CN109717009B - Method for recovering slightly degraded lobular wetland by farmland drainage - Google Patents
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Abstract
A method for recovering a slightly degraded lobular wetland by farmland drainage. Measuring the degradation degree of the lobular chapter wetland by using the coverage index of the community dominant species, wherein the coverage degree of the slightly degraded lobular chapter wetland as the dominant species is 50-70 percent, the coverage degree of the moderately degraded lobular chapter wetland as the dominant species is 30-50 percent, and the coverage degree of the heavily degraded lobular chapter wetland as the dominant species is 10-30 percent; measuring the total nitrogen and total phosphorus content of the soil of the lobular chapter wetland; the measurement and calculation are carried out according to the total nitrogen and total phosphorus content of the soil, when the N is less than 14, the wetland is limited by N, and the nitrogen deficiency of the wetland is indicated; watering, wherein the watering time is in the middle and last ten days of 5 months and the middle and last ten days of 7 months; irrigating for 2 times; the irrigation amount is applied according to 3-5 tons of water per mu; irrigation type, farmland water return; pumping by a water pump in a water filling mode; irrigating after the farmland is drained, uniformly irrigating, wherein the highest water level cannot exceed 10 cm; and (4) later-period maintenance management, when the water return amount of the farmland is insufficient, the farmland water return amount can be supplemented through an available water source.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for recovering a slightly degraded lobular wetland by farmland drainage, belonging to the technical field of methods for recovering degraded wetland.
Background
The wetland is a unique ecological system formed by the interaction of land and water on the earth, is one of ecological landscapes which are the most rich in biodiversity in the nature and the most important living environment of human beings, and plays an extremely important role in flood storage, drought prevention, climate regulation, soil erosion control, silt promotion, land reclamation, environmental pollution degradation and the like. The northeast region, as one of the most abundant regions of China wetland resources, has the characteristics of large area, multiple types, important zone locations, rich biological diversity and the like, and is an important international migratory and breeding place for the northeast Asia migratory birds. But large area loss and degradation of the wetland in the northeast area are caused by human activities such as reclamation, drainage and the like. According to investigation, in nearly 25 years, the three river plain wetland is lost by 71 percent, and the tender plain is lost by 23 percent. Nearly 72 percent of the existing wetlands are threatened by different factors, and the ecological function is reduced.
The wetland recovery mode comprises natural recovery and artificial promotion recovery. The wetland restoration project developed in China basically emphasizes natural restoration under the condition of human intervention. The recovery method can be divided into wetland substrate recovery, hydrological process recovery, water environment recovery, wetland biology and habitat recovery and the like. However, wetland restoration measures are different according to different wetland types, restoration targets and degradation degrees. At present, the wetland restoration in the northeast area is mainly water supplement, the technical means is single and extensive, the pertinence is poor, and the restoration effect is not good enough. The targeted wetland vegetation recovery method which aims at the characteristics of different wetland vegetation types and combines the key factors for the degraded wetland recovery is lacked. In particular to the lobular chapter wetland, which is one of the most representative wetland types in the northeast region, the technology and the method for recovering the mature and suitable vegetation are not available.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and further provides a method for recovering a slightly degraded lobular chapter wetland by using farmland drainage.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for recovering a slightly degraded lobular wetland by farmland drainage,
step one, diagnosing the degradation degree of the lobular chapter wetland, namely measuring the degradation degree of the lobular chapter wetland by adopting the coverage index of a community dominant species, wherein the coverage degree of a slightly degraded lobular chapter wetland as the dominant species is 50-70 percent, the coverage degree of a moderately degraded lobular chapter wetland as the dominant species is 30-50 percent, and the coverage degree of a heavily degraded lobular chapter wetland as the dominant species is 10-30 percent;
determining a degraded lobular wetland soil nitrogen limiting factor, wherein the nitrogen limiting factor is measured by adopting soil N: P, and the specific operation method comprises the following steps of firstly measuring the total nitrogen and total phosphorus content of the lobular wetland soil; secondly, calculating according to the total nitrogen and total phosphorus contents of the soil, and when the N is less than 14, indicating that the wetland is limited by N, indicating that the wetland is lack of nitrogen;
step three, determining an implementation object, namely the slightly degraded lobular wetland according to the step one and the step two;
step four, watering, wherein the watering time is in the middle and last ten days of 5 months and the middle and last ten days of 7 months; the number of times of irrigation is 2; the irrigation amount is applied according to 3-5 tons of water per mu; irrigation type, farmland water return; pumping by a water pump in a water filling mode; the irrigation is carried out after the farmland is drained, the irrigation is uniform, and the highest water level cannot exceed 10 cm;
and step five, later maintenance and management, wherein when the amount of the farmland drained water is insufficient, the farmland drained water is supplemented by available water sources.
The method has the outstanding characteristics that the vegetation recovery is carried out on the degraded lobular chapter wetland by utilizing the farmland drainage, the dominance degree of the lobular chapter population is obviously improved, the structure and the composition of a plant community are obviously changed, the function of an ecosystem is obviously improved, and the vegetation coverage and the biomass are obviously improved. In 2016, experiments are carried out in national natural protection areas of Heilongjiang floods, and the results of continuous monitoring in 2017 and 2018 show that the experimental area is 2 hectare, compared with degraded wetland (control) vegetation coverage rate is improved by 10-20%, the vegetation productivity is improved by more than 10%, the annual plant quantity in vegetation species composition is obviously reduced, the method is simple to operate and wide in applicability, can be borne by governments and enterprises and public institutions, can obviously improve the regional ecological environment, has important significance for maintaining regional ecological safety, protecting the diversity of the wetland species and the like, and can provide solid ecological guarantee for regional economy and social development. The method can be used for recovering the vegetation in the slightly degraded lobular swamp wetland in the northeast.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail below: the present embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and a detailed implementation is given, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
Example 1
A method for recovering a slightly degraded lobular wetland by farmland drainage comprises the following steps:
step one, diagnosing the degradation degree of the lobular chapter wetland. The degree of deterioration of the lobular chapter wetland is measured by the degree of coverage index of the community dominant species (lobular chapter), the degree of coverage of the slightly degraded lobular chapter wetland as the dominant species is 50-70%, the degree of coverage of the moderately degraded lobular chapter wetland as the dominant species is 30-50%, and the degree of coverage of the heavily degraded lobular chapter wetland as the dominant species is 10-30%.
And step two, determining the degraded lobular wetland soil nitrogen limiting factor. The nitrogen limiting factor is measured by soil N: P. The specific operation method comprises the following steps of firstly measuring the total nitrogen and total phosphorus content of the soil (with the depth of 0-20 cm) of the lobular chapter wetland; and secondly, calculating according to the total nitrogen and total phosphorus contents of the soil, and when the N: P of the soil is less than 14, indicating that the wetland is limited by N, indicating that the wetland is deficient in nitrogen.
And step three, determining the implementation object of the embodiment, namely the slightly degraded lobular swamp wetland (the coverage of the dominant species of the vegetation in the lobular swamp wetland is 50-70% and is limited by soil nitrogen, namely the soil N is P < 14) according to the step one and the step two.
And step four, watering. The irrigation time is in the middle and last ten days of 5 months and the middle and last ten days of 7 months; the number of times of irrigation is 2; the irrigation amount is applied according to 3-5 tons of water per mu; irrigation type, farmland water return; pumping by a water pump in a water filling mode; and the irrigation is carried out after the farmland is drained, the irrigation is uniform, and the highest water level cannot exceed 10 cm.
And step five, later maintenance and management, wherein when the amount of the farmland drained water is insufficient, the farmland drained water is supplemented by available water sources.
Example 2
A method for recovering a slightly degraded lobular wetland by farmland drainage comprises the following steps:
step one, diagnosing the degradation degree of the lobular chapter wetland. The degree of deterioration of the lobular chapter wetland is measured by the degree of coverage index of the community dominant species (lobular chapter), the degree of coverage of the slightly degraded lobular chapter wetland as the dominant species is 50-70%, the degree of coverage of the moderately degraded lobular chapter wetland as the dominant species is 30-50%, and the degree of coverage of the heavily degraded lobular chapter wetland as the dominant species is 10-30%.
And step two, determining the degraded lobular wetland soil nitrogen limiting factor. The nitrogen limiting factor is measured by soil N: P. The specific operation method comprises the following steps of firstly measuring the total nitrogen and total phosphorus content of the soil (with the depth of 0-20 cm) of the lobular chapter wetland; and secondly, calculating according to the total nitrogen and total phosphorus contents of the soil, and when the N: P of the soil is less than 14, indicating that the wetland is limited by N, indicating that the wetland is deficient in nitrogen.
And step three, determining the implementation object of the embodiment, namely the slightly degraded lobular swamp wetland (the coverage of the dominant species of the vegetation in the lobular swamp wetland is 50-70% and is limited by soil nitrogen, namely the soil N is P < 14) according to the step one and the step two.
And step four, watering. The irrigation time is in the middle of 5 months and the last 7 months; the number of times of irrigation is 2; irrigation quantity, which is applied according to 4.1 tons of water per mu; irrigation type, farmland water return; pumping by a water pump in a water filling mode; and the irrigation is carried out after the farmland is drained, the irrigation is uniform, and the highest water level cannot exceed 10 cm.
And step five, later maintenance and management, wherein when the amount of the farmland drained water is insufficient, the farmland drained water is supplemented by available water sources.
Example 3
A method for recovering a slightly degraded lobular wetland by farmland drainage comprises the following steps:
step one, diagnosing the degradation degree of the lobular chapter wetland. The degree of deterioration of the lobular chapter wetland is measured by the degree of coverage index of the community dominant species (lobular chapter), the degree of coverage of the slightly degraded lobular chapter wetland as the dominant species is 50-70%, the degree of coverage of the moderately degraded lobular chapter wetland as the dominant species is 30-50%, and the degree of coverage of the heavily degraded lobular chapter wetland as the dominant species is 10-30%.
And step two, determining the degraded lobular wetland soil nitrogen limiting factor. The nitrogen limiting factor is measured by soil N: P. The specific operation method comprises the following steps of firstly measuring the total nitrogen and total phosphorus content of the soil (with the depth of 0-20 cm) of the lobular chapter wetland; and secondly, calculating according to the total nitrogen and total phosphorus contents of the soil, and when the N: P of the soil is less than 14, indicating that the wetland is limited by N, indicating that the wetland is deficient in nitrogen.
And step three, determining the implementation object of the embodiment, namely the slightly degraded lobular swamp wetland (the coverage of the dominant species of the vegetation in the lobular swamp wetland is 50-70% and is limited by soil nitrogen, namely the soil N is P < 14) according to the step one and the step two.
And step four, watering. The irrigation time is in the last ten days of month 5 and the middle ten days of month 7; the number of times of irrigation is 2; irrigation quantity, which is applied according to 3.3 tons of water per mu; irrigation type, farmland water return; pumping by a water pump in a water filling mode; and the irrigation is carried out after the farmland is drained, the irrigation is uniform, and the highest water level cannot exceed 10 cm.
And step five, later maintenance and management, wherein when the amount of the farmland drained water is insufficient, the farmland drained water is supplemented by available water sources.
Example 4
A method for recovering a slightly degraded lobular wetland by farmland drainage comprises the following steps:
step one, diagnosing the degradation degree of the lobular chapter wetland. The degree of deterioration of the lobular chapter wetland is measured by the degree of coverage index of the community dominant species (lobular chapter), the degree of coverage of the slightly degraded lobular chapter wetland as the dominant species is 50-70%, the degree of coverage of the moderately degraded lobular chapter wetland as the dominant species is 30-50%, and the degree of coverage of the heavily degraded lobular chapter wetland as the dominant species is 10-30%.
And step two, determining the degraded lobular wetland soil nitrogen limiting factor. The nitrogen limiting factor is measured by soil N: P. The specific operation method comprises the following steps of firstly measuring the total nitrogen and total phosphorus content of the soil (with the depth of 0-20 cm) of the lobular chapter wetland; and secondly, calculating according to the total nitrogen and total phosphorus contents of the soil, and when the N: P of the soil is less than 14, indicating that the wetland is limited by N, indicating that the wetland is deficient in nitrogen.
And step three, determining the implementation object of the embodiment, namely the slightly degraded lobular swamp wetland (the coverage of the dominant species of the vegetation in the lobular swamp wetland is 50-70% and is limited by soil nitrogen, namely the soil N is P < 14) according to the step one and the step two.
And step four, watering. The irrigation time is in the last 5 th and last 7 th days; the number of times of irrigation is 2; irrigation quantity, which is applied according to 4.8 tons of water per mu; irrigation type, farmland water return; pumping by a water pump in a water filling mode; and the irrigation is carried out after the farmland is drained, the irrigation is uniform, and the highest water level cannot exceed 10 cm.
And step five, later maintenance and management, wherein when the amount of the farmland drained water is insufficient, the farmland drained water is supplemented by available water sources.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and these embodiments are based on different implementations of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (4)
1. A method for recovering a slightly degraded lobular wetland by farmland drainage, which is characterized in that,
step one, diagnosing the degradation degree of the lobular chapter wetland, namely measuring the degradation degree of the lobular chapter wetland by adopting the coverage index of a community dominant species, wherein the coverage degree of a slightly degraded lobular chapter wetland as the dominant species is 50-70 percent, the coverage degree of a moderately degraded lobular chapter wetland as the dominant species is 30-50 percent, and the coverage degree of a heavily degraded lobular chapter wetland as the dominant species is 10-30 percent;
determining a degraded lobular wetland soil nitrogen limiting factor, wherein the nitrogen limiting factor is measured by adopting soil N: P, and the specific operation method comprises the following steps of firstly measuring the total nitrogen and total phosphorus content of the lobular wetland soil; secondly, calculating according to the total nitrogen and total phosphorus contents of the soil, and when the N is less than 14, indicating that the wetland is limited by N, indicating that the wetland is lack of nitrogen;
step three, determining an implementation object, namely the slightly degraded lobular wetland according to the step one and the step two;
step four, watering, wherein the watering time is in the middle and last ten days of 5 months and the middle and last ten days of 7 months; the number of times of irrigation is 2; the irrigation amount is applied according to 3-5 tons of water per mu; irrigation type, farmland water return; pumping by a water pump in a water filling mode; the irrigation is carried out after the farmland is drained, the irrigation is uniform, and the highest water level cannot exceed 10 cm;
and step five, later maintenance and management, wherein when the amount of the farmland drained water is insufficient, the farmland drained water is supplemented by available water sources.
2. The method for restoring a slightly degraded lobular wetland by farmland drainage according to claim 1, wherein in the fourth step, the irrigation amount is applied at 4.1 tons of water per mu.
3. The method for restoring a slightly degraded lobular wetland by farmland drainage according to claim 1, wherein in the fourth step, the irrigation amount is applied at 3.3 tons of water per mu.
4. The method for restoring a slightly degraded lobular wetland by farmland drainage according to claim 1, wherein in the fourth step, the irrigation amount is applied at 4.8 tons of water per mu.
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| CN111919683B (en) * | 2020-08-21 | 2022-08-09 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Directional recovery method for degraded bolting grass-lobular chapter vegetation of wetland of flood plain |
| CN112314095B (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2022-10-11 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Method for recovering degraded reed wetland by using farmland drainage in spring |
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