CN109631044A - A kind of refuse incinerator of circulating fluid bed and its incinerating method - Google Patents

A kind of refuse incinerator of circulating fluid bed and its incinerating method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109631044A
CN109631044A CN201811558305.9A CN201811558305A CN109631044A CN 109631044 A CN109631044 A CN 109631044A CN 201811558305 A CN201811558305 A CN 201811558305A CN 109631044 A CN109631044 A CN 109631044A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
return air
rubbish
flue gas
branch pipe
fuel
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Pending
Application number
CN201811558305.9A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
黄照良
黄河评
张政委
刘银锟
张�浩
张旺
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Qujing Cloud Cast New Energy Power Generation Co Ltd
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Qujing Cloud Cast New Energy Power Generation Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201811558305.9A priority Critical patent/CN109631044A/en
Publication of CN109631044A publication Critical patent/CN109631044A/en
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23GCREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/14Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23GCREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/04Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment drying
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23GCREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44Details; Accessories
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23GCREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44Details; Accessories
    • F23G5/442Waste feed arrangements
    • F23G5/444Waste feed arrangements for solid waste
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23GCREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44Details; Accessories
    • F23G5/46Recuperation of heat

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of refuse incinerator of circulating fluid bed and its incinerating methods, including including boiler body, garbage feeding device and fuel feeders, boiler body includes combustion chamber and return air chamber, combustion chamber includes burner hearth and wind thorax, wind thorax is provided with combustion adjuvant adding mouth, calcium carbonate adding mouth and secondary air channel, high-temperature smoke discharging pipe is provided at the top of wind thorax, high-temperature smoke discharging pipe is connected with hot precipitator and steam generator in turn, the steam (vapor) outlet of steam generator is connected with steam-driven generator, the exhanst gas outlet of steam generator is connected with flue gas purification system, return air circulation line is provided on exhanst gas outlet.Its incinerating method includes 1. charging, 2. primary combustion, 3. second-time burning, the 4. processing of high-temperature flue gas and 5. low-temperature flue gas recycles.Combustion process of the invention is controllable, and the effect of burning is good, and high combustion efficiency is not easy coking, and the flue gas calorific value for generation of burning is high, and realizes the multiple utilization of fume afterheat, not only energy saving but also environmentally friendly.

Description

A kind of refuse incinerator of circulating fluid bed and its incinerating method
Technical field
The invention belongs to rubbish processing to be harmless technical fields, and in particular to a kind of refuse incinerator of circulating fluid bed and Its incinerating method.
Background technique
Waste incineration and generating electricity is current garbage decrement, innoxious and recycling treatment best mode.Waste incineration hair The incinerator of electricity mainly has fire grate garbage incinerator and fluidized bed refuse incinerator, higher for calorific value of burning away the refuse and opposite Stable rubbish, fire grate garbage incinerator have many advantages, such as that availability is high, deslagging is smooth, occupy leading position in Europe.But It for the burning rubbish that ingredient is unstable, calorific value is relatively low, is handled using fire grate garbage incinerator, there is combustion instability, The deficiencies of pollutant discharge amounts such as the uncontrollable, dioxin of burning process are big.Fluidized bed refuse incinerator has fire box temperature equal Even, turbulent flow is strong, meets the requirement for residence time of burning needed for waste incineration, and due to there being a large amount of bed materials in burner hearth, Heat storage capacity is strong, even if larger fluctuation occurs for the component of refuse of investment burner hearth, also can guarantee stable burning, and stablizing burning is to protect Demonstrate,prove that the abundant after-flame of rubbish, organic gas (predecessor that dioxin generates) concentration of emission is low in flue gas, dioxin is controllable One of essential condition.So fluidized bed refuse incinerator has the advantages that Pollutant emission concentration is low, it is especially suitable for burning aqueous The higher Chinese rubbish of rate.Although it is low etc. that fluidized bed refuse incinerator has the advantages that flameholding, Pollutant emission concentration.But It is, it is unreasonable due to existing fluidized bed refuse incinerator structure arrangement, it is uneven plus component of refuse, contain partial size and close The reasons such as biggish object are spent, when being burned to rubbish, are had the following problems: first is that rubbish is difficult with the combustion in burner hearth Stream, it is also difficult to it is discharged from slag-drip opening, but is deposited on burner hearth bottom, after waste incinerator runs a period of time, due to Burner hearth bottom deposits a large amount of partial sizes and density larger object and smooth cannot be discharged, it is necessary to which frequent blowing out deslagging, fluidized bed rubbish are burnt Failure rate and the operation and maintenance cost for burning furnace are higher, second is that the combustion process in incinerator is difficult to control, during burning The temperature that the temperature of burning can not be set, the calorific value that waste incineration generates is low, and the phenomenon that easy raw high-temperature coking, nothing Method obtains the steam of high parameter high-quality, constrain burn the efficiency of furnace raising, third is that by fermentation after rubbish water content compared with Height, rubbish clustering phenomena is serious, when being burnt into waste incinerator, is easy to appear insufficient situation of burning, eventually The toxic gas of carbon monoxide is generated when burning insufficient.Therefore, a kind of reasonable in design, combustion efficiency is developed more Well, it is not easy coking, efficiency of combustion can be improved, is able to achieve high-temp combustion and energy-saving and environment-friendly refuse incinerator of circulating fluid bed And its incinerating method is desirability.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problems, such as background technique, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of reasonable in design, combustions Burning effect is more preferable, is not easy coking, efficiency of combustion can be improved, being able to achieve high-temp combustion and energy-saving and environment-friendly recirculating fluidized bed rubbish Burning boiler and its incinerating method.
Refuse incinerator of circulating fluid bed of the present invention, including including boiler body, garbage feeding device and fuel Feeder, boiler body include combustion chamber and return air chamber, and air distribution plate, the cloth wind of air distribution plate are equipped between combustion chamber and return air chamber Burning cloth blast cap is installed on hole, air intlet pipe is set on return air chamber, intake valve is installed on air intlet pipe;
Combustion chamber includes the lower part wind thorax cylindrical in the burner hearth of cone cylinder shape and top, and the discharge port of garbage feeding device passes through Rubbish material blanking tube is connected to burner hearth, and the discharge port of fuel feeders is connected to by fuel material blanking tube with burner hearth, and the bottom of burner hearth is set It is equipped with slag-drip opening, is provided with dreg cooling chamber outside return air chamber, slag-drip opening is connected to dreg cooling chamber, and the bottom of dreg cooling chamber is provided with slag notch, Combustion adjuvant adding mouth and calcium carbonate adding mouth are symmetrically arranged on the side wall of wind thorax, the outer surface of wind thorax is provided at least 1 ring The secondary air channel of shape is provided with the more pressurization branch pipes being connected to wind thorax on secondary air channel;
High-temperature smoke discharging pipe is provided at the top of wind thorax, high-temperature smoke discharging pipe is connected with hot precipitator, and the dust of hot precipitator goes out Mouth is connected to by dust feed pipe with burner hearth, and the exhanst gas outlet of hot precipitator is connected with steam generator, steam generator Steam (vapor) outlet is connected with steam-driven generator, and the exhanst gas outlet of steam generator is connected with flue gas purification system, steam generator It is provided with return air supervisor on exhanst gas outlet, the first return air branch pipe, the second return air branch pipe, third are respectively arranged on return air supervisor and is returned Wind branch pipe, the 4th return air branch pipe and the 5th return air branch pipe, the first return air branch pipe are connected to return air chamber, the second return air branch pipe and fuel Feeder connection, third return air branch pipe are connected with rubbish plenum chamber, and rubbish plenum chamber is mounted on rubbish material blanking tube, rubbish blanking The inside of pipe is equipped with multiple rubbish cloth blast caps being connected to rubbish plenum chamber, and the 4th return air branch pipe is located under garbage feeding device Side, is equipped with the more blowpipes being connected to garbage feeding device on the 4th return air branch pipe at equal intervals, the 5th return air branch pipe and Secondary air channel connection.
Further, the inside of fuel feeders is sequentially arranged at intervals with muti-piece sorting plate from top to bottom, and sorting plate is by upper It being obliquely installed under, and the gradient of selection by winnowing plate is incremented by successively from top to bottom, the bottom of fuel feeders is provided with fuel outlet, Second return air branch pipe is located at the top of top selection by winnowing plate, and fuel material blanking tube is located at lower one end of bottom selection by winnowing plate.
Further, the inner surface of boiler body is cast with the refractory insulating layer of one layer of 30~50mm thickness.
Further, air blower is installed on return air supervisor.
Further, hot precipitator is multitube ceramic high temperature deduster.
Further, the sectional area of secondary air channel is greater than the sectional area of pressurization branch pipe.
The incinerating method of refuse incinerator of circulating fluid bed of the present invention, comprising the following steps:
1. charging: putting into fuel into burner hearth by fuel material blanking tube first with fuel feeders, then recycle garbage feeding Device put into the rubbish that fermentation is completed by rubbish material blanking tube into burner hearth, and the mass ratio that feeds intake of rubbish and fuel is 3~5:1, fires Material includes that mass percentage content is 40~70% biomass fuel pellet and 30~60% coal grain;
2. primary combustion: opening intake valve, be passed through air into return air chamber using air intlet pipe, by burning cloth blast cap to furnace Oxygen is provided in thorax, while lighting fuel, by the air inflow of control intake valve after lighting, make rubbish and fuel in burner hearth into Row primary combustion, the fuel and rubbish allowed in burner hearth burn under anaerobic condition, and ignition temperature is 800~900 DEG C, oxygen concentration Between 5~10%;
3. second-time burning: by putting into combustion adjuvant in combustion adjuvant adding mouth aweather thorax, combustion adjuvant is petroleum coke particles, passes through carbonic acid Calcium adding mouth aweather puts into calcium carbonate in thorax, the foul smell that generates during the flue gas and rubbish fermentation that generate primary combustion and helps Combustion agent, calcium carbonate carry out second-time burning together, and during second-time burning, the air in secondary air channel is passed through more pressurizations After branch pipe pressurization, the flue gas particle in wind thorax is sufficiently disturbed using pressurized air, is conducive to combustion adjuvant, carbonic acid The ignition temperature of the completely burned of calcium, flue gas particle and foul smell, second-time burning is controlled at 950~1150 DEG C;
4. the processing of high-temperature flue gas: the high-temperature flue gas that wind chamber inner combustion generates enters hot precipitator by high-temperature smoke discharging pipe, passes through It crosses hot precipitator and carries out gas solid separation, isolated dust particles are sent into burner hearth by dust feed pipe to be continued to burn, Isolated high-temperature flue gas enters in steam generator to be exchanged with recirculated water generation heat, and the high temperature generated after heat exchange steams Vapour enters steam-driven generator and generates electricity, and the low-temperature flue gas after exchange, which enters after flue gas purification system carries out purified treatment, directly to be arranged It puts;
5. low-temperature flue gas recycles: the low-temperature flue gas generated after steam generator carries out heat exchange enters return air master In pipe, and sequentially enter the first return air branch pipe, the second return air branch pipe, third return air branch pipe, the 4th return air branch pipe and the 5th return air Pipe recycles, and it is burner hearth that the low-temperature flue gas into the first return air branch pipe enters in burner hearth by return air chamber and burning cloth blast cap It provides and is used for combustion-supporting hot-air, make burner hearth homogenous combustion under the conditions of 800~900 DEG C of temperature, enter the second air-supply branch The low-temperature flue gas of pipe, which enters in fuel feeders, sorts fuel particle, provides the combustion that partial size is 0.5~2mm for burner hearth Material, the low-temperature flue gas entered in the 4th return air branch pipe entered in garbage feeding device by more blowpipes, to rubbish into Rubbish in glassware carries out primary drying, and the low-temperature flue gas entered in third return air branch pipe enters rubbish plenum chamber, through rubbish Redrying is carried out to the rubbish in rubbish material blanking tube after the distribution of cloth blast cap, enters the low-temperature flue gas in the 5th return air branch pipe Entered in wind thorax by secondary air channel and pressurization branch pipe, to provide the hot-air of proper temperature in wind thorax, is made combustion-supporting in wind thorax The at a temperature of completely burned of agent, calcium carbonate, flue gas particle and foul smell at 950~1150 DEG C.
Further, step 3. in, the input amount of calcium carbonate is the 0.5~1% of rubbish total amount, the input amount of combustion adjuvant It is the 1~1.5% of rubbish total amount
The beneficial effect comprise that:
1, structure design comparison of the invention is reasonable, is uniformly distributed the air of return air chamber along burner hearth by burning cloth blast cap, It can enough guarantee that air supply velocity is uniform, be conducive to rubbish and full combustion of fuel, 2 are fed using fuel feeders, fuel-feed Device can screen fuel, and using Whirl deposite tank by after screening fuel fluidize, allow fuel in a manner of fluidized state into Enter burner hearth, the combustion efficiency of fuel can be made more preferable, fuel also can full combustion, avoid the generation of fuel coking phenomenon, Fuel washing away and wearing to burner hearth is reduced, and is not present in Fuel Process in combustion process because sedimentation of fuel needs blowing out to examine The situation repaired significantly reduces the rate of breakdown and maintenance cost of burning boiler;3 garbage feeding devices and rubbish material blanking tube are uniform Return air supervisor is identical, is dried using the waste heat of flue gas with the rubbish for entering stokehold, on the one hand can reduce rubbish in burner hearth Combustion chamber generate carbon monoxide possibility, allow rubbish fuel it is combustion-supporting under the conditions of can sufficiently, fully burn, on the other hand Rubbish enters burner hearth after preheating, will not cause to fluctuate to the ignition temperature in burner hearth because of charging, can guarantee burned Temperature in journey is constant;4 be that can promote the abundant of flue gas particle and foul smell by the way that combustion adjuvant is added into combustion adjuvant adding mouth So around the further ignition temperature for promoting flue gas reduces the dioxin generation during incineration firing, attached by calcium carbonate Calcium carbonate is added in mouth, can reduce the generation of sour gas in combustion process, further reduces subsequent gas cleaning processing Burden;5 secondary air channel by being arranged can disturb the flue gas of wind chamber inner combustion, allow particle completely burned in flue gas, Reduce the possibility for generating dioxin.In conclusion not only combustion process is controllable by the present invention, the effect of burning is good, high combustion efficiency, It is not easy coking, the flue gas calorific value for generation of burning is high, and realizes the cycling and reutilization of fume afterheat, avoids the wave of the energy Take, saved cost, while greatly reducing the generation of the gases such as dioxin in combustion process, it is not only energy saving but also environmentally friendly, it is easy to It promotes the use of.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural diagram of the present invention;
In figure: 1- return air chamber, 2- the first return air branch pipe, 3- air blower, 4- fuel feeders, 5- the second return air branch pipe, 6- third Return air branch pipe, the 4th return air branch pipe of 7-, 8- blowpipe, 8- garbage feeding device, 10- rubbish plenum chamber, 11- burning cloth blast cap, 12- fuel material blanking tube, 13- rubbish material blanking tube, 14- rubbish cloth blast cap, 15- combustion adjuvant adding mouth, 16- pressurization branch pipe, 17- bis- times Air hose, 18- dreg cooling chamber, 19- slag-drip opening, 20- refractory insulating layer, the combustion chamber 21-, 22- calcium carbonate adding mouth, 23- high-temperature smoke discharging Pipe, 24- hot precipitator, 25- steam-driven generator, 26- steam generator, 27- flue gas purification system, 28- return air supervisor, 29- 5th return air branch pipe, 30- sorting plate.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment and attached drawing explanation, the present invention is further illustrated, but not in any way to the present invention Limit, based on present invention teach that it is made it is any transform or replace, equal embodiment belongs to the scope of protection of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1, refuse incinerator of circulating fluid bed of the present invention, including including boiler body, rubbish into Glassware 8 and fuel feeders 4, garbage feeding device 8 are used for the rubbish to boiler body conveying after fermentation, fuel feeders 4 For the fuel to boiler body conveying burning.
The boiler body includes combustion chamber and return air chamber 1, is equipped with air distribution plate between the combustion chamber and return air chamber 1, Burning cloth blast cap 11 is installed on the wind distributing hole of the air distribution plate, is set to air intlet pipe, air intlet on the return air chamber 1 Intake valve is installed, burning cloth blast cap 11 uses bell-type windshield, and the air inlet for the cloth blast cap that burns in combustion process hastens to control on pipe System provides the air of burning into burner hearth in 10~15m/s, using burning cloth blast cap 11.
The combustion chamber includes the lower part wind thorax cylindrical in the burner hearth of cone cylinder shape and top, the garbage feeding device 8 discharge port be connected to by rubbish material blanking tube 13 with burner hearth, the discharge port of the fuel feeders 4 pass through fuel material blanking tube 12 and Burner hearth connection, the bottom of the burner hearth are provided with slag-drip opening 19, are provided with dreg cooling chamber 18, the slag-drip opening outside the return air chamber 1 19 are connected to dreg cooling chamber 18, and the bottom of the dreg cooling chamber 18 is provided with slag notch, and the water-cooling wall of the dreg cooling chamber 18 uses membrane type The structure type of water-cooling wall burns down the complete rear clinker generated in burner hearth internal combustion and slowly flows into dreg cooling chamber from slag-drip opening, with cold slag The water-cooling wall contact of room exchanges heat, and while clinker obtains cooling, the heat of water wall absorption can be right in cooling procedure Lower furnace portion gets the effect of heat preservation, to guarantee that the rubbish in burner hearth is in temperature constant state, institute always during burning It states and is symmetrically arranged with combustion adjuvant adding mouth 15 and calcium carbonate adding mouth 22 on the side wall of wind thorax, aweather by combustion adjuvant adding mouth 15 Combustion adjuvant is added in thorax, it is combustion-supporting to the particle progress in flue gas, facilitate the generation of dioxin in burning process, passes through calcium carbonate Adding mouth 22 aweather adds calcium carbonate in thorax, advantageously reduces the generation of sour gas, reduces the negative of later period gas cleaning processing Load, the outer surface of the wind thorax is provided with the secondary air channel 17 of at least 1 ring shape, be provided on the secondary air channel 17 more with The pressurization branch pipe 16 of wind thorax connection, it is preferable that the sectional area of secondary air channel 17 is greater than the sectional area of pressurization branch pipe 16, in Secondary Air In the case that air quantity is inconvenient in pipe 17, since wind pressure is directly proportional to wind speed, and wind speed is equal to air quantity divided by cross-sectional area, therefore is cutting Wind speed just will increase when area is smaller, so that wind pressure is big, the wind sprayed out of pressurization branch pipe 16 at this time can be in wind thorax Injection farther out, more pressurization branch pipes 16 can the flue gas in windy thorax carry out the disturbance of ingredient, promote the particle in flue gas complete Burning reduces a possibility that generating dioxin.
High-temperature smoke discharging pipe 23 is provided at the top of the wind thorax, the high-temperature smoke discharging pipe 23 is connected with hot precipitator 24, The dust outlet of the hot precipitator 24 is connected to by dust feed pipe with burner hearth, the exhanst gas outlet connection of hot precipitator 24 There is steam generator 26, the steam (vapor) outlet of steam generator 26 is connected with steam-driven generator 25, and the flue gas of steam generator 26 goes out Mouth is connected with flue gas purification system 27, and return air supervisor 28, the return air are provided on the exhanst gas outlet of the steam generator 26 The first return air branch pipe 2, the second return air branch pipe 5, third return air branch pipe 6, the 4th return air branch pipe 7 and the are respectively arranged on supervisor 28 Five return air branch pipes 29, the first return air branch pipe 2 are connected to return air chamber 1, and low temperature cigarette flue gas enters return air chamber 1 and mixes with air Afterwards, then by burning cloth blast cap 11 enter burner hearth, can be improved into the oxygen temperature in burner hearth, guarantee the temperature in combustion process Spend constant, the second return air branch pipe 5 is connected to fuel feeders 8, the low-temperature flue gas being sent into using the second return air branch pipe 5 to fuel into Row preheating, is conducive to combustion-supporting, third return air branch pipe 6 is connected with rubbish plenum chamber 10, and the rubbish plenum chamber 10 is mounted on rubbish On material blanking tube 12, the inside of the rubbish material blanking tube 12 is equipped with multiple rubbish cloth blast caps 14 being connected to rubbish plenum chamber 10, The 4th return air branch pipe 7 is located at the lower section of garbage feeding device 4, is equipped with more at equal intervals on the 4th return air branch pipe 7 The blowpipe 8 being connected to garbage feeding device 4, the 5th return air branch pipe 29 are connected to secondary air channel 17, into the 4th return air The low-temperature flue gas of branch pipe 7 is entered in garbage feeding device 4 by each blowpipe 8 is dried rubbish after fermentation, Rubbish after drying drops into rubbish material blanking tube 12, utilizes the rubbish cloth blast cap being arranged in rubbish material blanking tube 12 at this time 14 and the rubbish plenum chamber positioned at the downside of rubbish cloth blast cap 14, for wind speed when by rubbish cloth blast cap 14, movement technique is first It is vertically upward, then gone out from 12 side opening level of rubbish cloth blast cap by bending, it at this time can be by being sprayed from side opening Air carries out redrying to by the rubbish of rubbish material blanking tube 12, can finally be fired further such that entering in burner hearth The rubbish of burning is relatively dry, thus further decrease when rubbish burns in boiler generate dioxin a possibility that, by return Wind is responsible for the 28, first return air branch pipe 2, the second return air branch pipe 5, third return air branch pipe 6, the 4th return air branch pipe 7 and the 5th return air branch The reasonable Arrangement of pipe 29 realizes the multiple utilization to fume afterheat, has achieved the purpose that high efficiency of energy utilizes, be beneficial to energy conservation Environmental protection.
Further, the inside of the fuel feeders 4 is sequentially arranged at intervals with muti-piece sorting plate 30 from top to bottom, described Sorting plate 30 is obliquely installed from top to bottom, and the gradient of selection by winnowing plate 30 is incremented by successively from top to bottom, the fuel feeders 4 Bottom is provided with fuel outlet, and the second return air branch pipe 5 is located at the top of top selection by winnowing plate 30, the fuel material blanking tube 12 Positioned at lower one end of bottom selection by winnowing plate 30, the low-temperature flue gas being sent by the second return air branch pipe 5, can make to enter fuel into The fuel of glassware 4 forms heavy curtain on sorting plate, and the fuel of the bulky grain after selection by winnowing falls into the bottom of fuel feeders 4, and small The fuel of grain is sent into burner hearth by 12 pipe of fuel blanking.
Further, the inner surface of the boiler body is cast with the refractory insulating layer 20 of one layer of 30~50mm thickness, setting Fire resistant heat preserving 20 can reduce the loss of heat in boiler body to get the effect of heat preservation in Refuse Incineration Process, be conducive to It is energy saving, the material selection Cab-O-sil aggregate of refractory insulating layer 20, yttrium oxide powder, Co-based alloy powder, refractory cement and Keep the temperature the mixture of floating bead.
In order to improve the efficiency of air-supply, air blower 3 is installed on the return air supervisor 28.
Further, the hot precipitator 24 be multitube ceramic high temperature deduster, multitube ceramic high temperature deduster it is resistance to It has stable high-temperature performance, and good dedusting effect.
The incinerating method of refuse incinerator of circulating fluid bed of the present invention, which comprises the following steps:
1. charging: fuel is put into burner hearth by fuel material blanking tube 12 first with fuel feeders 4, then recycle rubbish into Glassware 8 put into the rubbish that fermentation is completed by rubbish material blanking tube 13 into burner hearth, and the mass ratio that feeds intake of the rubbish and fuel is 3 ~5:1, the fuel include that mass percentage content is 40~70% biomass fuel pellet and 30~60% coal grain;
2. primary combustion: opening intake valve, be passed through air into return air chamber 1 using air intlet pipe, pass through the cloth blast cap 11 that burns Oxygen is provided into burner hearth, while lighting fuel, by the air inflow of control intake valve after lighting, makes rubbish and fuel in burner hearth Interior carry out primary combustion, the fuel and rubbish allowed in burner hearth burn under anaerobic condition, and ignition temperature is 800~900 DEG C, oxygen Between concentration 5~10%;
3. second-time burning: by putting into combustion adjuvant in combustion adjuvant adding mouth 15 aweather thorax, the combustion adjuvant is petroleum coke particles, is led to Percarbonic acid calcium adding mouth 22 aweather puts into calcium carbonate in thorax, generates during the flue gas and rubbish fermentation that generate primary combustion Foul smell carries out second-time burning together with combustion adjuvant, calcium carbonate, and during second-time burning, the air in secondary air channel 17 is led to After excessive root pressurization branch pipe 16 is pressurized, the flue gas particle in wind thorax is sufficiently disturbed using pressurized air, is conducive to The completely burned of combustion adjuvant, calcium carbonate, flue gas particle and foul smell, the ignition temperature control of second-time burning is at 950~1150 DEG C, institute The input amount for stating calcium carbonate is the 0.5~1% of rubbish total amount, and the input amount of combustion adjuvant is the 1~1.5% of rubbish total amount.;
4. the processing of high-temperature flue gas: the high-temperature flue gas that wind chamber inner combustion generates enters hot precipitator by high-temperature smoke discharging pipe 23 24, by hot precipitator 24 carry out gas solid separation, isolated dust particles by dust feed pipe be sent into burner hearth in after Continuous to burn, isolated high-temperature flue gas enters in steam generator 26 to be exchanged with recirculated water generation heat, is produced after heat exchange Raw high-temperature steam enters steam-driven generator 25 and generates electricity, and the low-temperature flue gas after exchange, which enters flue gas purification system 27, to carry out only Direct emission after change processing;
5. low-temperature flue gas recycles: the low-temperature flue gas generated after steam generator 26 carries out heat exchange enters return air In supervisor 28, and sequentially enter the first return air branch pipe 2, the second return air branch pipe 5, third return air branch pipe 6,7 and of the 4th return air branch pipe 5th backwind tube 29 recycles, and the low-temperature flue gas for propping up 2 pipes into the first return air enters by return air chamber 1 and burning cloth blast cap 11 In burner hearth, providing for burner hearth makes burner hearth homogenous combustion under the conditions of 800~900 DEG C of temperature for combustion-supporting hot-air, enters Low-temperature flue gas to the second blowpipe 5 enters in fuel feeders 12 and sorts to fuel particle, provides partial size for burner hearth For the fuel of 0.5~2mm, the low-temperature flue gas entered in the 4th return air branch pipe 7 by more blowpipes 8 enter rubbish into In glassware 8, primary drying is carried out to the rubbish in garbage feeding device 8, the low-temperature flue gas entered in third return air branch pipe 6 enters Rubbish plenum chamber 10 carries out redrying to the rubbish in rubbish material blanking tube 13 after the distribution of rubbish cloth blast cap 14, enters Low-temperature flue gas in 5th return air branch pipe 29 is entered in wind thorax by secondary air channel 17 and pressurization branch pipe 16, to provide temperature in wind thorax The suitable hot-air of degree, make combustion adjuvant, calcium carbonate, flue gas particle and foul smell in wind thorax 950~1150 DEG C at a temperature of it is complete Full burning.

Claims (8)

1. a kind of refuse incinerator of circulating fluid bed, including boiler body, garbage feeding device (8) and fuel feeders (4), Be characterized in that: the boiler body includes combustion chamber and return air chamber (1), is equipped with cloth between the combustion chamber and return air chamber (1) Aerofoil is equipped with burning cloth blast cap (11) on the wind distributing hole of the air distribution plate, is set to air intlet on the return air chamber (1) It manages, intake valve is installed on air intlet pipe;
The combustion chamber includes the lower part wind thorax cylindrical in the burner hearth of cone cylinder shape and top, the garbage feeding device (8) Discharge port be connected to burner hearth by rubbish material blanking tube (13), the discharge port of the fuel feeders (4) passes through fuel material blanking tube (12) it is connected to burner hearth, the bottom of the burner hearth is provided with slag-drip opening (19), and dreg cooling chamber is provided with outside the return air chamber (1) (18), the slag-drip opening (19) is connected to dreg cooling chamber (18), and the bottom of the dreg cooling chamber (18) is provided with slag notch, the wind thorax Side wall on be symmetrically arranged with combustion adjuvant adding mouth (15) and calcium carbonate adding mouth (22), the outer surface of the wind thorax be provided with to Lack the secondary air channel (17) of 1 ring shape, is provided with the more pressurization branch pipes (16) being connected to wind thorax on the secondary air channel (17);
It is provided at the top of the wind thorax high-temperature smoke discharging pipe (23), the high-temperature smoke discharging pipe (23) is connected with hot precipitator (24), the dust outlet of the hot precipitator (24) is connected to by dust feed pipe with burner hearth, the cigarette of hot precipitator (24) Gas outlet is connected with steam generator (26), and the steam (vapor) outlet of steam generator (26) is connected with steam-driven generator (25), steam The exhanst gas outlet of generator (26) is connected with flue gas purification system (27), is arranged on the exhanst gas outlet of the steam generator (26) There is return air to be responsible for (28), the first return air branch pipe (2), the second return air branch pipe (5), the are respectively arranged on return air supervisor (28) Three return air branch pipes (6), the 4th return air branch pipe (7) and the 5th return air branch pipe (29), the first return air branch pipe (2) and return air chamber (1) it is connected to, the second return air branch pipe (5) is connected to fuel feeders (8), and third return air branch pipe (6) is connected with rubbish plenum chamber (10), the rubbish plenum chamber (10) is mounted on rubbish material blanking tube (12), and the inside of the rubbish material blanking tube (12) is equipped with Multiple rubbish cloth blast caps (14) being connected to rubbish plenum chamber (10), the 4th return air branch pipe (7) are located at garbage feeding device (4) Lower section, the more blowpipes being connected to garbage feeding device (4) are installed at equal intervals on the 4th return air branch pipe (7) (8), the 5th return air branch pipe (29) is connected to secondary air channel (17).
2. a kind of refuse incinerator of circulating fluid bed according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the fuel feeders (4) inside is sequentially arranged at intervals with muti-piece sorting plate (30) from top to bottom, and the sorting plate (30) is obliquely installed from top to bottom, And the gradient of selection by winnowing plate (30) is incremented by successively from top to bottom, the bottom of the fuel feeders (4) is provided with fuel outlet, institute The top that the second return air branch pipe (5) is located at top selection by winnowing plate (30) is stated, the fuel material blanking tube (12) is located at bottom selection by winnowing Lower one end of plate (30).
3. a kind of refuse incinerator of circulating fluid bed according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the boiler body Inner surface is cast with the refractory insulating layer (20) of one layer of 30~50mm thickness.
4. a kind of refuse incinerator of circulating fluid bed according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the return air supervisor (28) air blower (3) are installed on.
5. a kind of refuse incinerator of circulating fluid bed according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the hot precipitator It (24) is multitube ceramic high temperature deduster.
6. a kind of refuse incinerator of circulating fluid bed according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the secondary air channel (17) sectional area is greater than the sectional area of pressurization branch pipe (16).
7. a kind of incinerating method of refuse incinerator of circulating fluid bed, which comprises the following steps:
1. charging: putting into fuel into burner hearth by fuel material blanking tube (12) first with fuel feeders (4), then recycle rubbish By rubbish material blanking tube (13) rubbish that investment fermentation is completed into burner hearth, the rubbish and fuel feed intake rubbish feeder (8) Mass ratio is 3~5:1, and the fuel includes the biomass fuel pellet and 30~60% that mass percentage content is 40~70% Coal grain;
2. primary combustion: opening intake valve, be passed through air into return air chamber (1) using air intlet pipe, pass through the cloth blast cap that burns (11) oxygen is provided into burner hearth, while lighting fuel, by the air inflow of control intake valve after lighting, rubbish and fuel is made to exist Primary combustion is carried out in burner hearth, the fuel and rubbish allowed in burner hearth burns under anaerobic condition, and ignition temperature is 800~900 DEG C, Between oxygen concentration 5~10%;
3. second-time burning: by putting into combustion adjuvant in combustion adjuvant adding mouth (15) aweather thorax, the combustion adjuvant is petroleum coke particles, By putting into calcium carbonate in calcium carbonate adding mouth (22) aweather thorax, produced during the flue gas and rubbish fermentation that generate primary combustion Raw foul smell carries out second-time burning together with combustion adjuvant, calcium carbonate, will be in secondary air channel (17) during second-time burning After air is by more pressurization branch pipe (16) pressurizations, the flue gas particle in wind thorax is sufficiently disturbed using pressurized air It is dynamic, be conducive to the completely burned of combustion adjuvant, calcium carbonate, flue gas particle and foul smell, the ignition temperature control of second-time burning 950~ 1150℃;
4. the processing of high-temperature flue gas: the high-temperature flue gas that wind chamber inner combustion generates enters hot precipitator by high-temperature smoke discharging pipe (23) (24), gas solid separation is carried out by hot precipitator (24), isolated dust particles are sent into burner hearth by dust feed pipe Inside continue to burn, isolated high-temperature flue gas enters in steam generator (26) to be exchanged with recirculated water generation heat, and heat is handed over The high-temperature steam generated after changing enters steam-driven generator (25) and generates electricity, and the low-temperature flue gas after exchange enters flue gas purification system (27) direct emission after progress purified treatment;
5. low-temperature flue gas recycles: the low-temperature flue gas generated after steam generator (26) carry out heat exchange enters back Wind is responsible in (28), and sequentially enters the first return air branch pipe (2), the second return air branch pipe (5), third return air branch pipe (6), the 4th time Wind branch pipe (7) and the 5th backwind tube (29) recycle, and the low-temperature flue gas into first return air branch (2) pipe passes through return air chamber (1) Enter in burner hearth with burning cloth blast cap (11), provides the temperature for making burner hearth at 800~900 DEG C for combustion-supporting hot-air for burner hearth Homogenous combustion under the conditions of degree, the low-temperature flue gas for entering the second blowpipe (5) enter in fuel feeders (12) to fuel Grain is sorted, and provides the fuel that partial size is 0.5~2mm for burner hearth, and the low-temperature flue gas entered in the 4th return air branch pipe (7) is logical Excessive root blowpipe (8) enters in garbage feeding device (8), carries out primary drying to the rubbish in garbage feeding device (8), into Enter to the low-temperature flue gas in third return air branch pipe (6) and enters rubbish plenum chamber (10), it is right after the distribution of rubbish cloth blast cap (14) Rubbish in rubbish material blanking tube (13) carries out redrying, and the low-temperature flue gas entered in the 5th return air branch pipe (29) passes through secondary Air hose (17) and pressurization branch pipe (16) enter in wind thorax, to provide the hot-air of proper temperature in wind thorax, make combustion-supporting in wind thorax The at a temperature of completely burned of agent, calcium carbonate, flue gas particle and foul smell at 950~1150 DEG C.
8. a kind of incinerating method of refuse incinerator of circulating fluid bed according to claim 7, feature are being: Step 3. in, the input amount of the calcium carbonate is the 0.5~1% of rubbish total amount, the input amount of combustion adjuvant be rubbish total amount 1~ 1.5%。
CN201811558305.9A 2018-12-19 2018-12-19 A kind of refuse incinerator of circulating fluid bed and its incinerating method Pending CN109631044A (en)

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CN113983465A (en) * 2021-10-19 2022-01-28 河南科技大学 Municipal solid waste incineration system
CN114440639A (en) * 2022-03-01 2022-05-06 郑州开普工程技术有限公司 Air distribution structure of boiling chamber, fluidized bed roaster using air distribution structure and use method of fluidized bed roaster
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Application publication date: 20190416