CN109595107A - 用于确定电磁阀组件中磁通量和磁力的方法和装置 - Google Patents

用于确定电磁阀组件中磁通量和磁力的方法和装置 Download PDF

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CN109595107A
CN109595107A CN201811136368.5A CN201811136368A CN109595107A CN 109595107 A CN109595107 A CN 109595107A CN 201811136368 A CN201811136368 A CN 201811136368A CN 109595107 A CN109595107 A CN 109595107A
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coil
model matrix
magnetic flux
electromagnetic valve
matrix
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CN109595107B (zh
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李世芳
T·W·尼尔
S·戈帕拉克里希南
A·奥莫卡德
R·普拉萨德
C·S·纳姆杜里
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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    • HELECTRICITY
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Abstract

一种电磁阀组件包括具有芯的电磁阀致动器。线圈配置为至少部分地围绕芯缠绕,使得当电流流过线圈时,产生磁通量(φ)。电枢配置为基于磁通量(φ)可移动。控制器具有处理器和有形的非暂时性存储器,在该存储器上记录指令用于控制电磁阀组件。控制器配置为获得多个模型矩阵、线圈电流(i1)和涡电流(i2)。磁通量(φ)至少部分地基于第三模型矩阵(C0)、线圈电流(i1)和涡电流(i2)获得。至少部分地基于磁通量(φ)控制电磁阀致动器的操作。在一个实例中,电磁阀致动器为喷射器。

Description

用于确定电磁阀组件中磁通量和磁力的方法和装置
引言
本发明一般涉及电磁阀组件的控制,更具体地,涉及确定组件中的磁通量和磁力。电磁阀用于各种设备中,诸如用于车辆中的燃料喷射器。在时间上和少量紧密间隔的多次燃料喷射可以提供许多益处,包括降低的燃料渗透、改进的混合、湍流产生、更少的颗粒、改进的稳定性和用于先进的稀燃发动机的燃烧速率调节。但是,由于各种问题,这些喷射可能导致计量不准确。
发明内容
本发明公开了一种电磁阀组件和控制电磁阀组件的方法。该电磁阀组件包括具有芯的电磁阀致动器。在一个实例中,电磁阀致动器是喷射器。线圈配置成至少部分地围绕芯缠绕,使得当电流流过线圈时,产生磁通量(φ)。线圈限定线圈匝数(N)。电枢构造成可基于磁通量(φ)可移动。电枢限定位置(x)和电枢速度(dx/dt)。控制器C可操作地连接到芯并具有处理器和有形非暂时性存储器,其上存储用于控制电磁阀组件的指令。
处理器执行指令使控制器获得多个模型矩阵,包括第一模型矩阵(A0)、第二模型矩阵(B0)和第三模型矩阵(C0)。控制器配置为至少部分地基于所施加的线圈电压(V)和多个模型矩阵中的至少两个来获得(并且该方法包括获得)线圈电流(i1)和涡电流(i2)。磁通量(φ)至少部分地基于第三模型矩阵(C0)、线圈电流(i1)和涡电流(i2)获得。电磁阀致动器的操作至少部分地基于磁通量(φ)控制。控制电磁阀致动器的操作可包括控制所施加的线圈电压(V)以最小化磁通量(φ)与期望通量之间的差。在时间步长k下的磁通量(φ)可表示为:
第一模型矩阵(A0)可部分地基于中间电感(L11)、线圈匝数(N)、线圈电阻(R1)、涡电流回路电阻(R2)、采样时间(ΔT)和距离(d)获得为4×4矩阵,使得:
线圈的中间电感(L11)可以部分地基于稳态条件下的通量链(λss)和稳态条件下的线圈电流(iss),使得(L11=dλss/diss)。稳态下线圈的电感(L)可部分地基于中间电感(L11)、线圈转数(N)和表示涡电流相对于线圈的位置的距离(d)获得,使得:
第二模型矩阵(B0)可部分地基于中间电感(L11)、采样时间(ΔT)和距离(d)获得为2×2的矩阵,使得:
第三模型矩阵(C0)可部分地基于中间电感(L11)、线圈匝数(N)和距离(d)获得为2×2的矩阵,使得:
在第一实施例中,控制器配置为部分地基于第一模型矩阵(A0)、第二模型矩阵(B0)和施加的线圈电压(V)获得(以及方法包括获得)在时间步长k下的线圈电流(i1)和涡电流(i2),使得:
在第二实施例中,多个模型矩阵可包括第四模型矩阵(D0)。在第二实施例中,在时间步长k下的线圈电流(i1)和涡电流(i2)可部分地基于第一模型矩阵(A0)、第二模型矩阵(B0)、第四模型矩阵(D0)、施加的线圈电压(V)和电枢速度(dx/dt)获得,使得:
第四模型矩阵(D0)可以部分地基于中间电感(L11)、线圈匝数(N)、第一因子(g1)、第二因子(g2)、采样时间(ΔT)和距离(d)获得为2×2的矩阵,使得:
控制器配置为至少部分地基于线圈电流(i1)、第一和第二预定常数(Kf0、Kf1)获得(以及方法包括获得)增益因子(Kf)。增益因子(Kf)可表示为:
磁力(F)至少部分地基于磁通量(φ)的平方、增益因子(Kf)、预定时间常数(τ)和频率参数(s)获得,使得:
该方法确定磁通量(即,剩余能量)和驱动电枢运动的相应磁力,从而能够提高电磁阀致动器的精度。
结合附图,从以下对用于实施本发明的最佳模式的详细描述中,本发明的上述特征和优点以及其他特征和优点将变得显而易见。
附图说明
图1是具有控制器的电磁阀组件的示意性局部剖视局部视图;
图2是图1的组件的一部分的示意图;
图3是可由图1的控制器执行的方法的示意流程图;和
图4是示出测量的通量和建模的通量的曲线图,其中纵轴为磁通量并且横轴为时间。
具体实施方式
参考附图,其中相同的附图标记表示相同的部件,图1示意性地示出电磁阀组件10,其可以是设备12的一部分。设备12可以是移动平台,例如但不限于乘用车、运动型多用途车、轻型卡车、重型载重车、ATV、小型货车、公交车、运输车、自行车、机器人、农具、运动相关器材、船、飞机、火车或其他运输设备。设备12可以采用许多不同的形式,并且包括多个和/或交替的部件和设施。
图2是组件10的一部分的示意图。参照图1-2,组件10包括具有芯16的电磁阀致动器14,和线圈18,线圈18配置成至少部分地围绕芯16缠绕。当电流(E)流过线圈18时,产生磁通量贡献20(和相应的磁力)。线圈18限定线圈匝数(N)。在一个实例中,电磁阀致动器14是喷射器。应当理解,电磁阀致动器14可采用其他形式,例如但不限于制动致动器、磁流变流体阻尼器、控制阀或变速器可变力电磁阀。
参照图1和2,电磁阀致动器14包括电枢24,电枢24构造成基于磁通量贡献20(φ)可移动。电枢限定位置(x)和电枢速度(dx/dt)。芯16和电枢24可以通过气隙22分开,如图2中所示。当线圈18由电流(E)通电时,电枢24被电磁阀极吸引并沿方向26移动。参照图1,电枢24的运动克服弹簧32的弹力使阀针28从阀座30移动。这种运动允许加压流体36选择性地穿过开口34。当电激励结束时,磁通量贡献20减小,阀针28通过弹簧32的作用朝向阀座30移动,随之携带电枢24并关闭开口34。电枢24的轴向运动可受到第一止挡38和第二止挡40的限制。电枢24的运动(包括其定时)控制注入的加压流体36的量。
参照图2,涡电流42通过变化的磁场在芯16内被感应为电流回路。涡电流42在垂直于磁场的平面中以闭合回路形式流动,并为(总)磁通量(φ)提供涡电流通量贡献44。如下所述,在方法100中,涡电流42被建模为虚拟回路46(参见图2)。
参照图1,组件10包括可操作地连接到电磁阀致动器14或与电磁阀致动器14电通信的控制器C。参照图1,控制器C包括至少一个处理器P和至少一个存储器M(或非暂时性有形计算机可读存储介质),在其上记录有图2中所示用于执行方法100的指令。存储器M可存储控制器可执行指令集,并且处理器P可执行存储在存储器M中的控制器可执行指令集。
方法100允许确定磁通量,当电磁阀致动器14重新通电时指示线圈18中的剩余能量。如果电磁阀致动器14是燃料喷射器并且装置12是车辆,则方法100改善燃料经济性并减少校准时间和精力。在车辆中,在时间上和少量紧密间隔的多次燃料喷射可以提供许多益处,包括降低的燃料渗透、改进的混合、湍流产生、更少的颗粒、改进的稳定性和用于先进的稀燃发动机的燃烧速率调节。这里需要精确控制燃料喷射率以实现上述益处。然而,由于各种问题,包括喷射器动力学和感应涡电流衰减的更长时间间隔,这些喷射可能导致计量不准确。方法100允许评估和调节磁通量(和相应的磁力),这驱动电枢24的运动并最终控制燃料喷射率。
图1的控制器C被特别编程以执行方法100的步骤(如下面参考图3详细讨论的),并且可以接收来自各种传感器的输入,上述传感器包括但不限于用于测量电感、电容和电阻的各种仪表(例如,LCR计)、通量计、高斯计和本领域技术人员可用的其他设备。
现在参照图3,示出存储在图1的控制器C上并且可由图1的控制器C执行的方法100的流程图。方法100不需要以本文所述的特定顺序应用。此外,应该理解,可以省略一些步骤。
参照图3,方法100可从框102开始,其中控制器C被编程或配置为获得多个模型矩阵,包括第一模型矩阵(A0)、第二模型矩阵(B0)和第三模型矩阵(C0)。第一模型矩阵(A0)可部分地基于中间电感(L11)、线圈匝数(N)、线圈电阻(R1)、涡电流回路电阻(R2)、采样时间(ΔT)和距离(d)获得为4×4矩阵。距离(d)表示相对于线圈18建模为虚拟回路46(参见图2)的涡电流42的归一化距离。
可以使用多个参考通量分布以及它们各自的相关电压测量值来拟合模型并获得多个矩阵。参照图1和图2,组件10可包括搜索线圈50,也称为感应磁力计。搜索线圈50能够测量变化的磁通量,并且可用于产生参考通量分布。每个参考通量分布的磁通量可以至少部分地基于所施加的搜索线圈电压和搜索线圈50的匝数(Nsearch)按如下获得:
参考通量分布也可用于验证。图4是测量通量(迹线208)和建模通量(迹线206)的曲线图,其中纵轴202为磁通量(归一化)和横轴204为时间(t)。参照图4,第一次和第二次喷射分别在峰值210、212处发生。
第二模型矩阵(B0)可部分地基于中间电感(L11)、采样时间(ΔT)和距离(d)获得为2×2的矩阵,使得:
第三模型矩阵(C0)可部分地基于中间电感(L11)、线圈匝数(N)和距离(d)获得为2×2的矩阵,使得:
线圈18的中间电感(L11)可以部分地基于稳态条件下的通量链(λss)和稳态条件下的线圈电流(iss),使得(L11=dλss/diss)。控制器C可配置为部分地基于中间电感(L11)、线圈转数(N)和表示涡电流42相对于线圈18的归一化距离的距离(d)获得稳态下线圈18的电感(L),使得:
在图3的框104中,控制器C被编程为部分地基于第一模型矩阵(A0)、第二模型矩阵(B0)和施加的线圈电压(V)获得线圈电流(i1)和涡电流(i2)。在第一实施例中,线圈电流(i1)和连续时间(t)下的涡电流(i2)可以用所施加的线圈电压(V)、矩阵A和B表示如下:
控制器C可被编程为按如下在(离散)时间步长k获得线圈电流(i1)和涡电流(i2):
在第二实施例中,多个模型矩阵可包括第四模型矩阵(D0)。根据方框102,第四模型矩阵(D0)可以部分地基于中间电感(L11)、线圈匝数(N)、第一因子(g1)、第二因子(g2)、采样时间(ΔT)和距离(d)获得为2×2的矩阵,使得:
第一因子(g1)和第二因子(g2)可限定为如下(其中x是电枢位置,(λ1、λ2)分别是线圈18和涡电流42的通量链):
在第二实施例中,根据框104,控制器C可配置为部分地基于第一模型矩阵(A0)、第二模型矩阵(B0)、第四模型矩阵(D0)、施加的线圈电压(V)和电枢速度(dx/dt)在时间步长k获得线圈电流(i1)和涡电流(i2),使得:
在连续时间(t)下的线圈电流(i1)和涡电流(i2)可根据所施加的线圈电压(V)、电枢速度(dx/dt)和矩阵A、B、C和D按如下获得:
在图3的框106中,控制器C被编程为至少部分地基于第三模型矩阵(C0)、线圈电流(i1)和涡电流(i2)按如下获得在时间步长k下的(总)磁通量(φ):
在图3的框108中,控制器C被编程为至少部分地基于磁通量(φ)的平方、增益因子(Kf)、预定时间常数(τ)和频率参数(s)获得磁力(F),使得:
增益因子(Kf)至少部分地基于线圈电流(i1),以及第一和第二预定常数(Kf0、Kf1)。增益因子(Kf)可以通过如下校准已知的磁力分布来获得:
在图3的框110中,控制器C被编程为至少部分地基于磁通量(φ)(和/或磁力(F))来控制电磁阀致动器14的操作。控制电磁阀致动器14的操作可包括控制所施加的线圈电压(V)以最小化磁通量(φ)(在框106中评估)与期望通量之间的差。可以离线设置或校准期望通量。在一个实例中,期望通量基于有限元分析。控制器C(以及方法100的执行)通过使电磁阀致动器14“调谐”到期望通量来改进组件10的功能。方法100使得基于模型的校准和控制成为可能,特别是对于快速连续下,例如微米级(10-6秒)的多次喷射。
例如,控制器C可通过比例-积分-微分(PID)单元、模型预测控制单元(MPC)或其他本领域技术人员已知的闭合回路单元来调节评估通量和期望通量之间的误差。另外,控制器C可包括观察者O,例如但不限于Luenberger观察者,其结合框106和108,其中电流作为测量值。
图1的控制器C可为设备12的其他控制器的整体部分,或者为可操作地连接到设备12的其他控制器的单独模块。控制器C包括计算机可读介质(也称为处理器可读介质),计算机可读介质包括参与提供可由计算机(例如,由计算机的处理器)读取的数据(例如,指令)的非暂时性(例如,有形的)介质。这种介质可采用许多形式,包括但不限于非易失性介质和易失性介质。非易失性介质可包括,例如光盘或磁盘以及其他永久存储器。易失性介质可以包括,例如动态随机存取存储器(DRAM),其可构成主存储器。此类指令可以由一个或多个传输介质传输,上述介质包括同轴电缆、铜线和光纤,包括含耦合到计算机处理器的系统总线的电线。某些形式的计算机可读介质包括,例如软盘、可折叠磁盘、硬盘、磁带、其他磁介质、CD-ROM、DVD、其他光学介质、穿孔卡、纸带、具有孔模式的其他物理介质、RAM、PROM、EPROM、FLASH-EEPROM、其他存储芯片或盒式磁带、或计算机可以读取的其他介质。
本文描述的查找表、数据库、数据存储库或其他数据存储可包括用于存储、访问和检索各种数据的各种机制,包括分层数据库、文件系统中的文件集、专有格式的应用程序数据库、关系数据库管理系统(RDBMS)等。每个这样的数据存储可包括在采用计算机操作系统的计算设备中,例如上面提到的那些中的一个,并且可通过网络以一种或多种方式访问。文件系统可从计算机操作系统访问,并且可包括以各种格式存储的文件。除了用于创建、存储、编辑和执行存储过程的语言之外,RDBMS还可使用结构化查询语言(SQL),例如上面提到的PL/SQL语言。
详细描述和附图是对本发明的支持和描述,但是本发明的范围仅由权利要求限定。虽然已经详细描述了用于执行所要求保护的公开内容的一些最佳模式和其他实施例,但是存在用于实践所附权利要求中限定的本发明的各种替代设计和实施例。此外,附图中示出的实施例或本说明书中提到的各种实施例的特征不必须理解为彼此独立的实施例。而是,可以将实施例的一个实例中描述的每个特征与来自其他实施例的一个或多个其他期望特征组合,从而得到未在文字中或通过参考附图描述的其他实施例。因此,这些其他实施例落入所附权利要求的范围内。

Claims (10)

1.一种电磁阀组件,包括:
具有芯的电磁阀致动器;
线圈,其配置为至少部分地围绕所述芯缠绕,使得当电流流过所述线圈时,产生磁通量(φ),所述线圈限定线圈匝数(N);
电枢,其配置为基于所述磁通量(φ)可移动,所述电枢限定位置(x)和电枢速度(dx/dt);
控制器,其可操作地连接到所述线圈并具有处理器和有形的非暂时性存储器,在该存储器上记录指令,由所述处理器执行所述指令使所述控制器:
获得多个模型矩阵,包括第一模型矩阵(A0)、第二模型矩阵(B0)和第三模型矩阵(C0);
至少部分地基于所施加的线圈电压(V)和所述多个模型矩阵中的至少两个获得线圈电流(i1)和涡电流(i2);
至少部分地基于所述第三模型矩阵(C0)、所述线圈电流(i1)和所述涡电流(i2)获得所述磁通量(φ);和
至少部分地基于所述磁通量(φ)控制所述电磁阀致动器的操作。
2.如权利要求1所述的组件,其中,控制所述电磁阀致动器的操作包括:
控制所施加的线圈电压(V)以最小化所述磁通量(φ)与期望通量之间的差,在时间步长k下的所述磁通量(φ)表示为:
3.如权利要求1所述的组件,其中:
所述第一模型矩阵(A0)部分地基于中间电感(L11)、所述线圈匝数(N)、线圈电阻(R1)、涡电流回路电阻(R2)、采样时间(ΔT)和距离(d)为4×4矩阵,使得:
4.如权利要求1所述的组件,其中:
所述第二模型矩阵(B0)部分地基于中间电感(L11)、采样时间(ΔT)和距离(d)为2×2的矩阵,使得:
5.如权利要求1所述的组件,其中:
所述第三模型矩阵(C0)部分地基于中间电感(L11)、所述线圈匝数(N)和距离(d)为2×2的矩阵,使得:
6.如权利要求1所述的组件,其中:所述控制器配置为:部分地基于所述第一模型矩阵(A0)、所述第二模型矩阵(B0)和所施加的线圈电压(V)获得在时间步长k下的所述线圈电流(i1)和所述涡电流(i2),使得:
7.如权利要求1所述的组件,其中:
所述多个模型矩阵包括第四模型矩阵(D0);以及
所述控制器配置为在时间步长k下的所述线圈电流(i1)和所述涡电流(i2)部分地基于所述第一模型矩阵(A0)、所述第二模型矩阵(B0)、所述第四模型矩阵(D0)、所施加的线圈电压(V)和所述电枢速度(dx/dt)获得,使得:
8.如权利要求7所述的组件,其中:
所述第四模型矩阵(D0)部分地基于中间电感(L11)、所述线圈匝数(N)、第一因子(g1)、第二因子(g2)、采样时间(ΔT)和距离(d)为2×2的矩阵,使得:
9.如权利要求1所述的组件,其中:所述控制器进一步配置为:
至少部分地基于线圈电流(i1)、第一和第二预定常数(Kf0、Kf1)通过所述控制器获得增益因子(Kf),所述增益因子(Kf)表示为以及
至少部分地基于所述磁通量(φ)的平方、所述增益因子(Kf)、所述预定时间常数(τ)和频率参数(s)获得磁力(F),使得:
10.一种控制电磁阀组件的操作的方法,该电磁阀组件包括具有芯的电磁阀致动器;线圈,其配置为至少部分地围绕所述芯缠绕,使得当电流流过所述线圈时,产生磁通量(φ),所述线圈限定线圈匝数(N);电枢,其配置为基于所述磁通量(φ)可移动;以及控制器,其具有处理器和有形的非暂时性存储器,在该存储器上记录指令,所述方法包括:
获得多个模型矩阵,包括第一模型矩阵(A0)、第二模型矩阵(B0)和第三模型矩阵(C0);
至少部分地基于所施加的线圈电压(V)和所述多个模型矩阵获得线圈电流(i1)和涡电流(i2);
至少部分地基于所述第三模型矩阵(C0)、所述线圈电流(i1)和所述涡电流(i2)获得所述磁通量(φ);和
至少部分地基于所述磁通量(φ)控制所述电磁阀致动器的操作。
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