CN109611060A - A kind of floating screen casing - Google Patents
A kind of floating screen casing Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109611060A CN109611060A CN201811416014.6A CN201811416014A CN109611060A CN 109611060 A CN109611060 A CN 109611060A CN 201811416014 A CN201811416014 A CN 201811416014A CN 109611060 A CN109611060 A CN 109611060A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- chimney filter
- screen casing
- hermetic type
- type chamber
- outer protection
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/02—Subsoil filtering
- E21B43/08—Screens or liners
- E21B43/086—Screens with preformed openings, e.g. slotted liners
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of floating screen casings, including being shorted, connector sleeve, connector, seal plug, hermetic type chamber, outer protection tube, chimney filter, base tube and box cupling, the chimney filter both ends are connected separately with short circuit, it is shorted and is threadedly coupled by connector with chimney filter, chimney filter inner wall is socketed with base tube, the chimney filter periphery is equipped with outer protection tube, outer protection tube both ends pass through connector sleeve respectively and are threadedly coupled with short circuit, hermetic type chamber is welded in middle cavity space between the outer protection tube and chimney filter, the box cupling is threadedly coupled with short circuit, the junction of the hermetic type chamber and connector sleeve is equipped with seal plug.The present invention is by being internally provided with multiple hermetic type chambers in traditional screen casing, by to the intracavitary filling air of hermetic type or low density drilling fluid, screen casing is set to generate buoyancy in drilling fluid, mitigate the weight of screen casing tubing string with this, reduce the frictional resistance between screen casing and casing, open hole wall, solves the problems, such as in the long horizontal well completion operation of big displacement that screen casing is gone into the well hardly possible.
Description
Technical field:
The invention belongs to petroleum oil well completion field of operation, in particular to a kind of floating screen casing.
Background technique:
With the continuous development of drilling technology, in the exploitation in marginal oil field or oil sheet oil field, extended reach well and level
Well plays the role of highly important.The outstanding feature extended horizontal well of extended horizontal well generally has longer level
Section, tubing string is affected by frictional in work progress.In the complete well screen operation of extended reach well, due to conventional screen by
The composition such as perforated base pipe, filter sheath and outer jointing jacket, can not form effective hermetic type chamber, so that during tripping in inside screen casing
Buoyancy suffered by screen casing string is smaller, and most of weight of screen casing acts on the borehole wall, and screen casing is larger with wall contact force, leads to screen casing
Frictional resistance between casing, open hole wall is big, causes screen insertion difficult.Screen insertion is once hampered, and top tubing string is difficult to apply
Add effective weight and complete tripping in, processing means are extremely limited, and seriously affect operation timeliness.
To reduce influence of the high frictional resistance to screen insertion to the maximum extent, a kind of Novel sieve tube need to be researched and developed, which can mention
For biggish buoyancy, to mitigate the contact force of screen casing and the borehole wall, achieve the purpose that reduce tripping in frictional resistance.Floating screen casing is exactly a kind of
Air or low-density drilling well are filled with by increasing multiple hermetic type chambers between screen casing filter layer and outer jointing jacket, and type is intracavitary
Liquid mitigates weight of the entire screen casing tubing string in drilling fluid to increase screen casing buoyancy, during solving High angle well screen
Existing high frictional resistance problem.The utilization of floating screen technology has for solving the problems, such as the long horizontal well sieve tube tripping in of big displacement
Important practical significance.
Summary of the invention:
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of novel floating screen casing, the screen casing be arranged inside traditional screen casing it is multiple closed
Type chamber, by the intracavitary filling air of hermetic type or filling low density drilling fluid, to increase screen casing in well in drilling fluid
Buoyancy, mitigates the weight of screen casing tubing string with this, reduces frictional resistance, solves screen casing in the long horizontal well completion operation of big displacement and goes into the well difficulty
The problem of.
Present invention employs technical solutions below:
A kind of floating screen casing, including short circuit, connector sleeve, connector, seal plug, hermetic type chamber, outer protection tube, chimney filter, base tube
And box cupling, the chimney filter both ends are connected separately with short circuit, are shorted and are threadedly coupled by connector with chimney filter, chimney filter inner wall is socketed with
Base tube, the chimney filter periphery are equipped with outer protection tube, and outer protection tube both ends pass through connector sleeve respectively and are threadedly coupled with short circuit, and described is outer
Hermetic type chamber is welded in middle cavity space between pillar and chimney filter, the box cupling is threadedly coupled with short circuit, and described is closed
The junction of type chamber and connector sleeve is equipped with seal plug.
The hermetic type chamber is four uniformly distributed round waist type pipes.
Described hermetic type chamber one end is blocked using welding, stays that there are three wire holes on other end welding plugging plate, described
Wire hole is blocked with seal plug.
The chimney filter is stainless steel wrap wire pipe or precision stainless steel microhole sand filter.
Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
1, by being equipped with a plurality of hermetic type chamber inside screen casing, hermetic type is intracavitary can to fill air or other lightweights Jie
Matter makes entire screen casing generate buoyancy in drilling fluid, mitigates the weight of screen casing tubing string with this, reduces screen casing and casing, naked eye
Frictional resistance between the borehole wall, while the number of its hermetic type chamber can be increased and decreased according to need of work, in order to more meet use
It is required that.
2, wire hole is equipped with by hermetic type chamber one end inside screen casing, wire hole can be blocked with seal plug, be sealed
Mechanical unlatching may be implemented repeatedly in plug, convenient for the replacement of hermetic type chamber inner air or low density drilling fluid.
3, seemingly, structure is simple, easy to produce for the floating screen casing and conventional screen tubing.
4, for the floating screen joint using being threadedly coupled, connection type is simple, greatly simplifies on-site assembly process.
Detailed description of the invention:
Fig. 1 is longitudinally cutting structural schematic diagram of the invention；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the section structure of the Fig. 1 along line A-A.
Specific embodiment:
Floating screen casing of the invention is that multiple hermetic type chambers is arranged inside traditional screen casing, by intracavitary pre- to hermetic type
First perhaps light liquids are floated filling air using what hermetic type chamber and intracavitary air or light liquids generated in drilling fluid
Power mitigates the weight of screen casing tubing string with this, reduces the frictional resistance between screen casing and casing, open hole wall, so that it is big to reach solution
It is displaced the problem of screen insertion hardly possible in long horizontal well completion operation.
Below in conjunction with attached drawing, the present invention is described in further detail with specific embodiment.
Refering to fig. 1, shown in 2, a kind of floating screen casing, including it is shorted 1, connector sleeve 2, connector 3, seal plug 4, hermetic type chamber
5, outer protection tube 6, chimney filter 7, base tube 8 and box cupling 9,7 both ends of chimney filter are connected separately with short circuit 1, be shorted 1 by connector 3 with
Chimney filter 7 is threadedly coupled, and 7 inner wall of chimney filter is socketed with base tube 8, and 7 periphery of chimney filter is equipped with outer protection tube 6,6 both ends of outer protection tube difference
It is threadedly coupled by connector sleeve 2 with being shorted 1, is welded with hermetic type in the middle cavity space 10 between the outer protection tube 6 and chimney filter 7
Chamber 5, the box cupling 9 are threadedly coupled with being shorted 1, and the junction of the hermetic type chamber 5 and connector sleeve 2 is equipped with seal plug 4,
Mechanical unlatching may be implemented in seal plug 4, convenient for filling air or low density drilling fluid in hermetic type chamber 5, passes through hermetic type
Air or low density drilling fluid in chamber 5 mitigate weight of the screen casing tubing string in drilling fluid, reduce screen casing and casing, open hole well
Frictional resistance between wall.
The hermetic type chamber 5 is four uniformly distributed round waist type pipes.
As shown in fig.2, the hermetic type chamber 5 is blocked using one end, the other end stays that there are three wire hole 11, the wire holes 11
Cooperate with seal plug 4 to realize sealing 5 inner air of hermetic type chamber or low density drilling fluid.
The chimney filter 7 is stainless steel wrap wire pipe or precision stainless steel microhole sand filter.
It is threadedly coupled by box cupling 9 with being shorted 1 between the screen casing and screen casing, is connected inside entire screen casing tubing string after connection
It passes through unimpeded.
Working principle:
Before completion practice screen casing is gone into the well, air is injected into hermetic type chamber 5 by the wire hole 11 on plugging plate first
Or low density drilling fluid, the wire hole 11 on plugging plate is blocked using seal plug 4, so that forming one inside hermetic type chamber 5
The enclosure space of built-in air or other lightweight mediums after the screen casing is gone into the well, is generated in drilling fluid using hermetic type chamber 5
Buoyancy, mitigate the weight of screen casing tubing string with this, reduce the frictional resistance between screen casing and casing, open hole wall, so that screen casing pipe
Column tripping in is more easy, safety.
Meanwhile hermetic type chamber 5 is that round waist type seal chamber is uniformly welded on 6 outer protection tubes, hermetic type chamber 5 and middle cavity space
Gap between 10 can make crude oil normally deeply, not influence the normal filtration function of chimney filter 7.
The foregoing is merely the preferred embodiment of the present invention, interest field of the invention cannot be limited with this, for
For those skilled in the art, any modification or deformation, equivalent replacement etc. are carried out to technical solution of the present invention,
All without departing from essence and protection scope of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of floating screen casing, including short circuit (1), connector sleeve (2), connector (3), seal plug (4), hermetic type chamber (5), outer shield
Manage (6), chimney filter (7), base tube (8) and box cupling (9), it is characterised in that: described chimney filter (7) both ends are connected separately with short circuit (1),
It is shorted (1) to be threadedly coupled by connector (3) with chimney filter (7), chimney filter (7) inner wall is socketed with base tube (8), and the chimney filter (7) is outside
It encloses and is equipped with outer protection tube (6), outer protection tube (6) both ends pass through connector sleeve (2) respectively and are threadedly coupled with (1) is shorted, the outer protection tube
(6) it is welded with hermetic type chamber (5) in the middle cavity space (10) between chimney filter (7), the box cupling (9) and short circuit (1) screw thread
Connection, the hermetic type chamber (5) and the junction of connector sleeve (2) are equipped with seal plug (4).
2. floating screen casing according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the hermetic type chamber (5) is four uniformly distributed circle waists
Shape pipe.
3. floating screen casing according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: described hermetic type chamber (5) one end is using welding envelope
It is stifled, it stays on other end welding plugging plate there are three wire hole (11), the wire hole (11) is blocked with seal plug (4).
4. floating screen casing according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the chimney filter (7) is for stainless steel wrap wire pipe or not
Become rusty steel precise micropore sand screen.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811416014.6A CN109611060B (en) | 2018-11-26 | 2018-11-26 | Floating sieve tube |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811416014.6A CN109611060B (en) | 2018-11-26 | 2018-11-26 | Floating sieve tube |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN109611060A true CN109611060A (en) | 2019-04-12 |
| CN109611060B CN109611060B (en) | 2021-03-02 |
Family
ID=66004605
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811416014.6A Active CN109611060B (en) | 2018-11-26 | 2018-11-26 | Floating sieve tube |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN109611060B (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110374530A (en) * | 2019-07-16 | 2019-10-25 | 中国石油集团川庆钻探工程有限公司长庆井下技术作业公司 | A method of increasing tubing string depth of setting by changing tube fluid density |
| CN110439478A (en) * | 2019-07-18 | 2019-11-12 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Inner layer sleeve is the pipe in pipe casing being threadedly coupled and its assembly method |
| CN111021972A (en) * | 2020-01-16 | 2020-04-17 | 吕梁学院 | This clear coal device of coal seam gas drainage drilling hole collapse pressure wind formula |
| EP4345245A1 (en) * | 2022-09-27 | 2024-04-03 | Akademia Gorniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanislawa Staszica w Krakowie | A method for installation of modular groundwater filter in a borehole and a groundwater filter module |
Citations (24)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4231312A (en) * | 1978-08-21 | 1980-11-04 | Global Marine, Inc. | Flexible ocean upwelling pipe |
| JPH09126353A (en) * | 1995-10-30 | 1997-05-13 | Nippon Steel Corp | Method for laying pipe under ground in arc-shape by utilizing buoyancy |
| CN2375839Y (en) * | 1999-06-09 | 2000-04-26 | 赵万荣 | Pressure anti-leak variable buoyancy oil delivery floating pipe |
| CA2309489A1 (en) * | 1999-05-28 | 2000-11-28 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Downhole screen and method of manufacture |
| US20030116324A1 (en) * | 2001-12-20 | 2003-06-26 | Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company | Installation of evacuated tubular conduits |
| CN2886053Y (en) * | 2006-01-24 | 2007-04-04 | 石凤岐 | Going-into-well resistance absorber for horizontal well casing |
| CN1994812A (en) * | 2006-12-21 | 2007-07-11 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 | Float type marine device capable of shielding from typhoon and other natural disasters |
| CN200968198Y (en) * | 2006-11-14 | 2007-10-31 | 刘莉 | Telescopic compression sealing grouting device |
| JP2007285317A (en) * | 2006-04-12 | 2007-11-01 | Sekisui Chem Co Ltd | Tube |
| CN101649928A (en) * | 2009-06-17 | 2010-02-17 | 钟爱民 | Method for installing pipelines assisted by air bags |
| CN101782180A (en) * | 2010-01-30 | 2010-07-21 | 徐国栋 | Pipeline for transporting materials by fluid force and preparation method thereof |
| CN201567960U (en) * | 2009-12-16 | 2010-09-01 | 中国石油集团渤海钻探工程有限公司 | Floating casing pipe installing pipe series |
| CN101994880A (en) * | 2009-08-06 | 2011-03-30 | Tpr非柏得两合公司 | Double-layer pipe |
| CN202132618U (en) * | 2011-07-21 | 2012-02-01 | 沈家同 | Floating pipe filled with hard foams |
| US20140000906A1 (en) * | 2012-06-28 | 2014-01-02 | Scott Earl Williamson | Liner flotation system |
| CN102650203B (en) * | 2012-05-17 | 2015-05-27 | 安徽省煤田地质局第一勘探队 | Buoyant valve and self-balancing arrangement method for valve-contained operation sleeve for gas pumping hole |
| CN105888574A (en) * | 2016-05-27 | 2016-08-24 | 成都北方石油勘探开发技术有限公司 | Well completion pipe string |
| CN205605185U (en) * | 2015-12-31 | 2016-09-28 | 山东科瑞石油工程技术研究院 | Novel accuse water sieve pipe |
| CN106184658A (en) * | 2016-08-25 | 2016-12-07 | 惠州市大隆科技有限公司 | Cylindrical shape floating components |
| US20170191352A1 (en) * | 2014-06-04 | 2017-07-06 | Absolute Completion Technologies Ltd. | Apparatus and methods for treating a wellbore screen |
| CN106969199A (en) * | 2017-06-05 | 2017-07-21 | 恒润集团有限公司 | The installation method of submarine pipeline airbag apparatus and submarine pipeline |
| CN206860107U (en) * | 2017-07-07 | 2018-01-09 | 天津华利保温建材有限公司 | A kind of buoyant module being installed on outside marine riser post |
| CN207438017U (en) * | 2017-06-30 | 2018-06-01 | 中国舰船研究设计中心 | A kind of gasbag-type seawaterline silencer |
| CN108644475A (en) * | 2018-05-08 | 2018-10-12 | 胡振强 | Wind and wave resistance dredging pipe |
-
2018
- 2018-11-26 CN CN201811416014.6A patent/CN109611060B/en active Active
Patent Citations (24)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4231312A (en) * | 1978-08-21 | 1980-11-04 | Global Marine, Inc. | Flexible ocean upwelling pipe |
| JPH09126353A (en) * | 1995-10-30 | 1997-05-13 | Nippon Steel Corp | Method for laying pipe under ground in arc-shape by utilizing buoyancy |
| CA2309489A1 (en) * | 1999-05-28 | 2000-11-28 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Downhole screen and method of manufacture |
| CN2375839Y (en) * | 1999-06-09 | 2000-04-26 | 赵万荣 | Pressure anti-leak variable buoyancy oil delivery floating pipe |
| US20030116324A1 (en) * | 2001-12-20 | 2003-06-26 | Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company | Installation of evacuated tubular conduits |
| CN2886053Y (en) * | 2006-01-24 | 2007-04-04 | 石凤岐 | Going-into-well resistance absorber for horizontal well casing |
| JP2007285317A (en) * | 2006-04-12 | 2007-11-01 | Sekisui Chem Co Ltd | Tube |
| CN200968198Y (en) * | 2006-11-14 | 2007-10-31 | 刘莉 | Telescopic compression sealing grouting device |
| CN1994812A (en) * | 2006-12-21 | 2007-07-11 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 | Float type marine device capable of shielding from typhoon and other natural disasters |
| CN101649928A (en) * | 2009-06-17 | 2010-02-17 | 钟爱民 | Method for installing pipelines assisted by air bags |
| CN101994880A (en) * | 2009-08-06 | 2011-03-30 | Tpr非柏得两合公司 | Double-layer pipe |
| CN201567960U (en) * | 2009-12-16 | 2010-09-01 | 中国石油集团渤海钻探工程有限公司 | Floating casing pipe installing pipe series |
| CN101782180A (en) * | 2010-01-30 | 2010-07-21 | 徐国栋 | Pipeline for transporting materials by fluid force and preparation method thereof |
| CN202132618U (en) * | 2011-07-21 | 2012-02-01 | 沈家同 | Floating pipe filled with hard foams |
| CN102650203B (en) * | 2012-05-17 | 2015-05-27 | 安徽省煤田地质局第一勘探队 | Buoyant valve and self-balancing arrangement method for valve-contained operation sleeve for gas pumping hole |
| US20140000906A1 (en) * | 2012-06-28 | 2014-01-02 | Scott Earl Williamson | Liner flotation system |
| US20170191352A1 (en) * | 2014-06-04 | 2017-07-06 | Absolute Completion Technologies Ltd. | Apparatus and methods for treating a wellbore screen |
| CN205605185U (en) * | 2015-12-31 | 2016-09-28 | 山东科瑞石油工程技术研究院 | Novel accuse water sieve pipe |
| CN105888574A (en) * | 2016-05-27 | 2016-08-24 | 成都北方石油勘探开发技术有限公司 | Well completion pipe string |
| CN106184658A (en) * | 2016-08-25 | 2016-12-07 | 惠州市大隆科技有限公司 | Cylindrical shape floating components |
| CN106969199A (en) * | 2017-06-05 | 2017-07-21 | 恒润集团有限公司 | The installation method of submarine pipeline airbag apparatus and submarine pipeline |
| CN207438017U (en) * | 2017-06-30 | 2018-06-01 | 中国舰船研究设计中心 | A kind of gasbag-type seawaterline silencer |
| CN206860107U (en) * | 2017-07-07 | 2018-01-09 | 天津华利保温建材有限公司 | A kind of buoyant module being installed on outside marine riser post |
| CN108644475A (en) * | 2018-05-08 | 2018-10-12 | 胡振强 | Wind and wave resistance dredging pipe |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| EDDIE G. BOWEN: ""Providing Floating Capabilities in Latest-Generation Sand Screens"", 《SPE/PS/CH0A 117615》 * |
| 刘晓坡,廖前华,董建安: "漂浮接箍下套管技术在大位移井BZ34-1-D8h中的应用", 《石化技术》 * |
| 张恒,李春福,徐学军,杨文领,张立娜: "水平井割缝筛管下入强度研究", 《石油机械》 * |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110374530A (en) * | 2019-07-16 | 2019-10-25 | 中国石油集团川庆钻探工程有限公司长庆井下技术作业公司 | A method of increasing tubing string depth of setting by changing tube fluid density |
| CN110439478A (en) * | 2019-07-18 | 2019-11-12 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Inner layer sleeve is the pipe in pipe casing being threadedly coupled and its assembly method |
| CN111021972A (en) * | 2020-01-16 | 2020-04-17 | 吕梁学院 | This clear coal device of coal seam gas drainage drilling hole collapse pressure wind formula |
| EP4345245A1 (en) * | 2022-09-27 | 2024-04-03 | Akademia Gorniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanislawa Staszica w Krakowie | A method for installation of modular groundwater filter in a borehole and a groundwater filter module |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN109611060B (en) | 2021-03-02 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN109611060A (en) | A kind of floating screen casing | |
| CN104481541B (en) | One-inclined multi-vertical cascaded well group salt mine mining method | |
| CN204457595U (en) | Oil-pipe bridge plug | |
| CN110185412A (en) | Underground device for plugging | |
| CN204357368U (en) | Casing float collar | |
| CN101440702B (en) | Sieve tube well completion method under insufficient balance condition and temporary blocking type sieve tube | |
| CN206608137U (en) | A kind of sieve tube completion horizontal well thermal production chemical packer | |
| CN105822304A (en) | Directional hydraulic power grooving remote control method for gob-side entry top cutting and pressure discharging | |
| CN103670323B (en) | Leakiness stratum completion system | |
| CN203572747U (en) | Hydraulic-pressure-type high-pressure pressurized water tester with double plugs | |
| CN105020533B (en) | Sealing device for fibrous composite pipe hydraulic bursting test | |
| US20150083388A1 (en) | Steam-impulse pressure generator for the treatment of oil wells | |
| CN203337033U (en) | Shock absorption blasting device in slotted hole of diaphragm wall | |
| CN107882543A (en) | A kind of horizontal well horizontal-jet fracturing device | |
| CN203008808U (en) | Casing centralizer with variable diameter and rotational flow function | |
| CN105275422A (en) | Thermal recovery casing head | |
| CN103470241A (en) | Dual-cluster hydraulic jet tubular column and dual-cluster hydraulic jet annulus fracturing method | |
| CN211715095U (en) | Ceramic rupture disc device for temporary well plugging of well completion pipe string | |
| CN205135415U (en) | Head is distinguished to water | |
| US20180230759A1 (en) | Shock mitigation devices | |
| CN203008851U (en) | Cementing rotary flow short casing | |
| CN207743638U (en) | A kind of wellhead cable protective device | |
| CN107013185A (en) | A kind of NEW TYPE OF COMPOSITE bridging plug | |
| CN107269228A (en) | The complete safe completion tubular column of well section prestressing force of horizontal well thermal recovery and method | |
| CN207795102U (en) | A kind of two-tube well-washing device side by side |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |