CN109609969A - A kind of room temperature ash disposal degreasing agent and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of room temperature ash disposal degreasing agent and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109609969A CN109609969A CN201811616927.2A CN201811616927A CN109609969A CN 109609969 A CN109609969 A CN 109609969A CN 201811616927 A CN201811616927 A CN 201811616927A CN 109609969 A CN109609969 A CN 109609969A
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- ash disposal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G5/00—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents
- C23G5/06—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents using emulsions
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of room temperature ash disposal degreasing agents and preparation method thereof, by the gross mass of the ash disposal degreasing agent be 100% based on, the raw material comprising following mass percent: oxidant 10~15%, bleeding agent 3~6%, emulsifier 2~4%, chelating agent 0.5~1% and surplus water.The present invention is combined using oxidant, bleeding agent, emulsifier and chelating agent etc., and obtained ash disposal degreasing agent, which does not need heating, to be used, and does not have without heavy metal and acid mist evolution;It not will cause Hydrogen Brittleness Phenomena and excessive erosion phenomenon to equipment and workpiece;In addition, ash disposal degreasing agent of the invention does not pollute the environment and water source, ash disposal degreasing mode is simple, and can be not only used for ash disposal also has the function of good degreasing.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to metal conditioner technical field, in particular to a kind of room temperature ash disposal degreasing agent and its
Preparation method.
Background technique
Steel coating and plating require to carry out ash disposal before in industrial cleaning and degreasing just can be carried out subsequent process,
And it is carbon containing relatively high in steel, such as high-carbon steel, the pig iron and some surfaces of cold-reduced sheet contain a large amount of grease and grey black, at present
Industrial ash disposal and degreasing generally have chemical method and Mechanical Method.
Chemical method: industry with the most use is that hydrochloric acid carries out ash disposal.
Mechanical Method: being polished using electromechanical equipment, carries out subsequent processing after polishing again.
However, process for deashing used at present has the following disadvantages:
1, hydrochloric acid is a kind of strong acid, has pungent nature and flavor road, the hydrogen ion corrosion equipment and workpiece of strong acid, and it is existing to generate hydrogen embrittlement
As the discharge of cleaning solution will also result in environmental pollution after ash disposal degreasing.
2, metal cleaner generally uses temperature high in the market, and heating needs to consume a large amount of energy consumption, waste of resource.
3, mechanical ashing large labor intensity, time-consuming, low efficiency, and ash disposal degreasing effect is poor, with the presence of dead angle (equipment processing
Less than corner), generate noise, dust pollution weight.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, a kind of room temperature ash disposal degreasing agent provided by the invention and preparation method thereof, preferably overcomes above-mentioned
Problem and defect of the existing technology, the present invention are combined using oxidant, bleeding agent, emulsifier and chelating agent etc., are obtained
Ash disposal degreasing agent without solvent, without heavy metal and do not have acid mist evolution;It is existing that it not will cause hydrogen embrittlement to equipment and workpiece
As with excessive erosion phenomenon;In addition, ash disposal degreasing agent of the invention can be recycled, do not pollute the environment and water source, and room temperature is just
It uses;Ash disposal degreasing mode is simple, and immersion can wherein reach ash disposal degreasing effect;Ash disposal degreasing agent of the invention not only may be used
Also to have the function of good degreasing for ash disposal.
A kind of room temperature ash disposal degreasing agent is based on 100% by the gross mass of the ash disposal degreasing agent, includes following quality percentage
The raw material of ratio: oxidant 5~10%, bleeding agent 4~7%, emulsifier 1~3%, chelating agent 0.5~1% and surplus water.
Further, the oxidant is one of SODIUM PERCARBONATE, sodium perborate and potassium perborate or a variety of.
Further, the bleeding agent is perfluorinated nonene oxygroup benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt, N-hydroxyethyl-ethylenediamine triacetic acid, tridecane
One or both of -10 phosphate of alcohol polyethers.
Further, the emulsifier is ethoxylated castor oil or Dodecyl Polyglucosides.
Further, the chelating agent is N-hydroxyethyl-ethylenediamine triacetic acid or sodium ethylenediamine tetramethylenephosphonate.
Further, the water is deionized water.
The present invention also provides a kind of preparation method of room temperature ash disposal degreasing agent, the room temperature ash disposal degreasing agent is above-mentioned
Room temperature ash disposal degreasing agent, the preparation method comprises the following steps:
Oxidant, bleeding agent, emulsifier, chelating agent and water are uniformly mixed.
Further, the preparation method includes: and is first uniformly mixed oxidant and bleeding agent, then sequentially adds
Emulsifier and chelating agent, finally plus water is mixed evenly.
Further, the mixing speed is 50~100r/min.
Compared with prior art, a kind of beneficial effect of room temperature ash disposal degreasing agent of the invention and preparation method thereof is:
The present invention is combined using oxidant, bleeding agent, emulsifier and chelating agent etc., and obtained ash disposal degreasing agent is phosphorous, no
Acid mist evolution is not had containing heavy metal and;It not will cause Hydrogen Brittleness Phenomena and excessive erosion phenomenon to equipment and workpiece;In addition, this hair
Bright ash disposal degreasing agent does not pollute the environment and water source, and room temperature can use;Ash disposal mode is simple, and immersion can wherein reach
To dedusting effect;Ash disposal degreasing agent of the invention, which can be not only used for ash disposal also, has the function of good degreasing.
To enable the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention to be clearer and more comprehensible, preferred embodiment is cited below particularly, makees detailed
It is described as follows.
Specific embodiment
To facilitate the understanding of the present invention, it elaborates below with reference to the mode of embodiment to technical solution of the present invention,
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention.
But the invention can be embodied in many other ways as described herein, those skilled in the art can be with
Similar improvement is done without violating the connotation of the present invention, therefore the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
Unless otherwise defined, all technologies used herein and scientific term have and the common skill of fields of the present invention
The normally understood identical meaning of art personnel.When there is a conflict, the definition in this specification shall prevail.
Term as used herein:
Term "comprising" used herein, " comprising ", " having ", " containing " or its any other deformation, it is intended that cover non-row
Its property includes.For example, composition, step, method, product or device comprising listed elements are not necessarily limited to those elements,
But may include not expressly listed other elements or such composition, step, method, product or device intrinsic want
Element.
Conjunction " by ... form " exclude any element that do not point out, step or component.If in claim,
This phrase will make claim closed, so that it is not included the material in addition to the material of those descriptions, but relative
Except customary impurities.When phrase " by ... form " be rather than immediately following theme in the clause that appears in claim main body after
When, only it is limited to element described in the clause;Other elements be not excluded the claim as a whole it
Outside.
Equivalent, concentration or other values or parameter are excellent with range, preferred scope or a series of upper limit preferred values and lower limit
When the Range Representation that choosing value limits, this should be understood as specifically disclosing by any range limit or preferred value and any range
Any pairing of lower limit or preferred value is formed by all ranges, regardless of whether the range separately discloses.For example, when open
When range " 1~5 ", described range should be interpreted as including range " 1~4 ", " 1~3 ", " 1~2 ", " 1~2 and 4~
5 ", " 1~3 and 5 " etc..When numberical range is described herein, unless otherwise stated, otherwise the range is intended to include its end
Value and all integers and score in the range.
"and/or" is used to indicate that one of illustrated situation or both may to occur, for example, A and/or B includes (A
And B) and (A or B).
A kind of room temperature ash disposal degreasing agent is based on 100% by the gross mass of the ash disposal degreasing agent, includes following quality percentage
The raw material of ratio:
Oxidant 5~10% such as 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9% or 10%;
Bleeding agent 4~7% such as 4%, 4.5%, 5%, 5.5%, 6%, 6.5% or 7%;
Emulsifier 1~3% such as 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5% or 3%;
Chelating agent 0.5~1% such as 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9% or 1%;
With the water of surplus.
Preferably, the oxidant is the one or more of SODIUM PERCARBONATE, sodium perborate and potassium perborate.
Preferably, the bleeding agent is one of perfluorinated nonene oxygroup benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt, -10 phosphate of trideceth
Or two kinds
Preferably, the emulsifier is ethoxylated castor oil or Dodecyl Polyglucosides.
Preferably, the chelating agent is N-hydroxyethyl-ethylenediamine triacetic acid or sodium ethylenediamine tetramethylenephosphonate.
Preferably, the water is deionized water.
The present invention also provides a kind of preparation method of room temperature ash disposal degreasing agent, the room temperature ash disposal degreasing agent is above-mentioned
Room temperature ash disposal degreasing agent, the preparation method comprises the following steps:
Oxidant, bleeding agent, emulsifier, chelating agent and water are uniformly mixed.
Preferably, the preparation method includes: and is first uniformly mixed oxidant and bleeding agent, then sequentially adds cream
Agent and chelating agent, finally plus water is mixed evenly.
Preferably, the mixing speed be 50~100r/min such as 50r/min, 60r/min, 70r/min, 80r/min,
90r/min or 100r/min etc..
To facilitate the understanding of the present invention, below with reference to embodiment to further illustrate the technical scheme of the present invention.Applicant
Statement, the present invention are illustrated by the following examples detailed process equipment and process flow of the invention, but the present invention not office
It is limited to following detailed process equipments and process flow, that is, does not mean that the present invention should rely on above-mentioned detailed process equipment and technique stream
Cheng Caineng is implemented.It should be clear to those skilled in the art, any improvement in the present invention, to each original of product of the present invention
The equivalence replacement of material and addition, the selection of concrete mode of auxiliary element etc. all fall within protection scope of the present invention and open model
Within enclosing.
Embodiment 1
A kind of room temperature ash disposal degreasing agent is to include following mass percent based on 100% by the gross mass of the ash disposal degreasing agent
Raw material: 5% SODIUM PERCARBONATE, 7% perfluorinated nonene oxygroup benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt, 1% ethoxylated castor oil, 1% N-hydroxyethyl-ethylenediamine, three second
The water of acid and surplus.
The preparation method of the room temperature ash disposal degreasing agent includes:
(1) each raw material is weighed by above-mentioned mass percent.
(2) in the case where revolving speed is the mixing speed of 50r/min, SODIUM PERCARBONATE and perfluorinated nonene oxygroup are first added into reaction kettle
Benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt stirs 10 minutes;Then ethoxylated castor oil is added, chelating agent N- ethoxy second two is added in stirring after five minutes
Amine triacetic acid, after 3 minutes plus the deionized water of surplus is uniformly mixed.
Embodiment 2
A kind of room temperature ash disposal degreasing agent is to include following mass percent based on 100% by the gross mass of the ash disposal degreasing agent
Raw material: 7% SODIUM PERCARBONATE, 5.5% perfluorinated nonene oxygroup benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt, 2% ethoxylated castor oil, 0.8%N- hydroxyethyl ethylenediamine
The water of triacetic acid and surplus.
The preparation method of the room temperature ash disposal degreasing agent includes:
(1) each raw material is weighed by above-mentioned mass percent.
(2) in the case where revolving speed is the mixing speed of 80r/min, SODIUM PERCARBONATE and perfluorinated nonene oxygroup are first added into reaction kettle
Benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt stirs 10 minutes;Then ethoxylated castor oil is added, chelating agent N- ethoxy second two is added after stirring 3 minutes
Amine triacetic acid, after 4 minutes plus the deionized water of surplus is uniformly mixed.
Embodiment 3
A kind of room temperature ash disposal degreasing agent is to include following mass percent based on 100% by the gross mass of the ash disposal degreasing agent
Raw material: 10% SODIUM PERCARBONATE, 4% perfluorinated nonene oxygroup benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt, 3% ethoxylated castor oil, 0.5% N-hydroxyethyl-ethylenediamine
The water of triacetic acid and surplus.
The preparation method of the room temperature ash disposal degreasing agent includes:
(1) each raw material is weighed by above-mentioned mass percent.
(2) in the case where revolving speed is the mixing speed of 100r/min, SODIUM PERCARBONATE and perfluorinated nonene oxygen are first added into reaction kettle
Base benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt stirs 10 minutes;Then ethoxylated castor oil is added, chelating agent N- ethoxy second is added after stirring 3 minutes
Ethylenediamine triacetic acid, after five minutes plus the deionized water of surplus is uniformly mixed.
Embodiment 4
A kind of room temperature ash disposal degreasing agent is to include following mass percent based on 100% by the gross mass of the ash disposal degreasing agent
Raw material: 6% sodium perborate, -10 phosphate of 6% trideceth, 1.5% Dodecyl Polyglucosides, 0.9% ethylenediamine tetramethylene
The water of Alendronate and surplus.
The preparation method of the room temperature ash disposal degreasing agent includes:
(1) each raw material is weighed by above-mentioned mass percent.
(2) in the case where revolving speed is the mixing speed of 60r/min, sodium perborate is first added into reaction kettle and tridecanol is poly-
- 10 phosphate of ether stirs 10 minutes;Then Dodecyl Polyglucosides are added, it is sub- that chelating agent ethylenediamine tetraacetic is added after stirring 3 minutes
Methylphosphonic acid sodium, after 3 minutes plus the deionized water of surplus is uniformly mixed.
Embodiment 5
A kind of room temperature ash disposal degreasing agent is to include following mass percent based on 100% by the gross mass of the ash disposal degreasing agent
Raw material: 8% sodium perborate, -10 phosphate of 5% trideceth, 2.5% Dodecyl Polyglucosides, 0.7% ethylenediamine tetramethylene
The water of Alendronate and surplus.
The preparation method of the room temperature ash disposal degreasing agent includes:
(1) each raw material is weighed by above-mentioned mass percent.
(2) in the case where revolving speed is the mixing speed of 70r/min, sodium perborate is first added into reaction kettle and tridecanol is poly-
- 10 phosphate of ether stirs 10 minutes;Then Dodecyl Polyglucosides are added, it is sub- that chelating agent ethylenediamine tetraacetic is added after stirring 4 minutes
Methylphosphonic acid sodium, after five minutes plus the deionized water of surplus is uniformly mixed.
Embodiment 6
A kind of room temperature ash disposal degreasing agent is to include following mass percent based on 100% by the gross mass of the ash disposal degreasing agent
Raw material: 9% sodium perborate, -10 phosphate of 4.5% trideceth, 3% Dodecyl Polyglucosides, 0.6% ethylenediamine tetramethylene
The water of Alendronate and surplus.
The preparation method of the room temperature ash disposal degreasing agent includes:
(1) each raw material is weighed by above-mentioned mass percent.
(2) in the case where revolving speed is the mixing speed of 90r/min, sodium perborate is first added into reaction kettle and tridecanol is poly-
- 10 phosphate of ether stirs 10 minutes;Then Dodecyl Polyglucosides are added, it is sub- that bleeding agent ethylenediamine tetraacetic is added in stirring after five minutes
Methylphosphonic acid sodium, after five minutes plus the deionized water of surplus is uniformly mixed.
Comparative example 1
A kind of environmental protection ash disposal degreasing agent is to include following mass percent based on 100% by the gross mass of the ash disposal degreasing agent
Raw material: 7% SODIUM PERCARBONATE, 5.5% perfluorinated nonene oxygroup benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt, 0.8%N- hydroxyethylethylene diamine tri-acetic acid and surplus water.
The preparation method of the room temperature ash disposal degreasing agent includes:
(1) each raw material is weighed by above-mentioned mass percent.
(2) in the case where revolving speed is the mixing speed of 80r/min, SODIUM PERCARBONATE and perfluorinated nonene oxygroup are first added into reaction kettle
Benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt stirs 10 minutes;Then chelating agent N-hydroxyethyl-ethylenediamine triacetic acid is added, the deionization of surplus is added after 4 minutes
Water is uniformly mixed.
Comparative example 2
A kind of environmental protection ash disposal degreasing agent is to include following mass percent based on 100% by the gross mass of the ash disposal degreasing agent
Raw material: 7% SODIUM PERCARBONATE, 5.5% perfluorinated nonene oxygroup benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt, 2% ethoxylated castor oil and surplus water.
The preparation method of the room temperature ash disposal degreasing agent includes:
(1) each raw material is weighed by above-mentioned mass percent.
(2) in the case where revolving speed is the mixing speed of 80r/min, SODIUM PERCARBONATE and perfluorinated nonene oxygroup are first added into reaction kettle
Benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt stirs 10 minutes;Then ethoxylated castor oil is added, after 4 minutes plus the deionized water of surplus is uniformly mixed,
?.
Comparative example 3
A kind of environmental protection ash disposal degreasing agent is to include following mass percent based on 100% by the gross mass of the ash disposal degreasing agent
Raw material: 5.5% perfluorinated nonene oxygroup benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt, 2% ethoxylated castor oil, 0.8%N- hydroxyethylethylene diamine tri-acetic acid and surplus
Water.
The preparation method of the room temperature ash disposal degreasing agent includes:
(1) each raw material is weighed by above-mentioned mass percent.
(2) in the case where revolving speed is the mixing speed of 80r/min, SODIUM PERCARBONATE and perfluorinated nonene oxygroup are first added into reaction kettle
Benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt stirs 10 minutes;Then ethoxylated castor oil is added, after 4 minutes plus the deionized water of surplus is uniformly mixed,
?.
Comparative example 4
A kind of environmental protection ash disposal degreasing agent is to include following mass percent based on 100% by the gross mass of the ash disposal degreasing agent
Raw material: 7% SODIUM PERCARBONATE, 2% ethoxylated castor oil, 0.8%N- hydroxyethylethylene diamine tri-acetic acid and surplus water.
The preparation method of the room temperature ash disposal degreasing agent includes:
(1) each raw material is weighed by above-mentioned mass percent.
(2) in the case where revolving speed is the mixing speed of 80r/min, SODIUM PERCARBONATE and perfluorinated nonene oxygroup are first added into reaction kettle
Benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt stirs 10 minutes;Then ethoxylated castor oil is added, after 4 minutes plus the deionized water of surplus is uniformly mixed,
?.
The preparation method of the room temperature ash disposal degreasing agent includes:
(1) each raw material is weighed by above-mentioned mass percent.
(2) in the case where revolving speed is the mixing speed of 80r/min, SODIUM PERCARBONATE and perfluorinated nonene oxygroup are first added into reaction kettle
Benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt stirs 10 minutes;Then ethoxylated castor oil is added, chelating agent N- ethoxy second two is added after stirring 3 minutes
Amine triacetic acid, after 4 minutes plus the deionized water of surplus is uniformly mixed.
1, under room temperature, the iron and steel parts similarly to ash disposal and degreasing are placed in above-described embodiment 1~6 and comparative example respectively
Soaking and washing is carried out in the room temperature ash disposal degreasing agent of 1 preparation, and to ash disposal degreasing prepared by Examples 1 to 6 and comparative example 1~5
The clean rate and descaling rate (testing 30min under room temperature) of agent, rate of corrosion, testing result are as shown in table 1.
Wherein, rate and descaling rate are cleaned: being measured according to 25,148 2010 standard of GB/T.
Rate of corrosion: it is measured according to GB/T 25147-2010 standard.
Table 1
The room temperature ash disposal degreasing agent that it can be seen from upper table 1 prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 1~6 is prepared compared to comparative example 1~5
Ash disposal degreasing agent can reach better ash disposal and degreasing effect;
Iron and steel parts similarly to ash disposal and degreasing are placed in temperature respectively by the room temperature ash disposal degreasing agent for taking 5 parts of embodiments 2 to prepare
Degree is that can reach good to iron and steel parts in the room temperature ash disposal degreasing agent that 20 DEG C and 25 DEG C of embodiment 2 is prepared
Ash disposal and degreasing effect.
Similarly, by similarly to ash disposal and degreasing iron and steel parts be placed in temperature be 20 DEG C and 25 DEG C embodiment 1 and
In the room temperature ash disposal degreasing agent that embodiment 3~6 is prepared, iron and steel parts can also be reached with preferable ash disposal degreasing effect.
In conclusion the present invention is combined using oxidant, bleeding agent, emulsifier and chelating agent etc., obtained ash disposal is de-
Rouge agent, which does not need heating, to be used, and acid mist evolution is not had without heavy metal and;It not will cause hydrogen embrittlement to equipment and workpiece
Phenomenon and excessive erosion phenomenon;In addition, ash disposal degreasing agent of the invention does not pollute the environment and water source, ash disposal degreasing mode is simple,
Can be not only used for ash disposal also has the function of good degreasing
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to restrict the invention, and comes for those skilled in the art
It says, inventive formulation and preparation process can have various modifications and variations.All within the spirits and principles of the present invention, made
Any modification, equivalent substitution, improvement and etc. should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of room temperature ash disposal degreasing agent, it is characterised in that: by the gross mass of the ash disposal degreasing agent be based on 100%, comprising following
The raw material of mass percent: oxidant 10~15%, bleeding agent 3~6%, emulsifier 2~4%, chelating agent 0.5~1% and surplus
Water.
2. room temperature ash disposal degreasing agent according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the oxidant is SODIUM PERCARBONATE, crosses boron
One of sour sodium and potassium perborate are a variety of.
3. room temperature ash disposal degreasing agent according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the bleeding agent is imino-diacetic amber
One or both of acid, oxalic acid, -10 phosphate of trideceth and nitrilotriacetic acid.
4. room temperature ash disposal degreasing agent according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the emulsifier is ethoxylated castor oil
Or Dodecyl Polyglucosides.
5. room temperature ash disposal degreasing agent according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the chelating agent is N-hydroxyethyl-ethylenediamine
Triacetic acid or sodium ethylenediamine tetramethylenephosphonate.
6. room temperature ash disposal degreasing agent according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the water is deionized water.
7. a kind of preparation method of room temperature ash disposal degreasing agent, it is characterised in that: the room temperature ash disposal degreasing agent be claim 1~
7 described in any item room temperature ash disposal degreasing agents, the preparation method comprises the following steps:
Oxidant, bleeding agent, emulsifier, chelating agent and water are uniformly mixed, adjusted.
8. the preparation method of room temperature ash disposal degreasing agent according to claim 8, it is characterised in that: the preparation method packet
It includes: being first uniformly mixed oxidant and bleeding agent, then sequentially add emulsifier and chelating agent, finally plus water is mixed
Uniformly.
9. the preparation method of room temperature ash disposal degreasing agent according to claim 9, it is characterised in that: the stirring rate is 50
~100r/min.
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CN112342555A (en) * | 2020-10-19 | 2021-02-09 | 武汉科润表面新材料有限公司 | Efficient alkaline dispersion ash-removing degreasing agent |
CN114672812A (en) * | 2022-04-19 | 2022-06-28 | 沈阳永清环保科技有限公司 | Environment-friendly metal surface dust-removing finishing agent and preparation method thereof |
CN115613044A (en) * | 2022-09-28 | 2023-01-17 | 湖南金裕环保科技有限公司 | Cold-rolled steel plate oil and dust removing phosphorus-free degreasing agent, and preparation method and application thereof |
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