CN109596378A - One kind being used for plain in west of Sichuan Agro-ecological System atmospheric sedimentation monitoring point method for arranging - Google Patents
One kind being used for plain in west of Sichuan Agro-ecological System atmospheric sedimentation monitoring point method for arranging Download PDFInfo
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- CN109596378A CN109596378A CN201811505357.XA CN201811505357A CN109596378A CN 109596378 A CN109596378 A CN 109596378A CN 201811505357 A CN201811505357 A CN 201811505357A CN 109596378 A CN109596378 A CN 109596378A
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
Abstract
One kind being used for plain in west of Sichuan Agro-ecological System atmospheric sedimentation monitoring point method for arranging, dried wet deposition acquisition is carried out first, arrangement sampled point simultaneously places collector, monthly wet deposition acquisition, twice dry deposition acquisition, and full nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and soluble organic nitrogen are detected respectively, calculate Flux；Secondly the land use pattern of survey region is divided, and extracts the area data of each land use pattern；The correlation for obtaining each nitrogen index Flux and each land use pattern area of dried wet deposition later finally determines the optimal interval scale of atmospheric sedimentation monitoring sampled point in suitable survey region.The present invention can obtain based on practical land use pattern Distribution Pattern, more accurate sampled point distance, finally, effectively can comprehensively monitor the atmospheric sedimentation of each functional areas, it is thus also avoided that the waste of resource.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to atmospheric sedimentation monitoring point method for arranging technical fields, more particularly to one kind is for plain in west of Sichuan agricultural
Ecosystem atmospheric sedimentation monitoring point method for arranging.
Background technique
The emphasis that monitoring is dry, wet deposition is atmospheric sedimentation research work, obtaining effective monitoring data is that atmospheric environment is ground
The hot issue studied carefully.The research about atmospheric sedimentation monitoring focuses primarily upon in the monitoring method to atmospheric sedimentation at present, with
The progress of science and technology, field sampling technology, indoor measurement and Source Apportionment are all developed rapidly.In current research
In, commonly used by points distributing method have: (1) functional areas are layouted method.Monitoring section is divided into industrial area, shopping centre, farming region, inhabitation
Area, industry and inhabitation mixed zone, the dense area of traffic, clear area etc., further according to specific pollution condition and human and material resources condition,
A certain number of sampled points are arranged in each functional areas.This is the method used China urban air monitoring location early stage, but the method
It is only capable of the pollution of reflection subrange, it is representative poor；(2) geometric figure is layouted method.1. lattice method: localized ground will be monitored
It is divided into several uniformly netted grid, sampled points and is located at the point of intersection or grid center of two straight lines.Each grid is square,
Can uniformly it describe from map, area regards measured area size, pollution sources intensity, population distribution, monitoring purpose to grid on the spot
Depending on monitoring strength, one point of usually 1~9km cloth.If cardinal wind is clear, lower wind direction set up an office answer it is more, generally about
Account for the 60% of total number of sample points.The spatial distribution of this preferable reaction contaminant of points distributing method energy, but be suitable for having multiple dirts
Dye source, and the situation that analysis is relatively uniform.The method 2. concentric circles is layouted: drawing several concentric circles to pollute the center of group, then
The ray for drawing 45 ° of angles from concentric circles is several, and the intersection point of radioactive ray and concentric circle is sampled point.The method is mainly used for
The pollution group that multiple pollution sources are constituted, and big pollution sources are compared with the area of concentration.The method 3. sector is layouted: it using point source as vertex, dominates
Wind direction is axis, marks a fan-shaped region on ground on the leeward as stationing scope, and fan angle is generally 45 °~90 °,
Sampled point is located on several camber lines away from point source different distance, and the angle of adjacent two o'clock and vertex line generally takes 10 °~20 °.
The method is significantly regional suitable for cardinal wind, or isolated overhead point source.
In conclusion problem of the existing technology is method of layouting for the functional areas of each ecosystem atmospheric sedimentation monitoring
Have not yet been formed one targetedly, the system of system, especially on the laying distance problem of monitoring point, still without one compared with
The acquisition of atmospheric sedimentation sample is carried out as best monitoring scale for accurate range.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide one kind to be used for plain in west of Sichuan Agro-ecological System atmospheric sedimentation monitoring point method for arranging,
Based on practical land use pattern Distribution Pattern, more accurate sampled point distance can be obtained, it finally, can effectively comprehensively
Ground monitors the atmospheric sedimentation of each functional areas, it is thus also avoided that the waste of resource.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention is that:
One kind being used for plain in west of Sichuan Agro-ecological System atmospheric sedimentation monitoring point method for arranging, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: dried wet deposition acquisition
Survey region is divided into several functional areas, 3~6 sampled points are evenly arranged in each functional areas as initial
Monitoring point, choosing initial monitoring point is to select uniformly to divide on map after determining survey region and having divided functional areas
Monitoring point (such as 3 points) of the cloth in functional areas, guarantee institute's monitoring result can represent whole region, then pass through on-site inspection,
Enable monitoring point place to meet settlement monitoring point to place environmental requirement and guarantee that personnel are easily and safely collected；Each adopt
Sampling point places 3~5 wet deposition collectors, 3~5 dry deposition collectors, carries out wet deposition acquisition and dry deposition acquisition respectively,
Dry, wet deposition collector quantity will guarantee have 3 or more parallel samples for analyzing；
Wet deposition acquisition testing is carried out according to mensal frequency, and final wet_end addition presses 1 year average value
Subject to, wet deposition collector is placed in 5m around on the ground without building or plant masking object, before rainfall, is opened wet deposition and is adopted
The lid of storage after rainfall, measures the rain sample being collected into and measures the full nitrogen of wet deposition (WTN), ammonium nitrogen (WNH4 +- N), nitre
State nitrogen (WNO3 -- N) and soluble organic nitrogen (WDON), then calculate wet_end addition；Specifically: collect each rainfall, the end of month
Shi Jinhang mixing, forms a sample and is detected.
Dry deposition acquisition testing is carried out according to bimonthly frequency, continues 5 days every time；Dry deposition collector is placed on ground
High-lager building or plant masking object on face at 1.5-6m, around without eleventh floor building and the above height；Before sampling to dry
Injection 1000ml deionized water in the dust cylinder of collector is settled to remain unchanged as collection liquid and in sampling period holding water,
Sampling period meets precipitation and then stops sampling, and precipitation restores to acquire later, and records the time of each dry deposition acquisition；Sampling terminates
The full nitrogen of dry deposition (DTN), the ammonium nitrogen (DNH of collection liquid are measured afterwards4 +- N), nitrate nitrogen (DNO3 -- N) and soluble organic nitrogen
(DrON), and dry deposition f lux is calculated；
Step 2: dividing the land use pattern of survey region, and extracts the area number of each land use pattern
According to
Survey region is obtained in the remote sensing image data of sampling period, and geometric calibration is carried out to data, matches pixel
Error narrows down to less than 0.5 pixel, then is believed by selection training center, supervised classification, post-classification comparison, the geographical of artificial correction
Breath technology explains, and later, with reference to the statistical yearbook of survey region and the data of land use classes standard, will study area
If domain land use pattern is divided into Ganlei, in conjunction with the land use pattern and spatial distribution on on-site inspection monitoring point periphery,
Radius is respectively set by the center of circle of sampled point as the zone of influence of 5 kinds of range scales of 1km, 2km, 3km, 4km, 5km, and extracts each
The area data of land use pattern；
Step 3: the interval scale of sampled point is determined
By the Line Integral of all land use patterns in each nitrogen deposition index of dry deposition and wet deposition and each zone of influence
Correlation analysis is not done, respectively obtains the dried wet deposition flux and each soil of full nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and soluble organic nitrogen
Correlation of the use pattern area within the scope of all scale zones of influence finally determines atmospheric sedimentation in suitable survey region and supervises
Survey the optimal interval scale of sampled point.
Further, function distinguishing described in step 1 is intensive agricultural region and common agriculture district.
Further, dust cylinder diameter 0.105m, the high 0.145m of the dry deposition collector, the collection liquid height of injection
For 10cm.
The invention has the benefit that
The present invention on the basis of traditional function area layouts method, make certainly by the soil factor area by extracting each zone of influence
Variable, nitrogen deposition flux make dependent variable, construct regression equation, can obtain based on practical land use pattern area, more
Accurate sampled point distance finally effectively can comprehensively monitor the atmospheric sedimentation of each functional areas, it is thus also avoided that the wave of resource
Take, the land use structure of rear region and management, crop fertilization amount and ecological environmental protection etc. provide foundation for it.Therefore it solves
The traditional function area method of layouting be only capable of the pollution of reflection subrange, the disadvantage of representative difference, and this method be suitable for mainly by
The region of non-point pollution is layouted the defect that method uses in these regions to compensate for geometric figure.This method is simple simultaneously
Easy, at low cost, monitoring principle is understandable, easily popularizes and promotes.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the extraction in monitoring point 1-5km effect of radius area.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment, the present invention will be described in further detail.
The present invention is the arrangement of Agro-ecological System atmospheric sedimentation monitoring point, i.e., is layouted method using functional areas, reference
Available data and the practical problem encountered in the detection process, provided with testing program to determine to be suitable for plain in west of Sichuan area
Atmospheric sedimentation monitoring site distribution method, the point arrangement in this functional areas in farming region has been carried out more specifically
It is bright.It, can by establishing the relationship of land use pattern and atmospheric sedimentation since land use pattern can reflect mankind's activity indirectly
To indicate the source of the elements such as nitrogen phosphorus discharge and sedimentation in atmosphere, the Spatial Variations of simulation and forecast atmospheric sedimentation.Therefore, in Sichuan
Sampled point is arranged in Chongzhou City, province, and intensive agricultural region sampling point includes Cai Chang, sets a prairie fire and alder spring；Common agriculture district sampling point includes first logical, Liao
Street and Huaiyuan.Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition is collected as research index, plain in west of Sichuan agriculture is laid as standard using the result of study of nitrogen deposition
The monitoring point of industry ecosystem atmospheric sedimentation.
One kind being used for plain in west of Sichuan Agro-ecological System atmospheric sedimentation monitoring point method for arranging, comprising the following steps:
(1) the acquisition monitoring of wet deposition: in January, 2016 between in December, 2017, carries out simultaneously in 6 sampled points of arrangement
Wet deposition is collected, and each sampling point places 3 wet deposition collectors, and monthly acquisition measurement is primary.Wet deposition collector is improved
" standard rainfall gauge ", the vinyon bottle that the funnel and volume for being 20cm by diameter are 1L form, and outer casing stainless steel bucket prevents
Direct sunlight reduces evaporation.Wet deposition collector is placed in the soil surface around without the veils such as high-lager building or plant.Drop
Before rain, the lid of wet deposition collector is opened manually；After rainfall, the rainfall being collected into is measured with graduated cylinder, finally by rain sample
Take back the full nitrogen of experimental determination wet deposition (WTN), ammonium nitrogen (WNH4 +- N), nitrate nitrogen (WNO3 -- N) and soluble organic nitrogen
(WDON), and wet_end addition (being shown in Table 1) is calculated；
1 atmosphere wet nitrogen deposition year of table flux (kg N hm-2yr-1)
(2) the acquisition monitoring of dry deposition: the same wet deposition of experimental period is carried out dry deposition in 6 sampling points simultaneously and is collected, each
Sampling point places 3 dry deposition collectors, and monthly acquisition measurement is twice, continuous 5 days each.Dry deposition collector is cylinder type glass
Dust cylinder (diameter 0.105m, high 0.145m), housing pvc pipe prevent direct sunlight, reduce evaporation, are placed on 2 layers of residential building roof,
Away from ground 5-6m, around without the veils such as high-lager building or plant.To cartridge type glass dust cylinder injection 10cm's high before sampling
Deionized water is periodically observed in sampling process, supplements deionized water so that collection liquid is high in cylinder during guaranteeing acquisition as collection liquid
Degree is 10cm or so, and sampling period such as rainfall stops sampling, and rain re-starts dry deposition collection after stopping, and records every time dry
Settle acquisition time.Rain belt transect is finally returned into the full nitrogen of experimental determination dry deposition (DTN), ammonium nitrogen (DNH4 +- N), nitrate nitrogen
(DNO3 -- N) and soluble organic nitrogen (DrON), and calculate dry deposition f lux (being shown in Table 2)；
2 atmospheric nitrogen dry deposition year of table flux (kg N hm-2yr-1)
(3) land use data collect: use in August, 2016 obtain Landsat-8TM remote sensing image (resolution ratio for
30m), geometric calibration is carried out to it, pixel matching error is made to narrow down to less than 0.5 pixel.Pass through selection training center, supervision point
The step of class, post-classification comparison, artificial correction, is interpreted.And with reference to Chengdu and Chongzhou City's statistical yearbook (2017) and soil
Using the related data of classification standard, survey region land use pattern is divided into 10 classes: paddy field Rice field, nonirrigated farmland
Dry land, field Yard, facility farming land Agro-facility, organic town Town, village Village, highway land
Highway, common agriculture district land for roads Countryroad, waters Water and Forest and sod Forest.
By the land use pattern and spatial distribution of on-site inspection river two sides, connected applications ArcGIS 10.2 is geographical
Information system software is arranged and is done radius using sampled point as the center of circle as the zone of influence of 1,2,3,4 and 5km, and extracts every kind of scale
Area data (the km of each land use pattern under the zone of influence2) (see Fig. 1, table 3).
Land use pattern area in the 3 plain in west of Sichuan Agro-ecological System atmospheric sedimentation monitoring point different radii zone of influence of table
(km2)
(4) zone of influence scale reflects the migration distance of Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition, by discharge source height, wind speed, atmospheric stability
The influence of property and air drag etc..In this survey region it can be seen from table 4, table 5, with the increase of zone of influence radius, WTN
The related coefficient of Flux and village and highway land area, DTN Flux and the agricultural ground area of facility shows as elder generation
It is dropped after increasing, and reaches maximum (P < 0.05) when radius is 4km；DTN Flux and the related coefficient of nonirrigated farmland area gradually increase
Greatly, and when radius reaches 4km significant (P < 0.05).With the increase of zone of influence radius, WNH4 +- N and DNH4 +- N Flux
Related coefficient with agricultural facility land used, organic town and common agriculture district land for roads area becomes larger, and when zone of influence radius is big
It is significant (P < 0.05) with agricultural facility land used correlation when 3km.WNO3 -- N, WDON and DNO3 -The Flux of-N and paddy field,
It is related (P < 0.05) that nonirrigated farmland, village and highway land area show conspicuousness, and related when zone of influence radius is 4-5km
Coefficient is maximum.With the increase of zone of influence radius, ON flux first increases with the performance of the related coefficient of village and highway land area
After drop, and related coefficient is maximum (P < 0.05) when radius is 4km.As it can be seen that when zone of influence radius is 4km, different nitrogen depositions
Significantly affected by its key land use pattern, this imply Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition mainly by local emission source i.e. from
Emission source within the scope of 4km influences.
The correlation analysis of land use area in 4 years wet nitrogen deposition flux of table and the zone of influence 1-5km
Note: WTN, the full nitrogen of wet deposition；WNH4 +- N, ammonium nitrogen wet deposition；WNO3 -- N, nitrate nitrogen wet deposition；WDON, it is solvable
Property organic wet nitrogen deposition .* indicate in the horizontal significant correlation of P=0.05；* is indicated in the extremely significant correlation of P=0.01 level.
The correlation analysis of land use area in 5 years nitrogen dry deposition f lux of table and the zone of influence 1-5km
Note: DTN, full nitrogen dry deposition；DNH4 +- N, ammonium nitrogen dry deposition；NO3 -- N, nitrate nitrogen dry deposition；DrON, organic nitrogen
Dry deposition .* is indicated in the horizontal significant correlation of P=0.05；* is indicated in the extremely significant correlation of P=0.01 level.
To sum up, it can be seen that determined using the present invention suitable for plain in west of Sichuan Agro-ecological System atmospheric sedimentation monitoring point
In method for arranging, used tool or equipment is simply easily obtained, and by being combined with land use, utilize the ground such as Arcgis
The method for managing the information related software setting zone of influence, scientifically and rationally analyzes survey region Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition and different radii shadow
The relationship within the scope of area between key land use pattern area is rung, is determined according to its correlation raw in plain in west of Sichuan agricultural
When atmospheric sedimentation monitoring point is set in state system, the distance between each monitoring point be 4km be it is the most reasonable, can not only be effectively complete
Monitor atmospheric sedimentation to face, moreover it is possible to avoid the wasting of resources.
Claims (3)
1. one kind is used for plain in west of Sichuan Agro-ecological System atmospheric sedimentation monitoring point method for arranging, which is characterized in that including following
Step:
Step 1: dried wet deposition acquisition
Survey region is divided into several functional areas, 3~6 sampled points are evenly arranged in each functional areas as initial monitor
Point, each sampled point place 3~5 wet deposition collectors, 3~5 dry deposition collectors, carry out wet deposition acquisition respectively and do
Sedimentation acquisition；
Wet deposition acquisition testing is carried out according to mensal frequency, and final wet_end addition was by 1 year average value
Standard, wet deposition collector is placed in 5m around on the ground without building or plant masking object, before rainfall, opens wet deposition acquisition
The lid of device after rainfall, measures the rain sample being collected into and measures the full nitrogen of wet deposition (WTN), ammonium nitrogen (WNH4 +- N), nitre state
Nitrogen (WNO3 -- N) and soluble organic nitrogen (WDON), then calculate wet_end addition；
Dry deposition acquisition testing is carried out according to bimonthly frequency, continues 5 days every time；Dry deposition collector be placed on ground it
High-lager building or plant masking object at upper 1.5-6m, around without eleventh floor building and the above height；Before sampling to dry deposition
Injection 1000ml deionized water keeps water to remain unchanged as collection liquid and in sampling period in the dust cylinder of collector, samples
Period meets precipitation and then stops sampling, and precipitation restores to acquire later, and records the time of each dry deposition acquisition；It is surveyed after sampling
Determine the full nitrogen of dry deposition (DTN), the ammonium nitrogen (DNH of collection liquid4 +- N), nitrate nitrogen (DNO3 -- N) and soluble organic nitrogen (DrON),
And calculate dry deposition f lux；
Step 2: dividing the land use pattern of survey region, and extracts the area data of each land use pattern
Survey region is obtained in the remote sensing image data of sampling period, and geometric calibration is carried out to data, makes pixel matching error
Narrow down to less than 0.5 pixel, then by selection training center, supervised classification, post-classification comparison, artificial correction geography information skill
Art explains, later, with reference to the statistical yearbook of survey region and the data of land use classes standard, by survey region soil
If ground is Ganlei using Type division, in conjunction with the land use pattern and spatial distribution on on-site inspection monitoring point periphery, to adopt
Sampling point is the zone of influence that 5 kinds of range scales that radius is 1km, 2km, 3km, 4km, 5km are respectively set in the center of circle, and extracts each soil
The area data of use pattern；
Step 3: the interval scale of sampled point is determined
The area of each nitrogen deposition index and all land use patterns in each zone of influence of dry deposition and wet deposition is done respectively
Correlation analysis, respectively obtain full nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and soluble organic nitrogen dried wet deposition flux and each land use
Correlation of the type area within the scope of all scale zones of influence finally determines atmospheric sedimentation monitoring in suitable survey region and adopts
The optimal interval scale of sampling point.
2. one kind as described in claim 1 is used for plain in west of Sichuan Agro-ecological System atmospheric sedimentation monitoring point method for arranging,
It is characterized in that, function distinguishing described in step 1 is intensive agricultural region and common agriculture district.
3. one kind as described in claim 1 is used for plain in west of Sichuan Agro-ecological System atmospheric sedimentation monitoring point method for arranging,
It is characterized in that, dust cylinder diameter 0.105m, the high 0.145m of the dry deposition collector, the collection liquid height of injection is 10cm.
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