CN109627055B - Additive for widening firing range of potassium-containing mineral fertilizer and potassium-containing mineral fertilizer - Google Patents
Additive for widening firing range of potassium-containing mineral fertilizer and potassium-containing mineral fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an additive for widening the firing range of a potassium-containing mineral fertilizer and the potassium-containing mineral fertilizer, wherein the additive comprises the following materials in percentage by mass: 60-90% of a sodium material, 5-20% of an iron material and 5-20% of a siliceous material; the additive amount of the potassium-containing mineral fertilizer is 1-4% of the total mass of the solid raw materials of the potassium-containing mineral fertilizer. The additive provided by the invention can remarkably broaden the firing range of the potassium-containing mineral fertilizer, reduce the calcining temperature, improve the operation rate of a kiln system, realize continuous and stable production of the potassium-containing mineral fertilizer, save energy, reduce consumption, increase the content of available nutrients in the product, and has good economic benefits and wide popularization and application prospects.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a potassium-containing mineral fertilizer additive, in particular to an additive for widening the firing range of a potassium-containing mineral fertilizer and the potassium-containing mineral fertilizer.
Background
The potassium-containing mineral fertilizer containing citrate soluble nutrients is prepared by calcining potassium feldspar and other ores at high temperature, which is an effective way for comprehensively utilizing potassium, silicon and other resources in the potassium feldspar at present, and the symptom of deficiency of soluble potassium salt in China is relieved to a certain extent. The potassium-containing mineral fertilizer has the effects of regulating the pH value of soil, enhancing crop resistance, providing various nutrient components, realizing long-acting slow release of nutrient elements, preventing leaching loss, improving the utilization rate of the fertilizer, increasing yield and improving quality and the like, is a novel ecological mineral fertilizer, and has wide development prospect.
At present, methods for preparing potassium-containing mineral fertilizers by utilizing potassium feldspar and other ores mainly comprise a high-temperature calcination method, a hydrothermal method and other methods, and compared with the hydrothermal method and other methods, Chinese patent publication No. CN103739341A 'a production process and equipment of silicon-calcium-potassium fertilizers' provides a new process and equipment capable of realizing continuous production, and is actually applied to a 3 ten thousand-ton large-scale production line. In the actual production process, in order to convert more potassium elements into effective potassium capable of being absorbed by plants, the firing temperature of the potassium-containing mineral fertilizer is up to 1250 ℃ or above, the melting temperature of the material is 1275-1300 ℃, the firing range is only 25-50 ℃, the ring formation problem in the kiln is easy to occur in the production operation process, the kiln is forced to be stopped to process the ring formation, the labor intensity of workers is increased, the service life of the rotary kiln is shortened, the operation rate of the kiln is influenced, the energy consumption of a system is increased, and the product cost is increased. Chinese patent publication nos. CN103694001A and CN1974494 both propose to add sodium sulfate, sodium chloride, sodium fluoride or mirabilite to reduce the reaction temperature, and although the calcination temperature of the mineral fertilizer containing potassium, which obtains the same effective potassium conversion rate, can be reduced by about 100 ℃, tests prove that the melting point of the material is also greatly reduced, and the problem of narrow calcination range still cannot be solved. Therefore, how to introduce a new technical means to widen the firing range of the potassium-containing mineral fertilizer is particularly urgent for the continuous production of rotary kilns and the low-energy-consumption production, and the research on the aspect is not reported at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an additive for widening the firing range of a potassium-containing mineral fertilizer and the potassium-containing mineral fertilizer, aiming at solving the defects of narrow firing range and easy ring formation in a kiln in the existing production process of the potassium-containing mineral fertilizer, wherein the additive can remarkably widen the firing range of the potassium-containing mineral fertilizer in the high-temperature calcining process of a rotary kiln, improve the operating rate of a kiln system, realize continuous and low-energy-consumption production, save energy, reduce consumption, greatly reduce the production cost and labor intensity, improve the content of effective nutrients in the product, realize high quality and high yield of crops and have remarkable economic benefit. The technical scheme adopted by the invention for realizing the purpose is as follows:
the additive for widening the firing range of the potassium-containing mineral fertilizer comprises the following components in percentage by mass (%):
60-90% of a sodium material;
5-20% of iron material;
5-20% of siliceous material.
The sodium material is one or more of sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, sodium sulfite, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate and sodium nitrate.
The iron material is one or more of ferric sulfate, ferrous sulfate, ferric chloride, ferrous sulfide and ferric oxide.
The siliceous material is quartz or sandstone.
The potassium-containing mineral fertilizer is a silicon-calcium-potassium fertilizer, a silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer, a potassium-calcium fertilizer, a potassium-silicon fertilizer, a calcium-magnesium-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer and derivatives thereof prepared by a high-temperature sintering method, and main nutritional components are effective silicon oxide, effective calcium oxide, effective potassium oxide and effective magnesium oxide which can be absorbed by plant roots.
The potassium-containing mineral fertilizer comprises the additive, wherein the addition amount of the additive is 1-4% of the total mass of the solid raw materials of the potassium-containing mineral fertilizer.
The three components of the additive can be made into powder material with 80 micron screen residue of 10-15% by metering and batching, and then the powder material is mixed with the raw material of the mineral fertilizer containing potassium by a mixer uniformly and then is calcined in a kiln; or the potassium-containing mineral fertilizer can be added into the raw material, and the mixture is ground together with the raw material and then is calcined in a kiln.
Through small and pilot test, the invention discovers that as the radius of sodium ions in a sodium material introduced by the additive is smaller than that of potassium ions in the potassium feldspar, the potassium ions can be replaced from the structure of the potassium feldspar under the high-temperature condition, so that the potassium feldspar is continuously decomposed at a lower temperature, and the content of effective potassium in the potassium-containing mineral fertilizer is increased; although the introduction of sodium ions can reduce the firing temperature of the potassium-containing mineral fertilizer, the melting point of the material is synchronously reduced, so that the firing range moves downwards in parallel, and the widening of the firing range is not facilitated; the iron material is a good flux material at high temperature, has an infiltration effect on the potassium feldspar, enhances the capability of separating potassium ions from potassium feldspar crystal lattices, and promotes the rapid decomposition of the potassium feldspar; the siliceous material introduced into the additive can react with calcium, aluminum or magnesium in the potassium-containing mineral fertilizer to generate melilite with a higher melting point, and a skeleton effect is formed under a high-temperature condition, so that the melting temperature of a reaction phase is increased. Under the comprehensive action of the three materials, the potassium-containing mineral fertilizer sintered at a lower calcining temperature obtains a higher effective potassium conversion rate and reduces the sintering temperature under the action of a sodium material and an iron material; the skeleton action of the high-temperature mineral phase generated by the siliceous material enables the melting point of the material to be kept basically unchanged, thereby obviously widening the firing range of the potassium-containing mineral fertilizer and realizing the continuous and stable production and the obvious reduction of the production energy consumption.
The invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. the additive is added under the condition that the raw material proportion of the potassium-containing mineral fertilizer is not changed, so that the sintering range is widened from the original 25-50 ℃ to 110-160 ℃, the potassium-containing mineral fertilizer sintered in the temperature range is solid phase, the potassium-containing mineral fertilizer can be stably and smoothly discharged from the kiln, and the potassium-containing mineral fertilizer does not stick to the kiln and does not form rings, thereby improving the sintering operation space of central control personnel, eliminating the problems of ring formation and blockage in the calcining process of the rotary kiln, improving the operation rate of a kiln system, realizing continuous and stable production, and reducing the production cost and labor intensity;
2. after the additive is used, the potassium-containing mineral fertilizer can obtain higher effective potassium conversion rate at lower calcining temperature, and the calcining energy consumption is obviously reduced, so that the production cost of the product is further reduced;
3. after the additive disclosed by the invention is used, the introduced iron element and silicon element can be converted into beneficial elements which can be absorbed by plants, so that the fertilizer efficiency of the soil conditioner is increased.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an XRD spectrum of a potassium-containing mineral fertilizer after calcination at 1150 ℃ as provided in the first example of the present invention;
figure 2 is an XRD spectrum of a potassium-containing mineral fertilizer provided in the first example of the present invention after calcination at 1260 ℃.
Detailed Description
For a further understanding of the invention, reference will now be made to the preferred embodiments of the invention in conjunction with the following examples, but it will be understood that the description is intended to illustrate the features and advantages of the invention further, and not to limit the invention.
Example 1
An additive for widening the firing range of a potassium-containing mineral fertilizer comprises the following materials:
60% sodium material (sodium chloride: sodium sulfate ═ 1:1)
20% iron material (ferric sulfate: ferrous sulfate ═ 1:1)
20% quartz
The potassium-containing mineral fertilizer and the additive amount is 1 percent of the total mass of the solid raw materials of the potassium-containing mineral fertilizer.
The XRD pattern of the potassium-containing mineral fertilizer after calcination at 1150 ℃ obtained by mixing the additive of this example with the raw material of the potassium-containing mineral fertilizer is shown in FIG. 1. it can be seen from FIG. 1 that the mineral composition in the solid potassium-containing mineral fertilizer is mainly Ca2MgSi2O7、KAlSi2O6、KAlSiO4And CaSiO3(ii) a The XRD pattern of the potassium containing mineral fertilizer calcined at 1260 ℃ is shown in FIG. 2, and it can be seen from FIG. 2 that the mineral composition in the potassium containing mineral fertilizer is mainly Ca at 1260 ℃2MgSi2O7It is known that, at 1260 ℃, other minerals are molten, and then the melilite is still in a solid crystalline state, so that the potassium-containing mineral fertilizer is entirely in a solid state.
Example 2
An additive for widening the firing range of a potassium-containing mineral fertilizer comprises the following materials:
75% sodium material (sodium sulfite: sodium carbonate 1:1)
12.5% ferrous material (ferric chloride: ferrous sulfide ═ 1:1)
12.5% quartz
The potassium-containing mineral fertilizer and the additive amount is 2 percent of the total mass of the solid raw materials of the potassium-containing mineral fertilizer.
Example 3
An additive for widening the firing range of a potassium-containing mineral fertilizer comprises the following materials:
90% sodium material (sodium bicarbonate: sodium nitrate ═ 1:1)
5% iron material (ferrous chloride: ferric oxide ═ 1:1)
5% quartz
The potassium-containing mineral fertilizer and the additive amount is 4 percent of the total mass of the solid raw materials of the potassium-containing mineral fertilizer.
Example 4
An additive for widening the firing range of a potassium-containing mineral fertilizer comprises the following materials:
60% sodium material (sodium chloride: sodium sulfate ═ 2:1)
20% iron material (ferric sulfate: ferrous sulfate ═ 2:1)
20% sandstone
The potassium-containing mineral fertilizer and the additive amount is 1 percent of the total mass of the solid raw materials of the potassium-containing mineral fertilizer.
Example 5
An additive for widening the firing range of a potassium-containing mineral fertilizer comprises the following materials:
75% sodium material (sodium sulfite: sodium carbonate: 2:1)
12.5% ferrous material (ferric chloride: ferrous sulfide ═ 2:1)
12.5% sandstone
The potassium-containing mineral fertilizer and the additive amount is 2 percent of the total mass of the solid raw materials of the potassium-containing mineral fertilizer.
Example 6
An additive for widening the firing range of a potassium-containing mineral fertilizer comprises the following materials:
90% sodium material (sodium bicarbonate: sodium nitrate ═ 2:1)
5% iron material (ferrous chloride: ferric oxide ═ 2:1)
5% sandstone
The potassium-containing mineral fertilizer and the additive amount is 4 percent of the total mass of the solid raw materials of the potassium-containing mineral fertilizer.
Example 7
An additive for widening the firing range of a potassium-containing mineral fertilizer comprises the following materials:
60% sodium material (sodium chloride: sodium sulfate ═ 1:2)
20% iron material (ferric sulfate: ferrous sulfate ═ 1:2)
20% quartz
The potassium-containing mineral fertilizer and the additive amount is 1 percent of the total mass of the solid raw materials of the potassium-containing mineral fertilizer.
Example 8
An additive for widening the firing range of a potassium-containing mineral fertilizer comprises the following materials:
75% sodium material (sodium sulfite: sodium carbonate 1:2)
12.5% ferrous material (ferric chloride: ferrous sulfide ═ 1:2)
12.5% quartz
The potassium-containing mineral fertilizer and the additive amount is 2 percent of the total mass of the solid raw materials of the potassium-containing mineral fertilizer.
Example 9
An additive for widening the firing range of a potassium-containing mineral fertilizer comprises the following materials:
90% sodium material (sodium bicarbonate: sodium nitrate ═ 1:2)
5% iron material (ferrous chloride: ferric oxide ═ 1:2)
5% quartz
The potassium-containing mineral fertilizer and the additive amount is 4 percent of the total mass of the solid raw materials of the potassium-containing mineral fertilizer.
Blank examples
The potassium-containing mineral fertilizer has the additive amount of 0.
Comparative examples
The potassium-containing mineral fertilizer is prepared by separately adding 4% of sodium sulfate as an additive.
The potassium-containing mineral fertilizer used in the test of the embodiment is powder prepared by mixing potassium feldspar, dolomite and limestone in proportion and then grinding the mixture to 80 microns with 15 percent of screen residue; the additives are respectively ground into powder with 80 microns of screen residue of 15 percent according to different compositions for standby. The method comprises the following steps of replacing certain mass of potassium-containing mineral fertilizer with different components and different doping amounts of additives by mass respectively, uniformly mixing, calcining at different temperatures, determining the sintering range of a sample, detecting the effective potassium content of the sintered sample according to a standard NY/T-2273 after air cooling, and calculating the effective potassium conversion rate according to the effective potassium conversion rate (%) -effective potassium content/total potassium oxide content 100, wherein the results are shown in a table 1:
TABLE 1 test and Industrial production results
Remarking: the value of the sintering temperature is the sintering temperature when the effective potassium conversion rate in the potassium-containing mineral fertilizer is 80 percent.
Claims (2)
1. The additive for widening the firing range of the potassium-containing mineral fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass (%):
60-90% of a sodium material;
5-20% of iron material;
5-20% of siliceous material;
the sodium material is as follows: one or more of sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, sodium sulfite, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate and sodium nitrate;
the iron material is as follows: one or more of ferric sulfate, ferrous sulfate, ferric chloride, ferrous sulfide and ferric oxide;
the siliceous material is quartz or sandstone;
the potassium-containing mineral fertilizer is prepared from potassium feldspar, dolomite and limestone.
2. A potassium-containing mineral fertilizer characterized by comprising the additive according to claim 1 in an amount of 1 to 4% by mass based on the total mass of the solid raw materials of the potassium-containing mineral fertilizer.
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| CN113620724A (en) * | 2021-08-31 | 2021-11-09 | 葫芦岛连石农业有限公司 | Method for producing silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer by utilizing dolomitic limestone |
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