CN109632595A - The apparatus and method of a set of Marsh Wetland peat horizon Groundwater Observation - Google Patents
The apparatus and method of a set of Marsh Wetland peat horizon Groundwater Observation Download PDFInfo
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- CN109632595A CN109632595A CN201810208577.XA CN201810208577A CN109632595A CN 109632595 A CN109632595 A CN 109632595A CN 201810208577 A CN201810208577 A CN 201810208577A CN 109632595 A CN109632595 A CN 109632595A
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- pipe
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- head pipe
- measurement
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
Abstract
The invention discloses the apparatus and method of a set of Marsh Wetland peat horizon Groundwater Observation, it includes at least one group of measurement pipe made, a set of measurement pipe application method, a kind of infiltration coefficient calculation formula.Measurement pipe can be divided into head pipe (8) and osmos tube (2) again, decussation hole (3) in head pipe (8) steel pipe main body (10) is equidistant arrangement, decussation hole (3) in osmos tube (2) steel pipe main body (10) only has bottom to have 4 rows, and osmos tube (8) has bottom plug (7).The application method of measurement pipe is divided into two steps, and first step combination steel lance (9) carries out reconnaissance and breaks pipe, and second step cooperation tape measure, water sensitive test paper carry out head in pipe and measure.Infiltration coefficient calculation formula is K=2 π r/11T0, in formula, K is infiltration coefficient, unit m/s；R is osmos tube inside radius, unit m；T0It is that head restores total time, unit s.Package unit at most need 2 experimenters can be completed from erection, observation, record all processes.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to environmental project, Plateau Wetland and the technical fields of field measurement.
Background technique
Marsh Wetland would generally be developed in Qinghai-Tibet Platean, the peat horizon formed has unique groundwater seepage rule,
And a really very difficult problem is measured to its infiltration coefficient.Plateau can usually be reached since day and night temperature is big, and at night
To subzero, if general measuring device can all lose original sensitivity or even be damaged, while peat horizon gully
It is stronger to there is randomness, the survey crew in our fields is needed rapidly to establish measuring system using the condition of surrounding, starts
Test.
The common feature in plateau river is that channel change is in nature substantially without mankind's moving obstacle, common difficulty
It is the absence of long-term hydrologic and silt, bed configuration test, ground water movement data, it is equal individually to study any wherein model stream
Lack enough data, field investigation is difficult, and many conventionals method of analysis are difficult to obtain substantive breakthrough.By taking Yellow River Source as an example,
Its topography is flatter, and high-cold steppe, grassy marshland and peat are widely distributed, meandering flow such as Ji Qu, Jia Qu, the Baihe, Heihe, pool be bent,
Blue wrong song of wood etc., these rivers and tributary form the alluvial river group of meandering flow on Ruoergai Basin and the grassland Huang Nan.Quantity is many
More meandering flow riverbank groups becomes meadow, grassy marshland or peat composition diadactic structure, and (upper layer is radical operators, and lower layer is non-stick
Property cobble press from both sides sand bed), plane configuration wriggles detour, and curvature is very high, and bow lake can be found everywhere, if with good spotter
Section can obtain the firsthand data of a large amount of and valuable plateau riverine wetlands.
In order to study the infiltration coefficient of Plateau Wetland marsh peat layer, carry out field set up on the spot observation instrument be must be into
Capable laboratory facilities.Currently, what is generallyd use is the off-the-shelf hardware of a variety of companies when plateau field measurement groundwater seepage coefficient
(such as Hash, HOBE, China is just etc.).These equipment are generally expensive, and repellence is poor, and are easy to be identified by wild animal, it is difficult to
Long-term existence is in plateau field wetland marsh.If carrying lazy weight simultaneously, the good observation point of discovery just can only be abandoned, this is right
It is fatal in field inspection.It is either lost if instrument is destroyed in erection place, this is also for scientific research institution
No small loss.
Summary of the invention
The problem to be solved in the present invention is:
1, with surrounding county, township's resource, the infiltration coefficient for measuring field Plateau Wetland marsh peat layer is made nearby
Measuring tool, and guarantee measuring tool resistance, cheap, precision is high.
2, the calculation method developed again for the measuring tool of production.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is that:
1, production measurement component, measurement component include: a root long 1.8m, diameter 0.02m spiral (length can basis
Situation is modified on the spot), the smooth steel rod of a root long 0.4m, diameter 0.02m, several sections of long 1.5m, interior diameter 0.02m, overall diameter
The steel pipe of 0.024m, several and matched lid of outer diameter of steel pipes, the iron wire of one section of 0.3m, a steel nail, one tape measure.
2, reconnaissance is carried out by the gully of discovery, specific location is by based on situation on the spot.
3, it determines and marks off main 9 measurement points by nine grids behind position, then squeeze into the measurement pipe made.Measurement
Pipe is divided into head pipe and two kinds of osmos tube.Head pipe is by the steel pipe for being evenly spaced on decussation hole；Osmos tube is bottom
The portion decussation hole closely coupled there are 4 rows, and there are also bottom plugs for steel pipe end；The top of two kinds of pipes has a steel nail to insert
Hole.
4, head pipe deposition step are as follows: 1. combine spiral one end to form T-shaped steel lance, the other end with smooth steel rod
Sharpening.2. by steel lance be inserted into head pipe in, with tup to steel lance exert a force, be inconjunction with and squeeze into head pipe in soil, driving depth by
Experimenter determines.3. the steel lance also in head pipe is extracted, head nozzle closes the lid.4. if the mistake that head pipe is squeezed into
It is deep, steel nail can be inserted in the steel nail jack of native off-balancesheet portion one end, connect with iron wire with steel lance, taken advantage of a situation and above mention to suitable position.
5. each depth plays two head pipes, a control, an experiment.
5, osmos tube deposition step are as follows: 1. steel lance is inserted into head pipe, is exerted a force, is inconjunction with head to steel lance with tup
Pipe is squeezed into soil, and driving depth is determined by experimenter.2. steel lance is extracted from head pipe, steel nail is inserted in native off-balancesheet portion
The steel nail jack of one end is connect with iron wire with steel lance, is taken advantage of a situation and is above mentioned until head pipe is all extracted.3. osmos tube is inserted into head
After pipe is extracted in hole left by ground.4. each depth plays two osmos tubes, a control, an experiment.
6, the effective suitable method of measurement is measured, obtains observation data.Tape measure is fixed on 1m first when measurement
Place, is inserted into measurement pipe, and when extraction is wiped with water sensitive test paper, if showing head in 1m hereinafter, then will volume without water
Ruler lengthens, and again insertable into measurement pipe, repeats the above process, until touching head position in measurement pipe, records data；Such as
Fruit has water, then observes tape measure and impregnate partial-length, tape measure is shortened equal length, and additionally shorten 0.05m again, again insertable into,
It is wiped after extraction with water sensitive test paper, sees whether that only ruler head speckles with underground water, repeat the above process, until touching survey
Head position in buret.Finally ruler length is subtracted measurement pipe to leak out the length of earth's surface is the accurate position of underground flood peak
It sets.
7, the step of determining underground flood peak are as follows: 1. wait time enough, reach the underground flood peak in all head pipes
To balance height.2. measuring the underground flood peak height in control tube by insertion tape measure.3. to being carried out in every group of experiment tube
It draws water, until draining, then starts timing.4. measuring the underground flood peak in control tube again, while the ground in measurement experiment pipe
Lower head has reached balance, record required time if identical as head in control tube.5. repeating above procedure three times.
8, infiltration coefficient determine then can after squeezing into osmos tube just start recording, but need to equally arrange experiment tube with compare
Pipe, it is primary every same time measurement.Since process of osmosis is very slow, time interval is preferable at two hours or more.To data
The infiltration coefficient of Plateau Wetland marsh peat layer is obtained with new calculation method.
The apparatus and method of this set Marsh Wetland peat horizon Groundwater Observation be it is such, it include at least one group make
Measurement pipe, a set of measurement pipe application method, a kind of infiltration coefficient calculation formula.It is specifically such, measurement pipe by steel lance with
Steel pipe combination forms, and specific length can determine that tup only hits steel lance, not to measurement according to underground water head position on the spot
Pipe directly exerts a force.Steel pipe squeeze into it is too deep can be inserted by steel nail outside hole, then up be pulled out to adjust by steel lance.
For measurement pipe, the depth squeezed into is measurement position, and the underground flood peak of different depth is different, infiltration
Pressure is also different thoroughly.4 row's right-angled intersection holes of infiltration bottom of the tube are the main paths that water flow enters in soil, and bottom is sealed with bottom plug
The ground water pressure of the position bottom can be made to keep equilibrium state.There is no bottom plug sealing under head tube bottom.Measurement pipe is exhausting water
It in equilibrium process again afterwards, needs to close the lid, primarily to preventing the moisture in air from influencing, while can also prevent to drop
Rain.Number label is done on pipe, time of measuring need to use identical time interval, people measurement, people record, the group of two people
It can complete this work.
The present invention has the advantage that measurement pipe can be obtained from neighbouring county, township, town, it is required to process hand
Section can be completed in general hardware store, required cost bottom, fabrication cycle is short, have the characteristics that with with to.It was found that observation point
Progress erected on site is also easy to operate later, and the observation method after the completion of setting up is also easy enough, at most needs two experiment people
Member can be completed from erection, observation, record all processes.The pipe of steel is solid enough, antifreeze, anticollision, integrally closed, full
The experiment demand in sufficient field Plateau Wetland marsh.Tube environment is stablized, and cooperation tape measure can guarantee error within ± 1mm.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is reconnaissance schematic diagram of the invention；
Fig. 2 is measurement pipe Facad structure figure of the invention.
Fig. 3 is measurement pipe construction profile of the invention.
Description of symbols: 1- steel nail jack, 2- osmos tube, 3- decussation hole, the smooth steel rod of 4-, 5- screw-thread steel
Muscle, 6- screw-thread steel tip, 7- bottom plug, 8- head pipe, 9- steel lance, 10- steel pipe main body.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail with example with reference to the accompanying drawing.
Main member of the invention is 1- steel nail jack, 3- decussation hole, the smooth steel rod of 4-, 5- spiral, 6-
Screw-thread steel tip, 7- bottom plug, 10- steel pipe main body.
By the spiral of long 0.4m, the smooth steel rod 4 of diameter 0.02m and diameter 0.02m, (length can be according to situation on the spot
Modification) welding of spiral 5, steel lance handle is formed, needs to guarantee that smooth 4 both sides of steel rod can respectively accommodate the both hands of a people, this
It is because since clay viscosity is big after squeezing into argillic horizon, it is sometimes desirable to which two talents can extract steel lance.It is again that spiral 5 is another
End polishing forms screw-thread steel tip 6, squeezes into peat horizon to facilitate.Steel lance 9 completes.
The steel pipe for being sized to interior diameter 0.02m, overall diameter 0.024m of steel pipe main body 10, lesser size can be use up
Amount reduces the influence to experimental point, retains the Plateau Wetland marsh peat layer state of most original, but the selection of length can basis
Specified place is determined.Drilling is carried out at the top of steel pipe main body 10 and forms steel nail jack 1, and head pipe 8 plays cross friendship by same intervals
Entry 3；2 bottom of osmos tube carries out four groups of decussation perforation, forms four row's decussation holes 3, four row's decussations
Hole 3 is the main thoroughfare that underground water level penetrates into measurement pipe 2 under the depth, is to seep water to influence for dummy level direction.
Suitable place is found near gully first and carries out nine grids division, each point is successively labeled as ABCDEFGHI,
It is continued to explain by taking A point as an example.Steel lance 9 is inserted into head pipe 8, A point is found, makes tip downward, both hands hold smooth steel rod 4 slightly
It is micro- to be forcibly inserted into peat horizon downwards, only tip is kept all to submerge in peat horizon at this time, state is all to head pipe 8 at this time
Length is just stood on vertically above peat horizon.Continue to mark the point to be AP1 point, while determining the depth of AP1 point measurement pipe, completes
After start to squeeze into head pipe.Continuing to hold smooth steel rod 4 downwards firmly, head pipe 8 can be brought into peat horizon by steel lance 9 at this time,
When people can not continue directly to be forced into steel lance 9, hammer can be begun to use in the smooth steel rod 4 on steel lance 9
It is hammered at point, until head pipe 8 reaches set depth.Two hands are held into smooth steel rod 4, start to extract upwards, when
One people can hold one side of smooth steel rod 4 with a people when can not pulling out, resultant force is extracted.So far the head pipe 8 of AP1, which is set up, completes,
Remaining tubing and so on.
Head pipe 8 can start to measure after the completion of setting up, and be illustrated by taking AP1 point and A1 point as an example.Two pipes are quiet simultaneously
A period of time is set, when waiting that head no longer changes in pipes, using any portable small-sized suction pump, the water in A1 pipe is drained, often
It is measured every same time period, until the head in A1 pipe is concordant with the head in AP1 again.Measurement method are as follows: first will
Tape measure is fixed at 1m, is inserted into measurement pipe, and when extraction is wiped with water sensitive test paper, if showing that head exists without water
1m again insertable into measurement pipe, is repeated the above process hereinafter, then tape measure lengthens, until it is in place to touch head institute in measurement pipe
It sets, records data；If there is water, then tape measure soaking partial-length is observed, tape measure is shortened into equal length, and additional shortening again
0.05m, again insertable into being wiped after extraction with water sensitive test paper, see whether that only ruler head speckles with underground water, repeat above-mentioned mistake
Journey, until touching head position in measurement pipe.Above procedure repeats three times, can not obtain accurate underground water
Head.
Arrangement osmos tube 2 is then begun to, steel lance 9 is inserted into head pipe 8 on selected point, uses and arrange head pipe phase
Same mode squeezes into head pipe 8, then extracts steel lance 9, and steel nail is inserted into steel nail jack 1, is connect with iron wire with steel lance, one
People holds smooth steel rod 4, and another person holds screw-thread steel tip 6, extracts the head pipe 8 squeezed into joint efforts, then will be ready
The hole insertion that osmos tube 2 leaves along peat horizon, osmos tube 2 just arrange completion.Measurement method and 8 measurement method one of head pipe
Sample, essential record is time that head reaches balance, to obtain infiltration coefficient.
K=2 π r/11T0
In formula, K is infiltration coefficient, unit m/s；R is osmos tube inside radius, unit m；T0It is that head restores total time, it is single
Position s.
Certainly, above is specific application example of the invention, and there are other embodiments of the invention, all using equivalent
The technical solution that replacement or equivalent transformation are formed, all falls within protection scope of the presently claimed invention.
Claims (8)
1. the apparatus and method of a set of Marsh Wetland peat horizon Groundwater Observation, it is characterised in that: it includes at least one group and contains
Head pipe, osmos tube, steel lance, which combine the measurement to be formed, to be set up, the measurement method of a set of head pipe, osmos tube, a kind of infiltration coefficient
Calculation formula.
2. one group according to claim 1 contains head pipe (8), osmos tube (2), steel lance (9) and combines the measurement group formed
It builds, it is characterised in that: head pipe (8) is by evenly arranged ten in interior diameter 0.02m, overall diameter 0.024m steel pipe main body (10)
Font cross bore (3), bottom do not have bottom plug (7)；Osmos tube (2) is by interior diameter 0.02m, overall diameter 0.024m steel pipe main body (2)
4 row's decussation holes (3) of bottom and bottom plug (7) are made；Steel lance (9) is by long 0.4m, the smooth steel rod of diameter 0.02m
(4) it is welded on the spiral (5) of diameter 0.02m, then the other end sharpening of spiral (5) is formed into screw-thread steel tip
(7)；Steel lance can freely pull and push in head pipe (8) and osmos tube (2).
3. head pipe (8) according to claim 2, erection method are as follows: 1. by spiral (5) one end and smooth steel rod
(4) combination forms T-shaped steel lance (9), other end sharpening.2. steel lance (9) are inserted into head pipe (8), with tup to steel lance (9)
Force, is inconjunction with and squeezes into head pipe (8) in soil, driving depth is determined by experimenter.3. steel that will also in head pipe (8)
Lance (9) is extracted, head pipe (8) lid upper cover.4. steel nail can be inserted in native off-balancesheet portion if head pipe (8) is squeezed into too deep
The steel nail jack (1) of one end is connect with steel lance (9) with iron wire, takes advantage of a situation and above mention to suitable position.5. each depth makes a call to two water
Head tube, a control, an experiment.
4. osmos tube (2) according to claim 2, erection method are as follows: 1. steel lance (9) are inserted into head pipe (8), are used
Tup exerts a force to steel lance (9), is inconjunction with and squeezes into head pipe (8) in soil, driving depth is determined by experimenter.2. by steel lance
(9) it is extracted from head pipe (8), steel nail is inserted in the steel nail jack (1) of native off-balancesheet portion one end, connected with iron wire and steel lance (9)
It connects, takes advantage of a situation and above mention until head pipe (8) are all extracted.3. after osmos tube (2) insertion head pipe (8) is extracted left by ground
In hole.4. each depth plays two osmos tubes, a control, an experiment.
5. the measurement method of a set of head pipe according to claim 1, osmos tube, it is characterised in that: first consolidate tape measure
Be scheduled at 1m, be inserted into measurement pipe, when extraction, is wiped with water sensitive test paper, if without water, show head in 1m hereinafter,
Then tape measure is lengthened, again insertable into measurement pipe, is repeated the above process, until touching head position in measurement pipe, is recorded
Data；If there is water, then observes tape measure and impregnate partial-length, tape measure is shortened into equal length, and additionally shorten 0.05m again, then
Secondary insertion is wiped with water sensitive test paper after extraction, sees whether that only ruler head speckles with underground water, repeat the above process, until
Touch head position in measurement pipe.Finally ruler length is subtracted measurement pipe to leak out the length of earth's surface is underground flood peak
Accurate location.
6. a kind of infiltration coefficient calculation formula according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: it includes at least underground flood peak
Determine method, the calculation formula of infiltration coefficient.
It 7. underground flood peak according to claim 6 determines method, the steps include: 1. to wait time enough, make all
Underground flood peak in head pipe reaches balance height.2. measuring the underground flood peak height in control tube by insertion tape measure.③
To drawing water in every group of experiment tube, until draining, then start timing.4. the underground flood peak in control tube is measured again,
Underground flood peak in measurement experiment pipe simultaneously has reached balance, record required time if identical as head in control tube.⑤
Repeat above procedure three times.
8. infiltration coefficient calculation formula according to claim 6, expression are as follows: K=2 π r/11T0；In formula, K is
Infiltration coefficient, unit m/s；R is osmos tube inside radius, unit m；T0It is that head restores total time, unit s.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810208577.XA CN109632595A (en) | 2018-05-23 | 2018-05-23 | The apparatus and method of a set of Marsh Wetland peat horizon Groundwater Observation |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810208577.XA CN109632595A (en) | 2018-05-23 | 2018-05-23 | The apparatus and method of a set of Marsh Wetland peat horizon Groundwater Observation |
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| CN109632595A true CN109632595A (en) | 2019-04-16 |
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| CN201810208577.XA Pending CN109632595A (en) | 2018-05-23 | 2018-05-23 | The apparatus and method of a set of Marsh Wetland peat horizon Groundwater Observation |
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR100620362B1 (en) * | 2006-05-27 | 2006-09-11 | 주식회사 한국종합기술 | Field penetrability test method using cylindrical tester |
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| CN107515430A (en) * | 2017-06-06 | 2017-12-26 | 青岛大学 | A kind of method of seismic wave method detection salt lake bittern |
| CN207081458U (en) * | 2017-09-01 | 2018-03-09 | 魏强 | A kind of dykes and dams observation of groundwater levels pipe |
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2018
- 2018-05-23 CN CN201810208577.XA patent/CN109632595A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR100620362B1 (en) * | 2006-05-27 | 2006-09-11 | 주식회사 한국종합기술 | Field penetrability test method using cylindrical tester |
| CN102564676A (en) * | 2012-02-12 | 2012-07-11 | 吉林大学 | Penetrating-stretching type pore water pressure measurement device and measurement method thereof |
| CN107515430A (en) * | 2017-06-06 | 2017-12-26 | 青岛大学 | A kind of method of seismic wave method detection salt lake bittern |
| CN207081458U (en) * | 2017-09-01 | 2018-03-09 | 魏强 | A kind of dykes and dams observation of groundwater levels pipe |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| ANDREW S. FISHER 等: "EFFECTS OF DRAINAGE DITCHES ON VEGETATION PATTERNS IN ABANDONED AGRICULTURAL PEATLANDS IN CENTRAL NEW YORK", 《THE SOCIETY OF WETLAND SCIENTISTS》 * |
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Application publication date: 20190416 |