CN109632237A - The accurate regulating system of electro-arc heater flow parameter and adjusting method - Google Patents
The accurate regulating system of electro-arc heater flow parameter and adjusting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109632237A CN109632237A CN201811494268.XA CN201811494268A CN109632237A CN 109632237 A CN109632237 A CN 109632237A CN 201811494268 A CN201811494268 A CN 201811494268A CN 109632237 A CN109632237 A CN 109632237A
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M9/00—Aerodynamic testing; Arrangements in or on wind tunnels
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G05D27/00—Simultaneous control of variables covered by two or more of main groups G05D1/00 - G05D25/00
- G05D27/02—Simultaneous control of variables covered by two or more of main groups G05D1/00 - G05D25/00 characterised by the use of electric means
Abstract
The present invention relates to the accurate regulating system of electro-arc heater flow parameter and adjusting methods, the system includes mixed stable voltage room, heat-flow measurement device, device for pressure measurement, flow regulator and data analysing terminal, the present invention is based on accurately calculating for electro-arc heater ground simulation test state, in conjunction with the quantitative relationship of electro-arc heater working characteristics, running current and cold air in accurate given electro-arc heater simulation test procedure, the proportion of hot gas, to quickly complete the debugging of the air-flow enthalpy and hot-fluid that need to simulate to electro-arc heater, this method can quickly complete the debugging to a trystate (enthalpy and hot-fluid) by 1~2 train number, greatly improve the debugging efficiency of electro-arc heater, accelerate the progress of type of project test, this method is suitable for exchange common at present, tubular type, segmentation, a plurality of types of electric arcs such as lamination add The flow parameter of hot device is adjusted.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to electro-arc heater ground experiment more particularly to the accurate regulating system of electro-arc heater flow parameter and
Adjusting method belongs to aircraft ground aerothermodynamics experiment research field.
Background technique
Arc tunnel is to carry out hypersonic aircraft to reenter the important ground-testing plant studied with thermal protection, is each boat
Its big country carries out one of key technology of space exploration and core competitiveness.Hypersonic aircraft atmospheric reentry, due to strong
Shock wave and sticky stagnation, temperature faces violent Aerodynamic Heating up to K thousands of or even up to ten thousand, aircraft after shock wave wave.Electric arc adds
Hot device heats test gas by front and back electrode breakdown test medium, formation electric arc, generates high temperature gas flow, and simulation flies
Row device reenters flow field condition, carries out the ground experiment of aircraft solar heat protection research, it is however generally that, the simulation of arc tunnel ground experiment
Aerodynamic heating parameter is air-flow enthalpy and hot-fluid.
Current existing electro-arc heater equipment mainly has tubular type, segmentation, exchange, lamination several ways, covers from low enthalpy
(0-6MJ/kg), middle enthalpy (8-12MJ/kg) and Gao Han (12-20MJ/kg) each range, reenter the analog capability of hot-fluid also from
Low-heat stream (kW magnitude) arrives high hot-fluid (tens of MW magnitudes).The adjusting of Aerodynamic Heating ground test state follows following basic procedures:
Suitable jet pipe is selected according to moulded dimension, carries out the primary Calculation of trystate, enthalpy of the gases, cold wall according to required simulation
Hot-fluid, general gas flow needed for calculating the state lower heater.Practical Mach number Ma, the Pu Lang with selected jet pipe of the size of throughput
Special Pr, specific heat ratio r are related to viscosity μ etc..And these parameters are related to the temperature and pressure of local air-flow, it is conventional at present
Calculation method be that each step is all artificially tabled look-up, relatively complicated and inefficiency, each step may introduce error, cause reality
The difference of flow value needed for the flow value and actual tests of calculating is huge, simultaneously because current research lacks Aerodynamic Heating solar heat protection material
Quantitative relationship between simulation enthalpy, hot-fluid parameter and electro-arc heater electric current, quality stream operating parameter needed for material examination, test
Debugging using the first step examination gather, the method for subsequent Step wise approximation, generally requiring multiple train numbers could complete to a trystate
Simulation, test adjustment inefficiency.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the drawbacks described above of the prior art, electro-arc heater flow parameter is provided and is accurately adjusted
System, the system are accurately calculated based on electro-arc heater ground simulation test state, in conjunction with electro-arc heater working characteristics
Quantitative relationship, the proportion of the accurate running current given in electro-arc heater simulation test procedure and cold air, hot gas, thus fast
Speed completes the debugging of the air-flow enthalpy and hot-fluid that need to simulate to electro-arc heater, substantially increases the debugging effect of electro-arc heater
Rate accelerates the progress of type of project test.
Another object of the present invention is that providing electro-arc heater flow parameter process for accurately.
What above-mentioned purpose of the invention was mainly achieved by following technical solution:
The accurate regulating system of electro-arc heater flow parameter, including mixed stable voltage room, heat-flow measurement device, pressure measurement dress
It sets, flow regulator and data analysing terminal, in which:
The cold airflow of mixed stable voltage room, the thermal current that external electro-arc heater is generated and flow regulator distribution carries out
Mixing, mixed air-flow form supersonic flow in nozzle exit after external spout expansion accelerates；
Heat-flow measurement device, setting are exported in the external spout, measure the heat flow value of the supersonic flow, and send
Give data analysing terminal；
Device for pressure measurement measures the indoor pressure of mixed stable voltage, and is sent to data analysing terminal；
Flow regulator, for distributing into the mass flow of the thermal current of external electro-arc heater and into mixing surely
The mass flow of the cold airflow of pressure chamber；And the mass flow information of the thermal current of distribution, cold airflow is sent to data analysis eventually
End；
Data analysing terminal, the hot gas that the indoor pressure information of mixed stable voltage and flow regulator distribute based on the received
The mass flow information of stream, cold airflow, calculates the total enthalpy of the supersonic flow；By the total enthalpy and target of the supersonic flow
Enthalpy is compared, and the heat flow value of the received supersonic flow is compared with target heat flow value, if the two is consistent,
Then complete the accurate adjusting to air flow target enthalpy and target hot-fluid；Otherwise second of flow parameter debugging is carried out, is completed to gas
Flow the accurate adjusting of target enthalpy and target hot-fluid.
In the above-mentioned accurate regulating system of electro-arc heater flow parameter, the flow regulator distribution enters external electrical
The quality stream method for determination of amount of the mass flow of the thermal current of arc heater and the cold airflow into mixed stable voltage room is as follows:
(1), the total mass flow rate of the air-flow of flow regulator distribution is calculated
Wherein: A is the throat area of external spout, and L is the distance that external spout venturi is exported to external spout, q0It is super
The target heat flow value of subsonic airflow, μ, Pr are respectively the viscosity and Prandtl number of supersonic flow；
HQuiet enthalpy、HRestore enthalpy、HReference enthalpyRespectively the quiet enthalpy of supersonic flow, recovery enthalpy and reference enthalpy, expression formula are as follows:
H0For the target enthalpy of supersonic flow, n=1/2 when laminar condition, n=1/3 when turbulence state；V∞For outside spray
Pipe outlet air flow velocity；
(2), according to the total mass flow rate of the air-flowThe distribution of thermal current and cold airflow is carried out, wherein the matter of thermal current
Measure flowWith the mass flow of cold airflowIt obtains by the following method:
Wherein: HHeat 1For the enthalpy of external electric arc heater hot gas stream.
In the above-mentioned accurate regulating system of electro-arc heater flow parameter, the enthalpy of the external electric arc heater hot gas stream
HHeat 1It is obtained by following formula:
Wherein: I1For initial setting electric current value,For the mass flow of the thermal current of the external electro-arc heater of entrance；A, b
Respectively electric current power exponent and mass flow power exponent.
In the above-mentioned accurate regulating system of electro-arc heater flow parameter, the viscosity of supersonic flow in the step (1)
Coefficient μ, Prandtl number Pr, quiet enthalpy HQuiet enthalpy, air velocity V∞Circular it is as follows:
(1), using the gas thermal physical property parameter of NASA-CEA heat Balance Calculation air test medium, specific heat ratio γ is obtained
(T, P), viscosity μ (T, P), Prandtl Pr (T, P), enthalpy H (T, P) thermal physical property parameter are quantified with what temperature T and pressure P changed
Relationship obtains the discrete of the gas thermal physical property parameter in described external electro-arc heater (1) running temperature and pressure limit
Data；
(2), the target enthalpy H based on the supersonic flow0With given pressure P0, based on the enthalpy H (T, P) from
Data are dissipated, the total temperature initial value T of the supersonic flow is obtained0, utilize static temperature total temperature ratio T/ in hot ideal gas state equation
T0, static pressure overall pressure tatio P/P0And outlet-throat area ratio the A/A of external spout (3)*Between quantitative relationship, obtain described super
The static temperature T and static pressure P of subsonic airflow utilize the outlet-throat area ratio A/A*Mach number is obtained with specific heat ratio γ (T, P)
Ma；
(3), according to the μ (T, P), Pr (T, P), H (T, P) discrete data quantitative relationship, in conjunction with the Supersonic Gas
The static temperature T and static pressure P of stream obtain the viscosity μ, Prandtl number Pr, quiet enthalpy H of the supersonic flowQuiet enthalpyValue；It is complete using heat
The full equation of gas state, static temperature T and Mach number Ma based on the supersonic flow obtain the external spout (3) and work off one's feeling vent one's spleen
Flow velocity degree V∞。
In the above-mentioned accurate regulating system of electro-arc heater flow parameter, the mixing based on the received of data analysing terminal
The mass flow of the indoor pressure of pressure stabilizing and the thermal current of flow regulator distribution, cold airflow, calculates the supersonic flow
Total enthalpy specific formula is as follows:
Wherein: H1For the total enthalpy of supersonic flow；A*It is the throat area of external spout；For the total mass flow rate of air-flow:
P1For the indoor pressure of mixed stable voltage.
In the above-mentioned accurate regulating system of electro-arc heater flow parameter, data analysing terminal is by the supersonic flow
Total enthalpy is compared with target enthalpy, and the heat flow value of the received supersonic flow is compared with target heat flow value, if
The deviation of the two is within 5%, then judgement is consistent, completes the accurate adjusting to air flow target enthalpy and target hot-fluid.
In the above-mentioned accurate regulating system of electro-arc heater flow parameter, data analysing terminal carries out second of flow parameter
Debugging is completed accurately to adjust that the specific method is as follows to air flow target enthalpy and target hot-fluid:
(1), total mass flow of the air-flow of flow regulator distribution when calculating second of flow parameter debugging
Wherein: σ2Discharge coefficient when being debugged for second of flow parameter, σ1Flow when being debugged for first time flow parameter
Coefficient；The total mass flow rate of the air-flow of flow regulator distribution when being debugged for first time flow parameter
(2), according to the total mass flow rate of the air-flowThe distribution of thermal current and cold airflow is carried out, wherein the matter of thermal current
Measure flowWith the mass flow of cold airflowIt obtains by the following method:
Wherein: H0For the target enthalpy of supersonic flow, HHeat 2External electric arc heated when being debugged for second of flow parameter
The enthalpy of device thermal current；
(3), current value I needed for setting second of flow parameter debugging2, I2It is indicated using following formula:
Wherein: I1For initial setting electric current value,For the mass flow of the thermal current of the external electro-arc heater of entrance；A, b
Respectively electric current power exponent and mass flow power exponent；
(4), data analysing terminal is according to the indoor pressure of the received mixed stable voltage of second of test adjustment and flow
The mass flow of the thermal current of regulating device distributionThe mass flow of cold airflowCalculate the total of the supersonic flow
Enthalpy specific formula is as follows:
Wherein: H2The total enthalpy of supersonic flow when for second of test adjustment；A*For the throat area of external spout；For
The total mass flow rate of air-flow when second of test adjustment: P2Mixed stable voltage indoor pressure when for second of test adjustment.
(5), by the total enthalpy H of supersonic flow when second of test adjustment2Heat when being debugged with second of flow parameter
The heat flow value of flow measuring apparatus measurement completes the essence to air flow target enthalpy and target hot-fluid as final air-flow adjustment parameter
Really adjust.
In the above-mentioned accurate regulating system of electro-arc heater flow parameter, discharge coefficient σ in the step (1)1、σ2Pass through
Following formula obtains:
Wherein: q1The heat flow value of supersonic flow, q when being adjusted for first time flow parameter0For the target heat of supersonic flow
Flow valuve.μ1,Pr1The viscosity and Prandtl number of supersonic flow, μ when respectively first time flow parameter is adjusted2,Pr2Respectively
The viscosity and Prandtl number of supersonic flow, H when being adjusted for second of flow parameterQuiet enthalpy 1、HRestore enthalpy 1、HReference enthalpy 1Respectively
The quiet enthalpy of supersonic flow, recovery enthalpy and reference enthalpy, H when flow parameter adjustingQuiet enthalpy 2、HRestore enthalpy 2、HReference enthalpy 2Respectively second
The quiet enthalpy of supersonic flow, recovery enthalpy and reference enthalpy, V when flow parameter is adjusted∞1Outside spray when being adjusted for first time flow parameter
Pipe outlet air flow velocity, V∞2External spout outlet air flow velocity when being adjusted for second of flow parameter；H0For supersonic flow
Target enthalpy, n=1/2 when laminar condition, n=1/3 when turbulence state；V∞For nozzle exit air velocity.
In the above-mentioned accurate regulating system of electro-arc heater flow parameter, the heat-flow measurement device and external spout are exported
Supersonic flow it is angled, the angle ranging from 0 °~20 °.
In the above-mentioned accurate regulating system of electro-arc heater flow parameter, the data analysing terminal be based on excel,
Matlab or C software development environment.
In the above-mentioned accurate regulating system of electro-arc heater flow parameter, the heat-flow measurement device is plate plug calorimetric
Probe, platform body are stainless steel, and calorimetric probe uses centre for red copper cylinder chock, puts on the structure of glass reinforced plastic collet,
It is not thermally conductive between the red copper cylinder chock and stainless steel of the calorimetric.
Electro-arc heater flow parameter process for accurately, includes the following steps:
The thermal current that step (1), mixed stable voltage room generate external electro-arc heater distributes cold with flow regulator
Air-flow is mixed, and mixed air-flow forms supersonic flow in nozzle exit after external spout expansion accelerates；It is described outer
The thermal current that portion's electro-arc heater generates is by setting electric current value to being thermally formed after the test(ing) medium discharge breakdown of entrance；
Step (2), heat-flow measurement device measure the heat flow value of the supersonic flow, and are sent to data analysing terminal；
Device for pressure measurement measures the indoor pressure of mixed stable voltage, and is sent to data analysing terminal；Flow regulator distribution enters
The mass flow of the thermal current of external electro-arc heater and enter mixed stable voltage room cold airflow mass flow, and by distribution
Thermal current, cold airflow mass flow information be sent to data analysing terminal；
The indoor pressure information of mixed stable voltage and flow regulator divide based on the received for step (3), data analysing terminal
The mass flow information of the thermal current, cold airflow matched calculates the total enthalpy of the supersonic flow；By the total of the supersonic flow
Enthalpy is compared with target enthalpy, and the heat flow value of the received supersonic flow is compared with target heat flow value, if two
Person is consistent, then completes the accurate adjusting to air flow target enthalpy and target hot-fluid；Otherwise second of flow parameter debugging is carried out,
Complete the accurate adjusting to air flow target enthalpy and target hot-fluid.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
(1), accurately calculating the present invention is based on electro-arc heater ground simulation test state works in conjunction with electro-arc heater
The quantitative relationship of characteristic, the proportion of the accurate running current given in electro-arc heater simulation test procedure and cold air, hot gas,
To quickly complete the debugging of the air-flow enthalpy and hot-fluid that need to simulate to electro-arc heater.
(2), the accurate regulating system of electro-arc heater flow parameter of the present invention can be applied to Aerodynamic Heating heat insulation material
The test adjustment of ground examination, greatly improves the debugging efficiency of electro-arc heater, accelerates the progress of type of project test.
(3), electro-arc heater flow parameter process for accurately of the present invention has very extensive applicability, can cover
A plurality of types of electro-arc heaters such as exchange, tubular type, segmentation, lamination common at present, carry out the air-flow of various electro-arc heaters
Parameter regulation.
(4), electro-arc heater flow parameter process for accurately of the present invention can be quickly completed by 1~2 train number to one
The debugging of a trystate (enthalpy and hot-fluid) improves Aerodynamic Heating ground experiment debugging efficiency.
(5), it is accurate to be based on thermal balance gas thermal physical property parameter for electro-arc heater flow parameter process for accurately of the present invention
It calculates, the accurate quantification of test(ing) medium thermal physical property parameter under different thermal parameters (enthalpy, hot-fluid) may be implemented, it is achievable to test shape
State accurately calculates, and improves the accuracy of flow parameter adjusting.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the accurate regulating system topology layout schematic diagram of electro-arc heater flow parameter of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is electro-arc heater flow parameter process for accurately flow chart of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is Macker type arc heater working characteristics diagnostic system topology layout schematic diagram of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Present invention is further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples:
If Fig. 1 is the accurate regulating system topology layout schematic diagram of electro-arc heater flow parameter of the present invention, as seen from the figure originally
The accurate regulating system of invention electro-arc heater flow parameter includes mixed stable voltage room 2, heat-flow measurement device 4, device for pressure measurement
5, flow regulator 6 and data analysing terminal 7.
Mixed stable voltage room 2 flows into the cold air that the thermal current that external electro-arc heater 1 generates is distributed with flow regulator 6
Row mixing, mixed air-flow form supersonic flow in the outlet of jet pipe 3 after the expansion of external spout 3 accelerates.External electric arc adds
The thermal current that hot device 1 generates is by setting electric current value to being thermally formed after the test(ing) medium discharge breakdown of entrance.
The setting of heat-flow measurement device 4 is exported in the external spout 3, measures the heat flow value of supersonic flow, and be sent to
Data analysing terminal 7.Heat-flow measurement device 4 and the supersonic flow that external spout 3 exports are angled, the angle be 0 °~
20°。
Device for pressure measurement 5 measures the pressure in mixed stable voltage room 2, which is the stagnation pressure of 3 upstream of jet pipe, and is sent to
Data analysing terminal 7.
Flow regulator 6 is used to distribute the mass flow for the thermal current for entering external electro-arc heater 1 and enters mixing
The mass flow of the cold airflow of pressure stabilizing chamber 2, and the mass flow information of the thermal current of distribution, cold airflow is sent to data analysis
Terminal 7.
The distribution of flow regulator 6 enters the mass flow of the thermal current of external electro-arc heater 1 and enters mixed stable voltage
The quality stream method for determination of amount of the cold airflow of room 2 is as follows:
(1), the total mass flow rate for the air-flow that flow regulator 6 distributes is calculated
Wherein: A is the throat area of external spout 3, and L is the distance that 3 venturi of external spout is exported to external spout 3, q0
For the target heat flow value of supersonic flow, μ, Pr are respectively the viscosity and Prandtl number of supersonic flow, are based on supersonic speed
The target hot-fluid and target enthalpy of air-flow.
HQuiet enthalpy、HRestore enthalpy、HReference enthalpyRespectively the quiet enthalpy of supersonic flow, recovery enthalpy and reference enthalpy, expression formula are as follows:
H0For the target enthalpy of supersonic flow, n=1/2 when laminar condition, n=1/3 when turbulence state；V∞For outside spray
3 outlet air flow velocity of pipe.
(2), according to the total mass flow rate of air-flowThe distribution of thermal current and cold airflow is carried out, wherein the quality stream of thermal current
AmountWith the mass flow of cold airflowIt obtains by the following method:
Wherein: H0For the target enthalpy of supersonic flow, HHeat 1For the enthalpy of external 1 thermal current of electro-arc heater.
The enthalpy H of 1 thermal current of said external electro-arc heaterHeat 1It is obtained by following formula:
Wherein: I1For initial setting electric current value,For the mass flow of the thermal current of the external electro-arc heater 1 of entrance；A,
B is respectively electric current power exponent and mass flow power exponent.
In above-mentioned steps (1), viscosity μ, Prandtl number Pr, the quiet enthalpy H of supersonic flowQuiet enthalpy, air velocity V∞Tool
Body calculation method is as follows:
(1.1), using the gas thermal physical property parameter of NASA-CEA heat Balance Calculation air test medium, specific heat ratio γ is obtained
(T, P), viscosity μ (T, P), Prandtl Pr (T, P), enthalpy H (T, P) thermal physical property parameter are quantified with what temperature T and pressure P changed
Relationship obtains the dispersion number of external 1 running temperature of electro-arc heater and the gas thermal physical property parameter in pressure limit
According to；
(1.2), the target enthalpy H based on the supersonic flow0With given pressure P0, based on the enthalpy H (T, P)
Discrete data obtains the total temperature initial value T of the supersonic flow0, utilize static temperature total temperature ratio in hot ideal gas state equation
T/T0, static pressure overall pressure tatio P/P0And outlet-throat area ratio A/A of external spout 3*Between quantitative relationship, obtain described super
The static temperature T and static pressure P of subsonic airflow utilize the outlet-throat area ratio A/A*Mach number is obtained with specific heat ratio γ (T, P)
Ma；
(1.3), according to the μ (T, P), Pr (T, P), H (T, P) discrete data quantitative relationship, in conjunction with the supersonic speed
The static temperature T and static pressure P of air-flow obtain the viscosity μ, Prandtl number Pr, quiet enthalpy H of the supersonic flowQuiet enthalpyValue；Utilize heat
Ideal gas state equation, static temperature T and Mach number Ma based on the supersonic flow obtain the external spout 3 and work off one's feeling vent one's spleen
Flow velocity degree V∞。
The heat that the pressure information in mixed stable voltage room 2 and flow regulator 6 distribute based on the received of data analysing terminal 7
The mass flow information of air-flow, cold airflow calculates the total enthalpy of the supersonic flow；By the total enthalpy of supersonic flow and target enthalpy
Value is compared, and the heat flow value of the received supersonic flow is compared with target heat flow value, if the two is consistent,
Complete the accurate adjusting to air flow target enthalpy and target hot-fluid.Otherwise second of flow parameter debugging is carried out, is completed to air-flow
The accurate adjusting of target enthalpy and target hot-fluid.
Firstly, the pressure information in mixed stable voltage room 2 and flow regulator 6 divide data analysing terminal 7 based on the received
The mass flow information of the thermal current, cold airflow matched calculates the total enthalpy of the supersonic flow, specific formula is as follows:
Wherein: H1For the total enthalpy of supersonic flow；A*It is the throat area of external spout 3；For the total mass flow of air-flow
Amount: P1For the pressure in mixed stable voltage room 2.
Next, the total enthalpy of supersonic flow is compared by data analysing terminal 7 with target enthalpy, by received ultrasound
The heat flow value of fast air-flow is compared with target heat flow value, if the deviation of the two, within 5%, judgement is consistent, completion pair
The accurate adjusting of air flow target enthalpy and target hot-fluid.
Otherwise, second of flow parameter debugging is carried out, the accurate adjusting to air flow target enthalpy and target hot-fluid, tool are completed
Body method is as follows:
(1), the total mass flow for the air-flow that flow regulator 6 distributes when calculating second of flow parameter debugging
Wherein: σ2Discharge coefficient when being debugged for second of flow parameter, σ1Flow when being debugged for first time flow parameter
Coefficient；
(2), according to the total mass flow rate of the air-flowThe distribution of thermal current and cold airflow is carried out, wherein the matter of thermal current
Measure flowWith the mass flow of cold airflowIt obtains by the following method:
Wherein: H0For the target enthalpy of supersonic flow, HHeat 2External electric arc heated when being debugged for second of flow parameter
The enthalpy of 1 thermal current of device；
(3), current value I needed for setting second of flow parameter debugging2, I2It is indicated using following formula:
Wherein: I1For initial setting electric current value,For the mass flow of the thermal current of the external electro-arc heater 1 of entrance；A,
B is respectively electric current power exponent and mass flow power exponent；
(4), data analysing terminal 7 is according to the pressure and stream in the received mixed stable voltage room 2 of second of test adjustment
The mass flow for the thermal current that quantity regulating device 6 distributesThe mass flow of cold airflowCalculate the supersonic flow
Total enthalpy specific formula is as follows:
Wherein: H2The total enthalpy of supersonic flow when for second of test adjustment；A*For the throat area of external spout (3)；The total mass flow rate of air-flow when for second of test adjustment: P2Pressure when for second of test adjustment in mixed stable voltage room 2.
(5), by the total enthalpy H of supersonic flow when second of test adjustment2Hot-fluid is surveyed when debugging with second of flow parameter
Heat flow value that device 4 measures is measured as final air-flow adjustment parameter, is completed to the accurate of air flow target enthalpy and target hot-fluid
It adjusts.
Discharge coefficient σ in above-mentioned steps (1)1、σ2It is obtained by following formula:
Wherein: q1For first time flow parameter adjusting when (when initial) supersonic flow heat flow value, q0For Supersonic Gas
The target heat flow value of stream.μ1,Pr1The viscosity and Prandtl number of supersonic flow when respectively first time flow parameter is adjusted,
μ2,Pr2The viscosity and Prandtl number of supersonic flow, H when respectively second of flow parameter is adjustedQuiet enthalpy 1、HRestore enthalpy 1、HReference enthalpy 1
The quiet enthalpy of supersonic flow, recovery enthalpy and reference enthalpy, H when being adjusted for first time flow parameterQuiet enthalpy 2、HRestore enthalpy 2、HReference enthalpy 2It is second
The quiet enthalpy of supersonic flow, recovery enthalpy and reference enthalpy, V when flow parameter is adjusted∞1Outside spray when being adjusted for first time flow parameter
3 outlet air flow velocity of pipe, V∞23 outlet air flow velocity of external spout when being adjusted for second of flow parameter；H0For supersonic flow
Target enthalpy, n=1/2 when laminar condition, n=1/3 when turbulence state；V∞For 3 outlet air flow velocity of jet pipe.
Electro-arc heater flow parameter process for accurately of the present invention can realize that 1-2 train number is completed to target enthalpy and heat
The simulative debugging of parameter is flowed, Aerodynamic Heating ground experiment debugging efficiency is improved.
Electro-arc heater 1 of the present invention is tubular type low enthalpy electro-arc heater, can also be enthalpy electro-arc heater in segmented, can also
For stacked high enthalpy electro-arc heater.
Heat-flow measurement device 4 of the present invention is plate plug calorimetric probe, and platform body is stainless steel, and calorimetric is popped one's head in use
Between be red copper cylinder chock, put on the structure of glass reinforced plastic collet, confirm not thermally conductive between the red copper chock of calorimetric and stainless steel.
Data analysing terminal of the present invention is the extraction that data can be carried out based on software development environments such as excel, matlab or C
Analysis.
The present invention is all in conjunction with the understanding for trystate calculating process by taking 12MW tubular type electro-arc heater as an example
Test parameters is all based on heat Balance Calculation acquisition, can be obtained all intermediate variables by NASA-CEA heat Balance Calculation
Value, therefore by calculating electro-arc heater range of operation (0.01-100atm and 200K-10000K) interior air, CO2It is normal etc. a variety of
See the gas thermal physical property parameter of test(ing) medium, it is achievable that trystate is accurately calculated.Meanwhile electro-arc heater operation is defeated
Enter parameter and only have two parameters of electric current and mass flow, by establish electro-arc heater air-flow enthalpy with electric current, mass flow it
Between quantitative relationship, can complete to electro-arc heater cold air, hot gas proportion and setting electric current accurately calculate, realize to electric arc
The accurately and fast adjusting of heater flow parameter.
It is illustrated in figure 2 electro-arc heater flow parameter process for accurately flow chart of the present invention, electric arc heated of the present invention
Device flow parameter process for accurately, specifically comprises the following steps:
Thermal current and flow regulator 6 that external electro-arc heater 1 generates are distributed in step (1), mixed stable voltage room 2
Cold airflow is mixed, and mixed air-flow forms supersonic flow in the outlet of jet pipe 3 after the expansion of external spout 3 accelerates；Outside
The thermal current that portion's electro-arc heater 1 generates is by setting electric current value to being thermally formed after the test(ing) medium discharge breakdown of entrance.
Step (2), heat-flow measurement device 4 measure the heat flow value of the supersonic flow, and are sent to data analysing terminal
7；Device for pressure measurement 5 measures the pressure in mixed stable voltage room 2, and is sent to data analysing terminal 7；Flow regulator 6 divides
The mass flow of mass flow with the thermal current for entering external electro-arc heater 1 and the cold airflow into mixed stable voltage room 2, and
The mass flow information of the thermal current of distribution, cold airflow is sent to data analysing terminal 7.
Step (3), data analysing terminal 7 pressure information and flow regulator 6 in mixed stable voltage room 2 based on the received
The mass flow information of the thermal current of distribution, cold airflow, calculates the total enthalpy of the supersonic flow；By the supersonic flow
Total enthalpy is compared with target enthalpy, and the heat flow value of the received supersonic flow is compared with target heat flow value, if
The two is consistent, then completes the accurate adjusting to air flow target enthalpy and target hot-fluid；Otherwise second of flow parameter tune is carried out
The accurate adjusting to air flow target enthalpy and target hot-fluid is completed in examination.
Concrete methods of realizing is referring to above-mentioned to the accurate regulating system of electro-arc heater flow parameter in above-mentioned each step
Description, details are not described herein.
Above-mentioned HHeat 1The enthalpy of 1 thermal current of external electro-arc heater when being debugged for first time flow parameter, HHeat 2It is second
The enthalpy of 1 thermal current of external electro-arc heater when flow parameter is debugged, expression formula are as follows:
Wherein: a, b are respectively the electric current power exponent and mass flow power exponent for being fitted and obtaining, can be by stacked electric arc
Heater working characteristics diagnostic system obtains the power exponent, to obtain HHeat 1With HHeat 2Expression formula, the specific method is as follows:
It is illustrated in figure 3 Macker type arc heater working characteristics diagnostic system structural schematic diagram of the present invention, lamination type electric
Arc heater working characteristics diagnostic system includes power-supply system 12, device for pressure measurement 14, flow measurement device 15 and data point
Analyse terminal 16.
Data analysing terminal 16 receives the external electrical that current value I, the device for pressure measurement 14 that power-supply system 12 is set measure
The pressure P in electrode downstream before arc heater 110And the Supersonic Gas that the external spout 13 of the measurement of flow measurement device 15 exports
The mass flow of stream
Data analysing terminal 16 is according to the pressure P in electrode downstream before external electro-arc heater 110It is exported with external spout 13
Supersonic flow mass flowObtain air-flow enthalpy H0, obtain air-flow enthalpy H0The specific method is as follows:
Wherein: A* is the throat area of external spout 13.
Data analysing terminal 16 is to current value I, mass flowAnd corresponding air-flow enthalpy H0It is fitted, obtains respectively
Current value I is to air-flow enthalpy H0Power exponent coefficient a and mass flowTo air-flow enthalpy H0Power exponent coefficient b, obtain outer
The quantitative formula of 1 working characteristics of portion's electro-arc heater is as follows:
When practical application, according to the mass flow of the current value I of external electro-arc heater 11 and test(ing) mediumUsing institute
State the quantitative formula of external 11 working characteristics of electro-arc heaterAerodynamic Heating heat insulation material is directly determined to examine
The air-flow enthalpy parameter H that core need to simulate0。
The supersonic flow that external spout 13 exports passes through 12 setting electric current I of power-supply system, external electro-arc heater 11
Discharge breakdown generates electric arc between preceding electrode and rear electrode, to the mass flow of entranceTest(ing) medium heated, then pass through
The expansion of external spout 13 is formed after accelerating in nozzle exit.
Said external electro-arc heater 11 is high enthalpy Macker type arc heater of the enthalpy range in 8~20MJ/kg.
Above-mentioned device for pressure measurement 14 is YZD-2B type pressure sensor, and range covers 0~100kPa to 0~15MPa.
Above-mentioned flow measurement device 15 is sonic nozzle；Sonic nozzle measurement mass flow be by nozzle upstream pressure and
Nozzle throat area obtains, and sonic nozzle upstream and downstream pressure ratio is greater than 2.
Above-mentioned data analysing terminal 16 is based on matlab, originlab or excel software development environment.
The above, optimal specific embodiment only of the invention, but scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto,
In the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by anyone skilled in the art,
It should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.
The content that description in the present invention is not described in detail belongs to the well-known technique of professional and technical personnel in the field.
Claims (12)
1. the accurate regulating system of electro-arc heater flow parameter, it is characterised in that: filled including mixed stable voltage room (2), heat-flow measurement
Set (4), device for pressure measurement (5), flow regulator (6) and data analysing terminal (7), in which:
Mixed stable voltage room (2), the cold air of the thermal current that external electro-arc heater (1) is generated and flow regulator (6) distribution
Stream is mixed, and mixed air-flow forms supersonic flow in jet pipe (3) outlet after external spout (3) expansion accelerates；
Heat-flow measurement device (4), setting are exported in the external spout (3), measure the heat flow value of the supersonic flow, concurrently
Give data analysing terminal (7)；
Device for pressure measurement (5) measures the pressure in mixed stable voltage room (2), and is sent to data analysing terminal (7)；
Flow regulator (6) is mixed for distributing to enter the mass flow of the thermal current of external electro-arc heater (1) and enter
The mass flow of the cold airflow of pressure stabilizing chamber (2)；And the mass flow information of the thermal current of distribution, cold airflow is sent to data point
It analyses terminal (7)；
Data analysing terminal (7), the based on the received pressure information in mixed stable voltage room (2) and flow regulator (6) distribution
Thermal current, cold airflow mass flow information, calculate the total enthalpy of the supersonic flow；By the total enthalpy of the supersonic flow
It is compared, the heat flow value of the received supersonic flow is compared with target heat flow value, if the two with target enthalpy
It is consistent, then complete the accurate adjusting to air flow target enthalpy and target hot-fluid；Otherwise second of flow parameter debugging is carried out, it is complete
The accurate adjusting of pairs of air flow target enthalpy and target hot-fluid.
2. the accurate regulating system of electro-arc heater flow parameter according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the flow tune
Regulating device (6) distribution enters the mass flow of the thermal current of external electro-arc heater (1) and enters the cold air of mixed stable voltage room (2)
The quality stream method for determination of amount of stream is as follows:
(1), the total mass flow rate of the air-flow of flow regulator (6) distribution is calculated
Wherein: A is the throat area of external spout, and L is the distance that external spout venturi is exported to external spout, q0For supersonic speed
The target heat flow value of air-flow, μ, Pr are respectively the viscosity and Prandtl number of supersonic flow；
HQuiet enthalpy、HRestore enthalpy、HReference enthalpyRespectively the quiet enthalpy of supersonic flow, recovery enthalpy and reference enthalpy, expression formula are as follows:
H0For the target enthalpy of supersonic flow, n=1/2 when laminar condition, n=1/3 when turbulence state；V∞Go out for external spout
Mouth air velocity；
(2), according to the total mass flow rate of the air-flowThe distribution of thermal current and cold airflow is carried out, wherein the quality stream of thermal current
AmountWith the mass flow of cold airflowIt obtains by the following method:
Wherein: HHeat 1For the enthalpy of external electric arc heater hot gas stream.
3. the accurate regulating system of electro-arc heater flow parameter according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: the external electrical
The enthalpy H of arc heater (1) thermal currentHeat 1It is obtained by following formula:
Wherein: I1For initial setting electric current value,For the mass flow of the thermal current of the external electro-arc heater of entrance；A, b difference
For electric current power exponent and mass flow power exponent.
4. the accurate regulating system of electro-arc heater flow parameter according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: the step
(1) the viscosity μ of supersonic flow, Prandtl number Pr, quiet enthalpy H inQuiet enthalpy, air velocity V∞Circular it is as follows:
(1), using the gas thermal physical property parameter of NASA-CEA heat Balance Calculation air test medium, obtain specific heat ratio γ (T, P),
The quantitative relationship that viscosity μ (T, P), Prandtl Pr (T, P), enthalpy H (T, P) thermal physical property parameter change with temperature T and pressure P,
Obtain the discrete data of the gas thermal physical property parameter in described external electro-arc heater (1) running temperature and pressure limit；
(2), the target enthalpy H based on the supersonic flow0With given pressure P0, it is based on the dispersion number of the enthalpy H (T, P)
According to obtaining the total temperature initial value T of the supersonic flow0, utilize static temperature total temperature ratio T/T in hot ideal gas state equation0, quiet
Press overall pressure tatio P/P0And outlet-throat area ratio the A/A of external spout (3)*Between quantitative relationship, obtain the Supersonic Gas
The static temperature T and static pressure P of stream utilize the outlet-throat area ratio A/A*Mach number Ma is obtained with specific heat ratio γ (T, P)；
(3), according to the μ (T, P), Pr (T, P), H (T, P) discrete data quantitative relationship, in conjunction with the supersonic flow
Static temperature T and static pressure P obtains the viscosity μ, Prandtl number Pr, quiet enthalpy H of the supersonic flowQuiet enthalpyValue；Utilize the complete gas of heat
Body state equation, static temperature T and Mach number Ma based on the supersonic flow obtain the external spout (3) and work off one's feeling vent one's spleen flow velocity
Spend V∞。
5. the accurate regulating system of electro-arc heater flow parameter according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: data analysis is eventually
Hold thermal current, the cold airflow of the pressure and flow regulator (6) distribution of (7) based on the received in the mixed stable voltage room (2)
Mass flow, calculate the total enthalpy of the supersonic flow specific formula is as follows:
Wherein: H1For the total enthalpy of supersonic flow；A*It is the throat area of external spout；For the total mass flow rate of air-flow: P1For
The indoor pressure of mixed stable voltage.
6. the accurate regulating system of electro-arc heater flow parameter according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: data analysis is eventually
The total enthalpy of the supersonic flow is compared by end (7) with target enthalpy, by the heat flow value of the received supersonic flow
Be compared with target heat flow value, if the deviation of the two, within 5%, judgement is consistent, complete to air flow target enthalpy and
The accurate adjusting of target hot-fluid.
7. the accurate regulating system of electro-arc heater flow parameter described according to claim 1~one of 6, it is characterised in that: number
According to analysing terminal (7) second of flow parameter debugging is carried out, completes accurately adjusting to air flow target enthalpy and target hot-fluid
The specific method is as follows:
(1), the total mass flow for the air-flow that flow regulator (6) distributes when calculating second of flow parameter debugging
Wherein: σ2Discharge coefficient when being debugged for second of flow parameter, σ1Flow system when being debugged for first time flow parameter
Number；The total mass flow rate of the air-flow of flow regulator distribution when being debugged for first time flow parameter
(2), according to the total mass flow rate of the air-flowThe distribution of thermal current and cold airflow is carried out, wherein the quality stream of thermal current
AmountWith the mass flow of cold airflowIt obtains by the following method:
Wherein: H0For the target enthalpy of supersonic flow, HHeat 2External electro-arc heater heat when being debugged for second of flow parameter
The enthalpy of air-flow；
(3), current value I needed for setting second of flow parameter debugging2, I2It is indicated using following formula:
Wherein: I1For initial setting electric current value,For the mass flow of the thermal current of the external electro-arc heater of entrance；A, b difference
For electric current power exponent and mass flow power exponent；
(4), data analysing terminal (7) is according to the pressure and stream in the received mixed stable voltage room (2) of second of test adjustment
The mass flow of the thermal current of quantity regulating device (6) distributionThe mass flow of cold airflowCalculate the Supersonic Gas
The total enthalpy of stream specific formula is as follows:
Wherein: H2The total enthalpy of supersonic flow when for second of test adjustment；A*For the throat area of external spout；It is second
The total mass flow rate of air-flow when secondary test adjustment: P2Mixed stable voltage indoor pressure when for second of test adjustment.
(5), by the total enthalpy H of supersonic flow when second of test adjustment2Heat-flow measurement when being debugged with second of flow parameter
The heat flow value of device (4) measurement is completed to the accurate of air flow target enthalpy and target hot-fluid as final air-flow adjustment parameter
It adjusts.
8. the accurate regulating system of electro-arc heater flow parameter according to claim 7, it is characterised in that: the step
(1) discharge coefficient σ in1、σ2It is obtained by following formula:
Wherein: q1The heat flow value of supersonic flow, q when being adjusted for first time flow parameter0For the target hot-fluid of supersonic flow
Value.μ1,Pr1The viscosity and Prandtl number of supersonic flow, μ when respectively first time flow parameter is adjusted2,Pr2Respectively
The viscosity and Prandtl number of supersonic flow, H when second of flow parameter is adjustedQuiet enthalpy 1、HRestore enthalpy 1、HReference enthalpy 1Respectively first
The quiet enthalpy of supersonic flow, recovery enthalpy and reference enthalpy, H when secondary flow parameter is adjustedQuiet enthalpy 2、HRestore enthalpy 2、HReference enthalpy 2Respectively second of gas
The quiet enthalpy of supersonic flow, recovery enthalpy and reference enthalpy, V when flowing parameter regulation∞1External spout when being adjusted for first time flow parameter
Outlet air flow velocity, V∞2External spout outlet air flow velocity when being adjusted for second of flow parameter；H0For the mesh of supersonic flow
Enthalpy is marked, n=1/2 when laminar condition, n=1/3 when turbulence state；V∞For nozzle exit air velocity.
9. the accurate regulating system of electro-arc heater flow parameter according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the hot-fluid is surveyed
Amount device (4) and the supersonic flow that external spout (3) exports are angled, the angle ranging from 0 °~20 °.
10. the accurate regulating system of electro-arc heater flow parameter according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the data
Analysing terminal (7) is based on excel, matlab or C software development environment.
11. the accurate regulating system of electro-arc heater flow parameter according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the hot-fluid
Measuring device (4) is plate plug calorimetric probe, and platform body is stainless steel, and calorimetric probe uses centre for red copper plunger
Block puts on the structure of glass reinforced plastic collet, not thermally conductive between the red copper cylinder chock and stainless steel of the calorimetric.
12. electro-arc heater flow parameter process for accurately, characterized by the following steps:
Thermal current and flow regulator (6) distribution that step (1), mixed stable voltage room (2) generate external electro-arc heater (1)
Cold airflow mixed, mixed air-flow through external spout (3) expansion accelerate after jet pipe (3) outlet form Supersonic Gas
Stream；The thermal current that the external electro-arc heater (1) generates is the test(ing) medium discharge breakdown by setting electric current value to entrance
After be thermally formed；
Step (2), heat-flow measurement device (4) measure the heat flow value of the supersonic flow, and are sent to data analysing terminal
(7)；Device for pressure measurement (5) measures the pressure in mixed stable voltage room (2), and is sent to data analysing terminal (7)；Flow is adjusted
Device (6) distribution enters the mass flow of the thermal current of external electro-arc heater (1) and enters the cold airflow of mixed stable voltage room (2)
Mass flow, and the mass flow information of the thermal current of distribution, cold airflow is sent to data analysing terminal (7)；
Step (3), data analysing terminal (7) pressure information and flow regulator in mixed stable voltage room (2) based on the received
(6) mass flow information of the thermal current, cold airflow that distribute, calculates the total enthalpy of the supersonic flow；By the Supersonic Gas
The total enthalpy of stream is compared with target enthalpy, and the heat flow value of the received supersonic flow is compared with target heat flow value
Compared with, if the two is consistent, accurate adjusting of the completion to air flow target enthalpy and target hot-fluid；Otherwise second of air-flow ginseng is carried out
Number debugging, completes the accurate adjusting to air flow target enthalpy and target hot-fluid.
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