CN109602951A - 一种可注射的载药脊骨修复材料及其制备方法和使用方法 - Google Patents
一种可注射的载药脊骨修复材料及其制备方法和使用方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN109602951A CN109602951A CN201811453350.8A CN201811453350A CN109602951A CN 109602951 A CN109602951 A CN 109602951A CN 201811453350 A CN201811453350 A CN 201811453350A CN 109602951 A CN109602951 A CN 109602951A
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- bone
- phosphate
- inducing activity
- repair materials
- gel
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种可注射的载药脊骨修复材料及其制备方法和使用方法,属于骨修复医用材料领域,所述修复材料包括诱骨活性颗粒和凝胶,所述诱骨活性颗粒主要由生物玻璃晶须/磷酸盐晶体制成,所述诱骨活性颗粒负载有药物,所述磷酸盐晶体的原料包括羟基磷灰石和β‑磷酸三钙,所述凝胶为可逆温敏性干凝胶,所述凝胶主要由壳聚糖/甘油磷酸钠制成。该修复材料可注射于脊骨缺损处,创伤小,且可在促进愈合的过程中逐渐被吸收,并且生物相容性高,无毒无害。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及骨修复医用材料技术领域,尤其涉及一种可注射的载药脊骨修复材料及其制备方法和使用方法。
背景技术
脊柱修复是指应用各种方法和手段修复病变或椎体损坏,重建脊柱的连续性和完整性,最终保留和恢复脊柱功能的过程。脊柱受损的原因较多,例如先天性发育不良、外伤性损伤、肿瘤性破坏、感染性破坏、生理性退变等原因。脊柱受损的后果通常较严重,如出现脊柱畸形、负重能力下降、失稳、脊髓及脊神经受损等情况。脊柱裂也是一种常见的脊柱类疾病,是由于先天性的椎管闭合不全,在脊柱的背或腹侧形成裂口,可伴或不伴有脊膜、神经成分突出的畸形。临床上此种畸形十分多见,普查人口中占5-29%。单纯骨性裂痕者称之为隐性脊柱裂,较为常见;如同时伴有脊膜或脊髓膨出,则为显性脊柱裂,治疗相当困难。对于显性脊柱裂手术原则是,将后突的脊髓或神经根放归椎管,之后切除多余的硬膜囊及修补椎板缺损处,采用的方法通常是脊柱栓系的同时植骨进行骨修复。
目前,很多天然的合成的材料和组合物已被用于植骨治疗。自体松质骨长久以来一直被认为是最有效的骨修复材料,因为它同时具有骨诱导性和非免疫原性。然而由于其来源不足、术中失血增多及手术并发症等问题,限制了其在临床上的应用。同种异体骨和异种骨是目前最常用的骨修复材料,其临床适应症极为广泛,应用的范围可以包括几乎所有类别的骨植入材料的适应症,大量研究表明,同种异体骨移植的修复程度与移植骨大小有关,颗粒骨移植的临床成功应用效果及成功率均高于大的块状骨移植,这主要是因为颗粒骨比块状骨具有更佳的成骨效果。然而,单纯颗粒骨存在移植结构松散、不易成型的缺点,单独使用容易引发颗粒游走、移位、压迫神经等并发症,影响其骨修复能力和效果,在一定程度上也限制了颗粒骨的临床应用。
目前,硫酸钙作为可注射型骨修复材料已经得到了广泛的研究与临床应用。现代外科级硫酸钙提供了较高的初始强度和良好的注射操作性质。然而,单纯采用硫酸钙材料的孔径和孔隙率较小而不利于成骨细胞的迁入和血管生成,且其抗压强度低、脆性大,限制了其应用。另一种修复材料聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯,具有好的流动性和可塑性,但是其组成与天然骨差别较大,生物相容性差。此外,有文献报道,其降解产物对人体有害。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足,本发明的目的是提供一种可注射的载药脊骨修复材料及其制备方法和使用方法,该修复材料可注射于脊骨缺损处,创伤小,且可在促进愈合的过程中逐渐被吸收,并且生物相容性高,无毒无害。
本发明通过以下技术手段解决上述技术问题:
一种可注射的载药脊骨修复材料,所述修复材料包括诱骨活性颗粒和凝胶,所述诱骨活性颗粒主要由生物玻璃晶须/磷酸盐晶体制成,所述诱骨活性颗粒负载有药物,所述磷酸盐晶体的原料包括羟基磷灰石和β-磷酸三钙,所述凝胶为可逆温敏性干凝胶,所述凝胶主要由壳聚糖/甘油磷酸钠制成。
进一步,所述诱骨活性颗粒中,生物玻璃晶须与磷酸盐晶体的质量比为(0.1-0.3):1。
进一步,所述羟基磷灰石为直径为30nm、长为100nm、纯度≥98%的短棒状结构,所述β-磷酸三钙为粒径为15-25μm、纯度≥98%的颗粒物。
进一步,所述诱骨活性颗粒的载药量为5-30%,负载的药物选自万古霉素、克林霉素、四环素、庆大霉素、妥布霉素、头孢呋辛钠、头孢噻肟中的一种。
进一步,所述诱骨活性颗粒的制备步骤如下:
磷酸盐预处理:将羟基磷灰石、β-磷酸三钙与3-5wt%的乙酸混合搅拌10-15min,随后静置陈化30-40min,真空抽滤,将滤饼洗涤至中性,烘干后再次研磨分散,取分散后的磷酸盐、1-2wt%羟基柠檬酸溶液、磷脂酰乙醇胺放入真空搅拌器搅拌20min,加入5wt%乙醇溶液,搅拌均匀,真空浓缩;
生物玻璃晶须中间体制备:将四水硝酸钙、磷酸三乙酯按照质量比为3:1分散于无水乙醇中,于水浴加热至30℃、1h后,加入正硅酸乙脂,搅拌均匀后再加入盐酸溶液,搅拌5h后,室温下静置陈化,形成生物玻璃晶须中间体;
诱骨活性颗粒制备:取预处理的磷酸盐溶液和生物玻璃中间体混合,于-10~-24℃预冻成型,然后置于-5℃冻干机内,放置20-24h后取出,室温下形成晶体,晶体研磨至5-10μm,得到诱骨活性颗粒,诱骨活性颗粒保存于生理盐水中。
进一步,所述磷酸盐预处理步骤中,包含10-30重量份羟基磷灰石、40-50重量份β-磷酸三钙、8-12重量份磷脂酰乙醇胺。
进一步,所述凝胶的制备步骤如下:
在5wt%的壳聚糖溶液中加入羟基柠檬酸,加入8wt%的聚乙烯醇溶液混匀,水浴加热至20-30℃保温20-30min后,加入60wt%甘油磷酸钠溶液,搅拌1-2h后,再加入0.5wt%京尼平,水浴加热至37-38℃,搅拌形成凝胶状,于20℃真空干燥后得到可逆温敏性干凝胶。
进一步,所述凝胶的制备步骤中,用羟基柠檬酸调节溶液pH=6-7。
进一步,所述使用方法如下:
将待负载的药物与注射用水配置成药液,加入到保存有诱骨活性颗粒的生理盐水进行药物负载,随后加入凝胶,混合均匀后注射于脊骨缺损处。
进一步,所述诱骨活性颗粒与凝胶的质量比为1:(3-4)。
本发明的有益效果如下:
一、诱骨活性颗粒含有羟基磷灰石和β-磷酸三钙,羟基磷灰石和β-磷酸三钙的钙磷比与正常人体骨骼的无机成分极为相似,与骨头之间具有良好的生物相容性和骨传导性。生物玻璃且是一种具有广谱抗菌功能的材料,还具有优异的生物活性,制备成晶须状,可以与磷酸盐一起形成混合晶体得到诱骨活性颗粒,以生物玻璃晶须诱导磷酸盐共同形成具有骨诱导活性的因子,修复具有骨缺损的脊柱。诱骨活性颗粒载药后,可以促进伤口的愈合,减少术后感染。而且磷酸盐经过预处理后,表面改性,形成与生物膜相似的磷脂,血液相容性增加,减少排异反应,进一步增加生物相容性。
二、可逆温敏性干凝胶是形成凝胶后真空干燥得到的,与诱骨活性颗粒混合后注射于脊骨缺损处,于人体37-39℃的温度下再一次形成凝胶,促进骨生长。形成凝胶前属于溶液性质的混合物,可注射于任何脊骨缺损处,创伤小,适用范围广。凝胶和诱骨活性颗粒的原料包括壳聚糖、甘油磷酸钠、生物玻璃晶须、磷酸盐等,均属于可降解物质,修复材料降解后够随着脊骨生长,填充部分由新骨填充,伤口愈合。
具体实施方式
以下将结合具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明:
本发明的一种可注射的载药脊骨修复材料,修复材料包括诱骨活性颗粒和凝胶,诱骨活性颗粒主要由生物玻璃晶须/磷酸盐晶体制成,诱骨活性颗粒负载有药物,磷酸盐晶体的原料包括羟基磷灰石和β-磷酸三钙,凝胶为可逆温敏性干凝胶,凝胶主要由壳聚糖/甘油磷酸钠制成,羟基磷灰石为直径为30nm、长为100nm、纯度≥98%的短棒状结构,β-磷酸三钙为粒径为15-25μm、纯度≥98%的颗粒物,诱骨活性颗粒的载药量为5-30%,负载的药物选自万古霉素、克林霉素、四环素、庆大霉素、妥布霉素、头孢呋辛钠、头孢噻肟中的一种。
实施例1:诱骨活性颗粒和凝胶制备一:
诱骨活性颗粒制备:
选用宽为30nm、长为100nm短棒状、纯度≥98%的羟基磷灰石,所述β-磷酸三钙的粒径为15-17μm、纯度≥98%;
磷酸盐预处理:将10g羟基磷灰石、40gβ-磷酸三钙与200ml 3wt%的乙酸混合搅拌15min,形成悬浮液,随后常温下静置陈化30min,陈化完成后真空抽滤,将滤饼洗涤至洗涤液呈中性,于40℃下烘干后,然后再次研磨分散,将分散后的磷酸盐、120ml 2wt%羟基柠檬酸溶液、8g磷脂酰乙醇胺,放入真空搅拌器,以200r/min搅拌20min后取出,加入100ml5wt%乙醇溶液,搅拌均匀,得到经过预处理的磷酸盐溶液,将磷酸盐溶液真空浓缩至含水量为20%;
生物玻璃晶须中间体制备:将50g四水硝酸钙、15g磷酸三乙酯分散于900ml无水乙醇中,于水浴加热至30℃1h后,加入180g正硅酸乙脂,搅拌均匀后再加入100ml 4wt%盐酸溶液,以100r/min的速率搅拌5h后,于室温下静置陈化直至形成类似凝胶状的生物玻璃中间体;
诱骨活性颗粒制备:将经过真空浓缩后的磷酸盐溶液和生物玻璃中间体混合按照质量比为2:1混合,于零下10℃预冻成型,然后置于-5℃冻干机搁板上,抽真空并密封干燥箱,20h后取出,晾至室温,得到晶体,将晶体研磨至5μm,得到诱骨活性颗粒,经过测量,生物玻璃晶须与磷酸盐晶体的比例约为0.2:1。
类似凝胶状的物质是生物玻璃晶须的中间体,磷酸盐经过预处理得到改性,在真空低温干燥情况下得到磷酸盐晶体,而羟基柠檬酸溶液中未反应的羟基在低温、真空负压的条件下诱导生成生物玻璃晶须,磷酸盐晶体和生物玻璃晶须共混生长,研磨后得到诱骨活性颗粒。因生成的晶体可能粒径大,不规则,需经过研磨将晶体研磨至微米级,且粒径越小诱骨活性颗粒的骨诱导活性越高,微米级骨诱导活性高、研磨成本低,且更方便修复细小的脊骨缺损处。生物玻璃中间体是类似凝胶状的物质,与预处理后的磷酸盐溶液在冻干机中结晶时,会有微观孔形成,孔隙率为92%,因为有微观孔形成,可以负载抗生素等药物,防止术后感染,促进伤口愈合。
人体里面含有大量的细胞,也含有各种生物膜,生物膜中含有磷脂、糖鞘脂和胆固醇,它们都是两性分子,大部分都具有亲水-疏水的双层脂结构,通过预处理磷酸盐,进而改性诱骨活性颗粒,其表面与生物膜的主要成分磷脂酰乙醇胺接枝聚合,仿生生物膜,使诱骨活性颗粒与血液接触时,减少对血小板和蛋白质的吸附,进行改善材料的血液相容性,防止排异反应出现,可以提高生物相容性。而磷脂酰乙醇胺与羟基磷灰石、β-磷酸三钙不容易进行接枝,所以需要对磷酸盐经过乙酸处理。乙酸属于弱酸,羟基磷灰石、β-磷酸三钙两种磷酸盐几乎不用于乙酸,但是经过长时间静置陈化后,磷酸盐晶体表面含有羧基,使磷酸盐活化与含有羟基的柠檬酸共同修饰磷脂酰乙醇胺,且磷脂酰乙醇胺也是一种天然的表面活性剂可促进接枝反应。
凝胶制备:
将200g壳聚糖制备成5wt%的壳聚糖溶液,加入羟基柠檬酸,调节pH=6后将20ml8wt%的聚乙烯醇加入,混合均匀,水浴加热至于20℃、30min后,滴加30ml60wt%甘油磷酸钠溶液,搅拌1h后,加入10ml由京尼平溶于pH=7.4的磷酸盐缓冲液中配置成为0.5wt%的京尼平溶液,于水浴加热至37℃,搅拌成凝胶状,将凝胶于20℃真空干燥后得到可逆温敏性干凝胶,将可逆温敏性干凝胶研磨至3μm。
实施例2:诱骨活性颗粒和凝胶制备二:
诱骨活性颗粒制备:
选用宽为30nm、长为100nm短棒状、纯度≥98%的羟基磷灰石,所述β-磷酸三钙的粒径为18-20μm、纯度≥98%;
磷酸盐预处理:将20g羟基磷灰石、50gβ-磷酸三钙与250ml 4wt%的乙酸混合搅拌12min,形成悬浮液,随后常温下静置陈化35min,陈化完成后真空抽滤,将滤饼洗涤至洗涤液呈中性,于40℃下烘干后,然后再次研磨分散,将分散后的磷酸盐、120ml 2wt%羟基柠檬酸溶液、10g磷脂酰乙醇胺,放入真空搅拌器,以200r/min搅拌20min后取出,加入150ml5wt%乙醇溶液,搅拌均匀,得到经过预处理的磷酸盐溶液,将磷酸盐溶液真空浓缩至含水量为25%;
生物玻璃晶须中间体制备:将50g四水硝酸钙、15g磷酸三乙酯分散于900ml无水乙醇中,于水浴加热至30℃1h后,加入180g正硅酸乙脂,搅拌均匀后再加入100ml 4wt%盐酸溶液,以100r/min的速率搅拌5h后,于室温下静置陈化直至形成类似凝胶状的生物玻璃中间体;
诱骨活性颗粒制备:将经过真空浓缩后的磷酸盐溶液和生物玻璃中间体混合按照质量比为2:1.5混合,于零下15℃预冻成型,然后置于-5℃冻干机搁板上,抽真空并密封干燥箱,24h后取出,晾至室温,得到晶体,将晶体研磨至7μm,得到诱骨活性颗粒,经过测量,生物玻璃晶须与磷酸盐晶体的比例约为0.3:1。
凝胶制备:
将200g壳聚糖制备成5wt%的壳聚糖溶液,加入羟基柠檬酸,调节pH=6.5后将20ml 8wt%的聚乙烯醇加入,混合均匀,于水浴加热至25℃、25min后,滴加30ml 60wt%甘油磷酸钠溶液,搅拌2h后,加入10ml由京尼平溶于pH=7.4的磷酸盐缓冲液中配置成为0.5wt%的京尼平溶液,于水浴加热至38℃,搅拌成凝胶状,将凝胶于20℃真空干燥后得到可逆温敏性干凝胶,将可逆温敏性干凝胶研磨至4μm。
实施例3:诱骨活性颗粒和凝胶制备三:
诱骨活性颗粒:
选用宽为30nm、长为100nm短棒状、纯度≥98%的羟基磷灰石,所述β-磷酸三钙的粒径为22-25μm、纯度≥98%;
磷酸盐预处理:将15g羟基磷灰石、50gβ-磷酸三钙与200ml 5wt%的乙酸混合搅拌10min,形成悬浮液,随后常温下静置陈化40min,陈化完成后真空抽滤,将滤饼洗涤至洗涤液呈中性,于40℃下烘干后,然后再次研磨分散,将分散后的磷酸盐、100ml 2wt%羟基柠檬酸溶液、12g磷脂酰乙醇胺,放入真空搅拌器,以200r/min搅拌20min后取出,加入150ml5wt%乙醇溶液,搅拌均匀,得到经过预处理的磷酸盐溶液,将磷酸盐溶液真空浓缩至含水量为30%;
生物玻璃晶须中间体制备:将50g四水硝酸钙、15g磷酸三乙酯分散于900ml无水乙醇中,于水浴加热至30℃、1h后,加入180g正硅酸乙脂,搅拌均匀后再加入100ml 4wt%盐酸溶液,以100r/min的速率搅拌5h后,于室温下静置陈化直至形成类似凝胶状的生物玻璃中间体;
诱骨活性颗粒制备:将经过真空浓缩后的磷酸盐溶液和生物玻璃中间体混合按照质量比为2:0.5混合,于零下20℃预冻成型,然后置于-5℃冻干机搁板上,抽真空并密封干燥箱,24h后取出,晾至室温,得到晶体,将晶体研磨至10μm,得到诱骨活性颗粒,经过测量,生物玻璃晶须与磷酸盐晶体的比例约为0.1:1。
凝胶制备:
将200g壳聚糖制备成5wt%的壳聚糖溶液,加入羟基柠檬酸,调节pH=7后将20ml8wt%的聚乙烯醇加入,混合均匀,于水浴加热至30℃、0min后,滴加30ml 60wt%甘油磷酸钠溶液,搅拌2h后,加入10ml由京尼平溶于pH=7.4的磷酸盐缓冲液中配置成为0.5wt%的京尼平溶液,于水浴加热至38℃,搅拌成凝胶状,将凝胶于20℃真空干燥后得到可逆温敏性干凝胶,将可逆温敏性干凝胶研磨至6μm。
实施例4:使用方法:
将500mg头孢呋辛钠制备成为注射液后,加入含2g实施例1-3任一一种方法制备的诱骨活性颗粒的生理盐水中,以150r/min的速率旋转混合10min后,加入6g可逆温敏性干凝胶,混合均匀后注射于脊骨缺损处,待形成凝胶后可进行下一步手术操作。
将0.6g克林霉素制备成为注射液后,加入含2g实施例1-3任一一种方法制备的诱骨活性颗粒的生理盐水中,以150r/min的速率旋转混合10min后,加入8g可逆温敏性干凝胶,混合均匀后注射于脊骨缺损处,待形成凝胶后可进行下一步手术操作。
以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制,尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本发明技术方案的宗旨和范围,其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。本发明未详细描述的技术、形状、构造部分均为公知技术。
Claims (10)
1.一种可注射的载药脊骨修复材料,其特征在于,所述修复材料包括诱骨活性颗粒和凝胶,所述诱骨活性颗粒主要由生物玻璃晶须/磷酸盐晶体制成,所述诱骨活性颗粒负载有药物,所述磷酸盐晶体的原料包括羟基磷灰石和β-磷酸三钙,所述凝胶为可逆温敏性干凝胶,所述凝胶主要由壳聚糖/甘油磷酸钠制成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种可注射的载药脊骨修复材料,其特征在于,所述诱骨活性颗粒中,生物玻璃晶须与磷酸盐晶体的质量比为(0.1-0.3):1。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种可注射的载药脊骨修复材料,其特征在于,所述羟基磷灰石为直径为30nm、长为100nm、纯度≥98%的短棒状结构,所述β-磷酸三钙为粒径为15-25μm、纯度≥98%的颗粒物。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种可注射的载药脊骨修复材料,其特征在于,所述诱骨活性颗粒的载药量为5-30%,负载的药物选自万古霉素、克林霉素、四环素、庆大霉素、妥布霉素、头孢呋辛钠、头孢噻肟中的一种。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种可注射的载药脊骨修复材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述诱骨活性颗粒的制备步骤如下:
磷酸盐预处理:将羟基磷灰石、β-磷酸三钙与3-5wt%的乙酸混合搅拌10-15min,随后静置陈化30-40min,真空抽滤,将滤饼洗涤至中性,烘干后再次研磨分散,取分散后的磷酸盐、1-2wt%羟基柠檬酸溶液、磷脂酰乙醇胺放入真空搅拌器搅拌20min,加入5wt%乙醇溶液,搅拌均匀,真空浓缩;
生物玻璃晶须中间体制备:将四水硝酸钙、磷酸三乙酯按照质量比为3:1分散于无水乙醇中,于水浴加热至30℃、1h后,加入正硅酸乙脂,搅拌均匀后再加入盐酸溶液,搅拌5h后,室温下静置陈化,形成生物玻璃晶须中间体;
诱骨活性颗粒制备:取预处理的磷酸盐溶液和生物玻璃中间体混合,于-10~-24℃预冻成型,然后置于-5℃冻干机内,放置20-24h后取出,室温下形成晶体,晶体研磨至5-10μm,得到诱骨活性颗粒,诱骨活性颗粒保存于生理盐水中。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种可注射的载药脊骨修复材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述磷酸盐预处理步骤中,包含10-30重量份羟基磷灰石、40-50重量份β-磷酸三钙、8-12重量份磷脂酰乙醇胺。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种可注射的载药脊骨修复材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述凝胶的制备步骤如下:
在5wt%的壳聚糖溶液中加入羟基柠檬酸,加入8wt%的聚乙烯醇溶液混匀,水浴加热至20-30℃保温20-30min后,加入60wt%甘油磷酸钠溶液,搅拌1-2h后,再加入0.5wt%京尼平,水浴加热至37-38℃,搅拌形成凝胶状,于20℃真空干燥后得到可逆温敏性干凝胶。
8.根据权利要求7所述的一种可注射的载药脊骨修复材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述凝胶的制备步骤中,用羟基柠檬酸调节溶液pH=6-7。
9.根据权利要求4所述的一种可注射的载药脊骨修复材料的使用方法,其特征在于,所述使用方法如下:
将待负载的药物与注射用水配置成药液,加入到保存有诱骨活性颗粒的生理盐水进行药物负载,随后加入凝胶,混合均匀后注射于脊骨缺损处。
10.根据权利要求9所述的一种可注射的载药脊骨修复材料的使用方法,其特征在于,所述诱骨活性颗粒与凝胶的质量比为1:(3-4)。
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