CN109623027B - Broaching force detection device and detection method thereof - Google Patents

Broaching force detection device and detection method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109623027B
CN109623027B CN201910023671.2A CN201910023671A CN109623027B CN 109623027 B CN109623027 B CN 109623027B CN 201910023671 A CN201910023671 A CN 201910023671A CN 109623027 B CN109623027 B CN 109623027B
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broaching
resistor
strain
strain sensor
grooves
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CN109623027A (en
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许明
何龙
陈国金
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Hangzhou Electronic Science and Technology University
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Hangzhou Electronic Science and Technology University
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23D—PLANING; SLOTTING; SHEARING; BROACHING; SAWING; FILING; SCRAPING; LIKE OPERATIONS FOR WORKING METAL BY REMOVING MATERIAL, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23D39/00—Accessories for broaching machines or broaching devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23D—PLANING; SLOTTING; SHEARING; BROACHING; SAWING; FILING; SCRAPING; LIKE OPERATIONS FOR WORKING METAL BY REMOVING MATERIAL, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23D41/00—Broaching machines or broaching devices characterised only by constructional features of particular parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
    • B23Q17/09—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring cutting pressure or for determining cutting-tool condition, e.g. cutting ability, load on tool
    • B23Q17/0952—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring cutting pressure or for determining cutting-tool condition, e.g. cutting ability, load on tool during machining
    • B23Q17/0971—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring cutting pressure or for determining cutting-tool condition, e.g. cutting ability, load on tool during machining by measuring mechanical vibrations of parts of the machine

Abstract

The invention discloses a broaching force detection device and a detection method thereof. Due to the particularity of the broaching process, a general cutting force detection device cannot effectively detect the magnitude of the broaching load. The invention relates to a broach capable of self-detecting and collecting vibration energy, which comprises a broach body and a detector. The blade lateral part of broach body is seted up n and is settled logical groove. Detectors are arranged in the n placing through grooves. The detector includes a strain sensor, a piezoelectric sheet, and a circuit substrate. The strain sensor and the piezoelectric sheet are respectively arranged on two sides of the through groove. The circuit substrate is fixed in the arranging through groove. The circuit substrate is provided with a detection-energy collection circuit. The detection-energy collection circuit comprises an energy collection module, a broaching load detection module and a wireless transmission module. The invention combines the sensor and the cutting part to realize integrated measurement of the cutting force, so that the cutting force measurement is not limited by the size of the processing space.

Description

Broaching force detection device and detection method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of sensors, and particularly relates to a broaching force detection device and a detection method thereof.
Background
The cutting force is one of the main physical phenomena in the metal cutting process, the size of the cutting force directly affects cutting heat, the quality of a machined surface, tool abrasion, tool durability and the like, the continuous change of the axial component force in the machining process affects the surface quality of a workpiece, the influence of the radial component force on the shape precision of the workpiece is also large, each slight change of the cutting state can be reflected by the numerical value of the cutting force, and the phenomena of tool abrasion, machine tool failure, generated chatter and the like in the machining process can be timely discovered through monitoring of the cutting force. The change of the cutting force can be seen to run through the whole cutting process all the time, so that the cutting force in the cutting process is accurately monitored in real time, the important effects on researching the cutting mechanism in the machining process, optimizing the cutting process parameters and determining the geometric angle of the cutter are achieved, and the important significance on improving the mechanical manufacturing level is achieved.
The broaching machine can provide larger cutting force and higher machining precision in metal part machining, which is also an advantage that broaching machining cannot be replaced compared with other metal machining. However, in the broaching process, the broaching load jump is caused by the abrasion or breakage of the broach teeth. So that the broaching machine can not work normally, and even damages to the cutting tool and the processing workpiece which are difficult to repair are caused. These circumstances not only greatly increase the production cost of the component manufacturer, but also cause the scrapping of the processed workpiece, the production line stoppage, and the like. In the high-end equipment manufacturing industry, when broaching certain important aerospace parts, certain difficult materials such as certain extremely hard alloy steels are often encountered. These aeronautical parts require more precision in machining, so the economic losses due to wear or breakage of the broach are difficult to measure. Therefore, in order to avoid the serious wear and even the breakage of the edge teeth, it is very important to study how to feed back the state of the broaching tool in time during the broaching process. In the broaching machine machining process, the state of the tool can be fed back in real time through the detection of the broaching force, and when the tool is worn or fails, broaching parameters can be adjusted or the tool can be replaced, so that the machining precision of a workpiece is ensured, and unnecessary economic loss is avoided. At present, most of cutting load detection is realized through a dynamometer, the dynamometer is mainly used for monitoring the change of cutting force in the cutting process, and the working state of a cutter can be monitored by observing the change of the cutting force. However, due to the particularity of the broaching process, the broaching load is often much larger than the cutting force in other machining processes, so that the general cutting force detection device cannot effectively detect the magnitude of the broaching load and cannot meet the requirements on response speed and precision. Therefore, it is necessary to realize real-time detection of the broaching state.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a broach vibration energy collecting device and a cutting force detection method.
The invention relates to a broaching force detection device which comprises a broach body and a detector. The side part of the broach body is provided with n arranging through grooves, and n is more than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 10. Detectors are arranged in the n placing through grooves. The detector comprises a strain sensor, a piezoelectric sheet and a circuit substrate. The strain sensor and the piezoelectric sheet are respectively arranged on two sides of the through groove. The circuit substrate is fixed in the arranging through groove. The circuit substrate is provided with a detection-energy collection circuit. The detection-energy collection circuit comprises an energy collection module, a broaching load detection module and a wireless transmission module. The energy collection module comprises an energy collection chip and a storage capacitor. The storage capacitor is connected with the piezoelectric sheet through the energy collecting chip.
The broaching load detection module comprises a resistor R1, a resistor R2 and a resistor R3. One end of the resistor R1 is connected with one terminal of the strain sensor, and the other end is connected with one end of the resistor R2. The other end of the resistor R2 is connected with one end of the resistor R3. The other terminal of the resistor R3 is connected to the other terminal of the strain sensor 3. The resistor R1 is connected with the negative electrode of the resistor R2 and the negative electrode of the storage capacitor Cs, and the resistor R3 is connected with the positive electrode of the strain sensor. The resistor R1 is connected with the end of the strain sensor and connected with the first input pin of the wireless transmission module; the resistor R2 is connected with the end of the resistor R3, and the end is connected with the second input pin of the wireless transmission module.
Further, the model of the energy collecting chip is LTC 3588-2. Two input pins of the energy collection chip are respectively connected with two wiring ends of the piezoelectric sheet; v of energy collecting chipINThe pin is connected with one end of the capacitor C1 and the capacitor C2, the CAP pin is connected with the other end of the capacitor C1, and VIN2The pin is connected to one end of the capacitor C3. The other ends of the capacitor C2 and the capacitor C3 are grounded. SW pin of the energy collecting chip U1 is connected with one end of an inductor L1, VOUTThe other end of the pin is connected with the inductor L1 and the storage capacitor CsTo one end of (a). Storage capacitor CsAnd the other end of the same is grounded. The GND pin of the energy harvesting chip U1 is grounded.
Further, the distance between the piezoelectric sheets in the n arranging through grooves and the strain sensor is equal.
Furthermore, the connection part of the arranging through groove, the strain sensor and the piezoelectric sheet is planar.
Furthermore, clamping grooves are formed at two ends of the through groove. Two ends of the circuit substrate are respectively clamped in the two clamping grooves.
Further, the wireless sending module adopts a bluetooth chip with the model of LMX 5453.
Furthermore, the broach body adopts a key groove type broach.
Furthermore, n are settled and are led through the groove and arrange along the length direction of blade equidistant in proper order.
Furthermore, n end cover placing grooves corresponding to the n placing through grooves in position respectively are formed in two side faces of the broach body. Sealing covers are embedded in the 2n end cover placing grooves. The sealing cover is round and made of rubber, and is bonded with the corresponding end cover placing groove through a high-temperature resistant bonding agent.
The detection method of the broach capable of self-detecting and collecting vibration energy comprises the following specific steps:
step one, broaching a workpiece by using a broach body. In the broaching process, the piezoelectric plate outputs voltage through a positive piezoelectric effect. The energy collection module receives the electric energy generated by the piezoelectric sheet and charges an internal storage capacitor. The strain sensor 3 is deformed, and its own resistance value changes. The resistance change of the strain sensor changes a strain analog signal output by the broaching load detection module to the wireless transmission module.
And step two, the n wireless sending modules send the strain analog signals received by the wireless sending modules to the upper computer through wireless communication.
And step three, converting the strain analog signals transmitted by the n wireless transmitting modules into strain quantities by the upper computer, and acquiring the broaching force applied to the broach body according to the n strain quantities.
And step four, if the four strain quantities obtained by the conversion of the upper computer are larger than the strain allowable range of the broach body at the corresponding position, indicating that the broach body has problems in the broaching process.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the vibration energy generated in the broaching process is collected by the energy collecting module and converted into usable electric energy, and the usable electric energy supplies power to the broaching load detection module and the wireless sending module, so that self-powered detection is realized.
2. The invention combines the sensor and the cutting part to realize integrated measurement of the cutting force, can ensure that the cutting force measurement is not limited by the size of a processing space, and solves the problem that an element arranged on the broach body is difficult to supply power externally and install a battery in a self-powered mode.
3. The invention can accurately acquire, process and record a relatively complete cutting force signal in real time along with the movement of the cutting part, and can judge whether the cutting is in a problem.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a partial schematic view of the present invention with the sealing cover removed;
FIG. 3 is a partial front view of the present invention with the sealing cover and the circuit substrate removed;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a schematic circuit diagram of an energy harvesting module of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic circuit diagram of the broaching load detecting module of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, 2, 3 and 4, a broaching force detecting device includes a broach body 1, a seal cap 2 and a detector. The broach body 1 adopts a key groove type broach. Four accommodating through grooves are formed in the side part of the broach body 1. The four through grooves are arranged at equal intervals in sequence along the length direction of the knife body. Detectors are arranged in the four arranging through grooves.
The detector includes a strain sensor 3, a piezoelectric sheet 4, and a circuit substrate 5. Strain sensor 3 and piezoelectric patches 4 set up respectively in the both sides of settling logical groove, and four piezoelectric patches of settling logical inslot are equal with strain sensor's distance. The connection part of the through groove, the strain sensor 3 and the piezoelectric sheet 4 is planar. Clamping grooves are formed at two ends of the through groove. Two ends of the circuit substrate 4 are respectively clamped into the two clamping grooves; and the circuit substrate 4 can be prevented from moving due to broaching vibration in the installation through groove.
As shown in fig. 5 and 6, the detection-energy collection circuit is provided on the circuit substrate 5. The detection-energy collection circuit comprises an energy collection module, a broaching load detection module and a wireless transmission module. The wireless sending module adopts a Bluetooth chip with the model of LMX5453, and the wireless sending module is provided with a controller and can directly receive and wirelessly send analog signals. The wireless sending module is in wireless communication with the upper computer.
As shown in FIG. 5, the energy collection module comprises an energy collection chip U1 and a storage capacitor Cs. The type of the energy collecting chip is LTC3588-2, and a full-bridge rectifying circuit is arranged in the energy collecting chip, so that the rectifying effect can be realized. The energy collection chip can provide high efficiency for energy generated by piezoelectricity and convert the energy into stable voltage, or charge electric energy storage elements such as a battery and a super capacitor. Two input pins (PZ1 and PZ2 pins) of the energy collection chip U1 are respectively connected with two terminals of the piezoelectric sheet 4; v of energy collecting chip U1INThe pin is connected with one end of the capacitor C1 and the capacitor C2, the CAP pin is connected with the other end of the capacitor C1, and VIN2The pin is connected to one end of the capacitor C3. The other ends of the capacitor C2 and the capacitor C3 are grounded. SW pin of the energy collecting chip U1 is connected with one end of an inductor L1, VOUTThe other end of the pin is connected with the inductor L1 and the storage capacitor CsTo one end of (a). Storage capacitor CsAnd the other end of the same is grounded. The GND pin of the energy harvesting chip U1 is grounded.
As shown in fig. 6, the broaching load detecting module includes a resistor R1, a resistor R2, and a resistor R3. One end of the resistor R1 is connected with one terminal of the strain sensor 3, and the other end is connected with one end of the resistor R2. The other end of the resistor R2 is connected with one end of the resistor R3. The other terminal of the resistor R3 is connected to the other terminal of the strain sensor 3. The resistor R1 is connected with the negative electrode of the resistor R2 and the negative electrode of the storage capacitor Cs, and the resistor R3 is connected with the positive electrode of the strain sensor. The resistor R1 is connected with the end of the strain sensor and connected with the first input pin of the wireless transmission module; the resistor R2 is connected with the end of the resistor R3, which is connected with the second input pin of the wireless transmission module, so as to output the strain analog signal U to the wireless module0。
The resistor R1, the resistor R2, the resistor R3, and the strain sensor together form a wheatstone bridge, and a voltage signal output to the wireless transmission module through the wheatstone bridge can explain the amount of deformation generated by the strain sensor. The principle is that in the cutting process, the inside of the cutter is deformed to a certain extent, and after a strain sensor senses strain, the internal resistance of the cutter is changed, so that the output voltage is changed, the strain is reflected through the output voltage, and the cutting load is reflected. The wireless sending module can directly send the signal output by the Wheatstone bridge to the upper computer in a wireless communication mode.
Four end cover placing grooves corresponding to the four placing through grooves in position respectively are formed in the side faces of two sides of the broach body 1. The eight end cover placing grooves are all embedded with sealing covers 2. The sealing cover 2 is circular and made of rubber, and is bonded with the corresponding end cover placing groove through a high-temperature resistant bonding agent. The sealing cover 2 plays a role in protecting the detector and preventing water, and can prevent cutting fluid from flowing into the arranging through groove in the cutting process.
The detection method of the broach capable of self-detecting and collecting vibration energy comprises the following specific steps:
step one, broaching a workpiece by using a broach body. In the broaching process, the broach body drives the piezoelectric patch 4 to vibrate, so that the piezoelectric patch 4 outputs voltage through a positive piezoelectric effect. The energy collection module receives the electric energy generated by the piezoelectric sheet and charges an internal storage capacitor.
The through grooves arranged in the broach body deform under the action of load force generated in the broaching process. The strain sensor 3 deforms along with the deformation of the inner side wall of the through groove, and the resistance value of the strain sensor changes. The resistance change of the strain sensor changes a strain analog signal output by the broaching load detection module to the wireless transmission module.
And step two, the four wireless sending modules send the strain analog signals received by the four wireless sending modules (each wireless sending module sends one strain analog signal) to the upper computer through wireless communication.
And step three, converting the strain analog signals transmitted by the four wireless transmitting modules into strain quantities by the upper computer. And judging the broaching force applied to the broach body according to the four strain quantities (the mapping relation between the four strain simulation signals and the broaching force is obtained by calibration in advance; namely, a relation curve between the broaching force and the four strain simulation signals is fitted according to the magnitude of the strain simulation signals when the broaching force of a plurality of tests is at different processing positions).
And step four, if the four strain quantities obtained by the conversion of the upper computer are larger than the strain allowable range of the preset broach body in the corresponding position, indicating that the broach body has a problem in the broaching process, and early warning the staff by the upper computer through a feedback system.

Claims (10)

1. A broaching force detecting device comprises a broach body; the method is characterized in that: also includes a detector; n through grooves are formed in the side portion of the broach body, and n is more than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 10; detectors are arranged in the n through grooves; the detector comprises a strain sensor, a piezoelectric sheet and a circuit substrate; the strain sensor and the piezoelectric sheet are respectively arranged on two sides of the accommodating through groove; the circuit substrate is fixed in the arranging through groove; the circuit substrate is provided with a detection-energy collection circuit; the detection-energy collection circuit comprises an energy collection module, a broaching load detection module and a wireless transmission module; the energy collection module comprises an energy collection chip and a storage capacitor; the storage capacitor is connected with the piezoelectric sheet through the energy collecting chip;
the broaching load detection module comprises a resistor R1, a resistor R2 and a resistor R3; one end of the resistor R1 is connected with one of the terminals of the strain sensor, and the other end is connected with one end of the resistor R2; the other end of the resistor R2 is connected with one end of the resistor R3; the other end of the resistor R3 is connected with the other terminal of the strain sensor 3; the resistor R1 is connected with the negative electrode of the resistor R2 and the negative electrode of the storage capacitor Cs, and the resistor R3 is connected with the positive electrode of the strain sensor and the positive electrode of the storage capacitor Cs; the resistor R1 is connected with the end of the strain sensor and connected with the first input pin of the wireless transmission module; the resistor R2 is connected with the end of the resistor R3, and the end is connected with the second input pin of the wireless transmission module.
2. A broaching force detecting device as recited in claim 1, wherein: the type of the energy collecting chip is LTC 3588-2; two input pins and piezoelectricity of energy collection chipTwo terminals of the sheet are respectively connected; v of energy collecting chipINThe pin is connected with one end of the capacitor C1 and the capacitor C2, the CAP pin is connected with the other end of the capacitor C1, and VIN2The pin is connected with one end of the capacitor C3; the other ends of the capacitor C2 and the capacitor C3 are grounded; SW pin of the energy collecting chip U1 is connected with one end of an inductor L1, VOUTThe other end of the pin is connected with the inductor L1 and the storage capacitor CsOne end of (a); storage capacitor CsThe other end of the first and second electrodes is grounded; the GND pin of the energy harvesting chip U1 is grounded.
3. A broaching force detecting device as recited in claim 1, wherein: the distances between the piezoelectric sheets in the n through grooves and the strain sensors are equal.
4. A broaching force detecting device as recited in claim 1, wherein: the connection part of the arranging through groove, the strain sensor and the piezoelectric sheet is planar.
5. A broaching force detecting device as recited in claim 1, wherein: clamping grooves are formed in the two ends of the placing through groove; two ends of the circuit substrate are respectively clamped in the two clamping grooves.
6. A broaching force detecting device as recited in claim 1, wherein: the wireless sending module adopts a Bluetooth chip with the model number of LMX 5453.
7. A broaching force detecting device as recited in claim 1, wherein: the broach body adopts a key groove type broach.
8. A broaching force detecting device as recited in claim 1, wherein: the n through grooves are arranged at equal intervals in sequence along the length direction of the knife body.
9. A broaching force detecting device as recited in claim 1, wherein: n end cover placing grooves corresponding to the n placing through grooves in position are formed in the two side faces of the broach body; sealing covers are embedded in the 2n end cover placing grooves; the sealing cover is round and made of rubber, and is bonded with the corresponding end cover placing groove through a high-temperature resistant bonding agent.
10. The detecting method of a broaching force detecting device as recited in claim 1, wherein:
firstly, broaching a workpiece by using a broach body; in the broaching process, the piezoelectric plate outputs voltage through a positive piezoelectric effect; the energy collection module receives the electric energy generated by the piezoelectric sheet and charges an internal storage capacitor; the strain sensor deforms, and the self resistance value changes; the resistance change of the strain sensor changes a strain analog signal output by the broaching load detection module to the wireless transmission module;
step two, the n wireless sending modules send the strain analog signals received by the wireless sending modules to an upper computer through wireless communication;
converting the strain analog signals transmitted by the n wireless transmitting modules into strain quantities by the upper computer, and acquiring the broaching force applied to the broach body according to the n strain quantities;
and step four, if the four strain quantities obtained by the conversion of the upper computer are larger than the strain allowable range of the broach body at the corresponding position, indicating that the broach body has problems in the broaching process.
CN201910023671.2A 2019-01-10 2019-01-10 Broaching force detection device and detection method thereof Active CN109623027B (en)

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EP3800018B1 (en) * 2019-10-02 2021-11-24 Dienes Werke für Maschinenteile GmbH & Co. KG Sensor device for a measuring holder

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CN204546139U (en) * 2015-03-12 2015-08-12 沈机集团昆明机床股份有限公司 Broach force real-time measurement apparatus
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