CN109623195B - Heat-resistant and wear-resistant metal ceramic flux-cored wire for surfacing - Google Patents
Heat-resistant and wear-resistant metal ceramic flux-cored wire for surfacing Download PDFInfo
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Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0255—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in welding
- B23K35/0261—Rods, electrodes, wires
- B23K35/0266—Rods, electrodes, wires flux-cored
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/32—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at more than 1550 degrees C
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/40—Making wire or rods for soldering or welding
- B23K35/406—Filled tubular wire or rods
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Nonmetallic Welding Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a metal ceramic flux-cored wire for heat-resistant and wear-resistant surfacing, which consists of the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 5-10% of boron powder, 35-45% of molybdenum powder, 2-5% of metal chromium, 1-2% of metal nickel, 0.5-1.2% of graphite, 0.3-3% of ferrovanadium, 2-4% of composite ceramic reinforcing material, 0.5-1.0% of cerium oxide, 1.0-2.0% of nano titanium carbide and the balance of iron powder. The composite reinforced material is a mixture of zirconia and aluminum carbide, and the mass ratio of the zirconia to the aluminum carbide is 3-5: 1. by introducing ternary boride Mo2FeB2The composite reinforcing material is added into the iron-based surfacing material of the reinforcing phase, so that the hardness and the wear resistance of the surfacing metal are effectively improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of welding materials, and particularly relates to a metal ceramic flux-cored wire for heat-resistant and wear-resistant surfacing, which is suitable for surfacing of hot-working dies.
Background
Mo2FeB2The ternary boride-based cermet has high melting point, high hardness, excellent high-temperature stability and corrosion resistance, and is widely applied to the fields of automobile, energy, equipment manufacturing and the like. Further, Mo2FeB2The main preparation raw materials of the base cermet are low-price powder such as Mo, Fe, FeB and the like, the preparation cost is far lower than that of hard alloy, strategic materials such as W, Co and the like are not needed, and the cost is lower compared with that of Ti (C, N) base cermet. At present, Mo2FeB2Base cermets have found application in machining, die making and petrochemical industries. The high-density Mo can be prepared by applying a reactive boronizing sintering method at present2FeB2Based on cermet and avoids the formation of brittle phases.
In the 80 s of the 20 th century, a novel reactive boronizing sintering process was developed by Japan K.K., and Mo was successfully produced2FeB2、Mo2NiB2The principle of the ternary boride metal-based ceramics is that in the sintering process, binary boride is easy to react with a matrix to generate a ternary boride ceramic hard phase.
Mo prepared by vacuum reaction sintering technology in 20132FeB2Experiments show that the Mo is caused by increasing the sintering temperature or prolonging the heat preservation time of the base hard alloy2FeB2The shape of the alloy changes from spherical to strip and the bending strength of the alloy is reduced (see Zeanxian, Guo Shimang, etc.. Mo2FeB2Preparation of novel cemented carbide]Powder metallurgy industry, 2013 (23): 32-36).
Wangkong et al studied Mo in different sintering atmospheres such as vacuum, argon and nitrogen2FeB2Influence of the structure and properties of the metal-based ceramic. The result shows that in the argon atmosphere, the wettability of the hard phase in the liquid phase is poor, so that the mechanical property of the hard phase is reduced; under the conditions of nitrogen and high temperature, Fe and N2React to form Fe3N, finally, an ideal sintered body is not obtained; however, in vacuum atmosphere, the structure and performance of the metal-based ceramic are relatively ideal (see Wangqiong, Zhengyong, Ouchai, and sintering atmosphere for Mo2FeB2Influence of the microstructure and mechanical Properties of the base cermet [ J]Cemented carbide, 2010 (27): 28 l-286).
Mo2FeB2The preparation of ternary boride metal-based ceramic material, powder metallurgy material and partial coating material basically adopts sintering process. The preparation cost of the ternary boride material is increased due to expensive sintering equipment and a complicated vacuum sintering process, and the application of the ternary boride material is limited. The surfacing welding is easy to realize the automation of the preparation process, simple to operate and flexible to use, and is particularly suitable for preparing ternary boride coatings on the surfaces of parts with complex shapes and large parts, so that the application prospect of the ternary boride coatings is wider. Because of high temperature and short metallurgical reaction time of surfacing welding, the ternary boride Mo2FeB2The forming mechanism of the welding material is obviously different from sintering, the welding material is difficult to design, and the research on the surfacing welding material is not much.
Zhou Xiao Ping et al utilize reactive thermal spraying technique inSurface preparation of Mo for steel2FeB2The ceramic coating has excellent wear resistance and heat cracking resistance, and the microhardness of the cladding layer can reach 1200HV (see X.P.Zhou, X.B.u, Y.S.Xu. the microstructure and properties of coating from Mo2FeB2 cermet on surface of H13 steel by reactive f1ame spraying[J].Advanced Materials Research，2010(97-101)：1321-1327)。
Preparing Mo on steel substrate surface by utilizing spark plasma sintering technology of Jinyaxu and the like2FeB2The ternary boride coating shows that under the conditions of 1050 ℃ and 5min of heat preservation, a ceramic coating with the relative density of 99.2 percent can be obtained, the microhardness can reach 1400HV, and the wear resistance is about 2.5 times of that of a steel matrix (see Jinyaxu, Tianyuming, Zhouxihua discharge plasma sintering method for preparing the ternary boride-based wear-resistant coating material [ J]Hot working process, 2010, 39 (12): 83-86).
The first preparation of Mo by the vacuum reaction2FeB2Particles are then successfully obtained to be Mo on the surface of the steel by an induction cladding method2FeB2The coating is a strengthened phase coating, and the result shows that the structure distribution of the coating is uniform, the pores are less, the Rockwell hardness is about 65.5HRC, and the coating has better wear resistance than YG8 hard alloy (see the flexo-Jack, Guo Shimang, etc2FeB2Organization and performance study of/Fe wear-resistant coating [ J]Powder metallurgy industry, 2013, 23 (4): 27-32).
Liuhui and the like react in situ on an iron matrix by using an argon arc cladding technology to generate cladding layers with different Mo/B ratios. The results show that the cladding layer is mainly composed of Mo2FeB2And M3B2The micro-hardness of the solid solution composed of the hard phase and the alloys of Fe, Mo, Cr and the like is between 1000-1200HV, so that the wear resistance of the matrix can be effectively improved (see Liuhui, Liuzond and the like2FeB2Investigation of cladding layer [ C]The university of north china electricity university fifth research academy exchange annual meeting proceedings, 2007: 71-75).
Patent CN108971799A discloses a cermet alloy powder for plasma arc build-up weldingAnd finally, the wear-resistant and heat-resistant metal ceramic alloy powder for the thermal plasma arc surfacing, which takes MoFeB ternary boride as a main hard phase and martensite as a matrix, is prepared. By adding the nano titanium carbide powder and the yttrium oxide powder into the iron-based powder, the MoFeB ternary boride hard phase is dispersed and distributed, the content of impurities in surfacing is reduced, the technical requirements of surfacing metal are met, and the method is suitable for hot-work die surfacing. But currently with the ternary boride Mo2FeB2The hardness and wear resistance of the welding material for iron-based surfacing for strengthening phase still need to be further improved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a metal ceramic flux-cored wire for heat-resistant and wear-resistant surfacing welding, which is prepared by adding ternary boride Mo2FeB2The composite reinforced ceramic material is added into the iron-based surfacing material of the reinforcing phase, so that the hardness and the wear resistance of the surfacing metal are effectively improved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the following technical scheme is adopted in the application:
a heat-resistant and wear-resistant metal ceramic flux-cored wire comprises a wire tube wall and powder coated in the wire tube wall; the medicinal powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 20-38% of boron powder, 35-45% of molybdenum powder, 2-5% of metal chromium, 1-2% of metal nickel, 0.5-1.2% of graphite, 0.3-3% of ferrovanadium, 2-4% of composite ceramic reinforcing material, 0.5-1.0% of cerium oxide, 1.0-2.0% of nano titanium carbide and the balance of iron powder;
the composite reinforced ceramic material is a mixture of zirconia and aluminum carbide, and the mass ratio of the zirconia to the aluminum carbide is 3-5: 1, preparing by a ball milling method. The research of the application finds that: ball-milled zirconia/aluminum carbide mixture in Mo2FeB2In the process of forming the ternary boride hard phase, aluminum carbide and zirconia particles are melted and aggregated together and are dispersed and distributed in the generated ceramic phase, so that the hardness and the wear resistance of the surfacing metal are effectively improved.
In some embodiments, the ball milling conditions are: the dry milling process is adopted, the milling balls are made of zirconium dioxide (which is the same as the material to be milled and avoids impurities from being mixed), the ball-material ratio is 8: 1-10: 1, the ball milling time is 1-3 hours, and the rotating speed is 600 plus materials and 800 revolutions per minute. The ball-material ratio, the ball milling time and the rotating speed are controlled, so that the particle size of the ball-milled material is 1-2 mu m.
In some embodiments, the powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 20-29% of boron powder, 35-40% of molybdenum powder, 2-3.5% of metal chromium, 1-1.5% of metal nickel, 0.5-0.9% of graphite, 0.3-1.8% of ferrovanadium, 2-3% of composite ceramic reinforcing material, 0.5-0.75% of cerium oxide, 1.0-1.5% of nano titanium carbide and the balance of iron powder.
The preferred embodiments are: the pipe wall of the flux-cored wire is prepared from a 304 steel belt with the thickness of 0.3-0.5 mm and the width of 14-16 mm; the chemical components are preferably as follows by mass percent: 17.5 to 19.5 percent of Cr, 8.0 to 10.5 percent of Ni, not more than 0.07 percent of C, not more than 0.75 percent of Si, not more than 2.0 percent of Mn, not more than 0.030 percent of S, not more than 0.045 percent of P, not more than 0.10 percent of N, and the balance of Fe and impurities which do not influence the performance.
The filling rate of the metal ceramic flux-cored wire for surfacing is 30-55% (the filling rate is the ratio of the mass of the powder to the sum of the powder and the mass of the steel strip), and the powder is limited, so that the powder raw material is high-purity metal powder, iron alloy is not used, such as boron powder, and ferroboron is not used; the alloy steel strip 304 is adopted to transition Cr and Ni, so that the addition of Cr and Ni in the powder is reduced, and the addition of other powder is relatively increased; the flux-cored wire is protected by argon-rich gas, has small oxidability, does not need to adopt silicon-manganese combined deoxidation, and does not need to add manganese and silicon.
The boron powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass, wherein B is not less than 95%; the molybdenum powder comprises the components of not less than 99.8 percent of Mo in percentage by mass; the Cr content of the metal chromium is not less than 98 percent in mass percentage; the Ni content of the metal nickel is not less than 98 percent in mass percentage; the graphite comprises 94-99% of C by mass percent; the ferrovanadium comprises 75-85% of V, not more than 0.06% of C, not more than 2% of Si, not more than 1.5% of Al, and the balance of Fe and impurities which do not influence performance; the component of the zirconia is, by mass percent, ZrO2The content is not less than 99 percent; the composition of the aluminum carbide is calculated by mass percent, Al4C3In an amount of not less than99 percent; the iron powder is atomized iron powder, and the content of Fe is not less than 99.9 percent in mass percentage; the cerium oxide is composed of, by mass, CeO2The content is not less than 99.9%; the nano titanium carbide comprises the components with the weight percentage of TiC content not less than 99.9%. For the surfacing alloy powder of the invention, the boron powder, the molybdenum powder, the metal chromium, the metal nickel, the graphite, the ferrovanadium, the zirconium oxide, the aluminum carbide and the atomized iron powder preferably have particle sizes of 75-180 micrometers (i.e., particle sizes of-80 meshes to +200 meshes). The average grain diameter of the nano titanium carbide is 40 nanometers. The particle size of the cerium oxide is 80-120 microns.
The preparation method of the metal ceramic flux-cored wire for heat-resistant and wear-resistant surfacing comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) weighing zirconium oxide and aluminum carbide according to the formula of the powder, and performing dry ball milling to obtain the composite ceramic reinforced material.
Weighing the powder according to the proportion of the powder formula, weighing boron powder, molybdenum powder, chromium metal, nickel metal, graphite, ferrovanadium, cerium oxide, nano titanium carbide, iron powder and the like according to the proportion of the formula, adding the ball-milled composite ceramic reinforcing material into the powder, and mixing the powder for 8-10 minutes to obtain the powder.
Wherein: the formula of the medicinal powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 20-38% of boron powder, 35-45% of molybdenum powder, 2-5% of metal chromium, 1-2% of metal nickel, 0.5-1.2% of graphite, 0.3-3% of ferrovanadium, 2-4% of composite ceramic reinforcing material, 0.5-1.0% of cerium oxide, 1.0-2.0% of nano titanium carbide and the balance of iron powder; the composite reinforced ceramic material is a mixture of zirconia and aluminum carbide, and the mass ratio of the zirconia to the aluminum carbide is 3-5: 1. the average grain diameter of the nano titanium carbide powder is 40 nanometers, and the grain diameters of other powders are 75 to 180 micrometers (namely the grain diameter is-80 to +200 meshes);
(2) cleaning a 304 stainless steel strip which is 14-16 mm wide and 0.3-0.5 mm thick by using ultrasonic cleaning equipment, rolling the steel strip into a U shape by using the conventional flux-cored wire production equipment, and adding the medicinal powder prepared in the step (1) into the U-shaped groove, wherein the filling rate (the ratio of the mass of the medicinal powder to the mass of the flux-cored wire) is 30-55%;
(3) closing the U-shaped groove to wrap the powdered medicine therein, wherein the closed part adopts a lap joint mode (the width of the lap joint part is 1-2mm and is ensured by a forming roller of the existing flux-cored wire production equipment); drawing and reducing the diameter of the steel wire by drawing die, and finally making the diameter of the steel wire reach 2.4-4.0 mm.
(4) And (4) winding the flux-cored welding wire layer obtained in the step (3) into a coil to obtain a finished product of the metal ceramic flux-cored welding wire for heat-resistant and wear-resistant surfacing.
The welding process of the metal ceramic flux-cored wire for the heat-resistant and wear-resistant surfacing recommends adopting an argon-rich gas shielded welding MAG process, and the specific welding process is the same as that researched before and comprises the following steps: welding current 300A-450A; the voltage is 28V-42V; the gas flow is 18L/min-23L/min; the dry elongation of the welding wire is 14mm-28 mm. The welding wire has the advantages of good welding process performance, stable electric arc, small splashing and good crack resistance. The hardness of the surfacing metal is HRC 61-68.
The invention has the following remarkable effects:
(1) the flux-cored wire has good process performance, is suitable for automatic welding and has high welding production efficiency.
(2) The components of deposited metal can be adjusted by changing the components of the flux-cored wire powder, so that series products can be manufactured for different hot-work die steels, and the application range is wide.
(3) The flux-cored wire optimizes the contents of Mo, B, Cr, Ni and nano titanium carbide, so that the surfacing metal has good high-temperature oxidation resistance and high-temperature hardness, and is excellent in toughness, crack resistance and fatigue resistance, and the service life of a hot-working die is remarkably prolonged.
(4) The flux-cored wire effectively improves the effect of using ternary boride Mo by adding the composite reinforced ceramic material into the powder2FeB2The hardness and the wear resistance of the iron-based surfacing material serving as a reinforcing phase.
(5) The invention reduces the inclusion content in the surfacing metal, spheroidizes the inclusions, refines the crystal grains and improves the toughness, plasticity and fatigue resistance of the surfacing metal by optimizing the steel strip and the raw materials of the powder (such as selecting pure metal and using less ferroalloy) and adding the rare earth cerium oxide.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the application and, together with the description, serve to explain the application and are not intended to limit the application.
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron micrograph of a deposited metal according to example 1;
FIG. 2 is a scanning electron micrograph of a deposited metal of comparative example 1.
Therefore, the modified Mo of the composite reinforced ceramic material of the application2FeB2The hard phase (black) is refined and uniformly distributed.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
In the following examples, the preparation method of the composite ceramic reinforcing material was: zirconium oxide and aluminum carbide are used as raw materials, a dry ball milling process is adopted, the grinding balls are zirconium dioxide, the ball-material ratio is 8: 1-10: 1, the ball milling time is 1-3 hours, and the rotating speed is 600-800 rpm. The particle size of the composite ceramic reinforcing material after ball milling is 1-2 μm.
Example 1:
(1) the formula of the powder comprises, by mass, 20% of boron powder, 32% of molybdenum powder, 4% of metal chromium, 1.0% of metal nickel, 1.0% of graphite, 3% of ferrovanadium, 1.5% of a composite ceramic reinforcing material (the mass ratio of zirconia to aluminum carbide is 3: 1, the particle size is 1-2 μm by dry ball milling), 1.0% of cerium oxide, 1.0% of nano titanium carbide and the balance of iron powder. The average grain diameter of the nano titanium carbide powder is 40 nanometers, and the grain diameters of other powders are 75 to 180 micrometers (namely the grain diameter is-80 to +200 meshes). Weighing the components according to the formula ratio, and mixing the components for 10 minutes to obtain medicinal powder;
(2) cleaning a 304 stainless steel strip with the width of 14mm and the thickness of 0.3mm by using ultrasonic cleaning equipment, rolling the steel strip into a U shape by using the conventional flux-cored wire production equipment, and adding the medicinal powder prepared in the step (1) into the U-shaped groove, wherein the filling rate (the ratio of the mass of the medicinal powder to the mass of the flux-cored wire) is 35%;
(3) closing the U-shaped groove to wrap the medicinal powder therein, wherein the closed part adopts a lap joint mode; drawing and reducing the diameter of the steel wire by drawing die, and finally making the diameter of the steel wire reach 2.4 mm.
(4) And (4) winding the flux-cored welding wire layer obtained in the step (3) into a coil to obtain a metal ceramic flux-cored welding wire finished product for surfacing welding.
The metal ceramic flux-cored wire for surfacing adopts argon-rich gas Ar + 1% CO2Overlaying welding by protected gas metal arc welding with welding current of 300A; the voltage is 28V; the gas flow is 18L/min; the welding wire extends for 14 mm. The welding wire has the advantages of good welding process performance, stable electric arc, small splashing and good crack resistance. The hardness of the surfacing metal is HRC61, and the test value of the impact toughness of the U-shaped notch is 2.13J/cm2And surfacing on the surface of 5CrNiMo die steel with the thickness of 80mm, and preheating at 50 ℃ to prevent cracks.
Example 2:
(1) the formula of the powder comprises, by mass, 38% of boron powder, 48% of molybdenum powder, 2% of metal chromium, 1.0% of graphite, 0.5% of ferrovanadium, 2% of a composite ceramic reinforcing material (the mass ratio of zirconia to aluminum carbide is 4: 1, the particle size is 1-2 μm by dry ball milling), 1.5% of cerium oxide, 2.0% of nano titanium carbide and the balance of iron powder. The average grain diameter of the nano titanium carbide powder is 40 nanometers, and the grain diameters of other powders are 75 to 180 micrometers (namely the grain diameter is-80 to +200 meshes). Weighing the components according to the formula ratio, and mixing the components for 8 minutes to obtain medicinal powder;
(2) cleaning an SPCC steel strip with the width of 16mm and the thickness of 0.3mm by using ultrasonic cleaning equipment, rolling the steel strip into a U shape by using the conventional flux-cored wire production equipment, and adding the medicinal powder prepared in the step (1) into the U-shaped groove, wherein the filling rate (the ratio of the mass of the medicinal powder to the mass of the flux-cored wire) is 55 percent;
(3) closing the U-shaped groove to wrap the medicinal powder therein, wherein the closed part adopts a lap joint mode; drawing and reducing the diameter of the steel wire by drawing die, and finally making the diameter of the steel wire reach 4.0 mm.
(4) And (4) winding the flux-cored welding wire layer obtained in the step (3) into a coil to obtain a metal ceramic flux-cored welding wire finished product for surfacing welding.
The metal ceramic flux-cored wire for surfacing adopts Ar +1.5 percent CO2Overlaying welding by argon-rich gas shielded welding with welding current of 450A; a voltage of 42V; the gas flow is 23L/min; the welding wire extends for 28 mm. The welding wire has the advantages of good welding process performance, stable electric arc, small splashing and good crack resistance. The hardness of the surfacing metal is HRC 68.
Example 3:
(1) the formula of the powder preparation comprises, by mass, 32% of boron powder, 45% of molybdenum powder, 1.0% of graphite, 5% of ferrovanadium, 4% of a composite ceramic reinforcing material (the mass ratio of zirconia to aluminum carbide is 5: 1, and the particle size is 1-2 μm by dry ball milling), 2.0% of cerium oxide, 2.0% of nano titanium carbide, and the balance of iron powder. The average grain diameter of the nano titanium carbide powder is 40 nanometers, and the grain diameters of other powders are 75 to 180 micrometers (namely the grain diameter is-80 to +200 meshes). Weighing the components according to the formula proportion, and mixing the components for 9 minutes to obtain medicinal powder;
(2) cleaning a 304 stainless steel strip with the width of 16mm and the thickness of 0.5mm by using ultrasonic cleaning equipment, rolling the steel strip into a U shape by using the conventional flux-cored wire production equipment, and adding the medicinal powder prepared in the step (1) into the U-shaped groove, wherein the filling rate (the ratio of the mass of the medicinal powder to the mass of the flux-cored wire) is 40%;
(3) closing the U-shaped groove to wrap the medicinal powder therein, wherein the closed part adopts a lap joint mode; drawing and reducing the diameter of the steel wire by drawing die, and finally making the diameter of the steel wire reach 3.2 mm.
(4) And (4) winding the flux-cored welding wire layer obtained in the step (3) into a coil to obtain a metal ceramic flux-cored welding wire finished product for surfacing welding.
The metal ceramic flux-cored wire for hot-work die surfacing adopts Ar + 1% CO2Argon-rich gas shielded welding build-up welding, welding current390A; a voltage of 38V; the gas flow is 20L/min; the welding wire extends for 20 mm. The welding wire has the advantages of good welding process performance, stable electric arc, small splashing and good crack resistance. The hardness of the surfacing metal is HRC 64.
Comparative example 1
(1) The formula of the powder comprises, by mass, 20% of ferroboron, 32% of molybdenum powder, 4% of metal chromium, 1.0% of metal nickel, 1.0% of graphite, 3% of ferrovanadium, 1.0% of cerium oxide, 1.0% of nano titanium carbide and the balance of iron powder. The average grain diameter of the nano titanium carbide powder is 40 nanometers, and the grain diameters of other powders are 75 to 180 micrometers (namely the grain diameter is-80 to +200 meshes). Weighing the components according to the formula ratio, and mixing the components for 10 minutes to obtain medicinal powder;
(2) cleaning a 304 stainless steel strip with the width of 14mm and the thickness of 0.3mm by using ultrasonic cleaning equipment, rolling the steel strip into a U shape by using the conventional flux-cored wire production equipment, and adding the medicinal powder prepared in the step (1) into the U-shaped groove, wherein the filling rate (the ratio of the mass of the medicinal powder to the mass of the flux-cored wire) is 35%;
(3) closing the U-shaped groove to wrap the medicinal powder therein, wherein the closed part adopts a lap joint mode; drawing and reducing the diameter of the steel wire by drawing die, and finally making the diameter of the steel wire reach 2.4 mm.
(4) And (4) winding the flux-cored welding wire layer obtained in the step (3) into a coil to obtain a metal ceramic flux-cored welding wire finished product for surfacing welding.
The metal ceramic flux-cored wire for surfacing adopts argon-rich gas Ar + 1% CO2Overlaying welding by protected gas metal arc welding with welding current of 300A; the voltage is 28V; the gas flow is 18L/min; the welding wire extends for 14 mm. The hardness of the surfacing metal is HRC 53. The test value of the impact toughness of the U-shaped notch is 1.57J/cm2And 5CrNiMo die steel with the thickness of 80mm is subjected to surface overlaying, and cracks can not appear until the temperature is preheated to 210 ℃.
In comparison with example 1, Mo is observed2FeB2The composite ceramic reinforcing material formed by adding zirconia and aluminum carbide into the ternary boride can effectively improve the hardness, toughness and crack resistance of a hard phase.
Comparative example 2
(1) The formula of the powder comprises, by mass, 20% of ferroboron, 32% of molybdenum powder, 4% of metal chromium, 1.0% of metal nickel, 1.0% of graphite, 3% of ferrovanadium, 1.5% of zirconium oxide (particle size is 1-2 μm), 1.0% of cerium oxide, 1.0% of nano titanium carbide and the balance of iron powder. The average grain diameter of the nano titanium carbide powder is 40 nanometers, and the grain diameters of other powders are 75 to 180 micrometers (namely the grain diameter is-80 to +200 meshes). Weighing the components according to the formula ratio, and mixing the components for 10 minutes to obtain medicinal powder;
(2) cleaning a 304 stainless steel strip with the width of 14mm and the thickness of 0.3mm by using ultrasonic cleaning equipment, rolling the steel strip into a U shape by using the conventional flux-cored wire production equipment, and adding the medicinal powder prepared in the step (1) into the U-shaped groove, wherein the filling rate (the ratio of the mass of the medicinal powder to the mass of the flux-cored wire) is 35%;
(3) closing the U-shaped groove to wrap the medicinal powder therein, wherein the closed part adopts a lap joint mode; drawing and reducing the diameter of the steel wire by drawing die, and finally making the diameter of the steel wire reach 2.4 mm.
(4) And (4) winding the flux-cored welding wire layer obtained in the step (3) into a coil to obtain a metal ceramic flux-cored welding wire finished product for surfacing welding.
The metal ceramic flux-cored wire for surfacing adopts argon-rich gas Ar + 1% CO2Overlaying welding by protected gas metal arc welding with welding current of 300A; the voltage is 28V; the gas flow is 18L/min; the welding wire extends for 14 mm. The welding wire has the advantages of good welding process performance, stable electric arc, small splashing and good crack resistance. The hardness of the surfacing metal is HRC 58.
As compared with example 1, the composite ceramic reinforcing material composed of zirconia and aluminum carbide was found to be relatively single in the amount of zirconia to Mo2FeB2The enhancement effect of the hardness and the wear resistance of the ternary boride is better.
Comparative example 3
(1) The formula of the powder comprises, by mass, 20% of ferroboron, 32% of molybdenum powder, 4% of metal chromium, 1.0% of metal nickel, 1.0% of graphite, 3% of ferrovanadium, 1.5% of aluminum carbide (particle size is 1-2 μm), 1.0% of cerium oxide, 1.0% of nano titanium carbide and the balance of iron powder. The average grain diameter of the nano titanium carbide powder is 40 nanometers, and the grain diameters of other powders are 75 to 180 micrometers (namely the grain diameter is-80 to +200 meshes). Weighing the components according to the formula ratio, and mixing the components for 10 minutes to obtain medicinal powder;
(2) cleaning a 304 stainless steel strip with the width of 14mm and the thickness of 0.3mm by using ultrasonic cleaning equipment, rolling the steel strip into a U shape by using the conventional flux-cored wire production equipment, and adding the medicinal powder prepared in the step (1) into the U-shaped groove, wherein the filling rate (the ratio of the mass of the medicinal powder to the mass of the flux-cored wire) is 35%;
(3) closing the U-shaped groove to wrap the medicinal powder therein, wherein the closed part adopts a lap joint mode; drawing and reducing the diameter of the steel wire by drawing die, and finally making the diameter of the steel wire reach 2.4 mm.
(4) And (4) winding the flux-cored welding wire layer obtained in the step (3) into a coil to obtain a metal ceramic flux-cored welding wire finished product for surfacing welding.
The metal ceramic flux-cored wire for surfacing adopts argon-rich gas Ar + 1% CO2Overlaying welding by protected gas metal arc welding with welding current of 300A; the voltage is 28V; the gas flow is 18L/min; the welding wire extends for 14 mm. The welding wire has the advantages of good welding process performance, stable electric arc, small splashing and good crack resistance. The hardness of the surfacing metal is HRC 55.
As compared with example 1, the composite ceramic reinforcing material composed of zirconia and aluminum carbide was found to contain a single pair of Mo and aluminum carbide2FeB2The hardness and the wear resistance of the ternary boride are enhanced better, and the ternary boride and the wear resistance enhance Mo2FeB2The hardness and the wear resistance of the ternary boride play a role in synergy.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and equivalents can be made in the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalents thereof. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made without inventive efforts by those skilled in the art based on the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The metal ceramic flux-cored wire for heat-resistant and wear-resistant surfacing is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 20-38% of boron powder, 35-45% of molybdenum powder, 2-5% of metal chromium, 1-2% of metal nickel, 0.5-1.2% of graphite, 0.3-3% of ferrovanadium, 2-4% of composite ceramic reinforcing material, 0.5-1.0% of cerium oxide, 1.0-2.0% of nano titanium carbide and the balance of iron powder;
the composite ceramic reinforcing material is a mixture of zirconia and aluminum carbide, and the mass ratio of the zirconia to the aluminum carbide is 3-5: 1, preparing by dry ball milling.
2. The welding wire as defined in claim 1, wherein said raw materials are in weight percent as follows: 20-29% of boron powder, 35-40% of molybdenum powder, 2-3.5% of metal chromium, 1-1.5% of metal nickel, 0.5-0.9% of graphite, 0.3-1.8% of ferrovanadium, 2-3% of composite ceramic reinforcing material, 0.5-0.75% of cerium oxide, 1.0-1.5% of nano titanium carbide and the balance of iron powder.
3. The welding wire as defined in claim 1, wherein the cerium oxide has a particle size of 80 to 120 μm.
4. The welding wire claimed in claim 1 wherein the nano titanium carbide has an average grain size of 40 nm.
5. The welding wire claimed in claim 1 wherein the particle size of each metal powder in the feedstock is in the range of 75 microns to 180 microns.
6. The welding wire as defined in claim 1, wherein the boron powder has a composition, in mass%, of not less than 95% B, not more than 0.1% C, not more than 4.0% Si, not more than 3.0% Al, not more than 0.01% S, not more than 0.03% P; the molybdenum powder contains Mo in percentage by massLess than 99.8%; the Cr content of the metal chromium is not less than 98 percent in mass percentage; the Ni content of the metal nickel is not less than 98 percent in mass percentage; the graphite comprises 94-99% of C by mass percent; the ferrovanadium comprises 75-85% of V, not more than 0.06% of C, not more than 2% of Si, not more than 1.5% of Al, and the balance of Fe and impurities which do not influence performance; the component of the zirconia is, by mass percent, ZrO2The content is not less than 99 percent; the composition of the aluminum carbide is calculated by mass percent, Al4C3The content is not less than 99 percent; the iron powder is atomized iron powder, and the content of Fe is not less than 99.9 percent in mass percentage; the cerium oxide is composed of, by mass, CeO2The content is not less than 99.9%; the nano titanium carbide comprises the components with the weight percentage of TiC content not less than 99.9%.
7. The welding wire according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the cermet flux-cored wire for hot hardfacing employs an argon-rich gas shielded arc welding MAG with a welding current of 300A to 450A; the voltage is 28V-42V; the gas flow is 18L/min-23L/min; the dry elongation of the welding wire is 14mm-28 mm.
8. The method for preparing the cermet flux-cored wire for hardfacing of claim 1, comprising:
(1) powder preparation: weighing zirconium oxide and aluminum carbide according to the formula of the powder, and performing dry ball milling to obtain a composite ceramic reinforced material;
weighing the powder according to the proportion of the powder formula, weighing boron powder, molybdenum powder, chromium metal, nickel metal, graphite, ferrovanadium, cerium oxide, nano titanium carbide and iron powder according to the proportion of the formula, adding the ball-milled composite ceramic reinforcing material into the powder, and mixing the powder for 8-10 minutes to obtain powder;
(2) cleaning a 304 stainless steel strip which is 14-16 mm wide and 0.3-0.5 mm thick by using ultrasonic cleaning equipment, rolling the steel strip into a U shape by using the conventional flux-cored wire production equipment, and adding the medicinal powder prepared in the step (1) into the U-shaped groove, wherein the filling rate is 30-55%;
(3) closing the U-shaped groove to wrap the powdered medicine therein, wherein the closed part adopts a lap joint mode: drawing and reducing the diameter of the steel wire by drawing die, and finally making the diameter of the steel wire reach 2.4-4.0 mm;
(4) and (4) winding the flux-cored welding wire layer obtained in the step (3) into a coil to obtain a finished product of the metal ceramic flux-cored welding wire for heat-resistant and wear-resistant surfacing.
9. Use of the welding wire of any one of claims 1 to 6 for equipment manufacturing and workpiece repair.
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| CN111203670B (en) * | 2020-03-11 | 2021-04-02 | 山东大学 | Composite particle reinforced metal powder-cored welding wire for CMT arc additive manufacturing and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN111590079B (en) * | 2020-05-08 | 2022-04-01 | 华中科技大学 | Nano oxide dispersion strengthened steel part and rapid additive manufacturing method thereof |
| CN114309578A (en) * | 2021-03-22 | 2022-04-12 | 武汉钜能科技有限责任公司 | Wear-resistant metal ceramic powder, application thereof and wear-resistant metal ceramic |
| CN113042927B (en) * | 2021-04-22 | 2022-07-12 | 西安理工大学 | Low alloy steel-stainless steel composite pipe and preparation method thereof |
| CN113210930B (en) * | 2021-05-21 | 2022-07-26 | 泰安市瑞朗科技有限公司 | Flux-cored wire for hot forging die repair and using method thereof |
| CN113478121B (en) * | 2021-06-28 | 2022-07-08 | 西安理工大学 | Ceramic particle reinforced Cu-based flux-cored wire and low-carbon steel surface modification method |
| CN114700654A (en) * | 2022-04-21 | 2022-07-05 | 潍坊昌成耐磨材料有限公司 | Ceramic particle welding wire for roller surface of roller press and preparation method thereof |
| CN115213507B (en) * | 2022-06-29 | 2024-04-16 | 潜江市江汉钻具有限公司 | Vacuum brazing method for cobalt-based diamond composite buttons |
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| CN1739906A (en) * | 2005-09-21 | 2006-03-01 | 李波 | Tubular welding wire for antiwear, heat resistant and antishock bead welding |
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