CN109613056A - The evaluation method of lithium ion battery fire risk - Google Patents
The evaluation method of lithium ion battery fire risk Download PDFInfo
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- CN109613056A CN109613056A CN201811399532.1A CN201811399532A CN109613056A CN 109613056 A CN109613056 A CN 109613056A CN 201811399532 A CN201811399532 A CN 201811399532A CN 109613056 A CN109613056 A CN 109613056A
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- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
- G01N25/20—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating the development of heat, i.e. calorimetry, e.g. by measuring specific heat, by measuring thermal conductivity
- G01N25/22—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating the development of heat, i.e. calorimetry, e.g. by measuring specific heat, by measuring thermal conductivity on combustion or catalytic oxidation, e.g. of components of gas mixtures
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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- G01N25/50—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating flash-point; by investigating explosibility
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Abstract
This application involves a kind of evaluation methods of lithium ion battery fire risk.The evaluation method of the lithium ion battery fire risk provided in the embodiment of the present application can effectively calculate and evaluate the grade that fire risk occurs for lithium ion battery.The evaluation method of the lithium ion battery fire risk can explicitly obtain the safe condition of lithium ion battery under current state.When lithium ion battery fire risk is higher, it can choose and not apply in engineering.The grade of fire risk occurs for the lithium ion battery that this method obtains, advantageously accounts for the problem of safety of lithium ion battery judges, is conducive to battery type selecting and electrical source of power industry large-scale commercial application.
Description
Technical field
This application involves power battery technology fields, more particularly to the evaluation method of lithium ion battery fire risk.
Background technique
In recent years, the market share of electric car is promoted steadily.There is lithium ion battery high voltage, high-energy-density, length to follow
The excellent performances such as ring service life, no pollution to the environment, the highest attention by ev industry.However, lithium ion battery is easy
It erupts.Lithium ion battery ejection process can generate combustion mixture.The combustion mixture accumulates in lithium ion battery
Portion.After inside lithium ion cell reaches certain pressure boundary, safety valve is opened, and the combustion mixture is with lithium ion battery
It erupts and is discharged into external environment.In lithium ion battery ejection process, surface temperature of lithium ion battery be can reach
1000 DEG C or so.In lithium ion battery ejection process, it is usually associated with Mars.Due to high-temperature lithium ion battery surface and fire
The ignition temperature of the far high eruption of star temperature will easily catch fire once eruption injection contacts in air and with oxygen
Phenomenon, and cause fire.The fire and explosion accident that lithium ion battery thermal runaway causes appear in the newspapers repeatly, therefore, lithium ion battery
Safety issue become and hinder its one of principal element in the application of electrical source of power industry large-scale commercial.Due to lithium ion
Battery fire involves the burning of gas, liquid, solid, and itself is charged, in traditional technical solution, be not possible to evaluation lithium from
The fire safety of sub- battery.
Summary of the invention
Based on this, it is necessary to the burning of gas, liquid, solid is involved for lithium-ion electric Pool fire, and itself is charged,
To lithium ion battery the problem of fire risk is evaluated can not occur for traditional technical solution, provide a kind of lithium ion battery
The evaluation method of fire risk.
A kind of evaluation method of lithium ion battery fire risk, comprising the following steps:
S100, obtains the performance parameter of lithium ion battery to be tested, and the performance parameter includes thermal runaway temperature, electrolyte
Self-ignition point or flash-point, the inflammability limit index of gas eruption object, battery are from taking place time of the thermal runaway to initial burning, electricity
The combustion heat release rate peak value in pond, the combustion heat release amount of battery, the explosion hazard sex index of cells gaseous eruption, gas eruption object
One of peak concentration is a variety of；
S200, according to the performance parameter calculate a possibility that fire occurs for the lithium ion battery to be tested coefficient and
The harm property coefficient of fire occurs for the lithium ion battery to be tested；
S300 is added multiplied by possibility weight factor by possible property coefficient and is endangered property coefficient multiplied by harmfulness weight factor
The dangerous property coefficient that fire occurs for the lithium ion battery to be tested is calculated, wherein the possibility weight factor with it is described
The sum of harmfulness weight factor is equal to 1；
The grade of fire risk occurs for S400, the lithium ion battery to be tested according to the risk factor evaluation.
In one embodiment, the possible property coefficient is equal to the possible property coefficient of thermal runaway multiplied by thermal runaway possibility weight
The factor, in addition electrolyte catches fire, possible property coefficient is multiplied by electrolyte kindling possibility weight factor, along with gas eruption object
Fiery possible property coefficient is multiplied by gas eruption object kindling possibility weight factor；
Wherein, the thermal runaway possibility weight factor, electrolyte kindling possibility weight factor and the gas
The sum of eruption kindling possibility weight factor is 1.
In one embodiment, the thermal runaway may property coefficient C(thermal runaway, to be tested)It is calculated by following formula:
Wherein, T(thermal runaway, with reference to)Temperature when thermal runaway, T occur for reference battery(thermal runaway, to be tested)For the lithium ion to be tested
Temperature when battery thermal runaway occurs.
In one embodiment, the electrolyte kindling may property coefficient C(electrolyte kindling, to be tested)It is calculated by following formula:
Wherein, T(electrolyte, with reference to)The self-ignition point temperature or flash temperature of electrolyte, T occur for reference battery(electrolyte, to be tested)For institute
State the self-ignition point temperature or flash temperature of the electrolyte of lithium ion battery to be tested.
In one embodiment, the gas eruption object kindling may property coefficient C(gas eruption object kindling, to be tested)By following formula meters
It obtains:
UFL(gaseous state eruption, to be tested)For the kindling upper limit of the lithium ion battery gaseous state eruption to be tested, LFL(gaseous state eruption, to be tested)
For the kindling lower limit of the lithium ion battery gaseous state eruption to be tested, H(gaseous state eruption, to be tested)For the lithium ion battery to be tested
Gaseous state eruption inflammability limit index, H(gaseous state eruption, with reference to)For the inflammability limit index of reference battery gaseous state eruption.
In one embodiment, described to endanger property coefficient and multiplied by heat endanger weight factor equal to hot coefficient of injury, in addition quick-fried
Coefficient of injury is fried multiplied by explosion hazard weight factor, along with poison gas coefficient of injury endangers weight factor multiplied by poison gas；
Wherein, the heat endanger weight factor, the explosion hazard weight factor and the poison gas endanger weight factor it
Be 1.
In one embodiment, the hot coefficient of injury C(heat harm, to be tested)It is calculated by following formula:
C(heat harm,It is to be tested)=FIT×C(IT,It is to be tested)+FPHRR×C(PHRR,It is to be tested)+FQ×C(Q,It is to be tested)
Wherein, ITIt is to be testedTime for the lithium ion battery to be tested from generation thermal runaway to initial burning, PHRRIt is to be tested
For the combustion heat release rate peak value of the lithium ion battery to be tested, QIt is to be testedFor the thermal discharge of the lithium ion battery to be tested；
ITWith reference toTime for reference battery from generation thermal runaway to initial burning, PHRRWith reference toFor the combustion heat release of reference battery
Rate peak value, QWith reference toFor the thermal discharge of reference battery；
FITFor the weight factor of the ignition time of the lithium ion battery to be tested, FPHRRFor the lithium-ion electric to be tested
The weight factor of pond combustion heat release rate peak value, FQFor the weight factor of the thermal discharge of the lithium ion battery to be tested, C(IT, to be tested)
For the harm property coefficient of the lithium ion battery ignition time to be tested, C(PHRR, to be tested)It is fired for the lithium ion battery to be tested
It burns and exothermic endangers property coefficient, C(Q, to be tested)For the harm property coefficient of the lithium ion battery thermal discharge to be tested；
The weight of the weight factor of the ignition time, the weight factor of the combustion heat release rate peak value and the thermal discharge
The sum of factor is 1.
In one embodiment, the explosion hazard coefficient C(explosion hazard, to be tested)It is calculated by following formula:
Wherein, KgIt is to be testedFor the explosion hazard sex index of the lithium ion battery gaseous state eruption to be tested, V be it is described to
The constant volume combustion bomb volume of lithium ion battery is tested,It is the lithium ion battery gaseous state eruption to be tested in constant volume burning
Maximum pressure rate of rise in bullet.
In one embodiment, the poison gas coefficient of injury(poison gas harm, to be tested)It is calculated by following formula:
C(poison gas harm,It is to be tested)=F(CO,It is to be tested)×C(CO,It is to be tested)+F(HF,It is to be tested)×C(HF,It is to be tested)
Wherein,The peak concentration of hydrofluoric acid is discharged for the lithium ion battery to be tested,
The peak concentration of carbon monoxide is discharged for the lithium ion battery to be tested,Hydrofluoric acid is discharged for reference battery
Peak concentration,The peak concentration of carbon monoxide is discharged for reference battery；
F(CO, to be tested)The weight factor of carbon monoxide, F are discharged for the lithium ion battery to be tested(HF, to be tested)For it is described to
Test the weight factor of lithium ion battery release hydrofluoric acid, C(CO, to be tested)Carbon monoxide is discharged for the lithium ion battery to be tested
Harm property coefficient, C(HF, to be tested)The harm property coefficient of hydrofluoric acid is discharged for the lithium ion battery to be tested.
In one embodiment, the step S400, according to the risk factor evaluation lithium ion battery fire hazard
The grade of property, comprising:
The dangerous property coefficient being calculated is compared with the fire hazard of reference battery with reference to coefficient;
If the danger property coefficient is less than or equal to 30% with described differ with reference to coefficient, the lithium ion battery to be tested
The risk that fire occurs is C grades, represents safety；
If the danger property coefficient and the reference coefficient differ by more than 30% and less than or equal to 70%, described to be measured
It tries lithium ion battery the risk of fire occurs to be B grades, represent general dangerous；
If the danger property coefficient and the coefficient that refers to differ by more than 70%, the lithium ion battery to be tested occurs
The risk of fire is A grades, represents grave danger.
This application involves a kind of evaluation methods of lithium ion battery fire risk.What is provided in the embodiment of the present application is described
The evaluation method of lithium ion battery fire risk can be calculated effectively and evaluate lithium ion battery generation fire risk
Grade.The evaluation method of the lithium ion battery fire risk can explicitly obtain lithium ion battery under current state
Safe condition.When lithium ion battery fire risk is higher, it can choose and not apply in engineering.This method obtains described
The grade of fire risk occurs for lithium ion battery, advantageously accounts for the problem of safety of lithium ion battery judges, is conducive to
Battery type selecting and electrical source of power industry large-scale commercial application.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the evaluation method of the lithium ion battery fire risk provided in the application one embodiment.
Specific embodiment
It is with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, right in order to which the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the application are more clearly understood
The evaluation method of the application lithium ion battery fire risk is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that tool described herein
Body embodiment is only used to explain the application, is not used to limit the application.
The application provides a kind of evaluation method of lithium ion battery fire risk, using fire hazard property coefficient to lithium from
The risk that fire occurs for sub- battery is evaluated, and respectively from a possibility that fire hazard occurs and after fire hazard generation
Two angles such as harmfulness evaluated.
The risk of lithium ion battery is assessed by three main performance parameters: thermal runaway triggers temperature, electrolysis
Liquid flash-point and gassing inflammability limit index.
Thermal runaway triggering temperature is temperature when thermal runaway takes place in lithium ion battery, is that (heat is indiscriminate for different abuse routes
With, mechanical abuse, electricity abuse etc.) caused by a series of thermal runaways touchings such as the decomposition of SEI film, the consumption of reactive lithium, diaphragm collapse
Clockwork spring part comprehensive function as a result, therefore the parameter can be used to characterize lithium ion battery occur thermal runaway complexity.Lithium from
After thermal runaway occurs for sub- battery, meeting bubbing, such as H after the interaction of inside battery material2、CO2、CO、CH4Deng.
Electrolyte flash-point is the safety index that the electrolyte of inside lithium ion cell is stored, transports and use, simultaneously
It is also the volatility index of flammable liquid.The low flammable liquid of flash-point, volatility is high, is easy kindling, and safety is poor.When
When the pressure of inside battery is more than a threshold value, the gas of inside battery by battery safety valve or can break through battery plastic film and release
It puts to the external world.Electrolyte is contacted with air at high temperature can occur kindling, burning is even exploded.
Gaseous state eruption inflammability limit index is the difficulty that kindling occurs for lithium ion battery bubbing, burning is even exploded
The index of easy degree.Inflammability limit index is higher, illustrates that fuel gas is more easy to happen kindling, burning is even exploded.
It is all for evaluating lithium that thermal runaway, which triggers temperature, electrolyte flash-point and gaseous state eruption inflammability limit index, three,
The index of ion battery Fire Possibility, using thermal runaway triggering temperature, electrolyte flash-point and gaseous state eruption in the application
Evaluation index of the fiery limit index as evaluation lithium ion battery Fire Possibility.
Referring to Fig. 1, in one embodiment, a kind of evaluation method of lithium ion battery fire risk is provided, including
Following steps:
S100 obtains the performance parameter of lithium ion battery to be tested.The performance parameter includes thermal runaway temperature, electrolyte
Self-ignition point or flash-point, the inflammability limit index of gas eruption object, battery are from taking place time of the thermal runaway to initial burning, electricity
The combustion heat release rate peak value in pond, the combustion heat release amount of battery, the explosion hazard sex index of cells gaseous eruption, gas eruption object
One of peak concentration is a variety of.
In this step, one of the performance parameter includes but is not limited to the above various parameters or a variety of.It is described
Lithium ion battery to be tested can be one in a lithium-ion battery monomer, lithium ion battery mould group or lithium ion battery packet
Kind.
S200, according to the performance parameter calculate a possibility that fire occurs for the lithium ion battery to be tested coefficient and
The harm property coefficient of fire occurs for the lithium ion battery to be tested.
In this step, consider that lithium ion battery fire risk includes harm a possibility that fire occurs with generation fire
Property.Lithium ion battery fire risk also may include other coefficients in another examples of implementation.
S300 is added multiplied by possibility weight factor by possible property coefficient and is endangered property coefficient multiplied by harmfulness weight factor
The dangerous property coefficient that fire occurs for the lithium ion battery to be tested is calculated, wherein the possibility weight factor with it is described
The sum of harmfulness weight factor is equal to 1.
In this step, the possibility weight factor and the danger are set when calculating lithium ion battery fire risk
Evil property weight factor, can clearly analyze lithium ion battery fire risk grade by different weight proportions.Specific institute
The sum of possibility weight factor and the harmfulness weight factor are stated equal to 1.For example, the possibility weight factor can be set
It is equal to 0.5 equal to the harmfulness weight factor.The possibility weight factor can also be set and be equal to 0.6, the harmfulness
Weight factor is equal to 0.4.Weight proportion is different, and the dangerous property coefficient of the lithium ion battery to be tested obtained is different.
S400, according to the grade of the risk factor evaluation lithium ion battery fire risk.
It, can be according to the grade of the risk factor evaluation lithium ion battery fire risk in this step.With reference to lithium
The grade of ion battery fire risk can instruct lithium ion battery type selecting and electrical source of power industry large-scale commercial application.
In the present embodiment, the evaluation of the grade to lithium ion battery fire risk is realized by above step.Lithium from
Sub- battery fire hazard refers to harm caused when fire occurs.The application combines heat harm, explosion hazard and has poison gas
Body endangers the influence to lithium ion battery fire risk.The application characterizes its fire hazard using harmfulness coefficient, can be with
Harm caused by the lithium ion battery is explicitly evaluated after fire generation.In the present embodiment, the lithium ion that provides
The evaluation method of battery fire risk can effectively calculate and evaluate the grade that fire risk occurs for lithium ion battery.
The evaluation method of the lithium ion battery fire risk can explicitly provide the fire risk grade of lithium ion battery,
Certain foundation is provided for lithium ion battery type selecting.
Danger property coefficient described in the step S300 can be indicated with the form of formula (1):
C(risk, to be tested)=Possibility×C(possibility, to be tested)+Harmfulness×C(harmfulness, to be tested)Formula (1)
Wherein, C(risk, to be tested)Represent the dangerous property coefficient that fire occurs for the lithium ion battery to be tested.C(possibility, to be tested)
Represent a possibility that fire occurs for the lithium ion battery to be tested coefficient.C(possibility, to be tested)Represent the lithium-ion electric to be tested
The harm property coefficient of pond generation fire.The FPossibilityWith the FHarmfulnessRepresent weight factor, and FPossibility+FHarmfulness=1.
FPossibilityAnd FHarmfulnessThe two weight factors can by factor analysis, correlation coefficient process, expert's ranking method, RSR method,
Delphi method, arithmetic mean Evaluation formula even multiply and accumulate Evaluation formula, fuzzy mathematics judgment method, superiority chart etc. really
It is fixed.When lacking related data and can not determine weight factor, empirical method can be used, F can be set in the applicationPossibility=FHarmfulness
=0.5.Certainly it may be arranged as FPossibility=0.6, FHarmfulness=0.4.FPossibility=0.55, FHarmfulness=0.45.FPossibility=0.45,
FHarmfulness=0.55.FPossibility=0.4, FHarmfulness=0.6.FPossibility=0.3, FHarmfulness=0.7.
In one embodiment, possible property coefficient is mainly from the generation of thermal runaway, the kindling of electrolyte and gaseous state eruption
The aspect of kindling three calculated.Circular can be the possible property coefficient and multiply equal to the possible property coefficient of thermal runaway
With thermal runaway possibility weight factor, and electrolyte catch fire may property coefficient catch fire possibility weight factor multiplied by electrolyte,
Along with gas eruption object catches fire possible property coefficient multiplied by gas eruption object kindling possibility weight factor.Following formula can be used
(2) it calculates:
The possibility property coefficient C(possibility, to be tested)It is calculated by formula (2):
C(possibility, to be tested)=
F thermal runaway × C (thermal runaway, to be tested)+F electrolyte kindling × C (electrolyte kindling, to be tested)+F gas eruption
Object kindling × C (gas eruption object kindling, to be tested) formula (2)
Wherein, FThermal runawayFor the weight factor of the lithium ion battery thermal runaway to be tested, C(thermal runaway, to be tested)It is described to be tested
The possible property coefficient of the thermal runaway of lithium ion battery, FElectrolyte kindlingFor the lithium-ion battery electrolytes to be tested kindling weight because
Son, C(electrolyte kindling, to be tested)For the possible property coefficient of electrolyte kindling of the lithium ion battery to be tested, FThe kindling of gas eruption objectIt is described to be measured
Try the weight factor of lithium ion battery gas eruption object kindling, C(gas eruption object kindling, to be tested)For the lithium ion battery gas to be tested
The thermal runaway of eruption kindling may property coefficient.
In this step, wherein FThermal runaway+FElectrolyte kindling+FThe kindling of gaseous state eruption=1, which can pass through factor analysis, correlation
Y-factor method Y, RSR method, Delphi method, arithmetic mean Evaluation formula, even multiplies accumulation Evaluation formula, fuzzy number at expert's ranking method
Judgment method, superiority chart etc. is learned to determine.When lacking related data and can not determine weight factor, empirical method can be used, this
F can be set in embodimentThermal runaway=FElectrolyte kindling=FThe kindling of gaseous state eruption=1/3.Also F can be setThermal runaway=0.3, FElectrolyte kindling, 0.3,
FThe kindling of gaseous state eruption=0.4.
In one embodiment, the thermal runaway may property coefficient C(thermal runaway, to be tested)It is calculated by formula (3):
Wherein, T(thermal runaway, to be tested)Temperature when occurring for the lithium ion battery thermal runaway to be tested, can be exhausted by accelerating
Hot calorimeter experiment is tested.A kind of method calculating the possible property coefficient of the thermal runaway, Ke Yijie are provided in the present embodiment
Close reference battery thermal runaway temperature calculate the lithium ion battery thermal runaway to be tested occur when temperature and it is described to
Testing lithium ion battery thermal runaway may property coefficient.The calculation method provided in the present embodiment loses the heat being calculated
It is more acurrate to control possible property coefficient.
In one embodiment, the electrolyte kindling may property coefficient C(electrolyte kindling, to be tested)It is calculated by formula (4):
Wherein, T(electrolyte, to be tested)It, can for the self-ignition point temperature or flash temperature of the electrolyte of the lithium ion battery to be tested
It is tested by self-ignition point or flash-point test experiments.A kind of calculating electrolyte kindling possibility system is provided in the present embodiment
Several methods can calculate the self-ignition point of the lithium-ion battery electrolytes to be tested in conjunction with the electrolyte burning point of reference battery
Temperature or flash temperature and the electrolyte catch fire may property coefficient.The calculation method provided in the present embodiment to calculate
The possible property coefficient of electrolyte kindling out is more acurrate.
In one embodiment, the gas eruption object kindling may property coefficient C(gas eruption object kindling, to be tested)By formula (5) and public affairs
Formula (6) is calculated:
UFL(gaseous state eruption, to be tested)For the kindling upper limit of the lithium ion battery eruption to be tested, LFL(gaseous state eruption, to be tested)For institute
State the kindling lower limit of lithium ion battery eruption to be tested, H(gaseous state eruption, to be tested)For the lithium ion battery eruption to be tested
Inflammability limit index.The kindling upper limit and kindling lower limit of the lithium ion battery to be tested can be surveyed by explosion analysis tester
Examination.A kind of method calculating the possible property coefficient of gas eruption object kindling is provided in the present embodiment, reference battery can be combined
Gas eruption object inflammability limit coefficient calculate the kindling upper limit, described to be tested of the lithium ion battery eruption to be tested
The inflammability limit coefficient and the gas of catch fire lower limit, the lithium ion battery eruption to be tested of lithium ion battery eruption
Body eruption catches fire may property coefficient.The calculation method provided in the present embodiment makes the gas eruption object that is calculated
Fiery possible property coefficient is more acurrate.
In above embodiments, the harm property coefficient of the lithium ion battery to be tested mainly from heat harm, explosion hazard and
Poison gas endangers three aspects and is calculated.In one embodiment, wherein FHeat harm+FExplosion hazard+FPoison gas harm=1, which can
Multiplied by factor analysis, correlation coefficient process, expert's ranking method, RSR method, Delphi method, arithmetic mean Evaluation formula, company tired
Product Evaluation formula, fuzzy mathematics judgment method, superiority chart etc. determine.When shortage related data can not determine weight factor
When, empirical method can be used, F can be set in the present embodimentHeat harm=FExplosion hazard=FPoison gas harm=1/3.FHeat harm=0.3, FExplosion hazard=
0.3, FPoison gas harm=0.4.
In one embodiment, described to endanger property coefficient C(harmfulness, to be tested)It is calculated by formula (7):
C(harmfulness,It is to be tested)
=FHeat harm×C(heat harm,It is to be tested)+FExplosion hazard×C(explosion hazard,It is to be tested)+FPoison gas harm
×C(poison gas harm, to be tested)Formula (7)
Wherein, FHeat harmHeat occurs for the lithium ion battery to be tested and endangers weight factor, C(heat harm, to be tested)It is described to be measured
Try the hot coefficient of injury of lithium ion battery, FExplosion hazardFor the generation explosion hazard weight factor of the lithium ion battery to be tested,
C(explosion hazard, i are to be tested)The explosion hazard coefficient of the lithium ion battery to be tested, FPoison gas harmFor the hair of the lithium ion battery to be tested
Raw poison gas endangers weight factor, C(poison gas harm, to be tested)For the poison gas coefficient of injury of the lithium ion battery to be tested.The heat harm
It is 1 that weight factor, the explosion hazard weight factor and the poison gas, which endanger the sum of weight factor,.F in one embodimentHeat harm
=FExplosion hazard=FPoison gas harm=1/3, middle F also can be setHeat harm=0.3, FExplosion hazard=0.3, FPoison gas harm=0.4.
In one embodiment, the hot coefficient of injury C(heat harm, to be tested)It is calculated by formula (8)-formula (11):
C(heat harm, to be tested)=FIT×C(IT, to be tested)+FPHRR×C(PHRR, to be tested)+FQ×C(Q, to be tested)Formula (8)
Wherein, IT (Ignition time) is the time that thermal runaway takes place from battery to initial burning, and PHRR is electricity
Pond combustion heat release rate peak value, Q are cells burst thermal discharge, FITFor the weight factor of ignition time, FPHRRFor cells burst heat release
The weight factor of rate peak value, FQFor the weight factor of cells burst thermal discharge, C(IT, to be tested)For the lithium ion battery to be tested
The harm property coefficient of fiery time, C(PHRR, to be tested)For the harm property coefficient of the lithium ion battery combustion heat release to be tested, C(Q, to be tested)
For the harm property coefficient of the lithium ion battery thermal discharge to be tested.In the present embodiment, ignition time, IT was shorter, and harmfulness is got over
Greatly.Thermal discharge peak value PHRR is bigger, and harmfulness is bigger.Thermal discharge Q is more, and harmfulness is bigger.In one embodiment, FIT+
FPHRR+FQ=1, which can pass through factor analysis, correlation coefficient process, expert's ranking method, RSR method, Delphi method, calculation
Art mean Evaluation formula, company multiply accumulation Evaluation formula, fuzzy mathematics judgment method, superiority chart etc. and determine.When shortage phase
When closing data and can not determine weight factor, empirical method can be used, F can be set in the present embodimentIT=FPHRR=FQ=1/3,
Also F can be setIT=0.3, FPHRR=0.3, FQ=0.4.
In one embodiment, the explosion hazard property coefficient C(explosion hazard, to be tested)It is calculated by formula (12) and formula (13):
Wherein, Kg is explosion hazard sex index, and V is constant volume combustion bomb volume,For battery gas in constant volume combustion bomb
The maximum pressure rate of rise that the burning of body eruption generates.In the present embodiment, provides and a kind of calculate the explosion hazard property coefficient
Method can calculate the lithium ion battery to be tested and explosion hazard occurs in conjunction with the explosion hazard sex index of reference battery
The explosion hazard property coefficient.The calculation method provided in the present embodiment makes the explosion hazard property coefficient being calculated more
Accurately.
In one embodiment, the poison gas endangers property coefficient(poison gas harm, to be tested)It is calculated by formula (14)-formula (16):
C(poison gas harm, to be tested)=F(CO, to be tested)×C(CO, to be tested)+F(HF, to be tested)×C(HF, to be tested)Formula (14)
Wherein, Pc is peak concentration,The concentration peak of hydrofluoric acid is discharged for the lithium ion battery to be tested
Value,The peak concentration of carbon monoxide is discharged for the lithium ion battery to be tested.
F can be set in the present embodimentCO+FHF=1, the weight factor can by factor analysis, correlation coefficient process, specially
Family's ranking method, Delphi method, arithmetic mean Evaluation formula, even multiplies accumulation Evaluation formula, fuzzy mathematics judgement side at RSR method
Method, superiority chart etc. determine.When lacking related data and can not determine weight factor, empirical method can be used, implement at one
F can be set in exampleCO=FHF=0.5, F also can be set in another embodimentCO=0.6, FHF=0.4.
In one embodiment, in order to obtain the absolute figure of a reaction cell fire risk, one can be set
Reference battery, and the result of the calculated result of the lithium ion battery to be tested and the reference battery is normalized
(being scaled by certain proportion) obtains absolute figure, can carry out fire hazard grade classification, and the reference in this way
The numerical value of any one evaluation parameter of battery is 1.Reference battery correlation performance parameters (such as the electrolyte flash-point, gassing
Inflammability limit index, heat liberation rate, heat release rate peak value etc.) it can be ideal safer battery.In one embodiment, the step
S400, according to the grade of the risk factor evaluation lithium ion battery fire risk, comprising:
S410 chooses reference battery, obtains the performance parameter of the reference battery.
S420 calculates the Fire Possibility coefficient and fire hazard property coefficient of the lithium ion battery to be tested, Jin Erji
Calculation obtains fire hazard property coefficient；
S431, if the fire hazard property coefficient is more than or equal to 1.5, fire occurs for the lithium ion battery to be tested
Risk is A grades, represents grave danger；
S432, if the fire hazard property coefficient is more than or equal to 0.5 and less than 1.5, the lithium ion battery to be tested
The risk that fire occurs is B grades, is represented general dangerous；
S433, if the fire hazard property coefficient, less than 0.5, the danger of fire occurs for the lithium ion battery to be tested
Property be C grade, represent safely.
In the present embodiment, the tool of the grade according to the risk factor evaluation lithium ion battery fire risk is provided
Body step.The dangerous property coefficient is combined with the evaluation of lithium ion battery fire risk grade, can explicitly be obtained
The safe condition of lithium ion battery under current state.According to the risk factor evaluation lithium ion battery fire risk etc.
Grade advantageously accounts for the problem of safety of lithium ion battery judges, is conducive to electrical source of power industry large-scale commercial application.
More than, in actual application lithium ion battery occur fire a possibility that and fire harmfulness need and
When judgement and feedback.A possibility that lithium ion battery generation fire and lithium ion battery, the physicochemical characteristics of itself ceased
It is related.Lithium ion battery Fire danger assessment includes two aspect contents: the harmfulness of a possibility that fire occurs and fire.
The application characterizes lithium ion battery fire risk with fire risk coefficient.When lithium ion battery kindling is respectively adopted in the application
Between, the hot harmfulness of the characterization lithium ion battery such as cells burst heat liberation rate, heat release rate peak value, cells burst thermal discharge.Using gas eruption object
Explosion hazard sex index characterization lithium ion battery explosion hazard.Using in cell gas eruption and cells burst discharge
Toxic gas maximum concentration characterization lithium ion battery toxic gas harmfulness.The lithium ion battery fire risk
Evaluation method can explicitly obtain the safe condition of lithium ion battery under current state.
Tables 1 and 2 is please referred to, a reference battery and two lithium ion batteries to be tested are provided.It is shown in table described
The performance parameter of reference battery and two lithium ion batteries to be tested and coefficient, harmfulness system a possibility that be calculated
Number, dangerous property coefficient and danger classes.In a specific embodiment, FPossibility=FHarmfulness=0.5, described first to be measured
Try a possibility that fire occurs for lithium ion battery coefficient C(possibility, to be tested)It is 0.82, first lithium ion battery hair to be tested
The harm property coefficient C for calamity of lighting a fire(harmfulness, to be tested)It is 0.47, the risk of fire occurs for first lithium ion battery to be tested
Coefficient C(risk, to be tested)It is 0.64.Since fire hazard property coefficient (0.64) occurs for described first lithium ion battery to be tested greatly
In equal to 0.5 and less than 1.5, then it is B grades that the risk of fire, which occurs, for described first lithium ion battery to be tested, is represented general
It is dangerous.
In another specific embodiment, FPossibility=FHarmfulness=0.5, second lithium ion battery to be tested occurs
A possibility that fire coefficient C(possibility, to be tested)It is 1.71, the harmfulness system of fire occurs for second lithium ion battery to be tested
Number C(harmfulness, to be tested)It is 1.73, the dangerous property coefficient C of fire occurs for second lithium ion battery to be tested(risk, to be tested)For
1.72.Be greater than 1.5 since fire hazard property coefficient (1.72) occur for described second lithium ion battery to be tested, then described second
The risk that fire occurs for a lithium ion battery to be tested is A grades, represents grave danger.
In above-described embodiment, part of performance parameter is only had chosen for calculating fire hazard property coefficient.Wherein it is electrolysed
Liquid flash-point and thermal runaway temperature are for calculating fire hazard property coefficient, explosion hazard sex index and HF peak concentration for calculating fire
Calamity endangers property coefficient.In a further embodiment, more performance parameters can also be chosen accurately to calculate lithium ion battery
The fire hazard property coefficient occurred has prompted staff to carry out early warning.
The performance parameter of 1: three battery of table
The different types of coefficient of 2: three batteries of table and danger classes
| Possible property coefficient | Endanger property coefficient | Dangerous property coefficient | Danger classes | |
| Reference battery | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | — |
| First lithium ion battery to be tested | 0.82 | 0.47 | 0.64 | B grades |
| Second lithium ion battery to be tested | 1.71 | 1.73 | 1.72 | A grades |
Each technical characteristic of embodiment described above can be combined arbitrarily, for simplicity of description, not to above-mentioned reality
It applies all possible combination of each technical characteristic in example to be all described, as long as however, the combination of these technical characteristics is not deposited
In contradiction, all should be considered as described in this specification.
The several embodiments of the application above described embodiment only expresses, the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but simultaneously
It cannot therefore be construed as limiting the scope of the patent.It should be pointed out that coming for those of ordinary skill in the art
It says, without departing from the concept of this application, various modifications and improvements can be made, these belong to the protection of the application
Range.Therefore, the scope of protection shall be subject to the appended claims for the application patent.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of evaluation method of lithium ion battery fire risk, which comprises the following steps:
S100, obtains the performance parameter of lithium ion battery to be tested, and the performance parameter includes thermal runaway temperature, electrolyte spontaneous combustion
Point or flash-point, the explosion limit of gas eruption object, battery are from occurring thermal runaway to initial burning time, the burning of lithium ion battery
Heat liberation rate, heat release rate peak value, the combustion heat release amount of lithium ion battery, the explosion hazard sex index of lithium ion battery gaseous state eruption, gas spray
Send out one of object peak concentration or a variety of；
S200 calculates a possibility that fire occurs for the lithium ion battery to be tested coefficient and described according to the performance parameter
The harm property coefficient of fire occurs for lithium ion battery to be tested；
S300 is added multiplied by possibility weight factor by possible property coefficient and is endangered property coefficient multiplied by the calculating of harmfulness weight factor
Show that the dangerous property coefficient of fire occurs for the lithium ion battery to be tested, wherein the possibility weight factor and the harm
Property the sum of weight factor be equal to 1；
The grade of fire risk occurs for S400, the lithium ion battery to be tested according to the risk factor evaluation.
2. the evaluation method of lithium ion battery fire risk as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the possibility system
Number is equal to the possible property coefficient of thermal runaway multiplied by thermal runaway possibility weight factor, in addition electrolyte catches fire, possible property coefficient is multiplied by electricity
Solution liquid kindling possibility weight factor, along with gas eruption object catches fire possible property coefficient multiplied by gas eruption object kindling possibility
Weight factor；
Wherein, the thermal runaway possibility weight factor, electrolyte kindling possibility weight factor and the gas eruption
The sum of object kindling possibility weight factor is 1.
3. the evaluation method of lithium ion battery fire risk as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that the thermal runaway can
It can property coefficient C(thermal runaway, to be tested)It is calculated by following formula:
Wherein, T(thermal runaway, with reference to)Temperature when thermal runaway, T occur for reference battery(thermal runaway, to be tested)For the lithium ion battery to be tested
Temperature when thermal runaway occurs.
4. the evaluation method of lithium ion battery fire risk as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that the electrolyte
Fiery possible property coefficient C(electrolyte kindling, to be tested)It is calculated by following formula:
Wherein, T(electrolyte, with reference to)The self-ignition point temperature or flash temperature of electrolyte, T occur for reference battery(electrolyte, to be tested)For it is described to
Test the self-ignition point temperature or flash temperature of the electrolyte of lithium ion battery.
5. the evaluation method of lithium ion battery fire risk as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that the gas eruption
Object catches fire may property coefficient C(gas eruption object kindling, to be tested)It is calculated by following formula:
UFL(gaseous state eruption, to be tested)For the kindling upper limit of the lithium ion battery gaseous state eruption to be tested, LFL(gaseous state eruption, to be tested)For institute
State the kindling lower limit of lithium ion battery gaseous state eruption to be tested, H(gaseous state eruption, to be tested)For the gas of the lithium ion battery to be tested
The explosion danger degree of state eruption, H(gaseous state eruption, with reference to)For the explosion danger degree of reference battery gaseous state eruption.
6. the evaluation method of lithium ion battery fire risk as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the harmfulness system
Number is equal to hot coefficient of injury and multiplied by heat endangers weight factor, in addition explosion hazard coefficient is multiplied by explosion hazard weight factor, then plus
Upper poison gas coefficient of injury endangers weight factor multiplied by poison gas；
Wherein, the heat, which endangers weight factor, the explosion hazard weight factor and the poison gas and endangers the sum of weight factor, is
1。
7. the evaluation method of lithium ion battery fire risk as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that heat harm system
Number C(heat harm, to be tested)It is calculated by following formula:
C(heat harm, to be tested)=FIT×C(IT, to be tested)+FPHRR×C(PHRR, to be tested)+FQ×C(Q, to be tested)
Wherein, ITIt is to be testedIt is the lithium ion battery to be tested from thermal runaway occurs to initial burning time, PHRRIt is to be testedIt is described
The combustion heat release rate peak value of lithium ion battery to be tested, QIt is to be testedFor the combustion heat release amount of the lithium ion battery to be tested；
ITWith reference toTime for reference battery from generation thermal runaway to initial burning, PHRRWith reference toFor the combustion heat release rate peak of reference battery
Value, QWith reference toFor the combustion heat release amount of reference battery；
FITFor the weight factor of the ignition time of the lithium ion battery to be tested, FPHRRIt is fired for the lithium ion battery to be tested
Burn the weight factor of heat liberation rate, heat release rate peak value, FQFor the weight factor of the thermal discharge of the lithium ion battery to be tested, C(IT, to be tested)For institute
State the harm property coefficient of lithium ion battery ignition time to be tested, C(PHRR, to be tested)It is put for the lithium ion battery burning to be tested
The harm property coefficient of heat, C(Q, to be tested)For the harm property coefficient of the lithium ion battery combustion heat release amount to be tested；
The weight factor of the weight factor of the ignition time, the weight factor of the combustion heat release rate peak value and the thermal discharge
The sum of be 1.
8. the evaluation method of lithium ion battery fire risk as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that the explosion hazard
Coefficient C(explosion hazard, to be tested)It is calculated by following formula:
Wherein, KgIt is to be testedFor the explosion hazard sex index of the lithium ion battery gaseous state eruption to be tested, V is described to be tested
The constant volume combustion bomb volume of lithium ion battery gaseous state eruption,For the lithium ion battery gaseous state eruption to be tested
Maximum pressure rate of rise in constant volume combustion bomb.
9. the evaluation method of lithium ion battery fire risk as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that the poison gas harm
Coefficient C(poison gas harm, to be tested)It is calculated by following formula:
C(poison gas harm, to be tested)=F(CO, to be tested)×C(CO, to be tested)+F(HF, to be tested)×C(HF, to be tested)
Wherein, Pc(HF, to be tested)The peak concentration of hydrofluoric acid, Pc are discharged for the lithium ion battery to be tested(CO, to be tested)For it is described to
Test the peak concentration of lithium ion battery release carbon monoxide, Pc(HF, with reference to)The peak concentration of hydrofluoric acid is discharged for reference battery,
Pc(CO, with reference to)The peak concentration of carbon monoxide is discharged for reference battery；
F(CO, to be tested)The weight factor of carbon monoxide, F are discharged for the lithium ion battery to be tested(HF, to be tested)For the lithium to be tested
Ion battery discharges the weight factor of hydrofluoric acid, C(CO, to be tested)The harm of carbon monoxide is discharged for the lithium ion battery to be tested
Property coefficient, C(HF, to be tested)The harm property coefficient of hydrofluoric acid is discharged for the lithium ion battery to be tested.
10. the evaluation method of lithium ion battery fire risk as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the step
S400, according to the grade of the risk factor evaluation lithium ion battery fire risk, comprising:
The dangerous property coefficient being calculated is compared with the fire hazard of reference battery with reference to coefficient；
If the danger property coefficient is less than or equal to 30% with described differ with reference to coefficient, the lithium ion battery to be tested occurs
The risk of fire is C grades, represents safety；
If the danger property coefficient and the coefficient that refers to differ by more than 30% and are less than or equal to 70%, the lithium to be tested
The risk that fire occurs for ion battery is B grades, is represented general dangerous；
If the danger property coefficient and the coefficient that refers to differ by more than 70%, fire occurs for the lithium ion battery to be tested
Risk be A grades, represent grave danger.
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