CN109618823B - Ecological restoration method for degraded grey-vein sedge wetland - Google Patents
Ecological restoration method for degraded grey-vein sedge wetland Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an ecological restoration method for a degraded ash vein sedge wetland, belonging to the technical field of wetland ecological restoration methods. Firstly, diagnosing the degradation degree of the green-vein sedge wetland, determining the degradation degree of the green-vein sedge wetland according to the comprehensive dominance degree of dominant species, wherein the comprehensive dominance degree reflects the status and the action of species in communities; secondly, slightly degenerating the grey-vein sedge wetland for recovery; thirdly, recovering the moderate degenerated ash-vein sedge wetland; fourthly, recovering the severely degraded ash vein sedge wetland, combining water regulation and plant transplantation, firstly irrigating water for 5 ten days of the last month, controlling the water level of the ground surface to be 5-10 cm, then transplanting the plants in 8 months, selecting the ash vein sedge for the plants, and planting the plants in a hole planting mode by taking clusters as units, wherein the distance between every 30-50 plants in each cluster is 50-100 cm; irrigating water in the middle and last ten days of the next 5 months, and controlling the water level of the earth surface to be 10-15 cm; and fifthly, later maintenance management, mainly irrigation, surface water level control and water regulation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an ecological restoration method for a degraded ash vein sedge wetland, belonging to the technical field of wetland ecological restoration methods.
Background
The wetland is an important component of a land ecosystem, has the reputation of 'kidneys of the earth', is a 'storage warehouse' and a 'purifier' of water resources, is an important place for inhabitation, migration, overwintering and propagation of a plurality of rare or endangered objects, particularly endangered rare water poultry, and has multiple functions of protecting biological diversity, regulating runoff, improving water quality, regulating microclimate and the like.
However, with the demand for the development of economic society, human activities typified by agricultural cultivation, grazing, and the like have led to a sharp decrease in wetland area. Taking the three river plain wetland as an example, the area of the natural wetland is reduced from 534 million hectares at the initial stage of building a country to more than 90 million hectares at present, the reduction rate is more than 80 percent, and most of the wetland is converted into the farmland. The wetland area is reduced, the wetland fragmentation degree is increased, the wetland vegetation types are reduced, the wetland plant diversity is seriously reduced, the population of a plurality of rare or endangered protected animals is continuously reduced or even disappears due to the damage of the animal habitat, the structure and the function of the wetland are seriously reduced, and the regional rainfall is obviously changed in time and space scales compared with the prior art. Has serious influence on the regional ecological safety and social development.
A great deal of research is done on the wetland restoration and reconstruction theory at home and abroad, and particularly, a great deal of research is done on the wetland ecological restoration and reconstruction in the countries such as the United states, Canada, Sweden, Australia, the Netherlands, China and the like. For example, the southern United states and Canada mainly focus on ecological restoration research of eutrophic swamps, and pollution is controlled through engineering and biological measures to restore the water quality and biological diversity of the wetlands; europe and north canada focus on ecological restoration of the oligotrophic swamps and focus on expanding the areas of swamps and lake wetlands. Although the research on the ecological restoration and reconstruction of the wetland is started later in China, the development is rapid, particularly, the research on the ecological restoration and reconstruction of the polluted wetland in lake wetland, river wetland, urban wetland and oil field area is rapidly developed in recent years, but although some effective work is developed at present in China, a large amount of work still exists to be developed on the ecological restoration and reconstruction of the wetland, and particularly, the application of the key technology and method is not mature in the aspects of reconstruction of vegetation of the wetland and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and further provides an ecological restoration method for a degraded grey-vein sedge wetland.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for restoring ecology of a degraded grey-vein sedge wetland,
step one, diagnosing the degradation degree of the grey-vein sedge wetland, and determining the degradation degree of the grey-vein sedge wetland according to the comprehensive dominance degree of dominant species, wherein the comprehensive dominance degree reflects the status and the action of species in a community, the dominance degree of the comprehensive dominance species is more than 0.8, and the grey-vein sedge wetland is not degraded; when the comprehensive dominance degree of the dominant species is less than 0.80 and more than 0.60, the grey-vein sedge wetland is slightly degenerated; the comprehensive dominance degree of the dominant species is less than 0.60 and more than 0.40, and the grey-vein sedge wetland is moderately degenerated; the comprehensive dominance degree of the dominant species is less than 0.40, and the grey-vein sedge wetland is severely degenerated. Different recovery measures are taken for different degradation degrees.
And step two, recovering the slightly degraded ash neroli wetland, and controlling the water level of the surface to be 15-30 cm by adopting water regulation and control, wherein the water regulation and control time is 5 middle and last ten days of the month.
And step three, recovering the moderately degenerated ash vein sedge wetland by combining water regulation and plant transplantation. Firstly, transplanting the plants, selecting the Laggera glauca for the plants, adopting a hole planting mode, taking clusters as a unit, 10-20 plants in each cluster, wherein the row spacing is 100-150 cm, and the transplanting time is in the middle and last ten days of 9 months. And (5) irrigating in the middle and last ten days of the next year, and controlling the water level of the earth surface to be 10-20 cm.
And step four, recovering the severely degenerated ash vein sedge wetland by combining water regulation and plant transplantation. Firstly, irrigating water for 5 ten days of the last month, controlling the water level of the ground surface to be 5-10 cm, then transplanting the plants in 8 months, selecting Laggera glauca, and adopting a hole planting mode, wherein 30-50 plants are planted in each cluster, and the line spacing is 50-100 cm. And (5) irrigating in the middle and last ten days of the next year, and controlling the water level of the earth surface to be 10-15 cm.
And step five, later-stage maintenance management, namely irrigation, reasonably controlling the surface water level, and regulating and controlling the water content to promote the growth of the preferred species of the grey-vein carex on one hand and inhibit the growth of typical species of the non-wetland on the other hand so as to realize the recovery of the structure and the function of the grey-vein carex wetland.
The invention has the outstanding characteristics that according to the principle of nature-simulated restoration, the rapid restoration of the grey-vein sedge wetland with different degradation degrees is accelerated by combining the characteristics of the water ecological niche of wetland plants and promoting through artificial assistance, the structure and the composition of the plant community of the grey-vein sedge wetland can be obviously improved, the function of the wetland ecosystem is obviously improved, and the grey-vein sedge wetland is changed from a degraded state to a natural undegraded state. In 2015, experiments are carried out in national natural protection areas of Heilongjiang flood, the experimental area of slightly degenerated Carex cinerea wetland is 1 hectare, the experimental area of moderately and severely degenerated Carex cinerea wetland is 0.50 hectare respectively, and continuous monitoring results from 2016 to 2018 show that the comprehensive superiority of dominant species of slightly degenerated Carex cinerea wetland is improved by 20-30%, the biomass is improved by 15-25%, the comprehensive superiority of dominant species of moderately degenerated Carex cinerea wetland is improved by more than 30%, the biomass is improved by more than 25%, the comprehensive superiority of dominant species of severely degenerated Carex cinerea wetland is improved by 30-50%, the biomass is improved by 30-40%, the wetland degeneration is effectively treated, the number of annual plants in vegetation species composition is obviously reduced, the invention has wide applicability, can be borne by governments and enterprises, can obviously improve regional ecological environment, and can maintain regional ecological safety, The method has important significance for protecting the diversity of the species in the wet land and the like, and can provide solid ecological guarantee for the development of regional economy and society. The invention can be used for recovering degraded wetland.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail below: the present embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and a detailed implementation is given, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
Example 1
Provides an ecological restoration method of a degraded grey-vein sedge wetland, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: diagnosing the degradation degree of the green-vein sedge wetland, determining the degradation degree of the green-vein sedge wetland according to the comprehensive dominance degree of dominant species, wherein the comprehensive dominance degree reflects the status and the action of species in a community, the dominance degree of the comprehensive dominance species is more than 0.8, and the green-vein sedge wetland is not degraded; when the comprehensive dominance degree of less than 0.80 is more than 0.60, the grey-vein sedge wetland is slightly degenerated; less than 0.60 dominant species, the comprehensive dominance degree is more than 0.40, and the grey-vein sedge wetland is moderately degenerated; the comprehensive dominance degree of the dominant species is less than 0.40, and the grey-vein sedge wetland is severely degenerated. Different recovery measures are taken for different degradation degrees.
Step two: and (3) recovering the slightly degraded ash-vein sedge wetland, and controlling the water level of the earth surface to be 15-30 cm by adopting water regulation and control, wherein the water regulation and control time is 5 middle and last ten days of the month.
Step three: the moderate degenerated ash-vein sedge wetland recovery adopts the combination of water regulation and plant transplantation. Firstly, transplanting the plants, selecting the Laggera glauca for the plants, adopting a hole planting mode, taking clusters as a unit, 10-20 plants in each cluster, wherein the row spacing is 100-150 cm, and the transplanting time is in the middle and last ten days of 9 months. And (5) irrigating in the middle and last ten days of the next year, and controlling the water level of the earth surface to be 10-20 cm.
Step four: the restoration of the severely degenerated malus asiatica wetland adopts the combination of water regulation and plant transplantation. Firstly, irrigating water for 5 ten days of the last month, controlling the water level of the ground surface to be 5-10 cm, then transplanting the plants in 8 months, selecting Laggera glauca, and adopting a hole planting mode, wherein 30-50 plants are planted in each cluster, and the row spacing is 50-100 cm. And (5) irrigating in the middle and last ten days of the next year, and controlling the water level of the earth surface to be 10-15 cm.
Step five: and later maintenance management, mainly irrigation, reasonably controlling the surface water level, and regulating and controlling the water content to promote the growth of the preferred species of the grey-vein carex, inhibit the growth of typical species of non-wetlands and restore the structure and function of the grey-vein carex wetlands.
Example 2
Provides an ecological restoration method of a degraded grey-vein sedge wetland, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: diagnosing the degradation degree of the green-vein sedge wetland, determining the degradation degree of the green-vein sedge wetland according to the comprehensive dominance degree of dominant species, wherein the comprehensive dominance degree reflects the status and the action of species in a community, the dominance degree of the comprehensive dominance species is more than 0.8, and the green-vein sedge wetland is not degraded; when the comprehensive dominance degree of less than 0.80 is more than 0.60, the grey-vein sedge wetland is slightly degenerated; less than 0.60 dominant species, the comprehensive dominance degree is more than 0.40, and the grey-vein sedge wetland is moderately degenerated; the comprehensive dominance degree of the dominant species is less than 0.40, and the grey-vein sedge wetland is severely degenerated. Different recovery measures are taken for different degradation degrees.
Step two: and (3) recovering the slightly degraded ash-vein sedge wetland, and controlling the water level of the earth surface to be 15-20 cm by adopting water regulation and control, wherein the water regulation and control time is 5 middle and last ten days of the month.
Step three: the moderate degenerated ash-vein sedge wetland recovery adopts the combination of water regulation and plant transplantation. Firstly, transplanting the plants, selecting the Laggera glauca for the plants, adopting a hole planting mode, taking clusters as a unit, 10 plants in each cluster, wherein the row spacing is 100-150 cm, and the transplanting time is in the middle and last ten days of 9 months. And (5) irrigating in the middle and last ten days of the next year, and controlling the water level of the earth surface to be 10-15 cm.
Step four: the restoration of the severely degenerated malus asiatica wetland adopts the combination of water regulation and plant transplantation. Firstly, irrigating water for 5 ten days of the last month, controlling the water level of the ground surface to be 5cm, then transplanting the plants in 8 months, selecting the Laggera glauca, and adopting a hole planting mode, wherein 30 plants are planted in each cluster, and the line spacing is 50-100 cm. And (5) irrigating in the middle and last ten days of the next year, and controlling the water level of the earth surface to be 10-15 cm.
Step five: and later maintenance management, mainly irrigation, reasonably controlling the surface water level, and regulating and controlling the water content to promote the growth of the preferred species of the grey-vein carex, inhibit the growth of typical species of non-wetlands and restore the structure and function of the grey-vein carex wetlands.
Example 3
Provides an ecological restoration method of a degraded grey-vein sedge wetland, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: diagnosing the degradation degree of the green-vein sedge wetland, determining the degradation degree of the green-vein sedge wetland according to the comprehensive dominance degree of dominant species, wherein the comprehensive dominance degree reflects the status and the action of species in a community, the dominance degree of the comprehensive dominance species is more than 0.8, and the green-vein sedge wetland is not degraded; when the comprehensive dominance degree of less than 0.80 is more than 0.60, the grey-vein sedge wetland is slightly degenerated; less than 0.60 dominant species, the comprehensive dominance degree is more than 0.40, and the grey-vein sedge wetland is moderately degenerated; the comprehensive dominance degree of the dominant species is less than 0.40, and the grey-vein sedge wetland is severely degenerated. Different recovery measures are taken for different degradation degrees.
Step two: and (3) recovering the slightly degraded ash-vein sedge wetland, and controlling the water level of the earth surface to be 15cm by adopting water regulation and control, wherein the water regulation and control time is 5 middle and last ten days of the month.
Step three: the moderate degenerated ash-vein sedge wetland recovery adopts the combination of water regulation and plant transplantation. Firstly, transplanting the plants, selecting the Laggera glauca for the plants, adopting a hole planting mode, taking clusters as a unit, 10-15 plants in each cluster, wherein the row spacing is 100cm, and the transplanting time is in the middle and last ten days of 9 months. And (5) irrigating in the middle and last ten days of the next year, and controlling the water level of the earth surface to be 10-15 cm.
Step four: the restoration of the severely degenerated malus asiatica wetland adopts the combination of water regulation and plant transplantation. Firstly, irrigating water for 5 ten days of the last month, controlling the water level of the ground surface to be 5cm, then transplanting the plants in 8 months, selecting Laggera glauca, and adopting a hole planting mode, wherein the unit of the plant is a cluster, 30-40 plants are planted in each cluster, and the line spacing is 50 cm. And (5) irrigating in the middle and last ten days of the next year, and controlling the water level of the earth surface to be 10-15 cm.
Step five: and later maintenance management, mainly irrigation, reasonably controlling the surface water level, and regulating and controlling the water content to promote the growth of the preferred species of the grey-vein carex, inhibit the growth of typical species of non-wetlands and restore the structure and function of the grey-vein carex wetlands.
Example 4
Provides an ecological restoration method of a degraded grey-vein sedge wetland, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: diagnosing the degradation degree of the green-vein sedge wetland, determining the degradation degree of the green-vein sedge wetland according to the comprehensive dominance degree of dominant species, wherein the comprehensive dominance degree reflects the status and the action of species in a community, the dominance degree of the comprehensive dominance species is more than 0.8, and the green-vein sedge wetland is not degraded; when the comprehensive dominance degree of less than 0.80 is more than 0.60, the grey-vein sedge wetland is slightly degenerated; less than 0.60 dominant species, the comprehensive dominance degree is more than 0.40, and the grey-vein sedge wetland is moderately degenerated; the comprehensive dominance degree of the dominant species is less than 0.40, and the grey-vein sedge wetland is severely degenerated. Different recovery measures are taken for different degradation degrees.
Step two: recovering the slightly degraded ash-vein sedge wetland, and controlling the water level of the earth surface to be 20cm by adopting water regulation and control time to be 5 middle and last ten days of the month.
Step three: the moderate degenerated ash-vein sedge wetland recovery adopts the combination of water regulation and plant transplantation. Firstly, transplanting the plants, selecting the Laggera glauca for the plants, adopting a hole planting mode, taking a cluster as a unit, 15 plants in each cluster, wherein the row spacing is 150cm, and the transplanting time is in the middle and last ten days of 9 months. And (5) irrigating in the middle and last ten days of the next year, and controlling the water level of the earth surface to be 10-15 cm.
Step four: the restoration of the severely degenerated malus asiatica wetland adopts the combination of water regulation and plant transplantation. Firstly, irrigating water for 5 late ten days of month, controlling the water level of the ground surface to be 10cm, then transplanting the plants in 8 months, selecting the Laggera glauca, and adopting a hole planting mode, wherein 50 plants are planted in each cluster, and the row spacing is 50 cm. And (5) irrigating in the middle and last ten days of the next year, and controlling the water level of the earth surface to be 15 cm.
Step five: and later maintenance management, mainly irrigation, reasonably controlling the surface water level, and regulating and controlling the water content to promote the growth of the preferred species of the grey-vein carex, inhibit the growth of typical species of non-wetlands and restore the structure and function of the grey-vein carex wetlands.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and these embodiments are based on different implementations of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method for restoring ecology of a degraded grey-vein sedge wetland,
step one, diagnosing the degradation degree of the grey-vein sedge wetland, and determining the degradation degree of the grey-vein sedge wetland according to the comprehensive dominance degree of dominant species, wherein the comprehensive dominance degree reflects the status and the action of species in a community, the comprehensive dominance degree of dominant species is more than 0.8, and the grey-vein sedge wetland is not degraded; when the comprehensive dominance degree of the dominant species is less than 0.80 and more than 0.60, the grey-vein sedge wetland is slightly degenerated; the comprehensive dominance degree of the dominant species is less than 0.60 and more than 0.40, and the grey-vein sedge wetland is moderately degenerated; the comprehensive dominance degree of the dominant species is less than 0.40, the sedge glauca wetland is severely degenerated, and different recovery measures are taken according to different degeneration degrees;
step two, recovering the slightly degraded ash neroli wetland, and controlling the water level of the surface to be 15-30 cm by adopting water regulation and control, wherein the water regulation and control time is 5 middle and last ten days of the month;
thirdly, recovering the moderately degraded ash neroli wetland, combining water regulation and plant transplantation, firstly transplanting the plants, selecting the ash neroli from the plants, adopting a hole planting mode, taking clusters as a unit, 10-20 plants in each cluster, setting the row spacing to be 100-150 cm, and setting the transplanting time to be 9 middle and last ten days; irrigating water in the middle and last ten days of the next 5 months, and controlling the water level of the earth surface to be 10-20 cm;
step four, recovering the severely degraded ash vein sedge wetland, combining water regulation and plant transplantation, firstly irrigating water for 5 ten days of the last month, controlling the water level of the ground surface to be 5-10 cm, then transplanting the plants in 8 months, selecting the ash vein sedge for the plants, and planting the plants in a hole planting mode by taking clusters as units, wherein the line spacing is 50-100 cm, and each cluster is 30-50 plants; irrigating water in the middle and last ten days of the next 5 months, and controlling the water level of the earth surface to be 10-15 cm;
and step five, later-stage maintenance and management, which is mainly irrigation, surface water level control and water regulation, so that the growth of the preferred species of the grey-vein carex purpurea in the wetland is promoted, the growth of typical species of the non-wetland is inhibited, and the recovery of the structure and the function of the grey-vein carex purpurea wetland is realized.
2. The ecological restoration method of the degraded ash neroli wetland of claim 1, wherein in the second step, the surface water level is controlled to be 15 cm.
3. The ecological restoration method of the degraded ash neroli wetland of claim 1, wherein in the second step, the surface water level is controlled to be 20 cm.
4. The ecological restoration method of the degraded ash vein sedge wetland according to claim 1, characterized in that in the third step, a hole planting mode is adopted, and 10 plants are planted in each cluster.
5. The ecological restoration method of the degraded ash vein sedge wetland as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the third step, a hole planting mode is adopted, and 15 plants are planted in each cluster.
6. The ecological restoration method of the degraded ash neroli wetland of claim 1, wherein in the third step, the row spacing is 100 cm.
7. The ecological restoration method of the degraded ash neroli wetland of claim 1, wherein in the third step, the row spacing is 150 cm.
8. The ecological restoration method of the degraded ash vein sedge wetland according to claim 1, characterized in that in the fourth step, a hole planting mode is adopted, and 30 plants are planted in each cluster.
9. The ecological restoration method of the degraded ash vein sedge wetland according to claim 1, characterized in that in the fourth step, a hole planting mode is adopted, and 50 plants are planted in each cluster.
10. The ecological restoration method of the degraded ash neroli wetland of claim 1, wherein in the fourth step, the row spacing is 50 cm.
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