CN109610172A - 一种具有静电负载特性的纱线及织物 - Google Patents
一种具有静电负载特性的纱线及织物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于纺织面料领域,提供了一种具有静电负载特性的纱线及织物。所述的具有静电负载特性的纱线包括纱线基底和包覆于纱线基底表面的多层膜结构,所述多层膜结构包括导电层和介电层中的至少一种。由该种纱线制备的织物可实现稳定均匀的高压静电负载,并在经受成型、安装、使用和清理等环节后依然保持持久的负载效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及纺织面料领域,尤其涉及一种具有静电负载特性的纱线和织物材料。
背景技术
织物结构材料具有诸多优异特性,如在保持较高力学性能的同时兼具柔性、透气性,应用于器件开发时体现较优的随形性,因此随着技术的发展,纺织结构材料开始逐渐替代原有块状材料、膜状材料、海绵状多孔材料,在各个工业技术领域发挥越来越无法替代的作用。静电承载材料在众多领域中有着广泛应用,如电子电工、军事军工、航空航天、医药以及日常生活中防静电纺织品、电磁屏蔽纺织品以及智能穿戴纺织品等。具有静电承载功能的材料因此得到快速发展,但传统静电承载材料多为刚度大脆性高、不耐弯折的无机、金属或陶瓷材料或复合材料,具有静电承载功能的柔性纺织结构材料的开发依然有限。
所以在纱线表面增加储电层可以提高导电织物的承载静电的能力,结合层可以提高纱线层间结合力不易脱落剥离同时提高抗弯折性和拉伸性能,耐磨层使纱线织物耐摩擦腐蚀,以及抗水洗能力大幅提高,增强使用性能。目前面临的主要问题是涂层脆性大易脱落、静电承载方面的研究有限,静电承载量有限。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于,提供一种具有静电负载特性的纱线和织物材料,以满足目前静电承载功能材料的柔性化、织物化的需求。
为了达到上述目的,本发明提供了一种具有静电负载特性的纱线,其特征在于,包括纱线基底和包覆于纱线基底表面的多层膜结构,所述多层膜结构包括导电层和介电层中的至少一种。
优选地,所述的导电层与纱线基底之间或导电层与介电层之间设有结合层。
优选地,所述的介电层与纱线基底之间或介电层与导电层之间设有结合层。
优选地,所述的多层膜结构还包括储电层和保护层中的至少一种;保护层与导电层或介电层之间设有结合层,或储电层与导电层或介电层之间设有结合层。
优选地,所述的多层膜结构包含由内至外依次设置于纱线基底表面的结合层Ⅰ、导电层、结合层Ⅱ、介电层、结合层Ⅲ以及保护层中的所有层或其中的至少两层。
优选地,所述的多层膜结构包含由内至外依次设置于纱线基底表面的结合层Ⅰ与导电层。
优选地,所述纱线基底和表面的多层膜结构为一体式结构。
优选地,所述多层膜结构厚度为2~20nm。
优选地,所述的纱线基底为单丝、复丝、单纱、加捻短纤纱、变形纱以及包芯纱其中的一种。
优选地,所述结合层Ⅰ作用为加固导电层与底层材料,底层材料可为纱线基底或介电层。
优选地,所述导电层作用为电荷传导,材料为金属导电材料、无机非金属导电材料以及导电高分子材料其中的至少一种。
优选地,所述结合层Ⅱ作用为加固介电层与底层材料,底层材料可为纱线基底或导体层。
优选地,所述介电层作用为储存电荷,材料为玻璃陶瓷储能介电材料、聚合物储能介电材料、反铁电储能介质材料、弛豫铁电储能介电材料以及导体聚合物复合储能介电材料其中的至少一种。
优选地,所述结合层Ⅲ作用为加固保护层与底层材料,底层材料可为导电层或介电层。
优选地,所述保护层是为织物内层结构提供如耐磨、抗腐蚀、抗氧化等保护作用,材料为聚合物基耐磨涂层、惰性聚合物基抗腐蚀抗氧化材料、无机陶瓷纳米材料涂层及陶瓷复合材料涂层其中的至少一种。
一种采用上述具有静电负载特性纱线制备的织物,其特征在于,含有上述的具有静电负载特性的纱线。
优选地,所述织物材料为2D机织平纹、斜纹、缎纹、大提花结构、经编针织结构或纬编针织结构,或2.5D或3D机织、经编或纬编针织结构。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
1.本发明所开发的具有静电承载功能的纱线制备的织物可实现稳定均匀的高压静电负载,并在经受成型、安装、使用和清理等环节后依然保持持久的负载效果。
2.本发明所开发的具有静电承载功能的材料具有纺织结构,因此具有了纺织材料所有的柔性和结构多样性;
3.在织物基体的结构上以复合较薄多层结构,同时实现对静电荷的传导、储存,对织物膜结构的保护,赋予内层纤维基体耐磨、耐腐蚀、耐水洗、抗氧化的功能;
4.多层膜结构厚度仅为2~20nm,依然保持纱线和织物结构的柔性和透气性;
5.结合层结构提高了复合牢度,同时提高了纱线的抗弯折和拉伸性能。
附图说明
图1为本发明的实施例1的结构示意图;
图2为图1中A处放大图。
具体实施方式
对于本领域技术人员而言,显然本发明不限于上述示范性实施例的细节,而且在不背离本发明的精神或基本特征的情况下,能够以其他的具体形式实现本发明。因此,无论从哪一点来看,均应将实施例看作是示范性的,而且是非限制性的,本发明的范围由所附权利要求而不是上述说明限定,因此旨在将落在权利要求的等同要件的含义和范围内的所有变化囊括在本发明内。不应将权利要求中的任何附图标记视为限制所涉及的权利要求。
实施例1
本实施例提供了一种具有静电负载特性纱线制备的织物,具体结构为平纹结构的棉纤维织物,经密为110根/10cm,纬密为90根/10cm,由40s的中性捻度单纱构成,成分为纯功能化棉纤维,棉纱线为基底,表面设有多层膜结构,如图1和图2所示,包括棉纱线基底层1和包覆于棉纱线基底层1表面的多层膜结构8,所述多层膜结构8由从内到外依次设置的聚多巴胺载体膜结合层Ⅰ2、金属铜导电层3、聚多巴胺载体膜结合层Ⅱ4、聚吡咯介电层5、聚多巴胺载体膜结合层Ⅲ6、聚酰胺树脂保护层7组成。
所述棉纱线基底层和表面的多层膜结构为一体式结构。多层膜结构厚度为14nm,所述聚多巴胺载体膜结合层Ⅰ作用为加固导电层与纱线基底;所述导电层作用为电荷传导;所述聚多巴胺载体膜结合层Ⅰ作用为加固介电层与导电层;所述介电层作用为储存电荷;所述聚多巴胺载体膜结合层Ⅲ作用为加固保护层与介电层;所述保护层是为织物内层结构提供保护作用。通过全自动剑杆小样织机制成平纹结构的涤纶纤维织物,经密550根/10cm,纬密根400/10cm的织物,经测试该织物摩擦电位为12kV、摩擦荷电电荷密度是16μC/m2,半衰期为92s,具有良好的静电承载能力,电荷不易消散,经200次洗涤后,数据没有明显变化。
实施例2
本实施例提供了一种具有静电负载特性纱线制备的织物,具体结构为经编结构的涤纶纤维织物,经密150根/10cm,纬密130根/10cm,成分为纯功能化涤纶纤维,涤纶纱线为基底,设有多层膜结构,包括涤纶纱线基底和包覆于涤纶纱线基底表面的多层膜结构,所述多层膜结构由由内到外依次设置的环氧结合层Ⅰ(环氧树脂:惠柏新材料科技,ML-5417A;固化剂:惠柏新材料科技,ML-5417B;环氧树脂与固化剂配比:10:3)、碳纳米管导电层、环氧结合层Ⅱ(环氧树脂:惠柏新材料科技,ML-5417A;固化剂:惠柏新材料科技,ML-5417B;环氧树脂与固化剂配比:10:3)、Ni-ZrO2金属基陶瓷储电层兼保护层组成,Ni-ZrO2金属基陶瓷材料既可以起到储电作用也同时兼顾耐磨耐腐蚀作用,降低织物厚底又减少工艺步骤方便生产。
所述涤纶纱线基底和表面的多层膜结构为一体式结构。多层膜结构厚度为20nm,所述环氧结合层Ⅰ作用为加固导电层与纱线基底;所述导电层作用为电荷传导;所述环氧结合层Ⅱ作用为加固Ni-ZrO2金属基陶瓷储电层兼保护层与导电层;所述保护层是为织物内层结构提供保护作用。通过圆筒针织经编机制成经编结构的涤纶纤维织物,经密150根/10cm,纬密130根/10cm的织物,经测试该织物摩擦电位为8kV、摩擦荷电电荷密度是12μC/m2,半衰期为60s,具有良好的静电承载能力,电荷不易消散,经200次洗涤后,数据没有明显变化。
Claims (10)
1.一种具有静电负载特性的纱线,其特征在于,包括纱线基底和包覆于纱线基底表面的多层膜结构,所述多层膜结构包括导电层和介电层中的至少一种。
2.如权利要求1所述的具有静电负载特性的纱线,其特征在于,所述的导电层与纱线基底之间或导电层与介电层之间设有结合层。
3.如权利要求1所述的具有静电负载特性的纱线,其特征在于,所述的介电层与纱线基底之间或介电层与导电层之间设有结合层。
4.如权利要求1所述的具有静电负载特性的纱线,其特征在于,所述的多层膜结构还包括储电层和保护层中的至少一种;保护层与导电层或介电层之间设有结合层,或储电层与导电层或介电层之间设有结合层。
5.如权利要求1所述的具有静电负载特性的纱线,其特征在于,所述的多层膜结构包含由内至外依次设置于纱线基底表面的结合层Ⅰ、导电层、结合层Ⅱ、介电层、结合层Ⅲ以及保护层中的所有层或其中的至少两层。
6.如权利要求5所述的具有静电负载特性的纱线,其特征在于,所述的纱线基底为单丝、复丝、单纱、加捻短纤纱、变形纱或包芯纱;所述结合层Ⅰ作用为加固导电层与底层材料,底层材料为纱线基底或介电层;所述导电层作用为电荷传导,材料为金属导电材料、无机非金属导电材料以及导电高分子材料其中的至少一种;所述结合层Ⅱ作用为加固介电层与底层材料,底层材料为纱线基底或导电层;所述介电层作用为储存电荷,材料为玻璃陶瓷储能介电材料、聚合物储能介电材料、反铁电储能介质材料、弛豫铁电储能介电材料以及导体聚合物复合储能介电材料其中的至少一种;所述结合层Ⅲ作用为加固保护层与底层材料,底层材料可为导电层或介电层;所述保护层是为织物内层结构提供保护作用,材料为聚合物基耐磨涂层、惰性聚合物基抗腐蚀抗氧化材料、无机陶瓷纳米材料涂层及陶瓷复合材料涂层其中的至少一种。
7.如权利要求1所述的具有静电负载特性的纱线,其特征在于,所述的多层膜结构包含由内至外依次设置于纱线基底表面的结合层Ⅰ与导电层。
8.如权利要求1所述的具有静电负载特性的纱线,其特征在于,所述纱线基底和表面的多层膜结构为一体式结构,所述多层膜结构厚度为2~20nm。
9.一种具有静电负载特性的织物材料,其特征在于,含有权利要求1-8中任一项所述的具有静电负载特性的纱线。
10.如权利要求9所述的具有静电负载特性的织物材料,其特征在于,所述织物材料为2D机织平纹、斜纹、缎纹、大提花结构、经编针织结构或纬编针织结构,或2.5D或3D机织、经编或纬编针织结构。
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