CN109632948B - A method of along pulp duct unilateral side ultrasound checking sleeve grouting full weight - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for detecting the plumpness of sleeve grouting by the unilateral ultrasonic method along the grout outlet channel. The end face of the grouting material on the side close to the surface of the prefabricated component in the grout outlet channel is set as an ultrasonic detection surface, and the ultrasonic detection surface has a flat surface. and set perpendicular to the pulp outlet channel; it includes the following detection steps: arrange an ultrasonic transducer on the ultrasonic detection surface, the ultrasonic transducer can simultaneously excite ultrasonic waves and receive ultrasonic waves; after the ultrasonic transducer excites ultrasonic waves, the ultrasonic waves move along the The tunnel propagates to the back of the prefabricated component. When the grouting of the sleeve is full, the ultrasonic waves are reflected on the back of the prefabricated component. When the grouting of the sleeve is not full, the ultrasonic waves are scattered at the end of the grouting material defect near the side of the sleeve in the grouting tunnel; The ultrasonic transducer receives the ultrasonic echo signal; the fullness of grouting can be judged according to whether there is an obvious echo signal in the area corresponding to the grouting hole. The invention can non-destructively, quickly and effectively detect whether the grouting of the sleeve is full.

Description

A method for detecting the fullness of sleeve grouting by unilateral ultrasonic method along the grouting channel

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of prefabricated buildings, in particular to a method for detecting the fullness of sleeve grouting along a grouting channel with a unilateral ultrasonic method.

Background technique

Prefabricated buildings refer to the production of some or all of the components and parts of the building in the prefabricated factory, and then transported to the construction site, using reliable connection methods and installation machinery to assemble the components to form a building with design and use functions. Compared with the construction of cast-in-place structures, prefabricated structures have the advantages of convenient construction, fast project progress, little impact on the surrounding environment, and easy guarantee of the quality of building components. Prefabricated structures are widely used in industrial buildings in my country, and have been vigorously promoted and applied in civil buildings, especially residential buildings, in the past ten years.

Grouting sleeve connection is one of the main connection methods of steel bars in prefabricated concrete structures at present. This technology realizes steel bar connection through special grouting sleeves and high-strength non-shrinkage grouting materials. It has the advantages of fast construction, simple force, small additional stress, and applicable Wide range, easy to absorb construction errors and other advantages. Because the number of joints in the same section of the member is 100% in this connection method, and they are generally located in important stress-bearing parts of the member, the quality of the connection is very important. If the grouting inside the grouting sleeve is not full, the reinforcement connection will not meet the design expectations performance, it may bring serious structural safety hazards.

During the construction process, grout leakage, less grouting, and blockage inside the grouting sleeve occurred from time to time, and engineering problems that the connection quality of the grouting sleeve did not meet the requirements were also reported. During the project acceptance, special attention was paid to the fullness of the grouting. Due to the complex structure of steel sleeve grouting connection and concealed engineering, the detection of grouting fullness is a recognized problem at home and abroad.

At present, the existing sleeve grouting fullness testing methods mainly include three categories: pre-embedded testing methods, non-destructive testing methods, and local damage testing methods.

The pre-embedded detection method needs to set up embedded parts during the grouting construction process, such as the embedded sensor method and the pre-embedded steel wire drawing method, and judge whether the grouting is full by detecting whether the embedded parts inserted into the grout outlet of the sleeve are covered by the grouting material sex. Affected by the position of the steel bar, when the steel bar is offset and close to the inner wall of the slurry outlet side of the sleeve, the embedded part cannot extend into the inner cavity of the sleeve; It cannot be recycled, and after grouting, the hardening of the residual slurry on the core element of the sensor may lead to misjudgment; the pre-embedded steel wire drawing method is susceptible to on-site disturbances or destroy. In addition, the biggest problem with the pre-embedded inspection method is that it is impossible to carry out random sampling inspections on the project, resulting in fine construction of the parts where the pre-embedded parts are installed, while the quality of the rest of the parts is more likely to be out of control.

The non-destructive testing method is to test directly on the surface of the prefabricated component without taking any pre-embedded measures, such as impact echo method, X-ray method, ultrasonic CT method, and traditional ultrasonic method. Shock-echo method can find the grouting is not full to a certain extent, but there are errors between the quantitative results and the actual situation, and it is still immature in general; the X-ray method is limited by the penetration ability of the portable X-ray machine, and currently only 200mm-thick prefabricated shear wall sleeve grouting plumpness test arranged in the center of the sleeve or plum blossom piles, and personnel must be cleared within the radiation range during the detection; although ultrasonic CT method can be used for qualitative detection conveniently and quickly, but if the sleeve and There is a small void between the external concrete or between the sleeve and the internal grouting material, which will lead to misjudgment, and the sleeve with full grout will be measured as an empty sleeve; the traditional ultrasonic method is to conduct ultrasound on the concrete surface on both sides of the prefabricated component For the test, due to the coupling effect of multiple factors such as concrete, steel bars, sleeves, grouting materials, and insulation layers, especially the ultrasonic waves are likely to detour along the sleeve wall and cannot enter the inside of the sleeve, resulting in slow progress in this non-destructive testing technology. Existing results can not meet the requirements of engineering use.

The local damage detection method is to remove the concrete protective layer on the outside of the sleeve or the concrete around the sleeve before testing. In view of the limitations of non-destructive testing methods, researchers have successively proposed local damage X-ray detection methods, sleeve surface ultrasound and sleeve surface Vibration method. The local damage X-ray detection method is to enable the imaging plate to be placed on the back of the sleeve. The scope of chiseling concrete is large, which is not suitable for on-site operation, and other limitations of the X-ray method still exist; the sleeve surface ultrasonic and sleeve surface excitation methods require Doing pre-calibration tests for sleeves of different specifications and models is inefficient and has a great influence on human operation factors.

Therefore, it is urgent to develop a non-destructive testing method that can quickly and effectively detect whether the sleeve grouting is full.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for detecting the plumpness of sleeve grouting along one side of the grouting channel by ultrasonic method, which can non-destructively, quickly and effectively detect whether the sleeve is full of grouting.

In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a method for detecting the fullness of sleeve grouting by unilateral ultrasonic method along the grouting channel, and a grouting channel is set between the grouting outlet of the sleeve and the grouting outlet on the surface , setting the end face of the grouting material on the side close to the surface of the prefabricated component in the grout outlet channel as an ultrasonic detection surface, the ultrasonic detection surface has a flat surface, and the grout outlet channel is vertically arranged to the ultrasonic detection surface;

Contains the following detection steps:

An ultrasonic transducer is arranged on the ultrasonic detection surface, and the ultrasonic transducer can simultaneously excite ultrasonic waves and receive ultrasonic waves on the ultrasonic detection surface;

After the ultrasonic transducer excites the ultrasonic wave, the ultrasonic wave propagates along the grout channel to the back of the prefabricated component. When the sleeve is full of grout, there is no cavity within the range of the ultrasonic propagation path, and the ultrasonic wave is reflected on the back of the prefabricated component. When the sleeve When the grouting is not full, there is a cavity area within the range of the propagation path of the ultrasonic wave, and the ultrasonic wave is scattered at the end of the grouting material defect on the side of the sleeve in the grout outlet channel; the ultrasonic transducer receives the echo signal of the ultrasonic wave;

The fullness of grouting can be judged according to whether there is an obvious echo signal in the area corresponding to the grouting channel.

Further, the slurry outlet channel is perpendicular to the surface of the prefabricated component, and the slurry outlet channel is formed by PVC hard straight pipe. During the production process of the prefabricated component, by adding a slurry outlet channel positioning mold above the sleeve, the slurry outlet channel The positioning mold positions the PVC hard straight pipe, and calibrates the slurry outlet channel vertically with the surface of the prefabricated component.

Further, the ultrasonic detection surface is located on the inner side of the slurry outlet on the surface of the prefabricated component, and a flat ultrasonic detection surface is obtained by the following methods:

Before the grouting is completed, the grout outlet on the surface of the prefabricated component is blocked by a plug. The surface of the plug on the side of the plug-in end should be flat, and the plug is a mold that forms a flat ultrasonic testing surface.

Further, the diameter of the ultrasonic transducer is less than or equal to 15mm, the length is greater than or equal to 10mm, and the frequency is less than or equal to 1MHz.

Further, the apparent degree of the echo signal includes the amplitude of the echo signal. When detecting, within the area corresponding to the pulp outlet channel, an obvious echo signal appears, and the amplitude of the echo signal exceeds that of the aerial measurement. Twice the noise amplitude at this position, that is, it is determined that the ultrasonic waves are scattered at the end of the grouting material defect on the side of the sleeve in the grouting channel, and thus the conclusion that the grouting is not full is obtained.

Further, the echo signal is displayed through the waveform display screen, and the area range corresponding to the pulp outlet channel on the acoustic-time coordinate axis of the waveform display screen is determined by the following steps:

Step ₁ ) Determine the length L1 of the slurry outlet channel according to the embedding position of the sleeve in the prefabricated component;

Step 2) Measure the vertical distance L ₂ from the ultrasonic testing surface to the surface of the prefabricated component with a gauge;

Step 3) According to step 1) and step 2), calculate the critical length L of the slurry in the grouting channel when the sleeve grouting is not full, wherein L=L ₁ -L ₂ ;

Step 4) Conversion is carried out according to the reference sound velocity v and the sound velocity variation coefficient β of the ultrasonic wave propagating in the grouting material;

When the grouting of the sleeve is not full, the ultrasonic waves will scatter through the grouting material defect end near the sleeve side in the grouting channel. The required time t=2L/(β·v), when β takes the minimum value β _min within its variation range, the corresponding sound velocity is the lowest, and the maximum sound time required for the ultrasonic wave to go back and forth to the slurry under the critical length:

_tmax = 2L/( _βmin ·v);

The starting point of the noise area on the acoustic-time coordinate axis of the waveform display screen to t _max is the area corresponding to the pulp outlet channel.

Further, before testing, the grouting material in the sleeve is solidified and hardened for more than or equal to 3 days.

Further, when it is judged that the grouting is not full, a three-dimensional measuring endoscope is used to carry out a quantitative inspection of the fullness of the grouting, and the steps are as follows:

Step 1) use drilling equipment to drill holes along the slurry outlet channel to make a detection channel;

Step 2) Pause the operation every time it advances 20mm-30mm, and use the cleaning equipment to clean the grouting debris and powder in the detection tunnel;

Step 3) When the distance from the grout outlet of the sleeve is less than 20 mm, slow down the drilling speed, stop the operation every 3 mm-5 mm, and use the cleaning equipment to clean the grouting debris and powder in the detection channel, and observe the drilling speed. progress until the detection hole penetrates;

Step 4) Send the side-view measurement lens of the three-dimensional measurement endoscope from the detection hole into the inner cavity of the sleeve to observe downwards, measure the length of the grouting defect area, and then calculate the grouting fullness according to the length of the grouting defect area.

Beneficial effects of the present invention:

1. The present invention simplifies the medium environment in the ultrasonic propagation path into a single grouting material under the condition that the sleeve grouting is not full by transmitting ultrasonic waves along the grout outlet channel and receiving ultrasonic echoes at the emitting point. The position and strength of the echo signal can be used to judge the fullness of grouting, without the interference of other media in the prefabricated components, making it possible to detect the fullness of grouting by ultrasonic method.

2. The detection method of the present invention is not limited by the spatial position of the prefabricated components and the arrangement of the sleeves. As long as there is a single-side operation surface, the detection can be carried out, which solves the problem that the external wall is difficult to detect, and the detection speed is fast and the efficiency is high. ;

3. The detection method of the present invention is a non-destructive detection method, which will not cause damage to the connecting parts of the components, and the plugging of the slurry outlet can also be used as a forming mold for the ultrasonic detection surface, without any increase in detection costs.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of steel bar sleeve grouting connection of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the ultrasonic detection of the full state of grouting in the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the ultrasonic detection of the grouting insufficiency state of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is the A-sweep wave form diagram when the ultrasonic transducer of the present invention is air-tested;

Fig. 5 is the A-sweep waveform diagram of the ultrasonic transducer test of the present invention when the grouting is not full;

Fig. 6 is an A-scan waveform diagram of the ultrasonic transducer test of the present invention when the grout is full.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, so that those skilled in the art can better understand the present invention and implement it, but the examples given are not intended to limit the present invention.

Figure 1 shows the structural schematic diagram of the grouting connection of the steel bar sleeve, including the prefabricated component 1, the sleeve 2 embedded in the prefabricated component, the upper and lower ends of the sleeve are respectively inserted into the upper steel bar and the lower steel bar, and the grout outlet 3 of the sleeve A grouting channel 5 is provided between the grouting port 4 on the surface of the prefabricated component, and a grouting channel 8 is provided between the sleeve grouting port 6 and the grouting port 7 on the surface of the prefabricated component. Strength non-shrinkage grouting material 9, stop grouting after the grouting material flows out from the grouting hole to be determined, and realize the connection between the upper steel bar and the lower steel bar after the grouting material solidifies and hardens, and the fullness of the grouting material in the sleeve is related to the connection between the upper steel bar and the lower steel bar Intensity; in this application, the end surface of the grouting material in the grout outlet channel close to the surface of the prefabricated component is the ultrasonic testing surface 10 .

Referring to Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, an embodiment of the method of the present invention for detecting the fullness of sleeve grouting by unilateral ultrasonic method along the grouting channel, the end surface of the grouting material on the side close to the surface of the prefabricated component in the grouting channel is set The ultrasonic detection surface has a flat surface, which is convenient for the abutment of the end of the ultrasonic transducer, so that the ultrasonic wave can effectively penetrate the grout after the coupling agent is used; wherein, the grout outlet channel is vertical to the ultrasonic detection surface, By maintaining a vertical angle, the ultrasonic wave emitted by the ultrasonic transducer is sent along the axial direction of the slurry outlet, so as to ensure that the echo of the ultrasonic wave can also be transmitted axially;

Before testing, it usually takes at least 3 days for the grouting material in the sleeve to solidify and harden to reach a certain strength, so as to ensure that the speed of ultrasonic waves propagating in the grouting material is close to the reference sound velocity v, which is about 4000m/s.

Specifically, the following detection steps are included:

First arrange the ultrasonic transducer 11 on the ultrasonic detection surface, the ultrasonic transducer has the functions of transmitting and receiving, that is, it can simultaneously stimulate ultrasonic waves and receive ultrasonic waves on the ultrasonic detection surface;

After the ultrasonic transducer excites the ultrasonic wave, the ultrasonic wave propagates along the grout channel to the back of the prefabricated component. When the sleeve is filled with grout, there is no cavity within the range of the ultrasonic propagation path, and the ultrasonic wave is reflected on the back 12 of the prefabricated component. When the grouting of the barrel is not full, there is a cavity area 13 within the propagation path of the ultrasonic wave, and the ultrasonic wave is scattered at the grouting material defect end 14 near the sleeve side in the grout outlet channel; the ultrasonic transducer receives the echo signal of the ultrasonic wave ;

The fullness of the grouting can be judged according to whether there is an obvious echo signal in the area corresponding to the grouting hole; among them, when the grouting of the sleeve is not full, the ultrasonic wave can only be used in the grouting hole on the side of the grouting material close to the inner cavity of the sleeve Scattering occurs at the end surface, which will produce obvious echo signals; when the grouting sleeve is full, the grouting ultrasonic waves propagate to the back of the prefabricated component and reflect back to the ultrasonic detection surface through the back of the prefabricated component. During propagation, multiple scattering and reflections occur at the interface between the grouting material and the steel bar, the interface between the grouting material and the sleeve, and the interface between the sleeve and the concrete, and the energy attenuation of the ultrasonic wave will cause the echo signal to be relatively weak. Therefore, the judgment of the echo signal can determine the fullness of grouting.

Among them, the obvious degree of the echo signal includes the amplitude of the echo signal. When detecting, in the area corresponding to the slurry outlet, there is an obvious echo signal, and the amplitude of the echo signal exceeds the position noise during the aerial measurement. When the amplitude is 2 times, it is determined that the ultrasonic waves are scattered at the end of the grouting material defect on the side of the sleeve in the grouting channel, and thus the conclusion that the grouting is not full is obtained.

Taking a prefabricated shear wall with a thickness of 200mm, and a certain brand of GTZQ416 sleeve as an example, the radius of the sleeve is 24mm, and the sleeve is arranged as a plum blossom pile in the prefabricated component. The sleeve is located at the far end of the front of the prefabricated component on the side of the ultrasonic testing surface, and the vertical distance between the centerline of the sleeve and the back of the prefabricated component is 55 mm.

The echo signal is mainly displayed through the waveform display screen, and the area corresponding to the pulp outlet channel on the acoustic-time coordinate axis of the waveform display screen is determined by the following steps:

According to the embedding position of the sleeve in the prefabricated component, the length L ₁ of the grout channel can be calculated = 200-55-24 = 121mm, and the vertical distance L ₂ between the ultrasonic testing surface and the surface of the prefabricated component is measured as 11mm, then When the sleeve grouting is not full, the critical length of the slurry in the grouting channel L = L ₁ -L ₂ = 121-11 = 110㎜, the reference sound velocity of ultrasonic waves propagating in the grouting material v = 4000m/s, usually the sound velocity changes The value range of the coefficient β is 0.9-1.1. When β takes the minimum value within its variation range β _min =0.9, the corresponding sound velocity is the lowest, and the maximum sound time t _max required for the ultrasonic wave to go back and forth to the slurry under the critical length is 2L /(β _min v)=(2×0.11)/(0.9×4000)·10 ⁶ ＝61μs, the starting point of the noise area on the acoustic time coordinate axis of the waveform display screen to 61μs is the area corresponding to the slurry outlet.

Among them, referring to FIG. 4 , it is the A-scan waveform during the air measurement of the ultrasonic transducer, and it can be clearly seen that the fluctuation range of the waveform is small and relatively stable. Referring to Fig. 5, it can be seen that in the area corresponding to the slurry outlet channel, there is an obvious echo signal at the position of 33 μs on the acoustic time coordinate axis, and the amplitude of the echo signal exceeds twice the noise amplitude at this position during the air measurement. Therefore, it is judged that the grouting is not full. Further, the actual length L ₃ of the grout in the grouting channel when the sleeve grouting is not full can be calculated according to the reference sound velocity of ultrasonic waves propagating in the grouting material, L ₃ =(4000×33·10 ^-6 )/2=0.066m , that is, the actual length of the slurry in the grouting channel is about 66 mm, which is less than the critical length of 110 mm in the grouting channel when the sleeve grouting is not full, indicating that when the grouting material in the sleeve leaks and is not full, the grouting The grout in the tunnel will also partially flow back into the inner cavity of the sleeve.

Referring to Figure 6, there is no obvious echo signal in the area corresponding to the grout outlet, and no obvious echo signal is found in other areas (the area on the right side of 61 μs on the acoustic time coordinate axis), so it is judged as grouting It is full, which shows that when the grouting is full, the ultrasonic wave is transmitted to the back of the prefabricated component and reflected back to the ultrasonic detection surface through the back of the prefabricated component. Multiple scattering and reflections occur at the interface with the sleeve, and at the interface between the sleeve and the concrete, and the energy attenuation of the ultrasonic wave leads to relatively weak echo signals.

In one embodiment, before making the ultrasonic inspection, first adjust the relative position of the slurry outlet channel to the surface of the prefabricated component to be vertical. The slurry outlet channel is made of PVC hard straight pipe. The slurry channel positioning mold, the slurry outlet channel positioning mold positions the PVC hard straight pipe, and aligns the slurry outlet channel vertically with the surface of the prefabricated component.

Mainly, the ultrasonic testing surface is located on the inner side of the grout outlet on the surface of the prefabricated component, and a flat ultrasonic testing surface is obtained by the following method: before the grouting is completed, the grout outlet on the surface of the prefabricated component is blocked by a plug, and the plug is located in the The surface on one side of the end should be flat, and the plug is a mold that forms a flat ultrasonic testing surface. The plane of the plug is in contact with the grouting material, and the required ultrasonic testing surface is formed after the grouting material solidifies and hardens.

Since the ultrasonic detection surface is located inside the slurry outlet on the surface of the prefabricated component, and the inner diameter of the slurry outlet channel is generally small, the parameters of the ultrasonic transducer are limited, its diameter is less than or equal to 15mm, the length is greater than or equal to 10mm, and the frequency Less than or equal to 1MHz to meet the detection needs of conventional sleeve models.

In one embodiment, when it is determined that the grouting is not full, a three-dimensional measurement endoscope can be used to perform a quantitative inspection of the fullness of the grouting, and the steps are as follows:

Use drilling equipment to drill holes along the slurry outlet channel to make a detection channel;

Rough drilling is carried out first, and when each drilling advances 20mm-30mm, the operation is suspended, and the cleaning equipment is used to clean the grouting material debris and powder in the inspection channel;

When the distance from the grout outlet of the sleeve is less than 20mm, perform fine drilling and slow down the drilling speed. When each drilling hole advances 3mm-5mm, stop the operation and use cleaning equipment to check the grouting debris and powder in the detection channel. Clean up and observe the drilling situation until the hole is penetrated; through fine drilling, a large amount of grouting debris and powder can be prevented from entering the sleeve cavity area under rough drilling, which will cause difficulties in the subsequent quantitative detection of grouting fullness;

After the drilling is completed, send the side-view measurement lens of the three-dimensional measurement endoscope into the inner cavity of the sleeve from the detection hole to observe downwards, measure the length of the grouting defect area, and then calculate the grouting fullness according to the length of the grouting defect area .

The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments for fully illustrating the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Equivalent substitutions or transformations made by those skilled in the art on the basis of the present invention are all within the protection scope of the present invention. The protection scope of the present invention shall be determined by the claims.

Claims (8)

1. A method for detecting the plumpness of sleeve grouting by unilateral ultrasonic method along the grouting channel, a grouting channel is arranged between the grouting outlet of the sleeve and the grouting outlet on the surface of the prefabricated component, it is characterized in that the grouting The end surface of the grouting material on the side close to the surface of the prefabricated component in the tunnel is set as an ultrasonic detection surface, the ultrasonic detection surface has a flat surface, and the grout discharge tunnel is vertically arranged to the ultrasonic detection surface; Contains the following detection steps: An ultrasonic transducer is arranged on the ultrasonic detection surface, and the ultrasonic transducer can simultaneously excite ultrasonic waves and receive ultrasonic waves on the ultrasonic detection surface; After the ultrasonic transducer excites the ultrasonic wave, the ultrasonic wave propagates along the grout channel to the back of the prefabricated component. When the sleeve is full of grout, there is no cavity within the range of the ultrasonic propagation path, and the ultrasonic wave is reflected on the back of the prefabricated component. When the sleeve When the grouting is not full, there is a cavity area within the range of the propagation path of the ultrasonic wave, and the ultrasonic wave is scattered at the end of the grouting material defect on the side of the sleeve in the grout outlet channel; the ultrasonic transducer receives the echo signal of the ultrasonic wave; Judging the fullness of grouting according to whether there is an obvious echo signal in the area corresponding to the grouting hole: the echo signal is displayed on the waveform display screen, and the obviousness of the echo signal includes the amplitude of the echo signal. , within the area corresponding to the pulp outlet on the acoustic-time coordinate axis of the waveform display screen, the amplitude of the echo signal at any position exceeds twice the noise amplitude of the position during the aerial measurement, that is, it is determined that the ultrasonic wave is in the pulp outlet. Scattering occurs at the end of the grout defect near the side of the sleeve, and it is concluded that the grout is not full. 2 . The method for detecting sleeve grouting fullness by unilateral ultrasonic method along the grout outlet channel according to claim 1 , wherein the grout outlet channel is perpendicular to the surface of the prefabricated component. 3 . 3. The method for detecting the plumpness of sleeve grouting by unilateral ultrasonic method along the grouting channel as claimed in claim 2, wherein the grouting channel is prepared from PVC hard straight pipes, and in the prefabricated component manufacturing process, By adding a slurry outlet channel positioning mold above the sleeve, the slurry outlet channel positioning mold positions the PVC hard straight pipe, and vertically aligns the slurry outlet channel with the surface of the prefabricated component. 4. The method for detecting the fullness of sleeve grouting by unilateral ultrasonic method along the grout outlet channel according to claim 1, characterized in that, the ultrasonic detection surface is located on the inner side of the grout outlet on the surface of the prefabricated component, and the flat ultrasonic detection surface Surfaces are obtained by: Before the grouting is completed, the grout outlet on the surface of the prefabricated component is blocked by a plug. The surface of the plug on the side of the plug-in end should be flat, and the plug is a mold that forms a flat ultrasonic testing surface. 5. The method for detecting the fullness of sleeve grouting by unilateral ultrasonic method along the grouting channel according to claim 1, characterized in that, the diameter of the ultrasonic transducer is less than or equal to 15mm, the length is greater than or equal to 10mm, and the frequency Less than or equal to 1MHz. 6. The method for detecting the plumpness of sleeve grouting by unilateral ultrasonic method along the slurry outlet channel as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that, the area range corresponding to the slurry outlet channel on the acoustic time coordinate axis of the waveform display screen consists of the following steps Sure: Step ₁ ) Determine the length L1 of the slurry outlet channel according to the embedding position of the sleeve in the prefabricated component; Step 2) Measure the vertical distance L ₂ from the ultrasonic testing surface to the surface of the prefabricated component with a gauge; Step 3) According to step 1) and step 2), calculate the critical length L of the slurry in the grouting channel when the sleeve grouting is not full, wherein L=L ₁ -L ₂ ; Step 4) Conversion is carried out according to the reference sound velocity v and the sound velocity variation coefficient β of the ultrasonic wave propagating in the grouting material; When the grouting of the sleeve is not full, the ultrasonic waves will scatter through the grouting material defect end near the sleeve side in the grouting channel. The required time t=2L/(β·v), when β takes the minimum value β _min within its variation range, the corresponding sound velocity is the lowest, and the maximum sound time required for the ultrasonic wave to go back and forth to the slurry under the critical length: _tmax = 2L/( _βmin ·v); The starting point of the noise area on the acoustic-time coordinate axis of the waveform display screen to t _max is the area corresponding to the pulp outlet channel. 7. The method for detecting sleeve grouting plumpness by unilateral ultrasonic method along the grouting channel according to claim 1, characterized in that, before the detection, the grout in the sleeve is solidified and hardened for more than or equal to 3 days. 8. The method for detecting the plumpness of sleeve grouting by unilateral ultrasonic method along the grouting channel according to claim 1, characterized in that, when it is judged that the grouting is not full, a three-dimensional measuring endoscope is used to quantify the fullness of grouting For inspection, use drilling equipment to drill holes along the slurry outlet channel to make a detection channel. The steps are as follows: Step 1) Pause the operation every time it advances 20mm-30mm, and use the cleaning equipment to clean the grouting debris and powder in the detection tunnel; Step 2) When the distance from the grout outlet of the sleeve is less than 20mm, slow down the drilling speed, stop the operation every time it advances 3mm-5mm, use cleaning equipment to clean the grouting debris and powder in the detection channel, and observe the drilling speed. progress until the detection hole penetrates; Step 3) Send the side-view measurement lens of the three-dimensional measurement endoscope into the inner cavity of the sleeve from the detection hole to observe downwards, measure the length of the grouting defect area, and then convert the grouting fullness according to the length of the grouting defect area.