CN109619380A - 一种霉菌毒素复合吸附剂及其在动物饲料脱毒中应用 - Google Patents
一种霉菌毒素复合吸附剂及其在动物饲料脱毒中应用 Download PDFInfo
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- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
- A23L5/20—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification
- A23L5/27—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification by chemical treatment, by adsorption or by absorption
- A23L5/273—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification by chemical treatment, by adsorption or by absorption using adsorption or absorption agents, resins, synthetic polymers, or ion exchangers
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- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
- A23L5/20—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification
- A23L5/27—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification by chemical treatment, by adsorption or by absorption
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种霉菌毒素复合吸附剂，它由以下重量配比的成分组成：酵母细胞壁多糖10～30％、腐殖酸钠10～30％、蒙脱石10～30％、活性炭10～50％。本发明对霉菌毒素包括黄曲霉毒素B1、玉米赤霉烯酮、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇都具有很高的吸附量和吸附率，不仅对毒素的吸附效果优于现有产品，而且在酸、碱性条件下解吸率很低，因此在体内具有很高的稳定性，可更好地应用于饲料产品中脱毒，以防止霉菌毒素降低饲料的适口性和营养价值，同时减少对动物健康造成的危害。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于饲料领域，具体涉及一种霉菌毒素复合吸附剂，本发明还涉及该复合吸附剂在动物饲料脱毒中的应用。
技术背景
霉菌毒素(Mycotoxins)主要是指丝状真菌次级代谢产生的一类有毒物质，它们广泛存在于饲料中，其中常见的有黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)、玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEA)、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)。霉菌毒素不仅会降低饲料的适口性和营养价值，还会对动物健康造成严重威胁，从而影响生产性能，降低经济效益。同时，肉蛋奶中的霉菌毒素残留进入人体，对人类健康也会造成严重危害。由于气候原因，我国的饲料受霉菌毒素污染较为严重，检出率较高，因此，去除霉菌毒素有利于保证食品安全及人类健康。
饲料行业中，常用的脱毒方法是物理吸附，即用脱毒剂吸附霉菌毒素，避免毒素被动物吸收而达到脱毒目的，目前市场上的脱毒剂存在以下缺陷：(1)吸附的毒素种类比较单一，一般对AFB1的吸附效果较好，但对ZEA和DON的吸附效率较低。(2)容易在体内的酸、碱条件下解吸，从而脱毒失败。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对上述缺陷，提供一种对多种霉菌毒素如AFB1、ZEA、DON都有很强吸附能力的复合吸附剂，而且该吸附剂在酸、碱条件下不易解吸，具有很好的稳定性。
本发明是这样实现的：
一种霉菌毒素复合吸附剂，它由以下重量配比的成分组成：酵母细胞壁多糖10～30％、腐殖酸钠10～30％、蒙脱石10～30％、活性炭10～50％。
优选地，所述成分的重量配比是：酵母细胞壁多糖25％、腐殖酸钠25％、蒙脱石25％、活性炭25％。
试验结果表明，本发明对霉菌毒素包括黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)、玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEA)、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)都具有很高的吸附量，有利于在实际应用中减少吸附剂用量。同时，本发明对DON、AFB1、ZEA三种毒素都具有很高的吸附率，说明能充分吸附饲料产品中毒素，另外，毒素被吸附以后经破坏，只有很少的毒素解吸，因此，吸附剂能吸附毒素并顺利通过胃肠道消化器官，有效减少了毒素在通过体内时的释放。
因此，本发明可被添加到动物饲料中，用于吸附霉菌毒素进行脱毒，防止霉菌毒素降低饲料的适口性和营养价值，从而提高饲养效率，减少霉菌毒素对动物健康造成的危害。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步阐述。需要说明的是，本发明的实施例对于本发明只有说明作用，而没有限制作用，本发明中所涉及的各种实验操作，均为本领域的常规技术，文中没有特别说明的部分，本领域的普通技术人员可以参照本发明申请日之前的各种常用工具书、科技文献或相关的说明书、手册等加以实施。
表1吸附剂的原料配比(％)
| 酵母细胞壁多糖 | 腐殖酸钠 | 蒙脱石 | 活性炭 | |
| 实施例1 | 10 | 20 | 30 | 40 |
| 实施例2 | 20 | 30 | 20 | 30 |
| 实施例3 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 |
| 实施例4 | 30 | 10 | 10 | 50 |
1.吸附剂对DON、AFB1、ZEA的最大吸附量
称取20mg吸附剂于10mL离心管中，分别加入0.1、0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8mL DON标准液(浓度为100mg/L)，最后加入pH为2.0或8.0的磷酸盐缓冲溶液定容至10mL，在37℃恒温振荡水浴锅中振荡吸附2h。吸附反应结束后，离心，测定上清液中DON的含量，计算吸附剂对DON的吸附量和吸附率。
按下列公式计算吸附量Q(mg/kg)及吸附率Y(％)：
Q＝v×(C0－C)/m
Y＝100×(C0－C)/C0
其中：V为溶液的体积(mL)；m为吸附剂的用量(mg)；C0、C分别为吸附前、后DON的浓度(mg/L)。
分别以吸附反应体系中DON的平衡浓度为横坐标，吸附量为纵坐标，绘制PH为2.0和8.0的吸附剂对DON的等温吸附曲线。回归曲线基本符合Langmuir方程，将试验所得的数据代入Langmuir方程中进行线性回归，计算吸附剂对DON的最大吸附量Qm，结果见表2。
表2吸附剂对DON的最大吸附量
同理，称取一定量的吸附剂于离心管中，分别加入不同体积梯度的AFBl或ZEA标样，最后加入pH为2.0或8.0的磷酸盐缓冲溶液定容至10mL，在37℃恒温振荡水浴锅中振荡吸附2h。吸附反应结束后，离心，测定上清液中AFBl或ZEA含量，计算吸附剂对AFBl或ZEA的吸附量。按照上述方法绘制等温吸附曲线，并计算出吸附剂对AFBl和ZEA的最大吸附量。结果见表3、4。
表3吸附剂对AFB1的最大吸附量
表4吸附剂对ZEA的最大吸附量
以上结果表明，本发明四种不同配比的吸附剂对DON、AFB1、ZEA均有很好的吸附效果，且具有较高的吸附容量，这有利于在实际应用中用更少的吸附剂吸附更多的毒素。
2.吸附剂对DON、AFB1、ZEA的吸附率与解吸率
向50mL离心管中分别加入20mg吸附剂，分别加入一定量的DON、AFB1、ZEN标准液，再加入pH为2.0或8.0的磷酸盐缓冲溶液定容。将离心管置于37℃恒温振荡器中，振荡吸附，离心，检测滤液中的毒素含量，直到滤液中的毒素含量不再降低，根据此时的毒素含量计算吸附率。
倾去离心管中的上清液，向残渣中加入pH分别为2.0和8.0的磷酸盐缓冲液，在60℃恒温振荡水浴锅中高速振荡解吸10h，然后离心，测定上清液中毒素的含量，计算其解吸率。结果见表5-7。
表5吸附剂对DON的吸附率与解吸率
表6脱毒剂对AFB1的吸附率与解析率
表7脱毒剂对ZEA的吸附率与解吸率
以上结果表明，本发明四种不同配比的吸附剂都能够在酸、碱性条件下吸附溶液中的DON、AFB1、ZEA，吸附率都在70％以上，其中对ZEA的吸附率最高，AFB1次之。另外，毒素被吸附以后经长时间的酸、碱高温破坏，只有不到10％的毒素解吸，因此，吸附剂能吸附毒素并顺利通过胃肠道消化器官，有效减少了毒素在通过体内时的释放。
3.动物体内脱毒试验
300只1日龄的Avian肉仔鸡，基础日粮育雏一周后，随机选取180只健康，体重相近的肉仔鸡，随机分为6个组，每组5个重复，每个重复6只鸡。对照组饲喂基础日粮，未检出毒素；染毒组使用霉变日粮，AFB1含量为515.2μg/kg，ZEA含量为1980.4μg/kg，DON含量为1100.8μg/kg；试验组饲喂的霉变日粮中加入0.1％的吸附剂。
试验鸡自由采食和饮水，试验期7周，定期记录采食量和日增重，计算料肉比。试验结束后检测肉鸡血清酶活性，结果见表8和表9。
表8处理组对各期肉鸡料肉比的影响
表9全期血清中转氨酶的影响
| 组别 | 谷草转氨酶IU/L | 谷丙转氨酶IU/L |
| 对照组 | 3.60 | 245.20 |
| 染毒组 | 6.20 | 287.40 |
| 实施例1 | 4.00 | 246.00 |
| 实施例2 | 4.60 | 274.00 |
| 实施例3 | 3.75 | 257.40 |
| 实施例4 | 5.00 | 278.00 |
以上结果表明，染毒组的料肉比较对照组显著升高，说明霉变饲料降低了肉鸡生产性能。加入吸附剂的各处理组料肉比均降低。血清中的谷草转氨酶和谷丙转氨酶含量可以反应肝脏的状况，染毒组的谷草转氨酶和谷丙转氨酶含量显著升高，表明肝脏受损。加入吸附剂的各处理组，谷草转氨酶和谷丙转氨酶含量均有所下降，表明吸附剂缓解了肝脏的毒素损伤。
Claims (4)
1.一种霉菌毒素复合吸附剂，其特征在于由以下重量配比的成分组成：酵母细胞壁多糖10～30％、腐殖酸钠10～30％、蒙脱石10～30％、活性炭10～50％。
2.如权利要求1所述的霉菌毒素复合吸附剂，其特征在于由以下重量配比的成分组成：酵母细胞壁多糖25％、腐殖酸钠25％、蒙脱石25％、活性炭25％。
3.权利要求1或2所述的霉菌毒素复合吸附剂在动物饲料脱毒中的应用。
4.一种动物饲料，其特征在于含有权利要求1或2所述的霉菌毒素复合吸附剂。
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| CN111436537A (zh) * | 2020-02-25 | 2020-07-24 | 上海臻衍生物科技有限公司 | 一种抗黄曲霉素和禽流感的腐钠菌糠饲料 |
| CN112674259A (zh) * | 2020-12-25 | 2021-04-20 | 合肥五粮泰生物科技有限公司 | 一种脱除粉料中霉菌毒素的新方法 |
| CN114532476A (zh) * | 2022-03-07 | 2022-05-27 | 大牧人牧业(黑龙江)集团有限公司 | 一种饲料用混合型霉菌毒素吸附剂功能包及其制备方法 |
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