CN109596709A - A kind of detection method of fixed pressure vessel - Google Patents
A kind of detection method of fixed pressure vessel Download PDFInfo
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- CN109596709A CN109596709A CN201811553330.8A CN201811553330A CN109596709A CN 109596709 A CN109596709 A CN 109596709A CN 201811553330 A CN201811553330 A CN 201811553330A CN 109596709 A CN109596709 A CN 109596709A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/048—Marking the faulty objects
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B17/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of infrasonic, sonic or ultrasonic vibrations
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of detection methods of fixed pressure vessel, firstly, by calculating the theoretic most thin permission wall thickness D of the pressure vessel1, thickness measuring is carried out to the fixed pressure vessel with calibrator, and calculate the average practical wall thickness D of container2, relatively average practical wall thickness D2With most thin permission wall thickness D1, judge the security situation of container, if safety, full wall surface scanning further carried out to pressure vessel with ultrasonic Method for Measuring, existing defect is determined, all defect is positioned and is marked；The detection of ultrasonic wave time difference diffraction is carried out to the position of existing defects, obtains the length and height of defect, and carries out the calculating of simulation size according to the length of defect and height, the simulation maximum crackle of size is filtered out, is denoted as the maximum analog dimension D to defect3With average practical wall thickness D2It is compared, for the container of safety, the prediction of crack growth rate and remaining life is further carried out by Paris formula, this method is to predict the security performance of fixed pressure vessel, prevents the generation of leakage or explosion accident from providing important evidence.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of detection methods of pressure vessel, more particularly, to a kind of nothing of fixed pressure vessel
Damage detection method.
Background technique
Pressure vessel is a kind of extraordinary bearing device with explosion danger, is commonly used to store inflammable, explosive, poisonous liquid
Body, gas etc., once explosion occurs or reveals, consequence is extremely serious.In recent years, it is constantly sent out with China's modern industry
Exhibition, to pressure vessel product quality and structure safely, the reliability used etc. propose more strict requirements, Gu
The security reliability judge of fixed pattern pressure vessel is particularly important.Fixed pressure vessel in temperature, is situated between during application
Under the influence of the factors such as matter, pressure, various damages can be gradually appeared, problem of stress concentration easily occur, and the problem is caused to produce
Raw reason is that there is certain residual stress in the structural bodies weld seam such as internal adapter tube and end socket, and have discontinuous
Situations such as property, this just leads to the case where stress concentration occur.Usually in the position that stress is concentrated, the pressure such as temperature and medium
Under collective effect, it may appear that situations such as damage fatigue, crack corrosion, this cause the service performance of pressure vessel significantly under
Drop.For this purpose, country specifics have formulated " fixed safe technology of pressure vessel inspection procedure specification ", it is used to fixed pressure vessel
It is standardized detection.
The existing lossless detection method about pressure vessel, mainly by TOFD diffraction time difference method ultrasonic detecting technology, sound
Transmitting detection, ray detection and Magnetic testing method.These methods are detected both for some position of pressure vessel, or
Person detects the region of crackle, but qualitative and quantitative data are all not accurate enough.Such as in CN102539533A, utilize
TOFD method detects large-scale spiral shell weld seam, and the detection of weld seam is carried out using TOFD and RT, UT comparative test；
CN103868985B discloses a kind of inservice pressure vessel quantifying defects comprehensive safety evaluation method, using the detection of Magnetic Memory
As a result, having carried out the simulation of Failure Assessment Curves equation, comprehensive safety evaluation is carried out to inservice pressure vessel.
CN105259180B discloses a kind of defect pressure vessel crack propagation condition monitoring system of the internal fissure containing longitudinal direction, passes through sensing
Device measures ess-strain, calculates stress intensity and fracture toughness to be compared and obtains the spread scenarios of crackle.These are existing
Technology, all cannot the defect rapidly to fixed pressure vessel judge, and cannot further provide it is specific in detail
Comprehensive descision criterion.
Summary of the invention
The invention solves computational problem be to overcome drawbacks described above, a kind of comprehensive hold to fixed pressure is provided
The method that device is detected.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
A kind of detection method of fixed pressure vessel, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: measuring the internal diameter R of the pressure vessel, pressure vessel wall material allowable stress width at service temperatures
ValueAnd the weld joint efficiency α of pressure vessel, the theoretic most thin permission wall thickness of the pressure vessel is calculated with formula (1):
In formula, D1Indicate that the theoretic most thin permission wall thickness of pressure vessel, P are the maximum bearing capacity of pressure vessel；
Step 2: thickness measuring being carried out to the fixed pressure vessel with calibrator, and calculates the average practical wall thickness D of container2,
Compare average practical wall thickness D2With most thin permission wall thickness D1If D1≥0.8D2, then may determine that the pressure vessel is in leakage
Or in explosion danger；If D1< 0.8D2, then enter step 3 and further detected；
Step 3: full wall surface scanning being carried out to pressure vessel with ultrasonic Method for Measuring, determines existing defect, is lacked to all
Row is trapped into position and be marked；
Step 4: the detection of ultrasonic wave time difference diffraction is carried out to the position of existing defects, obtains the length and height of defect, and
The calculating that simulation size is carried out according to the length of defect and height, obtains the simulation size of defect；It filters out and wherein simulates size
Maximum crackle, simulation size are denoted as D3；
Step 5, to the maximum analog dimension D of defect3With average practical wall thickness D2It is compared, if D3≥0.75D2, then
It may determine that the pressure vessel is in leakage or explosion danger；If D3< 0.75D2, then the further inspection of step 6 is carried out
It surveys；
Step 6: the elasticity modulus of measurement chamber wall material, Poisson's ratio, yield strength inject pressure vessel and subscribe pressure
For the fluid of p, high all crack expansion tests are carried out, at this point, the axial stress of wall surface and circumference stress are available inside pressure vessel
Formula (2) and formula (3) indicate are as follows:
σ1=pR/4D2 (2)
σ2=pR/2D2 (3)
In formula, σ1Indicate axial stress, σ2Indicate circumference stress；
Defect is calculated according to the elasticity modulus of chamber wall material, Poisson's ratio, yield strength, axial stress and circumference stress to split
The stress strength factor K of line；
Step 7: the spreading rate of defect crack, specific formula are calculated using Paris formula are as follows:
In formula, a indicates fracture stimulations size, and N indicates stress-number of cycles,Indicate that crack growth rate, C, n are material
Constant, A are temperature coefficient；
Step 8, according to the judgement in step 5, fracture stimulations size reaches 0.75D2When, it can be determined that cracking failure has
Formula (4) are therefore integrated, obtain the life prediction formula (5) of defect crack by the danger of leakage or explosion:
In formula, a0It is the initial value of greatest drawback fracture stimulations size obtained in step 4,
Thus judge the remaining life of the fixed pressure vessel.
Preferably, in step 3, when ultrasonic scanning, emphasis scans the positions such as weld seam, container bent angle, junction.
Preferably, defect crack length obtains in the following manner in step 4:
Crack length is detected by the D scanning of TOFD, is calculated by formula (6):
In formula, l is the length of defect crack, and Δ T is the time difference that the diffracted wave of wave and crackle is led directly in TOFD, and c is ultrasound
Spread speed of the wave in chamber wall, S are the half of center probe distance.
Preferably, the height of defect crack obtains in the following manner in step 4:
Crackle height is detected by the D scanning of TOFD, is calculated by formula (7):
In formula, h indicates the height of defect crack, and t is the arrival time of defect upper prong diffracted wave, Δ t be in TOFD on
The time difference of lower prong diffracted wave, c are spread speed of the ultrasonic wave in chamber wall, and s is center probe spacing.
Preferably, in step 4, the simulation size of defect is calculated by formula (8):
In formula, e is the eccentricity that Crack Center deviates container wall thickness center, D2For the container that is calculated in step 2
Average practical wall thickness.
Preferably, the fluid injected in step 6 is the gas or liquid stored in fixed pressure vessel.
Preferably, the gas is natural gas, and liquid is gasoline etc..
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
It is not simple directly to carry out the crackle longevity using Paris first, it is determined that whether to damage step succinct for pressure vessel
The prediction of life, but first preliminary to pressure vessel progress by the relativity of the thick and average practical wall thickness of theoretical most thin-walled
Judgement obtains the judgement whether pressure vessel is in dangerous；Then, size is simulated using average practical wall thickness and greatest drawback
Compare, then safe judgement carried out to the thicker pressure vessel of practical wall thickness, finally just to the pressure vessel in safety into
The prediction of row crackle remaining life.This detection method for gradually detecting, judging, saves testing cost and time, more directly
It sees, safety detection comprehensively is carried out to fixed pressure vessel, it is also more convenient to its bearing capacity, leakage ability and peace
Full performance carries out comprehensive judgement.
Detection method of the invention has been done more comprehensive relative to the methods of single magnetic powder, ray and ultrasonic time difference diffraction
The judgement of conjunction, and and the height or length of single defect crack is not used, but be simulated the calculating of size, more
Accurately react the relationship of crack size and wall thickness.Meanwhile more accurate calculating side also is provided for the prediction of remaining life
Formula.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of detection method of fixed pressure vessel of the invention
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
It is the petroleum storage tank of 16MnR steel to a material, a diameter of 7m, the actual average wall thickness of measurement is 30mm, the steel
Yield strength be 345MPa, elasticity modulus 2.08MPa, Poisson's ratio 0.3 detects the storage tank, and specific steps are such as
Under:
Measure the internal diameter R of the pressure vessel, pressure vessel wall material allowable stress amplitude at service temperaturesWith
And the weld joint efficiency α of pressure vessel, the theoretic most thin permission wall thickness of the pressure vessel is calculated with formula (1):
In formula, D1Indicate that the theoretic most thin permission wall thickness of pressure vessel, P are the maximum bearing capacity of pressure vessel；
Relevant parameter is substituted into, obtaining most thin permissions wall thickness is 20.6mm, due to 20.6mm < 0.8*30mm, entrance
Step 3, full wall surface scanning is carried out to pressure vessel with ultrasonic Method for Measuring, determines existing defect, all defect is determined
Position is simultaneously marked；
Step 4: the detection of ultrasonic wave time difference diffraction is carried out to the position of existing defects, obtains the length and height of defect, and
The calculating that simulation size is carried out according to the length of defect and height, obtains the simulation size of defect；It filters out and wherein simulates size
Maximum crackle, simulation size are denoted as D3；Specific calculation method are as follows:
Crack length is detected by the D scanning of TOFD, is calculated by formula (6):
In formula, l is the length of defect crack, and Δ T is the time difference that the diffracted wave of wave and crackle is led directly in TOFD, and c is ultrasound
Spread speed of the wave in chamber wall, S are the half of center probe distance.
The height of defect crack obtains in the following manner:
Crackle height is detected by the D scanning of TOFD, is calculated by formula (7):
In formula, h indicates the height of defect crack, and t is the arrival time of defect upper prong diffracted wave, Δ t be in TOFD on
The time difference of lower prong diffracted wave, c are spread speed of the ultrasonic wave in chamber wall, and s is center probe spacing.
The simulation size of defect is calculated by formula (8):
In formula, e is the eccentricity that Crack Center deviates container wall thickness center, D2For the container that is calculated in step 2
Average practical wall thickness passes through the detection to crackle in weld seam as a result, measures the simulation of greatest drawback having a size of 7.365mm,
Less than 0.75*30mm, then according to the elasticity modulus of chamber wall material, Poisson's ratio, yield strength, pressure vessel is injected pre-
The fluid that pressure is p is ordered, high all crack expansion tests are carried out, at this point, the axial stress of wall surface and circumferential direction are answered inside pressure vessel
Power can be indicated with formula (2) and formula (3) are as follows:
σ1=pK/4D2 (2)
σ2=pK/2D2 (3)
In formula, σ1Indicate axial stress, σ2Indicate circumference stress；
Defect is calculated according to the elasticity modulus of chamber wall material, Poisson's ratio, yield strength, axial stress and circumference stress to split
The stress strength factor K of line；
Then, the spreading rate of defect crack, specific formula are calculated using Paris formula are as follows:
In formula, a indicates fracture stimulations size, and N indicates stress-number of cycles,Indicate that crack growth rate, C, n are material
Constant, A are temperature coefficient；
Finally according to the judgement in step 5, fracture stimulations size reaches 0.75D2When, it can be determined that cracking failure is let out
Formula (4) are therefore integrated, obtain the life prediction formula (5) of defect crack by the danger of dew or explosion:
In formula, a0It is the initial value of greatest drawback fracture stimulations size obtained in step 4,
Thus judge the remaining life of the fixed pressure vessel.
Finally, by calculate, obtain N be 15734 times, i.e., the petroleum storage tank can also carry out reservation pressure, at a temperature of
Oiling 15734 times, so that its maximum crackle can expand to 22.5mm, this is, which is in the devotion of leakage, and reply should
Storage tank repairs or retired.
Meanwhile in the subsequent detection using same procedure, if due to corrosion etc., so that tank body wall thickness is less than
The simulation size of 24mm perhaps maximum crackle all should be repaired or be moved back to the storage tank higher than 0.75 times of practical wall thickness
Labour, to prevent the generation of accident.
Specific descriptions above are only the descriptions to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, are not for limiting the present invention.This
Field technical staff is after reading the present invention it can be appreciated that without departing from the scope of the invention, can carry out each
Kind is improved and is changed.The scope of the present invention is defined by the claims.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of detection method of fixed pressure vessel, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: measuring the internal diameter R of the pressure vessel, pressure vessel wall material allowable stress amplitude at service temperaturesWith
And the weld joint efficiency α of pressure vessel, the theoretic most thin permission wall thickness of the pressure vessel is calculated with formula (1):
In formula, D1Indicate that the theoretic most thin permission wall thickness of pressure vessel, P are the maximum bearing capacity of pressure vessel；
Step 2: thickness measuring being carried out to the fixed pressure vessel with calibrator, and calculates the average practical wall thickness D of container2, relatively more flat
Practical wall thickness D2With most thin permission wall thickness D1If D1≥0.8D2, then may determine that the pressure vessel is in leakage or explosion
In danger；If D1< 0.8D2, then enter step 3 and further detected；
Step 3: full wall surface scanning carried out to pressure vessel with ultrasonic Method for Measuring, determines existing defect, to all defect into
Row is positioned and is marked；
Step 4: the detection of ultrasonic wave time difference diffraction is carried out to the positions of existing defects, obtains the length and height of defect, and according to
The length and height of defect carry out the calculating of simulation size, obtain the simulation size of defect；It is maximum to filter out wherein simulation size
Crackle, simulation size be denoted as D3；
Step 5, to the maximum analog dimension D of defect3With average practical wall thickness D2It is compared, if D3≥0.75D2, then can be with
Judge that the pressure vessel is in leakage or explosion danger；If D3< 0.75D2, then the further detection of step 6 is carried out；
Step 6: the elasticity modulus of measurement chamber wall material, Poisson's ratio, yield strength inject pressure vessel and subscribe pressure as p
Fluid, high all crack expansion test is carried out, at this point, the axial stress of wall surface and circumference stress can use formula inside pressure vessel
(2) it is indicated with formula (3) are as follows:
σ1=pR/4D2 (2)
σ2=pR/2D2 (3)
In formula, σ1Indicate axial stress, σ2Indicate circumference stress；
Defect crack is calculated according to the elasticity modulus of chamber wall material, Poisson's ratio, yield strength, axial stress and circumference stress
Stress strength factor K；
Step 7: the spreading rate of defect crack, specific formula are calculated using Paris formula are as follows:
In formula, a indicates fracture stimulations size, and N indicates stress-number of cycles,Indicate that crack growth rate, C, n are that material is normal
Number, A is temperature coefficient；
Step 8, according to the judgement in step 5, fracture stimulations size reaches 0.75D2When, it can be determined that cracking failure, have leakage or
Formula (4) are therefore integrated, obtain the life prediction formula (5) of defect crack by the danger of person's explosion:
In formula, a0It is the initial value of greatest drawback fracture stimulations size obtained in step 4,
Thus the remaining life of the fixed pressure vessel is calculated.
2. a kind of detection method of fixed pressure vessel as described in claim 1, in step 3, when ultrasonic scanning, weight
The positions such as spot scan weld seam, container bent angle, junction.
3. a kind of detection method of fixed pressure vessel as described in claim 1, in step 4 defect crack length by with
Under type obtains:
Crack length is detected by the D scanning of TOFD, is calculated by formula (6):
In formula, l is the length of defect crack, and Δ T is the time difference that the diffracted wave of wave and crackle is led directly in TOFD, and c is that ultrasonic wave exists
Spread speed in chamber wall, S are the half of center probe distance.
4. a kind of detection method of fixed pressure vessel as claimed in claim 3, the height of defect crack passes through in step 4
Following manner obtains:
Crackle height is detected by the D scanning of TOFD, is calculated by formula (7):
In formula, h indicates the height of defect crack, and t is the arrival time of defect upper prong diffracted wave, and Δ t is sharp up and down in TOFD
It holds the time difference of diffracted wave, c is spread speed of the ultrasonic wave in chamber wall, and s is center probe spacing.
5. a kind of detection method of fixed pressure vessel as claimed in claim 4, in step 4, the simulation size of defect is logical
Formula (8) is crossed to calculate:
In formula, e is the eccentricity that Crack Center deviates container wall thickness center, D2Average reality for the container being calculated in step 2
Border wall thickness.
6. a kind of detection method of fixed pressure vessel as described in claim 1, the fluid injected in step 6 is fixed
The gas or liquid stored in pressure vessel, it is preferred that the gas is natural gas, and liquid is gasoline etc..
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Cited By (5)
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| CN111881619A (en) * | 2020-07-13 | 2020-11-03 | 成都鹦鹉螺大数据科技有限公司 | Prediction method for realizing pipe erosion defect based on BP neural network of MATLAB tool box |
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| CN113109160A (en) * | 2021-04-07 | 2021-07-13 | 南京金创有色金属科技发展有限公司 | Safety assessment technical method for pressure container with over-design service life |
| CN113884044A (en) * | 2021-09-18 | 2022-01-04 | 华电电力科学研究院有限公司 | Intelligent detection method and detection device for wall thickness of pressure container |
| WO2022121771A1 (en) * | 2020-12-08 | 2022-06-16 | 重庆海尔制冷电器有限公司 | Method and device for inspecting reservoir |
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| CN113884044A (en) * | 2021-09-18 | 2022-01-04 | 华电电力科学研究院有限公司 | Intelligent detection method and detection device for wall thickness of pressure container |
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