CN109631981A - The moisture storage capacity change in time and space and water balance monitoring method of a set of peat bog - Google Patents
The moisture storage capacity change in time and space and water balance monitoring method of a set of peat bog Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109631981A CN109631981A CN201810225197.7A CN201810225197A CN109631981A CN 109631981 A CN109631981 A CN 109631981A CN 201810225197 A CN201810225197 A CN 201810225197A CN 109631981 A CN109631981 A CN 109631981A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- peat
- point
- underground
- observation point
- bog
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
- G01D21/02—Measuring two or more variables by means not covered by a single other subclass
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/02—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness
- G01B21/08—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness for measuring thickness
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N13/00—Investigating surface or boundary effects, e.g. wetting power; Investigating diffusion effects; Analysing materials by determining surface, boundary, or diffusion effects
- G01N13/04—Investigating osmotic effects
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01W—METEOROLOGY
- G01W1/00—Meteorology
- G01W1/14—Rainfall or precipitation gauges
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Atmospheric Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Testing Or Calibration Of Command Recording Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses the moisture storage capacity change in time and space of a set of peat bog and water balance monitoring method, mainly apply to environmental project, Plateau Wetland, peat bog field measurement technical field.Present invention mainly solves be for a long time can not be to the field measurement problem of underground water hydrographic features various in the peat horizon of Plateau Wetland.Technical way is order of placement, method for arranging and the monitoring data by " peat horizon detecting thickness point (1), underground flood peak observation point (2), in groups underground water variation tendency line observation point (3), self recording level meter layout points (4), break (5) " totally 5 kinds of points and this 5 kinds of points, the field monitoring method being adapted with the moisture storage capacity change in time and space of peat bog and water balance has been invented, has realized the comprehensive monitoring on small watershed scale to the underground water water storage quantitative change of peat bog.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to environmental projects, the field measurement technical field of Plateau Wetland, peat bog.
Background technique
Peat bog is important " reservoir ", wherein the water resource contained is the most pass that animals and plants depend on for existence on wetland
Key element, while being also the main water recharging in surrounding river.It is more for having contained in the peat bog of small watershed scale actually
Few water, this is always problem popular on Wetland Science, does not have but one to allow what Most scholars accepted to answer so far
Case, among these the main reason for have it is following:
1, peat bog spatial distribution is discontinuous, and thickness change does not have evident regularity.It is common with a thickness of 1-3m, but evidence
Investigation, some places but can achieve 10m or more.Therefore, if measuring the thickness of peat bog on a piece of basin, centainly
Field survey is removed, at least also to guarantee the scale for reaching middle small watershed.
2, the moisture storage capacity of peat bog not fully depends on peat thickness, also by the physical property of peat horizon, underground
The height of water level and its directly affecting for variation are mainly shown as the variation and its complexity of three-dimensional space, so in measurement one
Surely to guarantee to angle, long-term, large area, to determine that data have a generality, and this just need to put into a large amount of manpower,
Material resources, if the firsthand data of a large amount of and valuable peat bogs will can be obtained with good observation method.
3, there is the movable trace of the mankind above the peat bog having, be specifically exactly there are artificial tunnel, to the piece mud
Charcoal marsh has carried out draining drainage, and this kind of disturbances influences greatly, either on the time still the moisture storage capacity of peat bog
Spatially, so how to distinguish with the influence of artificial tunnel and natural gully to the piece peat bog on a piece of peat bog
It is also a problem.
Current technology means and monitoring method are all that the survey of single element is carried out with the finished tool of various companies production
Amount, does not carry out the long term monitoring of more hydrographic features systematically to the peat bog of a small watershed scale, such as single to river
Stream carries out water detection, single to be observed to rainfall, single acquisition landform, geological conditions etc..If can systematically grasp
The peat bog of field locations small watershed scale is various in the peat horizon in " flush period and non-flush period in a water year "
The change in time and space and water balance of hydrologic process and moisture storage capacity, will for the water storage mechanism and atrophy mechanism that recognize peat bog
With highly important scientific meaning.So the moisture storage capacity change in time and space and water balance to peat bog carry out field monitoring
(especially natural conditions severe, unfrequented Three River Sources areas), and invention be adapted therewith and the monitoring method of system just
Even more important, this is also the most basic step for solving the underground water relevant issues of peat bog.
Summary of the invention
The problem to be solved in the present invention is:
1, peat horizon detecting thickness point, underground flood peak observation point, in groups underground water variation tendency line observation point, certainly note water level
Count layout points, break, totally 5 kinds of points are layouted.
2, apparatus selection, tool making, instrument after observation point is selected set up, measure, data are analyzed.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is that:
1, the several representative peat bog regions of initial option on remote sensing image should have between these regions basic
Then transportation condition goes to and carries out further investigation selection on the spot, finally determines a more closed peat bog region
(the hereinafter referred to as area A).
2, topographic survey is first carried out in the area A, the instrument used has differential GPS, total station, unmanned plane topographical scan group
Part.The trend in river, gully, reselection observation point are first analyzed after acquisition topographic map.
3, peat horizon detecting thickness point is selected in the area A, and is drilled.Peat horizon detecting thickness point is needed with uniformly minute
Premised on cloth, sensing point (such as foot of the hill, the gully for having leaked out argillic horizon, without vegetation at) will be arranged in extreme terrain more, finally use
Homemade tool and soil sample collector are drilled to the peat horizon in the area A and (at least to punch peat horizon), determine the peat in the area A
Thickness degree.
4, the selection and instrument layout that underground flood peak observation point is carried out in the area A work.Underground flood peak observation point need with
Peat layer thickness profile situation is to change at uniform position, layout to change relatively far apart according to reconnaissance is carried out
Many places are then carried out at violent position to layout, and the single (ground by gully, river of intensively layouting is taken by gully, river
Lower head decline is more, needs the measurement pipe using different depth sometimes).Acquisition for underground flood peak, to carry out long period
Measurement, need core position arrange self recording level meter, core position be usually ground have rises, have gully formed mark
As place, downstream river course exit, the area A center.
5, the selection and instrument layout that break is carried out in the area A work.Break arrangement instrument be self manufacture,
The osmos tube of controllable length, the length of osmos tube depend on the height of underground flood peak.If underground water head height, osmos tube
It is shorter, it is on the contrary then longer.The arrangement of break follows the principle being evenly arranged, and particular location can increase osmos tube.Due to seeping
Slow through Cheng Shifen, the time interval of measurement is preferable at two hours or more.
6, pluviograph is set up in the area A and monitors rainfall, and evapotranspiration instrument monitors the evapotranspiration of earth's surface.
The moisture storage capacity change in time and space of this set peat bog and the specific requirement of water balance monitoring method are as follows, it is at least wrapped
Include peat bog area determination method, a kind of topographic survey method, a kind of underground flood peak monitoring side on a kind of small watershed scale
Method, a kind of permeability monitoring method.Monitoring method implementation steps are as follows: 1. determine the position of representative peat bog.②
Obtain the topographic map of peat bog at this.3. the probing of peat horizon thickness and its distribution measures.4. the cloth of underground flood peak observation point
It sets and measures.5. the arrangement and measurement of break.6. the arrangement of rainfall, evaporation capacity pertinent instruments.
Acquisition for landform has to measure on the spot, light be by remote sensing image precision be it is inadequate, measurement
Mode can be selected voluntarily, be ok using aerial survey of unmanned aerial vehicle either differential GPS, height accuracy guarantees within 0.5m.Peat
The probing of layer depends on manual or automatic punching press and bores, and the measurement of depth must be accurate, and the pertinent instruments that can be used have soil
Sampler.The monitoring of underground flood peak observation point need to arrange self recording level meter on a small quantity, and main tool is that self manufacture is with steel pipe
The head pipe of equidistant hole is had in main body, side.The main observation tool of break is self manufacture, based on steel pipe,
One end clogs and has the osmos tube in 4 round holes.Rainfall gauge can be selected voluntarily with evapotranspiration instrument.
The present invention has the advantage that by the exploration of 2-3 field on the spot, extremely to the peat bog of representative small watershed
It is few that measurement is needed to obtain landform, peat horizon thickness, underground flood peak, multiple flush periods of 4 parts of permeability and non-flush period
Measurement data could obtain the moisture storage capacity change in time and space and water balance related data of peat bog.It is only used in this method
Minimal amount of robot (this quasi-instrument is generally expensive, and it is poor to fight extreme weather effect), the head largely used
Pipe, osmos tube are all nigh county, township, town acquisition, and required manufacturing process can be completed in general hardware store,
At low cost, fabrication cycle is short.The reconnaissance methodological science of whole region is reasonable and workload is small, and survey crew at most 5 people can be complete
The work such as topographical scan, peat thickness measure, underground flood peak measurement, the permeability survey of the pairs of piece peat bog.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the position view of small watershed scale peat bog of the invention.
Fig. 2 is peat bog point arrangement schematic diagram of the invention (all kinds of observation point distribution map).
Fig. 3 is the variation tendency line observation point schematic diagram of underground water in groups of the invention.
Description of symbols: 1- peat horizon detecting thickness point, 2- underground flood peak observation point, 3- underground water variation tendency in groups
Line observation point, 4- self recording level meter layout points, 5- break.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail with example with reference to the accompanying drawing.
The main object that the present invention monitors is underground water, mainly includes 1- peat horizon detecting thickness point, and 2- underground flood peak is seen
Measuring point, 3- underground water variation tendency line observation point in groups, 4- self recording level meter layout points, 5- break, totally 5 kinds of points.
Choosing for peat bog position should be first as shown in Figure 1, first choose on the remote sensing image of large scale, then gradually
Subdivision screening, finally determines that several places are separated by closer muskeg (maximum distance is no more than range of driving half a day), arrives at this time real
Ground is further investigated, the peat bog observed needed for can finally determining.Peat bog on the piece small watershed scale
Damp (hereinafter referred to as marsh A) needs stronger representativeness, can be very good the underground water rule for embodying surrounding area, this is just
It is closed it is required that choosing three side sealing, goes out the semiclosed basin of stream on one side.
Determine and start behind peat bog region to carry out topographical scan, multiple types of tools can be used in this step, as differential GPS,
Unmanned plane, total station etc..Terrain data can use corresponding the poster processing soft (such as ArcGIS, ENVI) after obtaining
The three-dimensional land map of marsh A is produced, then starts successively to carry out Discussion on distribution to 5 kinds of points, steps are as follows:
1. the laying of peat horizon detecting thickness point.Distribution of the peat thickness in the basin A of marsh is simultaneously uneven, considers first
Be gully, the peat layer status at river, it is usually closeer when layouting；It secondly is foot of the hill joining place, this is because there may be
Landslide changes the peat horizon at this irregular；It is finally the common landform on the A of marsh, can carries out sparse but between waiting
Every sensing point distribution.
2. the distribution of underground flood peak observation point.After obtaining the peat thickness distribution of marsh A, pass through head observation point
The length of the head pipe of used self manufacture can determine.Head observation point should be with minute of peat horizon detecting thickness point
Based on cloth, the connection between each point is further encrypted.With the laying of peat horizon detecting thickness point, extreme terrain needs spy
It is different to handle, it to layout along foot of the hill line at the foot of the hill；Gully, river will be along Cheng Budian；Earth's surface rises can then skip, and be not necessarily to cloth
Point.Point can squeeze into homemade head pipe after determining.
3. the laying of underground water variation tendency line observation point in groups.Lower head by gully, river in addition to being arranged along journey
Observation point, it is also necessary to perpendicular to the arrangement for the variation tendency line observation point of underground water in groups that gully, river are vertically arranged.
As shown in figure 3,1 group has 5 to (AP1 and A1 be a pair of, and so on) head pipe, point-blank, the straight line is perpendicular to ditch
Gully, river.In peat bog, because the presence in gully, river can make near underground flood peak decline rapidly, the shape in gully
It is either directly entered in river at weep, it is therefore necessary to which vertical river carries out underground water variation tendency line observation point in groups
Arrangement, accurate underground flood peak Trendline could be obtained.
4. the laying of self recording level meter.After above 3 points arrange, the approximate region division of marsh A is also just completed,
A self recording level meter, which (can be used the product of all kinds of companies, meet observation condition i.e., to be arranged to each regional center at this time
Can), it then needs to arranging one at each gully, river remittance, finally arranges one in the exit in basin.From
Remember that water-level gauge is generally expensive and easy to be lost, therefore need to arrange with caution.
5. the distribution of break.The length of osmos tube only head pipe measurement in obtain underground flood peak distribution situation it
It just can determine that afterwards.Break is the most point of arrangement, using the osmos tube of self manufacture, and it is real by a large amount of field
Ground test, has obtained every 200m2Arrange that an osmos tube can be obtained the underground water spatial distribution of enough accuracy.Point determines
Homemade osmos tube can be squeezed into later.
6. the arrangement of pluviograph and evapotranspiration instrument.It at least needs to arrange 4 points, forms square, and to combine
This area's predominant wind, square diagonal line are straight line where predominant wind.
In above step, 1. step cannot be overturned to the sequence of step 5., because latter step requires the data of back
It supports, 6. step can be adjusted voluntarily, all kinds of points can be carried out relevant measurement after arranging.
After 4. the exit of marsh A arranges self recording level meter according to step, it is also necessary to river cross-section herein into
Row measurement, establishes a field inspection flow website with this.The mean flow rate in this section of face, then land used are first measured using current meter
It is lauched the point depth of water in self recording level meter measuring section face somewhere, is integrated in conjunction with the cross-section of river, obtains outflow-depth of water relational expression.It
Afterwards obtained stream can be utilized according to the depth of water in the main stem that the self recording level meter installed at this continuously measures
Amount-depth of water relational expression calculates basin and exports corresponding run-off.
Certainly, above is specific application example of the invention, and there are other embodiments of the invention, all using equivalent
The technical solution that replacement or equivalent transformation are formed, all falls within protection scope of the presently claimed invention.
Claims (7)
1. the moisture storage capacity change in time and space of a set of peat bog and water balance monitoring method, it is characterised in that: according to the cloth of regulation
Dot sequency to the small watershed peat bog region of some quasi- monitoring, arrangement peat horizon detecting thickness point, underground flood peak observation point, at
Groundwater change Trendline observation point, self recording level meter layout points, break are organized, totally 5 kinds of points and instrument.
2. peat horizon detecting thickness point according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: point bit distribution first have to consider gully,
Secondly the tendency in river is the trend of foot of the hill line, remaining common landform is using sparse but equidistant sensing point distribution.It uses
Sensing point drilling equipment can nearest self manufacture.
3. underground flood peak observation point according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: position of layouting is with peat horizon detecting thickness point
Distribution based on, to layout along foot of the hill line at the foot of the hill；Gully, river will be along Cheng Budian；It can then be skipped at underground water exposure,
Without layouting.The head pipe used is the self manufacture tool that equidistant hole is had based on steel pipe, on side, can also root
Different, the similar tool of self manufacture according to peat depth.
4. the variation tendency of underground water in groups line observation point according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: every group has 5 pairs of heads
Pipe, point-blank, the straight line is perpendicular to gully or river.
5. self recording level meter layout points according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: based on claim 2, claim 3,
Region division is completed in three kinds of points that claim 4 is set up, the small watershed of peat bog, arranges one to each regional center
Self recording level meter (time interval of settable data record), then each gully, one is arranged at river remittance, finally exist
The exit in basin arranges one.The product (such as HOBO) that all kinds of companies can be used, meets observation condition.
6. break according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the length of osmos tube only obtains in the measurement of head pipe
It just can determine that after underground flood peak distribution situation, every 200m2Arrange that an osmos tube, osmos tube are based on steel pipe, one
The tool of the self manufacture in 4 round holes is lived and had to end plug, can also be with the similar tool of self manufacture.
7. cloth dot sequency as defined according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: first arrange peat horizon detecting thickness point, then
It arranges underground flood peak observation point, then arranges groundwater change Trendline observation point in groups, then arrange self recording level meter layout points, most
After arrange break.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810225197.7A CN109631981A (en) | 2018-03-19 | 2018-03-19 | The moisture storage capacity change in time and space and water balance monitoring method of a set of peat bog |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810225197.7A CN109631981A (en) | 2018-03-19 | 2018-03-19 | The moisture storage capacity change in time and space and water balance monitoring method of a set of peat bog |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN109631981A true CN109631981A (en) | 2019-04-16 |
Family
ID=66066272
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810225197.7A Pending CN109631981A (en) | 2018-03-19 | 2018-03-19 | The moisture storage capacity change in time and space and water balance monitoring method of a set of peat bog |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN109631981A (en) |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102564676A (en) * | 2012-02-12 | 2012-07-11 | 吉林大学 | Penetrating-stretching type pore water pressure measurement device and measurement method thereof |
| CN104006716A (en) * | 2014-05-12 | 2014-08-27 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Peat thickness surveying tool |
| CN105606336A (en) * | 2015-09-01 | 2016-05-25 | 中国地质大学（北京） | Method for determining position of salt-fresh water interface in coastal zone with fresh water zone satisfying Dupuit assumption |
-
2018
- 2018-03-19 CN CN201810225197.7A patent/CN109631981A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102564676A (en) * | 2012-02-12 | 2012-07-11 | 吉林大学 | Penetrating-stretching type pore water pressure measurement device and measurement method thereof |
| CN104006716A (en) * | 2014-05-12 | 2014-08-27 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Peat thickness surveying tool |
| CN105606336A (en) * | 2015-09-01 | 2016-05-25 | 中国地质大学（北京） | Method for determining position of salt-fresh water interface in coastal zone with fresh water zone satisfying Dupuit assumption |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| ANDREW S. FISHER，ET.AL: "EFFECTS OF DRAINAGE DITCHES ON VEGETATION PATTERNS IN ABANDONED AGRICULTURAL PEATLANDS IN CENTRAL NEW YORK", 《THE SOCIETY OF WETLAND SCIENTISTS》 * |
| 文丰: "日本的泥炭地概况及芬兰的泥炭考察方法", 《地理科学》 * |
| 杜尧 等: "潜流带水文－生物地球化学：原理、方法及其生态意义", 《地球科学》 * |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN106846475B (en) | A kind of river historical Appearance digital restoration method | |
| Holmlund et al. | A re-analysis of the 58 year mass-balance record of Storglaciären, Sweden | |
| Coes et al. | Multiple-method estimation of recharge rates at diverse locations in the North Carolina Coastal Plain, USA | |
| Jeannin et al. | Speleological investigations | |
| CN110874976B (en) | Method for simulating dynamic state of underground water of karst big spring | |
| Lide et al. | Direct measurement of glacier thinning on the southern Tibetan Plateau (Gurenhekou, Kangwure and Naimona’Nyi glaciers) | |
| Zhang et al. | Quantification of river bank erosion by RTK GPS monitoring: case studies along the Ningxia-Inner Mongolia reaches of the Yellow River, China | |
| CN102565303B (en) | Fast monitoring method for headward erosion rate of gully head | |
| CN106645639B (en) | Observation device and method for quantitatively measuring moisture supply amount from sand dune to inter-dune land | |
| Huang et al. | Catchment natural driving factors and prediction of baseflow index for Continental United States based on Random Forest technique | |
| CN106248038B (en) | The method that landslide surface inclination angle is converted into displacement | |
| AU2018102051A4 (en) | Method for digital restoration of historic morphology of river | |
| CN109631981A (en) | The moisture storage capacity change in time and space and water balance monitoring method of a set of peat bog | |
| CN114120124A (en) | Method for identifying wetland boundary | |
| Adams et al. | Electrical resistance sensors record spring flow timing, Grand Canyon, Arizona | |
| Prakasam et al. | Evaluation of geomorphic resources using GIS technology: a case study of selected villages in Ausgram Block, Burdwam District, West Bengal, India | |
| Groce-Wright | Analyzing a 10-Year Cave Drip Record in James Cave, Virginia: Implications for Storage and Recharge in Shallow Appalachian Karst Systems | |
| Deme | Partitioning subsurface water fluxes using coupled HYDRUS-MODFLOW model: Case study of La Mata Catchment, Spain | |
| Metz | Hydrogeology and simulated effects of ground-water withdrawals for citrus irrigation, Hardee and De Soto Counties, Florida | |
| Tirado-Conde et al. | Multi-domain thermal imaging for characterizing groundwater upwelling in stream valleys | |
| Legese Reta | Groundwater and Lake water balance of Lake Naivasha using 3-D transient groundwater model | |
| Yang | The Surface and Subsurface Distribution and Transport of Sodium within a Constructed Fen Peatland in a Post-Mined Landscape in the Alberta Oil Sands Region | |
| Mahadadi et al. | Landslide susceptibility mapping using logistic regression and frequency ratio approaches, case study from Souk Ahras region, NE Algeria | |
| Tiwari et al. | Remote Sensing and GIS Based Morphometric Calculation: A Case Study of Pahuj River Basin, Jhansi District, UP, India | |
| Wilson et al. | Inferring subsurface morphology from transient soil moisture patterns using electrical conductivity |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |
Application publication date: 20190416 |