CN109593264A - A kind of durable photodegradation film and its production method of low-transmittance - Google Patents
A kind of durable photodegradation film and its production method of low-transmittance Download PDFInfo
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- C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
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- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/14—Greenhouses
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- C08J2323/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2323/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
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- C08J2423/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2423/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
- C08J2423/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the durable photodegradation films and its production method of a kind of low-transmittance, belong to degradation plastic mulch product technique field.The durable photodegradation film of the low-transmittance includes the following raw material in parts by weight: 30-50 parts of linear low density polyethylene resin 7042；50-70 parts of linear low density polyethylene resin 0218D；0.5-1 parts of photosensitizer；1.5-6 parts of age resister；0.5-1 parts of dispersing agent；0.5-2 parts of emulsifier；5-15 parts of starch.Wherein, photosensitizer is manganese stearate；Dispersing agent is erucyl amide；Emulsifier is fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, and starch is cornstarch.The present invention solves common ground film white pollution problems, the murder by poisoning of weed removal mulch film pesticide residue and pollution problem are also solved simultaneously, mulch is shining upon lower molecular weight as the propulsion of time is greatly reduced, finally disappearance in the soil, it is at low cost relative to Biodegradable films, it is truly realized quality-high and inexpensive, environmentally friendly.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to degradation plastic mulch product technique fields, and in particular to a kind of durable light degradation of low-transmittance
Film and its production method.
Background technique
Application of membrane is to introduce from Japan within 1979, and be widely used and popular, and large-scale application is in agricultural.
The area of mulch application at present is advanced by leaps and bounds in development in 40 years, and the development of agricultural is supported to perform meritorious deeds never to be obliterated.
Covering with ground sheeting can increase crop yield and economic benefit in there is heat preservation soil moisture conservation on crop.According to related agricultural
Department's investigation, plastic mulching cultivation technology makes China crops generally increase production 30%-50%, while peasant is also increased income.Mulch
Type can be divided into common ground film, weed removal mulch film, Biodegradable mulch, photodegradation film etc., and each mulch respectively has its advantage and disadvantage.Commonly
Mulch is most widely used, although stability is preferable, not cracky can preferably promote crop growth, prolonged application in
White pollution is caused in soil, therefore is all badly in need of the degradative plastic film of environmental protection in production application, when research degradative plastic film becomes new
For the theme of the new period, Biodegradable films higher cost and degradation time is slightly fast can only be used on certain crop, be removed
Pesticide residue and mulch residual also bring certain murder by poisoning and white pollution in the film of meadow.There is an urgent need to can promote farming in production
Object growth, mulch at a low price, environmentally friendly.
Polyethylene is the primary raw material of mulch production, has good, nontoxic, the inexpensive feature of chemical stability, current big portion
The mulch raw material for dividing production estimation to use are exactly polyethylene, and covering with ground sheeting is effectively reduced the step in traditional agriculture production
Suddenly, as labor cost constantly rises, light and simple cultivation technique is the developing direction of the new period, and degradative plastic film can effectively subtract
The cost and production management cost of few manual recovery mulch.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problems, such as that the above all types of mulches exist, the present invention provides a kind of work for having basic heat preservation soil moisture conservation
With, while changing above the roughly the same mulch light transmittance of the mulches such as original common ground film, Biodegradable mulch, weed removal mulch film
The light transmittance for becoming type mulch reduces irradiation and other active forces of long-term sunlight, destructively film chemical stability, loses basic
Mechanical performance, the durable photodegradation film and its production method of a kind of compound low-transmittance of aging occurs, to solve to drop
The problems such as solving time, production cost, environmental protection.
To achieve the above object, The technical solution adopted by the invention is as follows:
A kind of durable photodegradation film of low-transmittance, including the following raw material in parts by weight:
7042 30-50 parts of linear low density polyethylene resin；
50-70 parts of linear low density polyethylene resin 0218D；
0.5-1 parts of photosensitizer；
1.5-6 parts of age resister；
0.5-1 parts of dispersing agent；
0.5-2 parts of emulsifier；
5-15 parts of starch.
It is further preferred that the durable photodegradation film of the low-transmittance, including in parts by weight as
Lower raw material:
7,042 30 parts of linear low density polyethylene resin；
70 parts of linear low density polyethylene resin 0218D；
1 part of photosensitizer；
6 parts of age resister；
1 part of dispersing agent；
0.5 part of emulsifier；
5 parts of starch.
It is further preferred that the durable photodegradation film of the low-transmittance, including in parts by weight as
Lower raw material:
7,042 40 parts of linear low density polyethylene resin；
60 parts of linear low density polyethylene resin 0218D；
0.5 part of photosensitizer；
4.5 parts of age resister；
1 part of dispersing agent；
1 part of emulsifier；
10 parts of starch.
It is further preferred that the durable photodegradation film of the low-transmittance, including in parts by weight as
Lower raw material:
7,042 45 parts of linear low density polyethylene resin；
55 parts of linear low density polyethylene resin 0218D；
0.5 part of photosensitizer；
3 parts of age resister；
0.5 part of dispersing agent；
1.5 parts of emulsifier；
10 parts of starch.
It is further preferred that the durable photodegradation film of the low-transmittance, including in parts by weight as
Lower raw material:
7,042 50 parts of linear low density polyethylene resin；
50 parts of linear low density polyethylene resin 0218D；
1 part of photosensitizer；
1.5 parts of age resister；
0.5 part of dispersing agent；
2 parts of emulsifier；
15 parts of starch.
It is further preferred that the photosensitizer is manganese stearate；The dispersing agent is erucyl amide；Described
Emulsifier is fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, and the starch is cornstarch.
It is further preferred that age resister is by antioxidant, Benzotriazole Ultraviolet Stabilizer and composite high-molecular amount
Hindered amine light stabilizer mixes, mass ratio 0.5-2:0.5-2:0.5-2.
It is further preferred that the antioxidant is IragnoxB225, the benzotriazole ultraviolet radiation absorption
Agent is Tinuvin783, and the composite high-molecular amount hindered amine light stabilizer is Tinuvin329.
Present invention simultaneously provides the production methods of the durable photodegradation film of above-mentioned low-transmittance, and steps are as follows:
In batch mixer, it is first put into linear low density polyethylene resin 7042 and linear low density polyethylene resin 0218D stirring
After uniformly, it is put into photosensitizer, age resister, dispersing agent, emulsifier and starch, batch mixer is sufficiently mixed to obtain mixture, uses
Mulch blow moulding machine is blow molded into the durable photodegradation film of low-transmittance.
It is further preferred that heating temperature is 165 DEG C when mulch blow moulding machine is blow molded.
Mulch blow moulding machine of the present invention be single-screw rod-type Shandong hat SJ-65 type, 38 hertz of revolving speed.
Polyethylene plastic products are in the case where shining upon, it is easy to cause aging, molecular weight is damaged and sharply reduces, and causes ground
The upper demand of production is not achieved in membrane degradation excessive velocities.Benzotriazole Ultraviolet Stabilizer Tinuvin329 can absorb 270-
The ultraviolet light of 340nm is protected polymer from the radiation of ultraviolet light, can be used in mixed way with other additives, and compatibility is good, with
Hindered amine light stabilizer is used in mixed way effect clearly.Tinuvin783 is a kind of composite high-molecular amount for having synergistic effect
Hindered amine light stabilizer, light stablizing effect is excellent, there is good uvioresistant stablizing effect, it be Chimassorb944 and
The mixture of Tinuvin622, being particularly suitable for low density polyethylene (LDPE), linear low density polyethylene, density polyethylene film with high makes
With.IragnoxB225 is binary classics compound antioxidant, and wherein steric hindrance phenol content is higher, emphasizes long-term stability, the change of color
Change small.Therefore addition three of the above substance age resister can more persistently protect polyethylene, can have more stability outdoor.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the advantages that:
1, common ground film white pollution problems are solved, while also solving the murder by poisoning of weed removal mulch film pesticide residue and pollution problem, mulch
Lower molecular weight is being shined upon as the propulsion of time is greatly reduced, finally disappearance in the soil, relative to biodegrade
Cost is relatively low for film, is truly realized quality-high and inexpensive, environmentally friendly.
2, (with a thickness of 0.010-0.012 mm, light transmittance reduces ultraviolet light less than 50%) to the photodegradation film of low-transmittance
It absorbs, slows down Plastic-film disintegration speed, mulch is more durable, and degradation time can double left and right.
3, the photodegradation film of low-transmittance has the effect of inhibiting weed growth.
4, the release that can reduce pesticide and fertilizer reduces the destruction of environmental ecology.
5, heat preservation soil moisture conservation, retain water and nutrients, reduce labour and production cost, are really achieved light letter and efficiently make
With.
6, crop yield, additional income are improved, the multiple kinds of crops such as sugarcane, vegetables are mainly used for.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
It will be understood to those of skill in the art that the following example is merely to illustrate the present invention, and it should not be regarded as limiting this hair
Bright range.In the examples where no specific technique or condition is specified, described technology or conditions according to the literature in the art
Or it is carried out according to product description.Production firm person is not specified in material therefor or equipment, is that can be obtained by purchase
Conventional products.
Embodiment 1
A kind of durable photodegradation film of low-transmittance, including the following raw material in parts by weight:
7,042 30 parts of linear low density polyethylene resin；
50 parts of linear low density polyethylene resin 0218D；
0.5 part of photosensitizer；
1.5 parts of age resister；
0.5 part of dispersing agent；
0.5 part of emulsifier；
5 parts of starch.
The production method of the durable photodegradation film of the present embodiment low-transmittance, steps are as follows:
In batch mixer, it is first put into linear low density polyethylene resin 7042 and linear low density polyethylene resin 0218D stirring
After uniformly, it is put into photosensitizer, age resister, dispersing agent, emulsifier and starch, batch mixer is sufficiently mixed to obtain mixture, uses
Mulch blow moulding machine is blow molded into the durable photodegradation film of low-transmittance.
Embodiment 2
A kind of durable photodegradation film of low-transmittance, including the following raw material in parts by weight:
7,042 50 parts of linear low density polyethylene resin；
70 parts of linear low density polyethylene resin 0218D；
1 part of photosensitizer；
6 parts of age resister；
1 part of dispersing agent；
2 parts of emulsifier；
15 parts of starch.
Age resister is mixed by antioxidant, Benzotriazole Ultraviolet Stabilizer and composite high-molecular amount hindered amine light stabilizer
It closes, mass ratio 0.5:2:0.5.
The production method of the durable photodegradation film of the present embodiment low-transmittance, steps are as follows:
In batch mixer, it is first put into linear low density polyethylene resin 7042 and linear low density polyethylene resin 0218D stirring
After uniformly, it is put into photosensitizer, age resister, dispersing agent, emulsifier and starch, batch mixer is sufficiently mixed to obtain mixture, uses
Mulch blow moulding machine is blow molded into the durable photodegradation film of low-transmittance.
Embodiment 3
A kind of durable photodegradation film of low-transmittance, including the following raw material in parts by weight:
7,042 40 parts of linear low density polyethylene resin；
60 parts of linear low density polyethylene resin 0218D；
0.8 part of photosensitizer；
4 parts of age resister；
0.7 part of dispersing agent；
1.5 parts of emulsifier；
10 parts of starch.
Age resister is mixed by antioxidant, Benzotriazole Ultraviolet Stabilizer and composite high-molecular amount hindered amine light stabilizer
It closes, mass ratio 2:0.5:2.
The production method of the durable photodegradation film of the present embodiment low-transmittance, steps are as follows:
In batch mixer, it is first put into linear low density polyethylene resin 7042 and linear low density polyethylene resin 0218D stirring
After uniformly, it is put into photosensitizer, age resister, dispersing agent, emulsifier and starch, batch mixer is sufficiently mixed to obtain mixture, uses
Mulch blow moulding machine is blow molded into the durable photodegradation film of low-transmittance.
Embodiment 4
A kind of durable photodegradation film of low-transmittance, including the following raw material in parts by weight:
7,042 30 parts of linear low density polyethylene resin；
70 parts of linear low density polyethylene resin 0218D；
1 part of photosensitizer；
6 parts of age resister；
1 part of dispersing agent；
0.5 part of emulsifier；
5 parts of starch.
The photosensitizer is manganese stearate；The dispersing agent is erucyl amide；The emulsifier is poly alkyl alcohol
Ethylene oxide ether, the starch are cornstarch.
Age resister is mixed by antioxidant, Benzotriazole Ultraviolet Stabilizer and composite high-molecular amount hindered amine light stabilizer
It closes, mass ratio 0.8:1:1.5.
The antioxidant is IragnoxB225, and the Benzotriazole Ultraviolet Stabilizer is Tinuvin783, institute
The composite high-molecular amount hindered amine light stabilizer stated is Tinuvin329.
The production method of the durable photodegradation film of the present embodiment low-transmittance, steps are as follows:
In batch mixer, it is first put into linear low density polyethylene resin 7042 and linear low density polyethylene resin 0218D stirring
After uniformly, it is put into photosensitizer, age resister, dispersing agent, emulsifier and starch, batch mixer is sufficiently mixed to obtain mixture, uses
Mulch blow moulding machine is blow molded into the durable photodegradation film of low-transmittance.
Heating temperature is 165 DEG C when mulch blow moulding machine is blow molded.
Embodiment 5
A kind of durable photodegradation film of low-transmittance, including the following raw material in parts by weight:
7,042 40 parts of linear low density polyethylene resin；
60 parts of linear low density polyethylene resin 0218D；
0.5 part of photosensitizer；
4.5 parts of age resister；
1 part of dispersing agent；
1 part of emulsifier；
10 parts of starch.
The photosensitizer is manganese stearate；The dispersing agent is erucyl amide；The emulsifier is poly alkyl alcohol
Ethylene oxide ether, the starch are cornstarch.
Age resister is mixed by antioxidant, Benzotriazole Ultraviolet Stabilizer and composite high-molecular amount hindered amine light stabilizer
It closes, mass ratio 2:1:0.5.
The antioxidant is IragnoxB225, and the Benzotriazole Ultraviolet Stabilizer is Tinuvin783, institute
The composite high-molecular amount hindered amine light stabilizer stated is Tinuvin329.
The production method of the durable photodegradation film of the present embodiment low-transmittance, steps are as follows:
In batch mixer, it is first put into linear low density polyethylene resin 7042 and linear low density polyethylene resin 0218D stirring
After uniformly, it is put into photosensitizer, age resister, dispersing agent, emulsifier and starch, batch mixer is sufficiently mixed to obtain mixture, uses
Mulch blow moulding machine is blow molded into the durable photodegradation film of low-transmittance.
Embodiment 6
A kind of durable photodegradation film of low-transmittance, including the following raw material in parts by weight:
7,042 45 parts of linear low density polyethylene resin；
55 parts of linear low density polyethylene resin 0218D；
0.5 part of photosensitizer；
3 parts of age resister；
0.5 part of dispersing agent；
1.5 parts of emulsifier；
10 parts of starch.
The photosensitizer is manganese stearate；The dispersing agent is erucyl amide；The emulsifier is poly alkyl alcohol
Ethylene oxide ether, the starch are cornstarch.
Age resister is mixed by antioxidant, Benzotriazole Ultraviolet Stabilizer and composite high-molecular amount hindered amine light stabilizer
It closes, mass ratio 0.7:1.3:0.9.
The antioxidant is IragnoxB225, and the Benzotriazole Ultraviolet Stabilizer is Tinuvin783, institute
The composite high-molecular amount hindered amine light stabilizer stated is Tinuvin329.
The production method of the durable photodegradation film of the present embodiment low-transmittance, steps are as follows:
In batch mixer, it is first put into linear low density polyethylene resin 7042 and linear low density polyethylene resin 0218D stirring
After uniformly, it is put into photosensitizer, age resister, dispersing agent, emulsifier and starch, batch mixer is sufficiently mixed to obtain mixture, uses
Mulch blow moulding machine is blow molded into the durable photodegradation film of low-transmittance.
Embodiment 7
A kind of durable photodegradation film of low-transmittance, including the following raw material in parts by weight:
7,042 50 parts of linear low density polyethylene resin；
50 parts of linear low density polyethylene resin 0218D；
1 part of photosensitizer；
1.5 parts of age resister；
0.5 part of dispersing agent；
2 parts of emulsifier；
15 parts of starch.
The photosensitizer is manganese stearate；The dispersing agent is erucyl amide；The emulsifier is poly alkyl alcohol
Ethylene oxide ether, the starch are cornstarch.
Age resister is mixed by antioxidant, Benzotriazole Ultraviolet Stabilizer and composite high-molecular amount hindered amine light stabilizer
It closes, mass ratio 1:1:1.
The antioxidant is IragnoxB225, and the Benzotriazole Ultraviolet Stabilizer is Tinuvin783, institute
The composite high-molecular amount hindered amine light stabilizer stated is Tinuvin329.
The production method of the durable photodegradation film of the present embodiment low-transmittance, steps are as follows:
In batch mixer, it is first put into linear low density polyethylene resin 7042 and linear low density polyethylene resin 0218D stirring
After uniformly, it is put into photosensitizer, age resister, dispersing agent, emulsifier and starch, batch mixer is sufficiently mixed to obtain mixture, uses
Mulch blow moulding machine is blow molded into the durable photodegradation film of low-transmittance.
Heating temperature is 165 DEG C when mulch blow moulding machine is blow molded.
The process that mulch blow moulding machine of the present invention is blow molded into the durable photodegradation film of low-transmittance includes heating, plasticizing, squeezes
Pressure, blow molding, traction, rewinding and packaging process.
It is directed to light transmittance, it is due to it that the present invention, which selects linear low density polyethylene resin 0218D as main addition,
Itself exist 25.0 μm of muddiness, have good heat resistance and cold resistance, chemical stability is good, rigidity also with higher with
Toughness, mechanical strength are good.Dielectric properties, environmental stress crack resistance are also preferable.Muddy increase is to infrared ray, ultraviolet radiator etc.
Absorption opposite reduce.Starch is added in the inventive solutions simultaneously and other powder additives adjust light transmittance
Section.And existing product single use linear low density polyethylene resin 7042 is difficult to solve to use the time as caused by its brittleness
The problem of greatly reducing.
Meanwhile the present invention does following comparative experiments, as shown in table 1.1 ~ No. 6 product is not use 0218D, and age resister
It is changed to and does not add age resister, magnesium stearate, zinc stearate, calcium stearate, barium stearate, odium stearate (being powdery),
Remaining is all identical as embodiment 4.No. 7 products are not use 0218D, and have adjusted the dosage of starch, remaining and all phases of embodiment 4
Together.8 ~ No. 11 products do not use age resister, dispersing agent, emulsifier and starch, while having adjusted the dosage of 0218D and 7042,
Remaining is all identical as embodiment 4.12 ~ No. 16 products do not use 0218D, and have adjusted the dosage of age resister, remaining and implementation
Example 4 is all identical.No. 17 products are 4 product of embodiment.The transparency of 1 ~ No. 17 product is tested, as a result such as table 1.
Table 1
From table 1 it follows that the effect of product of the present invention is superior to the effect of contrast product, and it can be seen that the present invention is each
The synergistic effect of component is obvious.Meanwhile the present invention has found during the experiment, the dosage of age resister is more than that the present invention is protected
Range, then the product obtained can stick together, be unfavorable for using.
The basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention have been shown and described above.The technology of the industry
Personnel are it should be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and the above embodiments and description only describe this
The principle of invention, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, various changes and improvements may be made to the invention, these changes
Change and improvement all fall within the protetion scope of the claimed invention.The claimed scope of the invention by appended claims and its
Equivalent thereof.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of durable photodegradation film of low-transmittance, which is characterized in that including the following raw material in parts by weight:
7042 30-50 parts of linear low density polyethylene resin；
50-70 parts of linear low density polyethylene resin 0218D；
0.5-1 parts of photosensitizer；
1.5-6 parts of age resister；
0.5-1 parts of dispersing agent；
0.5-2 parts of emulsifier；
5-15 parts of starch.
2. the durable photodegradation film of low-transmittance according to claim 1, which is characterized in that including according to parts by weight
The following raw material of meter:
7,042 30 parts of linear low density polyethylene resin；
70 parts of linear low density polyethylene resin 0218D；
1 part of photosensitizer；
6 parts of age resister；
1 part of dispersing agent；
0.5 part of emulsifier；
5 parts of starch.
3. the durable photodegradation film of low-transmittance according to claim 1, which is characterized in that including according to parts by weight
The following raw material of meter:
7,042 40 parts of linear low density polyethylene resin；
60 parts of linear low density polyethylene resin 0218D；
0.5 part of photosensitizer；
4.5 parts of age resister；
1 part of dispersing agent；
1 part of emulsifier；
10 parts of starch.
4. the durable photodegradation film of low-transmittance according to claim 1, which is characterized in that including according to parts by weight
The following raw material of meter:
7,042 45 parts of linear low density polyethylene resin；
55 parts of linear low density polyethylene resin 0218D；
0.5 part of photosensitizer；
3 parts of age resister；
0.5 part of dispersing agent；
1.5 parts of emulsifier；
10 parts of starch.
5. the durable photodegradation film of low-transmittance according to claim 1, which is characterized in that including according to parts by weight
The following raw material of meter:
7,042 50 parts of linear low density polyethylene resin；
50 parts of linear low density polyethylene resin 0218D；
1 part of photosensitizer；
1.5 parts of age resister；
0.5 part of dispersing agent；
2 parts of emulsifier；
15 parts of starch.
6. the durable photodegradation film of low-transmittance according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the photosensitizer is hard
Resin acid manganese；The dispersing agent is erucyl amide；The emulsifier is fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, and the starch is corn
Starch.
7. the durable photodegradation film of low-transmittance described in any one according to claim 1 ~ 6, which is characterized in that anti-aging
Agent is mixed by antioxidant, Benzotriazole Ultraviolet Stabilizer and composite high-molecular amount hindered amine light stabilizer, mass ratio
For 0.5-2:0.5-2:0.5-2.
8. the durable photodegradation film of low-transmittance according to claim 7, which is characterized in that the antioxidant is
IragnoxB225, the Benzotriazole Ultraviolet Stabilizer are Tinuvin783, the composite high-molecular amount hindered amine
Light stabilizer is Tinuvin329.
9. the production method of the durable photodegradation film of low-transmittance described in claim 1 ~ 6,8 any one, feature exist
In steps are as follows:
In batch mixer, it is first put into linear low density polyethylene resin 7042 and linear low density polyethylene resin 0218D stirring
After uniformly, it is put into photosensitizer, age resister, dispersing agent, emulsifier and starch, batch mixer is sufficiently mixed to obtain mixture, uses
Mulch blow moulding machine is blow molded into the durable photodegradation film of low-transmittance.
10. the production method of the durable photodegradation film of low-transmittance as claimed in claim 9, which is characterized in that mulch blow molding
Heating temperature is 165 DEG C when machine is blow molded.
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| EP1022294A1 (en) * | 1999-01-25 | 2000-07-26 | Worlée-Chemie G.m.b.H. | Graft polymer based on starch, process for its preparation and its use as printing ink and overprinting varnish |
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