CN109632102B - Infrared polarization imaging measuring device based on rotating polaroid - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to an infrared polarization imaging measuring device based on a rotating polaroid, which comprises an infrared optical lens, a multi-direction polarizing unit, an infrared focal plane detector and a control unit, wherein the infrared optical lens adjusts polarized light of a target scene to obtain a detection light beam; the multi-direction polarizing unit obtains polarized light beams in different polarizing directions by changing the polarizing direction of the detection light beam; the infrared focal plane detector images the polarized light beams in different polarization directions to obtain and output infrared intensity images of the polarized light beams in different polarization directions; the control unit is used for controlling the multi-direction polarizing unit to sequentially convert the polarizing directions, so that the infrared focal plane detector can obtain infrared intensity images of polarized light beams in different polarizing directions corresponding to the sequentially converted polarizing directions at a preset frame rate. The invention can be used for measuring moving or changing target scenes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of infrared polarization imaging measurement, in particular to an infrared polarization imaging measurement device based on a rotating polaroid.
Background
Compared with the traditional photoelectric imaging detection technology, the polarization imaging detection technology can not only obtain the radiation intensity information of a target scene, but also obtain polarization parameters such as polarization degree, polarization angle, polarization ellipse ratio and the like, increases the dimensionality of the detected target scene information, and has important significance for improving target detection and identification.
With the increasing demand for the application of infrared polarization imaging detection, the infrared polarization imaging mode is continuously developed, and the current common infrared polarization imaging technologies are mainly divided into two categories: time-sharing and simultaneous modes. The time-sharing infrared polarization imaging technology obtains polarization state images of the same target scene at different moments by rotating the polaroid, and the device has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, high extinction ratio and high light flux, and is suitable for infrared polarization imaging detection of static targets; meanwhile, the simultaneous infrared polarization imaging technology utilizes one-time exposure time to obtain images of different polarization states of a target scene, has high detection speed, and can be used for detecting the polarization imaging of moving or changing targets. Meanwhile, the infrared polarization imaging mainly includes a partial amplitude type, a partial aperture type and a partial focal plane type. The light path adjustment of the partial amplitude type infrared polarization detection mode is difficult, the energy attenuation is large, and the volume and the weight of the system are large; the aperture-dividing type infrared polarization detection mode has more loss of spatial resolution, more complex image registration and low resolution; the micro-polarization array of the sub-focal plane infrared polarization imaging has the advantages of high manufacturing difficulty, high packaging difficulty with the focal plane, low extinction ratio and low spatial resolution.
Due to the defects of the three simultaneous infrared polarization imaging detection modes to a certain extent, the most common mode is time-sharing infrared polarization detection in the current target infrared polarization characteristic detection.
Therefore, in order to overcome the defects, the existing time-sharing infrared polarization detection technology needs to be improved, so that the infrared polarization detection technology can measure the infrared polarization information of a moving target scene on the basis of the advantages of reduced energy attenuation and high extinction ratio, and the measurement result has real-time performance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing an infrared polarization imaging measuring device based on a rotating polaroid, aiming at the defect that the existing time-sharing infrared polarization detection technology is only suitable for infrared polarization imaging detection of a static target.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides an infrared polarization imaging measuring device based on a rotating polaroid, which comprises an infrared optical lens, a multi-direction polarizing unit, an infrared focal plane detector and a control unit,
the infrared optical lens adjusts the polarized light of the target scene to obtain a detection light beam; the multi-direction polarizing unit obtains polarized light beams in different polarizing directions by changing the polarizing direction of the detection light beam; the infrared focal plane detector images the polarized light beams in different polarization directions to obtain and output infrared intensity images of the polarized light beams in different polarization directions;
the control unit is used for controlling the multi-direction polarizing unit to sequentially convert the polarizing directions, so that the infrared focal plane detector can obtain infrared intensity images of polarized light beams in different polarizing directions corresponding to the sequentially converted polarizing directions at a preset frame rate.
In the infrared polarization imaging measuring device based on the rotary polaroid, the multi-direction polarizing unit comprises a polaroid wheel, a servo motor, a motor gear shaft, a polaroid gear shaft, a plurality of polaroids and an encoder,
the servo motor drives the rotating shaft of the polarizer wheel to rotate through the motor gear shaft and the polarizer gear shaft in sequence under the control of the control unit, so that the polarizer wheel is driven to rotate; the plurality of polarizing plates are uniformly distributed on the polarizing plate wheel along the circumferential direction; the encoder is connected with the rotating shaft of the polarizer wheel through an elastic coupling.
In the infrared polarization imaging measuring device based on the rotating polarizing plates, the plurality of polarizing plates comprise three polarizing plates, and the three polarizing plates are arranged on the polarizing plate wheel in a manner that:
the included angles between the 0-degree direction of the grating of the three polaroids and the spatial reference coordinate axis are respectively 0 degree, 60 degrees and 120 degrees.
In the infrared polarization imaging measurement device based on the rotating polaroid, the polaroid comprises a metal wire grid type polaroid, and the effective wavelength range of the polaroid is 3-12 mu m.
In the infrared polarization imaging measuring device based on the rotating polaroid, the servo motor enables the working rotating speed of the polaroid wheel to be at least 50 r/s.
In the infrared polarization imaging measuring device based on the rotating polarizer, the polarizer wheel is of a disc structure, and the polarizer wheel is provided with a mounting opening of the polarizer.
In the infrared polarization imaging measuring device based on the rotating polarizer, the measuring device further comprises an image processing unit,
the image processing unit is used for processing the infrared intensity image, so that the infrared intensity images of the three polarized light beams with different polarization directions obtained by the infrared focal plane detector are correspondingly converted into the infrared polarization image of the target scene every time the polarizer wheel rotates for a circle.
In the infrared polarization imaging measuring device based on the rotating polaroid, the control unit is used for controlling the servo motor to operate, so that the polaroids are switched sequentially at a preset frequency.
In the infrared polarization imaging measuring device based on the rotating polaroid, the measuring device further comprises a box body, and the box body provides installation positions for an infrared optical lens, a multi-direction polarizing unit and an infrared focal plane detector; and a Camera Link interface for outputting an infrared intensity image is arranged on the box body.
The infrared polarization imaging measuring device based on the rotating polaroid has the following beneficial effects: the invention is improved on the basis of the existing time-sharing infrared polarization imaging technology, polarization information of a target scene is subjected to polarization detection filtering through the multidirectional polarizing unit, meanwhile, the multidirectional polarizing unit can periodically and sequentially convert different polarizing directions through the control unit, and the conversion rate of the multidirectional polarizing unit meets the requirement of a preset frame rate. The invention achieves the effect of the near-simultaneous infrared polarization imaging technology by controlling the polarization direction conversion speed, thereby having the advantages of the time-sharing infrared polarization imaging technology, being capable of being used for measuring moving or changing target scenes and being a significant breakthrough in the field of infrared polarization imaging measurement.
The method has the advantages of real-time measurement, small energy attenuation, high extinction ratio and capability of realizing rapid and accurate measurement of the infrared polarization image of the moving target scene.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an exemplary block diagram of a rotating polarizer-based infrared polarization imaging measurement device according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an exemplary block diagram of a rotating polarizer-based infrared polarization imaging measurement device according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an exemplary block diagram of a multi-directional polarizing unit according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is an exemplary schematic diagram of a polarizer mounting position according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an exemplary diagram of the outer dimensions of a polarizer wheel and polarizer according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is an exemplary block diagram of a housing according to the present invention;
fig. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of the layout of the rear panel of the cabinet according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
In a first embodiment, a first aspect of the present invention provides an infrared polarization imaging measurement apparatus based on a rotating polarizer, which is shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, and includes an infrared optical lens 100, a multi-directional polarizing unit 200, an infrared focal plane detector 300, and a control unit 400, where the infrared optical lens 100 adjusts polarized light of a target scene to obtain a detection beam; the multi-direction polarizing unit 200 obtains polarized light beams in different polarizing directions by changing the polarizing direction of the probe light beam; the infrared focal plane detector 300 images the polarized light beams in different polarization directions to obtain and output infrared intensity images of the polarized light beams in different polarization directions;
the control unit 400 is configured to control the multi-directional polarizing unit 200 to sequentially transform the polarizing directions, so that the infrared focal plane detector 300 can obtain the infrared intensity images of the polarized light beams in different polarizing directions corresponding to the sequentially transformed polarizing directions at a predetermined frame rate.
In this embodiment, an optical path structure of infrared polarization imaging is established, and an infrared intensity image of a target scene is obtained at an entrance pupil of the infrared focal plane detector 300 through different polarization directions corresponding to the multi-directional polarization unit 200. The multi-directional polarizing unit 200 changes the polarizing direction of the light beam corresponding to the entrance pupil of the infrared focal plane detector 300 under the control of the control unit 400, and when the rate of the change of the polarizing direction is high enough, the plurality of infrared intensity images obtained by the infrared focal plane detector 300 can be regarded as equivalent to the target infrared intensity images obtained at the same time in the simultaneous infrared polarization imaging in each conversion period. And a plurality of infrared intensity images obtained in one conversion period can be processed subsequently, and an infrared polarization image of the target scene is obtained through calculation.
The infrared optical lens 100 is used to converge polarized light of a target scene so that a sharp image can be obtained on the infrared focal plane detector 300.
By way of example, the infrared focal plane detector 300 may alternatively be a 640 x 512 medium wave infrared focal plane detector.
As an example, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the multi-directional polarizing unit 200 includes a polarizer wheel 210, a servo motor 220, a motor gear shaft 230, a polarizer gear shaft 240, a plurality of polarizers 250, and an encoder 260,
the servo motor 220 drives the rotating shaft of the polarizer wheel 210 to rotate through the motor gear shaft 230 and the polarizer gear shaft 240 in sequence under the control of the control unit 400, so as to drive the polarizer wheel 210 to rotate; the plurality of polarizers 250 are uniformly distributed on the polarizer wheel 210 in the circumferential direction; the encoder 260 is connected to the rotation shaft of the polarization plate wheel 210 by an elastic coupling.
In the present embodiment, the servo motor 220 is used to drive the polarizer wheel 210 to rotate, and considering that the polarizer wheel 210 has a large size and a large rotational inertia, the motor shaft and the polarizer wheel shaft are connected through a gear train to increase the driving torque. The polarizer 250 is used for analyzing and filtering target and background radiation; the encoder 260 is used to measure the rotation angle of the polarizer wheel 210 in real time to ensure the polarizer wheel 210 is accurately positioned.
As can be seen from fig. 2, the light beam adjusted by the infrared optical lens 100 corresponds to a position of one polarizer 250 on the multi-directional polarizing unit 200, and the entrance pupil of the infrared focal plane detector 300 further corresponds to a light exit position of the polarizer 250. The polarization channels arranged on the polarization wheel 210 are selected under the control of the servo motor 220, and when the polarization wheel 210 rotates under the drive of the servo motor 220, the plurality of polarization plates 250 periodically and alternately correspond to the infrared optical lens 100, so that the automatic switching of the plurality of polarization plates 250 in an electric control mode is realized, and the infrared focal plane detector 300 obtains infrared intensity images of polarized light beams in different polarization directions. Wherein the number of the polarizing plates 250 can be selected according to the actual use requirement. An infrared polarization image of the target scene can be obtained by performing calculations based on the infrared intensity images of the polarizer wheel 210 corresponding to different polarizers 250 in one rotation period. The infrared polarization image of the target scene can obtain the radiation intensity information of the target scene, and can also obtain polarization parameters such as polarization degree, polarization angle and the like.
As an example, the plurality of polarizing plates 250 includes three polarizing plates 250, and the three polarizing plates 250 are mounted on the polarizing plate wheel 210 in a manner including:
the angles between the 0 ° direction of the grating of the three polarizers 250 and the spatial reference coordinate axis are 0 °, 60 ° and 120 °, respectively.
In this embodiment, three polarizing plates are selectively mounted on the polarizing plate wheel 210, that is, three infrared intensity images can be obtained in one rotation period of the polarizing plate wheel 210, and finally, calculation is performed according to the three infrared intensity images to obtain an infrared polarization image of a target scene.
The effective clear aperture of the polarizer 250 needs to be larger than the total pixel size of the infrared focal plane detector 300.
As an example, the polarizer 250 includes a wire grid type polarizer, and an effective wavelength range thereof is 3 to 12 μm.
The metal wire grid type polaroid comprises three CaFs with the same specification2The metal wire grid type polarizer has a transmittance of more than 80% and an extinction ratio of 300: 1. Mounting on a polarizer wheel 210 in conjunction with FIG. 4As shown, the 0 ° direction 241 of the three polarizer gratings is at 0 °, 60 ° and 120 ° to the corresponding reference coordinate axis 242, respectively.
Further, the servo motor 220 can make the rotation speed of the polarizer wheel 210 at least 50 r/s.
In this embodiment, the rotation speed of the polarizer wheel 210 is limited to meet the requirement of the infrared focal plane detector 300 for a predetermined frame rate. Since the effect of the near-simultaneous infrared polarization technique is achieved in the present disclosure, only when the predetermined imaging frame rate meets a certain requirement, the infrared intensity image obtained in one rotation period of the polarizer wheel 210 can be synthesized into an infrared polarization image of a target scene with negligible time difference. When the working rotating speed of the polarizer wheel 210 is 50r/s, the predetermined frame rate of the infrared focal plane detector 300 can reach 150 frames/s, and the infrared polarization detection requirement of most moving targets is met.
The method specifically comprises the following steps: after each polarizer on the polarizer wheel 210 rotates in place, the infrared focal plane detector starts to collect infrared images at a frame frequency of 150fps, and after the current image collection is completed, the polarizer rotates to the next measurement position, and so on.
As an example, referring to fig. 5, the polarizer wheel 210 is a disk structure, the outer diameter of the polarizer wheel may be 90mm as required, and the polarizer wheel 210 is provided with an installation opening of the polarizer 250.
In this embodiment, the polarizer wheel 210 is disposed at the front end of the infrared focal plane detector 300, the mounting opening of the polarizer wheel is used to provide polarizer mounting positions of 0 °, 60 °, and 120 ° in different polarization directions, and the servo motor 220 rotates at a high speed to drive the polarizer wheel 210 to rotate, so as to measure radiance images of a target scene in different polarization directions.
Further, as shown in fig. 5, the diameter of the polarizer 250 can be selected to be 28mm according to the requirement, and the clear aperture is correspondingly selected to be 25.4 mm.
In this embodiment, the outer diameter of the polarizer wheel 210 may be 90mm, and three polarizer mounting positions having different polarization directions and diameters of 28mm are provided. The clear aperture is 25.4mm, which is larger than the total pixel size of the infrared focal plane detector 300, and does not block the light path, as shown in fig. 5.
Further, as shown in fig. 1, the measuring apparatus further includes an image processing unit 500,
the image processing unit 500 is configured to process the infrared intensity image, so that the infrared intensity images of the three polarized light beams with different polarization directions obtained by the infrared focal plane detector 300 are correspondingly converted into an infrared polarization image of the target scene every time the polarizer wheel 210 rotates for one circle.
The image processing unit 500 can calculate the infrared polarization information of the target scene by using the polarization calculation formulas of the three polarization directions. When the working rotating speed of the polarizer wheel 210 is at least 50r/s, the polarization frame frequency of the infrared polarization image output by the image processing unit 500 can reach 50 polarization frames/second at least.
As an example, the polarization calculation formula adopted by the image processing unit 500 includes:
in the formula, I ' (0 °) is a radiation brightness value of the infrared intensity image obtained by the infrared focal plane detector 300 when corresponding to the 0 ° polarization direction, I ' (60 °) is a radiation brightness value of the infrared intensity image obtained by the infrared focal plane detector 300 when corresponding to the 60 ° polarization direction, and I ' (120 °) is a radiation brightness value of the infrared intensity image obtained by the infrared focal plane detector 300 when corresponding to the 120 ° polarization direction; i is the total intensity of the polarized light of the target scene, Q is the difference between the horizontal polarized light intensity and the vertical polarized light intensity of the target scene, and U is the difference between the polarized light intensities forming an included angle of +/-45 degrees with the reference coordinate axis.
S ═ I, Q, U Stokes vector S for representing polarization state of target scene can be obtained by the formula]TAccording to the relationship between the stokes vector and the degree of polarization DoP and the polarization angle AoP, an infrared polarization degree image and an infrared polarization angle image of the target scene can be obtained:
in this embodiment, the number of the infrared polarization images finally output by the image processing unit 500 can reach a polarization frame rate of 50fps at the minimum, and the infrared polarization detection requirements of most moving targets can be met.
The invention improves the imaging speed of time-sharing infrared polarization imaging; the speed of obtaining the infrared polarization image is at least 5 times of that of the prior art; and has the advantages of simple structure, portability, convenience and quick adjustment.
Further, the control unit 400 is configured to control the operation of the servo motor 220, so that the polarizing plates 250 are sequentially switched at a predetermined frequency.
The predetermined switching frequency of the polarizer 250 determines a predetermined frame rate of the infrared focal plane detector 300, and after the predetermined frame rate is determined according to actual requirements, the control unit 400 can control the operation of the servo motor 220, so that the rotation speed of the polarizer wheel 210 meets the predetermined switching frequency of the polarizer 250.
The time-sharing infrared polarization imaging system has the infrared imaging processing capacity with high frame frequency, can synchronize the selection of polarization direction and image acquisition, improves the sampling speed of the existing time-sharing infrared polarization imaging system, and solves the problem of rapid measurement of infrared polarization imaging of a moving target scene.
Further, as shown in fig. 6 and 7, the measuring apparatus further includes a box body, which provides mounting positions for the infrared optical lens 100, the multi-directional polarizing unit 200, and the infrared focal plane detector 300; and a Camera Link interface for outputting an infrared intensity image is arranged on the box body.
As shown in fig. 6, the box body can provide a mounting and positioning basis and a working window required by an optical system for each component of the measuring device, and can play an important role in protection. Can be on the box front panel to infrared focal plane detector 300's work demand design window all the way for infrared optical lens 100's location installation, the window can be designed into independent module, with easily installation change, thereby satisfies actual environment's under the different conditions user demand. Four support lugs can be arranged on the bottom plate of the box body and used for realizing the installation and connection with other platforms.
Referring to fig. 7, a power switch and a power indicator may be disposed on the rear panel of the box body, for controlling the power on/off and displaying the current operating state of the system, for example, the power switch may be a power switch button, and the power indicator may be a power indicator, such as a power LED indicator. Furthermore, a corresponding interface connector may be provided on the casing to bring out the communication and power supply interface, which may include:
a Camera Link interface for outputting infrared image data; an aviation plug interface for transmitting motor control and status feedback signals; and the 220V alternating current power supply interface is used for supplying power to the equipment.
In conclusion, the method can be used for real-time measurement of the infrared polarization information of the target scene, has good stability and strong controllability, and can be used as a powerful tool in the application fields of space target detection, maritime search and rescue, target detection and identification and the like.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. An infrared polarization imaging measurement device based on a rotating polaroid is characterized by comprising an infrared optical lens (100), a multidirectional polarizing unit (200), an infrared focal plane detector (300) and a control unit (400),
the infrared optical lens (100) adjusts the polarized light of a target scene to obtain a detection light beam; the multi-direction polarizing unit (200) obtains polarized light beams in different polarizing directions by changing the polarizing direction of the detection light beam; the infrared focal plane detector (300) images the polarized light beams in different polarization directions to obtain and output infrared intensity images of the polarized light beams in different polarization directions;
the control unit (400) is used for controlling the multi-direction polarizing unit (200) to sequentially convert the polarizing directions, so that the infrared focal plane detector (300) can obtain infrared intensity images of polarized light beams in different polarizing directions corresponding to the sequentially converted polarizing directions at a preset frame rate;
the multi-direction polarizing unit (200) comprises a polarizer wheel (210), a servo motor (220), a motor gear shaft (230), a polarizer gear shaft (240), a plurality of polarizers (250) and an encoder (260),
the servo motor (220) drives the rotating shaft of the polarizer wheel (210) to rotate sequentially through the motor gear shaft (230) and the polarizer gear shaft (240) under the control of the control unit (400), so that the polarizer wheel (210) is driven to rotate, and the servo motor (220) enables the working rotating speed of the polarizer wheel (210) to be at least 50 r/s; the polarizing plates (250) are uniformly distributed on the polarizing plate wheel (210) along the circumferential direction; the encoder (260) is connected with the rotating shaft of the polarizer wheel (210) through an elastic coupling; the polarizing plate wheel (210) is of a disc structure, and an installation opening of the polarizing plate (250) is formed in the polarizing plate wheel (210);
the plurality of polarizing plates (250) include three polarizing plates (250), and the three polarizing plates (250) are mounted on the polarizing plate wheel (210) in a manner including:
the included angles between the grating 0-degree direction of the three polarizing plates (250) and the spatial reference coordinate axis are respectively 0 degree, 60 degrees and 120 degrees;
the control unit (400) is used for controlling the servo motor (220) to operate, so that the polaroids (250) are switched sequentially at a preset frequency;
the measuring device further comprises an image processing unit (500),
the image processing unit (500) is used for processing the infrared intensity image, so that the infrared intensity images of the three polarized light beams with different polarization directions obtained by the infrared focal plane detector (300) are correspondingly converted into the infrared polarization image of the target scene every time the polarizer wheel (210) rotates for a circle;
the image processing unit (500) employs a polarization calculation formula including:
in the formula, when I ' (0 degree) is corresponding to the 0 degree deviation direction, the radiant brightness value of the infrared intensity image obtained by the infrared focal plane detector (300), when I ' (60 degree) is corresponding to the 60 degree deviation direction, the radiant brightness value of the infrared intensity image obtained by the infrared focal plane detector (300), and when I ' (120 degree) is corresponding to the 120 degree deviation direction, the radiant brightness value of the infrared intensity image obtained by the infrared focal plane detector (300); i is the total intensity of the polarized light of the target scene, Q is the difference between the horizontal polarized light intensity and the vertical polarized light intensity of the target scene, and U is the difference between the polarized light intensities forming an included angle of +/-45 degrees with the reference coordinate axis;
the Stokes vector S for representing the polarization state of the target scene is obtained by the formula: s ═ I, Q, U]TAnd acquiring an infrared polarization degree image and an infrared polarization angle image of the target scene according to the relation between the Stokes vector and the polarization degree DoP and the polarization angle AoP:
the measuring device also comprises a box body, and the box body provides installation positions for the infrared optical lens (100), the multidirectional polarizing unit (200) and the infrared focal plane detector (300); and a Camera Link interface for outputting an infrared intensity image is arranged on the box body.
2. The rotating polarizer-based infrared polarization imaging measurement device according to claim 1, wherein the polarizer (250) comprises a wire grid polarizer with an effective wavelength range of 3 to 12 μm.
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| CN110440926B (en) * | 2019-08-13 | 2020-11-13 | 北京环境特性研究所 | Time-sharing infrared polarization imaging device and method for dynamic target measurement |
| CN111667519B (en) * | 2020-06-05 | 2023-06-20 | 北京环境特性研究所 | Registration method and device for polarized images with different fields of view |
| CN113055566A (en) * | 2021-02-23 | 2021-06-29 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Rapid polarization imaging device and method based on time-sharing method |
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