CN109591783B - Temperature control device for vehicle brake - Google Patents
Temperature control device for vehicle brake Download PDFInfo
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- CN109591783B CN109591783B CN201811472846.XA CN201811472846A CN109591783B CN 109591783 B CN109591783 B CN 109591783B CN 201811472846 A CN201811472846 A CN 201811472846A CN 109591783 B CN109591783 B CN 109591783B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T5/00—Vehicle modifications to facilitate cooling of brakes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T17/00—Component parts, details, or accessories of power brake systems not covered by groups B60T8/00, B60T13/00 or B60T15/00, or presenting other characteristic features
- B60T17/18—Safety devices; Monitoring
- B60T17/22—Devices for monitoring or checking brake systems; Signal devices
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- Braking Arrangements (AREA)
- Valves And Accessory Devices For Braking Systems (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a vehicle brake temperature control device, which comprises a temperature detection unit, a control unit, a temperature control feedback unit and a result output module, wherein the temperature detection unit is used for detecting the temperature information of the outer surface of a brake of a vehicle; the control unit is used for receiving relevant parameter information of the vehicle and the brake, road environment parameter information and brake outer surface temperature information, and obtaining brake working temperature information and temperature variation of the vehicle in the braking process; the temperature control feedback unit is used for receiving the brake working temperature information and cooling the brake of the vehicle under the condition that the brake working temperature information reaches a set temperature threshold; and the result output module displays the temperature variation. The brake temperature intelligent monitoring and cooling device has the advantages of low cost, high practicability and feasibility and good implementation effect, can monitor the temperature in real time and early warn in time in the vehicle braking process, and prevents the brake from overhigh temperature, thereby reducing the accident rate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a vehicle safety monitoring and cooling device, in particular to a vehicle brake temperature control device.
Background
Road freight transportation is one of the main modes of modern transportation, and trucks are one of the main transportation means for road freight transportation. At present, some unstable vehicle safety factors still exist in the process of truck transportation, such as: the problems of brake failure and the like are easily caused by clutch slip, clutch shaking, brake abrasion and overhigh brake temperature, so that the safety problems of some vehicles in the freight transportation process are particularly necessary.
In recent years, brake failure accounts for over 90% of mechanical failures in analysis of causes of truck traffic accidents. According to investigation, in 2014, the number of accidents and the number of death caused by the collision of large and above-grade commercial vehicles respectively account for 73.3 percent and 70 percent of the total annual amount, and the year-on-year rate is increased by 3.9 percent and 3.2 percent. Among them, the traffic accident caused by the safety factor of the brake has reached 3%, and the reason for analyzing the traffic accident is mainly that: during the running of the vehicle, the brake is overheated to cause the brake to fail.
When the cargo vehicle runs on a long downhill road section of a mountain road, the load of the brake is increased due to frequent braking or continuous braking, and the heat fading phenomenon is very easy to occur, so that the performance of the brake is influenced, the braking distance of the vehicle is greatly increased, and great influence is brought to the driving braking safety. Therefore, the temperature rise condition of the brake is researched, the temperature information of the friction lining of the brake shoe is monitored in real time, the temperature information of the friction lining is transmitted to a driver in time, the temperature of the friction lining is controlled below the driving safety temperature, the heat fading phenomenon of the braking efficiency is effectively reduced, the brake has enough braking efficiency during braking, and the brake has important significance on a cargo vehicle provided with the brake.
At present, the temperature of the brake is researched and calculated under the experimental condition or under a certain application condition, and the actual application working environment and condition of the brake cannot be reflected. In essence, the brake works in a wide variety of environments and conditions, and it is difficult to perform a simulation that meets the actual conditions. Moreover, the study and calculation of the temperature of the brake also involve the establishment of mathematical models, which are inevitably simplified in the derivation process, but the obtained results need to be accumulated again into complex models, and this method also lacks effective practicability. Furthermore, the newly modified partial brake has the defects of inconvenient installation, large modification on the vehicle, high cost, low reliability and the like, and is difficult to popularize and apply.
Disclosure of Invention
It is an object of the present invention to provide a vehicle brake temperature control device that overcomes or at least mitigates at least one of the above-mentioned disadvantages of the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a vehicle brake temperature control device, which includes a temperature detection unit, a control unit, a temperature control feedback unit and a result output module, wherein the temperature detection unit is configured to detect and output temperature information of an outer surface of a brake of a vehicle; the control unit is used for receiving relevant parameter information of a vehicle and a brake, road environment parameter information and outer surface temperature information of the brake, obtaining working temperature information of the brake and temperature variation of the vehicle in the braking process and outputting the working temperature information and the temperature variation; the temperature control feedback unit is used for receiving the brake working temperature information and cooling a brake of a vehicle under the condition that the brake working temperature information reaches a set temperature threshold; and the result output module receives and displays the temperature variation.
Further, the control unit includes a parameter input module and a data calculation module, wherein the vehicle and brake related parameter information, road environment parameter information, and the brake outer surface temperature information are input to the data calculation module via the parameter input module; the data calculation module is internally provided with the following formula (1), and the temperature variation is calculated and obtained according to the formula (1):
in the formula (1), Q1Indicating the heat generated by the friction of the brake; q2Representing the convective heat dissipation capacity of the brake drum; q3Representing the amount of radiation heat dissipated between the brake drum and the rim; m is1Representing the mass of the brake drum in the brake; m is2Representing the mass of the brake shoe friction lining in the brake; c. C1Indicating the specific heat capacity of a brake drum in the brake; c. C2Indicating the specific heat capacity of the brake shoe friction lining in the brake.
Further, the heat Q generated by the friction of the brake1Is expressed as formula (2):
in the formula (2), M represents the total mass of the vehicle; v. of1An initial speed representing a braking process of the vehicle; v. of2Representing the final speed of the vehicle braking process; g represents the gravitational acceleration; i represents the gradient of a longitudinal slope of the road, the downhill section takes "+", and the uphill section takes "-"; f represents a rolling resistance coefficient of a wheel of the vehicle; xZIndicating the braking distance of the vehicle.
Go toStep, the convective heat dissipation Q of the brake drum2Is expressed as formula (3):
Q2＝hS(tw-tf) (3)
in the formula (3), h represents a convective heat transfer coefficient; s represents the area of the outer surface of the brake drum in direct contact with the sweepback fluid; t is twIndicating the temperature of the outer surface of the brake drum; t is tfIndicating the temperature of the sweep fluid.
Further, the radiation heat quantity Q between the brake drum and the rim3Is expressed as formula (4):
Q3＝Ra1S1-θ1，2Ra2S2(4)
in the formula (4), S1Representing the outer surface area of the brake drum; s2Representing the inner surface area of the rim; ra1Representing the effective radiation of the outer surface of the brake drum; ra2Representing the effective radiation of the inner surface of the rim; theta1，2Representing the radiative heat transfer angular coefficient.
Further, the temperature detection unit comprises a K-type thermocouple and an infrared thermal imaging device; the K-type thermocouple is started under the condition that a vehicle normally runs, the temperature information of the outer surface of the brake is detected by the K-type thermocouple, and the temperature information of the outer surface of the brake is used as the working temperature information of the brake; the infrared thermal imaging device is started under the condition that the vehicle is frequently braked or is in a brake state for a long time, the infrared thermal imaging device detects the temperature information of the outer surface of the brake, and the working temperature information of the brake is obtained.
Furthermore, the temperature control feedback unit comprises a water spraying tank control valve, a water flowing pipe assembly and a water spraying nozzle, the water flowing pipe assembly is connected with the water tank and the water spraying nozzle, the water spraying nozzle is arranged above a brake drum of the brake, an opening of the water spraying nozzle faces the brake drum, and the water spraying tank control valve is arranged on the water flowing pipe assembly; and under the condition that the working temperature information of the brake reaches the set temperature threshold value, the water spraying tank control valve controls the fluid communication between the water tank and the water spraying nozzle, so that the liquid in the water tank is sprayed on the outer surface of the brake drum through the water spraying nozzle.
Further, vehicle brake temperature control device still includes audible alarm ware, stopper operating temperature information with the temperature variation via on-vehicle controller is given in the transmission of temperature detecting element, again by on-vehicle controller transmits for audible alarm ware and on-vehicle display screen stopper operating temperature information reaches under the condition of settlement temperature threshold the audible alarm ware opens.
The brake temperature intelligent monitoring and cooling device has the advantages of low cost, high practicability and feasibility and good implementation effect, can monitor the temperature in real time and early warn in time in the vehicle braking process, and prevents the brake from overhigh temperature, thereby reducing the accident rate. The temperature control device of the vehicle brake provided by the invention can be widely applied to the transportation process of trucks.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle brake temperature control device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic data processing flow diagram of the parameter input module, the data calculation module, and the result output module shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a brake provided by an embodiment of the present invention via a simplified physical model;
FIG. 4 is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of the brake shown in FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating a heat exchange manner between the brake and the outside according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the operating principle of the vehicle brake temperature control device shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the assembly of FIG. 6 in an installed condition;
fig. 8 is a graph of brake cooling provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals are used to denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the vehicle brake temperature control device provided by the present embodiment includes a temperature detection unit 1, a control unit 2, a temperature control feedback unit 3 and a result output module 4, wherein the temperature detection unit 1 is used for detecting and outputting brake outer surface temperature information T1 of a vehicle, the control unit 2 is used for receiving relevant parameter information of the vehicle and a brake, road environment parameter information and brake outer surface temperature information T1, obtaining brake working temperature information T2 and temperature variation △ T of the vehicle during braking, and outputting the brake working temperature information T3526, the temperature control feedback unit 3 is used for receiving the brake working temperature information T2 and cooling the brake of the vehicle when the brake working temperature information T2 reaches a set temperature threshold, and the result output module 4 receives the temperature variation △ T and externally displays the temperature variation △ T.
When braking is performed during the driving process of a vehicle, as shown in fig. 3, friction occurs between the inner surface of a brake drum 71 in a brake and a brake shoe friction lining 72, a large amount of heat is generated, a part of the heat disappears through different ways, the rest of the heat is accumulated inside the brake shoe and the brake drum, and the heat is continuously increased, so that the temperature of the brake drum and the temperature of the brake shoe are gradually increased.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the control unit 2 comprises a parameter input module 21 and a data calculation module 22, wherein,
the vehicle and brake related parameter information, the road environment parameter information, and the brake outer surface temperature information T1 are input to the parameter input module 21. Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, the relevant parameter information of the vehicle and the brake includes a vehicle physical parameter and a brake parameter. The vehicle physical parameter information includes vehicle type, load, size, etc. The brake parameters include the type parameter of the brake, and the embodiment describes the vehicle brake temperature control device as a drum brake, but is not limited to the drum brake. The road environment parameter information includes an ambient temperature, humidity, and the like. The temperature and humidity can adopt a humiture instrument, is an instrument for measuring instantaneous temperature and humidity and average temperature and humidity, and has the functions of humiture measurement, display, recording, real-time clock, data communication, overrun alarm and the like. The general handbook of the road section is checked for the gradient, the curvature and the like, or the measurement is carried out through a vehicle-mounted road gradient angle measuring system (the main part is a singlechip which can be used universally).
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the present embodiment simplifies the drum brake into the physical models described in the following (1) to (3):
(1) assuming that the main heat and heat dissipation part participating in the generation is a part substantially in the shape of a regular hollow cylinder, omitting the minor part, the brake drum 71 is simplified into a regular cylinder, the inner and outer radii are not changed along the axial direction, and the temperature information T1 of the inner surface of the brake is substantially the temperature of the inner surface of the brake drum 71;
(2) it is assumed that the brake spider assembly 73 is not in direct contact with the side gap of the brake drum 71 and there is no heat transfer therebetween;
(3) the hub and the brake drum 71 are connected through bolts, the contact area is small, and the contact conduction thermal resistance is large, so that the heat loss of the part is neglected.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that: when the brake of the vehicle is operated, the inner surface of the brake drum 71 rubs against the brake shoe lining 72, a part of the heat is dissipated through various ways, and the remaining part is accumulated inside the brake and the brake shoe lining, so that the heat contained therein is increased, and the temperature is increased accordingly. According to the thermodynamic transfer mechanism, in combination with the above physical model, the present embodiment provides three heat transfer modes existing simultaneously in the heat dissipation process of the brake: thermal conduction, thermal convection, and thermal radiation. Fig. 5 illustrates the specific situation of the heat generated and the heat dissipation manner during the braking process of the brake. Therefore, theoretically, the calculation formula of the amount of heat change of the brake from the braking start to the braking end can be expressed as formula (5):
ΔQ＝Q1-Q2-Q3-Q4(5)
in the formula (5), Q1Indicating the heat generated by the friction of the brake; q2Represents the heat exchange between the surface of the brake (mainly a brake drum) and the ambient air during braking, and is referred to as the convection heat dissipation capacity of the brake drum in short in the text; q3Representing the amount of radiation heat dissipated between the brake drum and the rim; q4Represents the amount of heat conducted between the brake drum and the brake shoe friction plate, and is referred to as "conducted heat emission amount" for short in the text, and the minute amount of conducted heat emission amount Q is ignored in the process of actually calculating the temperature variation △ T of the brake4。
Therefore, the calculation formula of the temperature change amount of the brake can be expressed as formula (1):
in the formula (1), m1Representing the mass of the brake drum in the brake; m is2Representing the mass of the brake shoe friction lining in the brake; c. C1Indicating the specific heat capacity of a brake drum in the brake; c. C2Indicating the specific heat capacity of the brake shoe friction lining in the brake.
The vehicle and brake related parameter information, the road environment parameter information and the brake outer surface temperature information T1 are input into the data calculation module 22 through the parameter input module 21, the formula (1) is preset in the data calculation module 22, and the data calculation module 22 calculates the brake temperature variation △ T according to the formula (1).
The result output module 4 outputs the temperature variation △ T obtained by the data calculation module 22, and displays the temperature variation in the form of a temperature curve and/or in the form of a visual interface diagram (brake temperature condition, current temperature value) for visual display to a driver or other remote monitoring personnel.
The physical model is mainly established according to the specific conditions of a large amount of heat generated and a heat dissipation mode in the braking process when the friction is generated between the friction lining of the brake shoe and the inner surface of the brake drum during the braking of the vehicle, so that the heat generation and dissipation processes can be truly reflected, and the temperature change information of the truck brake can be actively, accurately and timely provided.
In one embodiment, the calculation formula of the friction heat generation amount when the wheel drum brake is braked is formula (6) according to the principle of the friction heat generation:
Q1＝FzX (6)
in the formula (6), FzRepresents the braking force acting on the wheel, and has the unit of N; x represents the distance traveled by the vehicle in m. The formula (6) is obtained by conversion and derivation, and the heat Q generated by friction of the brake1Is expressed as formula (2):
in the formula (2), M represents the total mass of the vehicle, the unit is Kg, and M belongs to the physical parameters of the vehicle; v. of1Representing the initial speed of the vehicle braking process, and the unit is m/s; v. of2Represents the final speed of the vehicle braking process, in m/s; g represents the acceleration of gravity and has a unit of 9.8m/s2(ii) a i represents the gradient of a longitudinal slope of the road, the downhill section is plus, the uphill section is minus, and i belongs to the road environment parameter; f represents the rolling resistance coefficient of the wheels of the vehicle, f belonging to the road environment parameter; xZMeans the braking distance of the vehicle in m, XZBelongs to vehicle parameters, and can be obtained through tests.
In one embodiment, according to a Newton cooling formula, a convection heat dissipation environment of a drum brake is combined, the practical situation of the truck brake is combined, a reasonable temperature detection early warning scheme is formulated for the brake, meanwhile, the water sprinkling and cooling time is also definitely given, on one hand, water in the driving process of the truck is saved, the truck does not need to be frequently parked and added with water, on the other hand, the probability of traffic accidents easily caused by road surface icing due to water spraying in winter is also reduced. When performing the analysis, dimensional analysis is required. Three similarity criterion numbers of the heat convection of the outer surface of the brake drum are determined by a dimensional analysis method, and the similarity criterion numbers are indicated to be related to a function expression, but the specific function expression can be finally determined through experiments. The general formal rule equation is usually written in the form of a power function, i.e.:
Nu＝f(Re，Pr)＝CRenPrm
since the driving environment of the truck is in the air, the sweep fluid only takes air into account, i.e. the value of Pr is constant, which can be simplified as follows:
Nu＝f(Re，Pr)＝CRen
wherein C is a constant and needs to be determined by experiments; the Reynolds criterion Re, the Nu Selt criterion Nu and the Pr criterion can be obtained by the existing formulae in the theorem.
The convection heat dissipation Q of the brake drum can be obtained by the reasoning2Is expressed as formula (3):
Q2＝hS(tw-tf) (3)
in the formula (3), h represents the convective heat transfer coefficient W/(m)2C) is that when the temperature difference between the sweepback fluid and the brake drum surface is 1 c, lm2The heat exchange area can transfer heat every second, and the convective heat exchange coefficient can be calculated by an empirical formula, and the invention can be obtained by looking up a table; s represents the area of the outer surface of the brake drum in direct contact with the sweepback fluid (air), in m2S belongs to relevant parameters of the vehicle and can be calculated by an empirical formula, and the vehicle-mounted; t is twDenotes the temperature of the outer surface of the brake drum in degrees Celsius, twBrake outer surface temperature information T1 for the vehicle detected by the temperature detection unit 1; t is tfDenotes the temperature of the sweep fluid in degrees Celsius, tfBelongs to road environment parameters, which can be obtained by the surface temperature of the gas medium and the solid collected by the K-type thermocouple 11 in real time.
In one embodiment, the radiant heat Q between the brake drum and the rim3Is expressed as formula (4):
Q3＝Ra1S1-θ1，2Ra2S2(4)
in the formula (4), S1Represents the outer surface area of the brake drum in m2；S2Denotes the inner surface area of the rim in m2，S1The relevant parameters pertaining to the brake; ra1Represents the effective radiation of the outer surface of the brake drum, the unit is the total radiation energy leaving a unit area per unit time, and comprises the radiation of the surface and the reflected radiation,
S2a physical parameter pertaining to the vehicle; ra2Represents the effective radiation of the inner surface of the rim, the unit being the total radiant energy per unit time leaving a unit area, including both the radiant and reflected radiation portions of the surface itself, W/m2；θ1，2Expressing the angular coefficient of radiative heat transfer, theta1，2Representing the fraction of the total radiant energy leaving the outer surface of the brake drum that reaches the inner surface of the rim.
In the embodiment, the gradient, the slope length, the load of the large truck and the braking mode are taken as dynamic factors into consideration in the calculation formula of the temperature variation of the brake; the brake temperature values of all road sections are obtained by utilizing the evaluation indexes of the thermal attenuation of the brake, a new research thought is provided for the design indexes of the safety risk classification of the long and large downhill in China, the arrangement of the danger avoiding lanes, the combination of the long straight line and the small radius, the longitudinal slope, the average longitudinal slope and the slope length, and the road operation safety is better guaranteed.
In one embodiment, the temperature detection unit 1 includes a type K thermocouple 11 and an infrared thermal imaging device 12. Wherein:
the K-type thermocouple 11 is arranged at the position, connected with the shaft, of the support above the truck brake, and the mounting position is not only favorable for obtaining the temperature information of the brake but also has no influence on the strength and the performance of the brake. The type K thermocouple 11 is used to collect the temperature of the outer surface of the brake of the vehicle in real time, and can also directly measure the surface temperature of the gas medium and the solid. The K-type thermocouple 11 is turned on in a case where the vehicle normally travels, and the K-type thermocouple 11 detects brake outer surface temperature information T1. The brake outer surface temperature information T1 is the brake operating temperature information T2.
The infrared thermal imaging device 12 is arranged at the position of a bracket above a brake of the truck, connected with a shaft, is started under the condition that the vehicle is frequently braked or is in a braked state for a long time, and detects the temperature information T1 of the outer surface of the brake by the infrared thermal imaging device 12 and obtains the working temperature information T2 of the brake. Specifically, the infrared thermal imaging device 12 scans the truck brakes on a long downhill road, obtains temperature images of the outer surfaces of the brakes, and outputs the temperature images of the outer surfaces of the brakes to thermal analysis software in the infrared thermal imaging device 12. The thermal analysis software is used for obtaining temperature data of a designated point or surface of the outer surface of the brake according to the temperature image of the outer surface of the brake, and calculating the temperature of the inner surface of the brake of the vehicle, wherein the temperature of the inner surface of the brake can be understood as the working temperature T2 of the brake.
Since the inner surface temperature of the brake is difficult to directly measure, the working condition of the brake is divided into a normal running condition and a condition that the vehicle is frequently braked or is in a brake state for a long time, the working temperature of the brake is obtained according to different conditions, and the working temperature of the brake is based on the inner surface temperature of the brake, which provides an advantage for improving the speed change monitoring accuracy in the running process of the vehicle.
As shown in fig. 6 and 7, in one embodiment, the temperature control feedback unit 3 includes a water tank control valve 31, a water pipe assembly 32 and a water spray head 33, the water pipe assembly 32 connects the water tank and the water spray head 33, the water spray head 33 is disposed above a brake drum 71 of the brake, and an opening is provided toward the brake drum 71. The water tank control valve 31 is provided on the water pipe assembly 32 and controls the fluid communication or disconnection between the water tank and the water shower head 33. In the case that the brake operating temperature information T2 reaches the set temperature threshold, the water tank control valve 31 controls the fluid communication between the water tank and the water shower nozzle 33, so that the liquid in the water tank is showered on the outer surface of the brake drum through the water shower nozzle 33.
As shown in FIG. 7, a projection bolt 34 is welded to the brake spider assembly or brake dust cover 73, and the projection bolt 34 is fixedly connected to a mounting plate to which the flow tube assembly 32 is fixed by means of a spring washer 35 and a nut 36. One end of the water pipe assembly 32 is connected to a water tank (not shown) via a rubber pipe, and the other end is connected to a water spray nozzle 33, and the water spray nozzle 33 is disposed above the brake drum 71. The flow tube assembly 32 is preferably inclined as long as it is aligned with the brake drum 71 to enable water to be poured, but does not require a specific angular constraint, being secured to the upper end of the brake spider assembly or brake dust cover 73, through which the mounting backing plate holes pass for constraint. The flowline assembly 32 may be purchased directly from the market.
When the brake temperature monitoring device works, the K-type thermocouple 11 transmits the brake working temperature T2 to the water spraying tank control valve 31, meanwhile, road condition information is transmitted to the vehicle-mounted controller 6 through a wireless communication mode (such as a ZigBee wireless communication technology), and the vehicle-mounted controller 6 can display the brake working temperature T2 locally through a vehicle-mounted display screen, so that a driver can see the change situation of the brake temperature. The single chip microcomputer in the vehicle-mounted controller 6 also judges the brake working temperature T2, controls the water spraying tank control valve 31 to be opened under the condition that the brake working temperature information T2 reaches a set temperature threshold value, and the water tank is communicated with the fluid of the water spraying nozzle 33, so that the liquid in the water tank is sprayed on the outer surface of the brake drum 71 through the water spraying nozzle 33, the brake drum 71 is cooled, and the stability of the braking performance and the driving safety are ensured. In the case that the brake operating temperature information T2 is lower than the set temperature threshold, the spray tank control valve 31 is controlled to be closed, and the water tank and the spray head 33 cannot be in fluid communication. This embodiment no longer uses manual trickle, and no longer utilizes the retarber, reduces braking wearing and tearing etc. but through control by temperature change monitoring input signal to trickle switch, in convenient to use nature, the aspect of the practicality can both effectively improve, in time cools down, avoids the hot excessive loss of stopper and leads to the emergence of traffic accident.
Besides the cooling of the brake by using the water spraying mode provided by the embodiment, an automatic delay switch can be added to a control circuit of the temperature control feedback unit, so that the water sprayer can continuously blow air into the brake drum after the braking is finished, the heat dissipation and cooling speed of the brake drum can be increased, and the water sprayer can be controlled to automatically stop working after continuously working for a period of time after the braking is finished, so that the load of a power supply system of a truck is reduced, the energy is saved, and the invalid work of the water spraying system is avoided.
In one embodiment, the vehicle brake temperature control device further comprises a voice alarm 5, such as a buzzer, brake working temperature information T2 and the temperature variation △ T are transmitted to the vehicle-mounted controller 6 through the temperature detection unit 1, and then transmitted to the voice alarm 5 and a vehicle-mounted display screen through the vehicle-mounted controller 6, the voice alarm 5 is turned on when the brake working temperature information T2 reaches the set temperature threshold, and an alarm is given through the voice alarm 5 to remind a driver of the overhigh brake temperature, so as to achieve the purpose of early warning.
As shown in fig. 8, in order to verify the correctness of the algorithm and logic built in the vehicle brake temperature control device provided by the invention, the verification is carried out by setting experiments. The test mainly comprises a drum brake temperature drop bench test and a road test, and the test purposes are respectively as follows:
(1) in order to obtain the cooling curve of the brake drum, the cooling result is compared, the reason of error is analyzed, and mutual verification is carried out.
(2) Test data are provided for researching the change rule of the temperature field of the brake drum during vehicle braking.
In the test, an EQ1208 rear axle drum brake of the freight vehicle is selected as a research object, and the temperature drop rule of the brake drum under different braking working conditions is researched. The test design idea is to measure the temperature drop data of the brake drum under the initial test conditions of different vehicle speeds and different environmental temperatures. The corresponding rotating speeds of the vehicle speeds are different, and the test mainly simulates the cooling condition of the gap in the braking process of driving on a long and large downhill road section at a constant speed of 30km/h, 40km/h, 50km/h and 60km/h at the initial speed. The method comprises the steps of taking the rotating speed of an engine as a standard of the actual rotating speed measured on a bench test, sorting the temperature data inside and outside the brake drum measured by the test, processing the data, drawing a change curve of the temperature of the outer surface of the brake drum along with the braking time in the cooling process, taking the speed of 50km/h (the original design speed is 45km/h) as an example, taking the test data of the outer surface of the brake drum once, and sorting the data to obtain the change curve of the temperature of the outer surface of the brake drum along with the time as the data are more and the trend of the temperature change of the outer surface of the drum brake is the same after different braking working conditions are finished. Similarly, the temperature drop changes of the outer surface of the brake drum at the other times at the same vehicle speed are made, then according to the principle of data processing and the method of error point rejection, the infrared ray average curve of the brake drum is obtained, and for comparison with the brake drum temperature drop simulation model, the infrared ray average curve is obtained by taking 300 ℃ as the highest initial temperature, so that the infrared ray average curve of the brake drum with the maximum initial temperature of 300 ℃ of the vehicle at 50km/h is shown in fig. 8. It can be seen that the temperature change measured under the monitoring of the temperature control algorithm meets the requirement along with the time change, and can be accurately predicted.
Finally, it should be pointed out that: the above examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not limited thereto. Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that: modifications can be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A vehicle brake temperature control device is characterized by comprising a temperature detection unit (1), a control unit (2), a temperature control feedback unit (3) and a result output module (4), wherein the temperature detection unit (1) is used for detecting and outputting brake outer surface temperature information (T1) of a vehicle, the control unit (2) is used for receiving and outputting relevant parameter information of the vehicle and a brake, road environment parameter information and the brake outer surface temperature information (T1), obtaining and outputting brake working temperature information (T2) and temperature variation (△ T) of the vehicle in a braking process, the temperature control feedback unit (3) is used for receiving and displaying the brake working temperature information (T2) and cooling a brake of the vehicle under the condition that the brake working temperature information (T2) reaches a set temperature threshold value, and the result output module (4) receives and displays the temperature variation (△ T);
the control unit (2) comprises a parameter input module (21) and a data calculation module (22), wherein the related parameter information of the vehicle and the brake, the road environment parameter information and the brake outer surface temperature information (T1) are input into the data calculation module (22) through the parameter input module (21), the data calculation module (22) is internally provided with the following formula (1), and the temperature variation (△ T) is calculated according to the formula (1):
in the formula (1), Q1Indicating the heat generated by the friction of the brake; q2Representing the convective heat dissipation capacity of the brake drum; q3Representing the amount of radiation heat dissipated between the brake drum and the rim; m is1Representing the mass of the brake drum in the brake; m is2Representing the mass of the brake shoe friction lining in the brake; c. C1Indicating the specific heat capacity of a brake drum in the brake; c. C2Indicating the specific heat capacity of the brake shoe friction lining in the brake.
2. The vehicle brake temperature control device of claim 1, wherein the heat Q generated by friction of the brake is Q1Is expressed as formula (2):
in the formula (2), M represents the total mass of the vehicle; v. of1An initial speed representing a braking process of the vehicle; v. of2Indicating vehiclesThe final speed of the braking process; g represents the gravitational acceleration; i represents the gradient of a longitudinal slope of the road, the downhill section takes "+", and the uphill section takes "-"; f represents a rolling resistance coefficient of a wheel of the vehicle; xZIndicating the braking distance of the vehicle.
3. The vehicle brake temperature control device of claim 1, wherein the convective heat dissipation Q of the brake drum is Q2Is expressed as formula (3):
Q2＝hS(tw-tf) (3)
in the formula (3), nine represents a convective heat transfer coefficient; s represents the area of the outer surface of the brake drum in direct contact with the sweepback fluid; t is twIndicating the temperature of the outer surface of the brake drum; t is tfIndicating the temperature of the sweep fluid.
4. The vehicle brake temperature control device of claim 1, wherein the radiant heat Q between the brake drum and the rim is given by3Is expressed as formula (4):
Q3＝Ra1S1-θ1，2Ra2S2(4)
in the formula (4), S1Representing the outer surface area of the brake drum; s2Representing the inner surface area of the rim; ra1Representing the effective radiation of the outer surface of the brake drum; ra2Representing the effective radiation of the inner surface of the rim; theta1，2Representing the radiative heat transfer angular coefficient.
5. The vehicle brake temperature control device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the temperature detection unit (1) includes a type K thermocouple (11) and an infrared thermal imaging device (12); the K-type thermocouple (11) is turned on under the condition that the vehicle normally runs, and the brake outer surface temperature information (T1) is detected by the K-type thermocouple (11), wherein the brake outer surface temperature information (T1) is used as the brake working temperature information (T2); the infrared thermal imaging device (12) is turned on in a case where a vehicle is frequently braked or is in a braked state for a long time, the brake outer surface temperature information (T1) is detected by the infrared thermal imaging device (12), and the brake operating temperature information (T2) is obtained.
6. The vehicle brake temperature control device according to claim 5, wherein the temperature control feedback unit (3) comprises a water spray tank control valve (31), a water flow pipe assembly (32) and a water spray head (33), the water flow pipe assembly (32) connects the water tank and the water spray head (33), the water spray head (33) is arranged above a brake drum of the brake and is provided with an opening facing the brake drum, and the water spray tank control valve (31) is provided on the water flow pipe assembly (32); and under the condition that the brake working temperature information (T2) reaches the set temperature threshold value, the water spraying tank control valve (31) controls the fluid communication between the water tank and a water spraying nozzle (33) so that the liquid in the water tank is sprayed on the outer surface of the brake drum through the water spraying nozzle (33).
7. The vehicle brake temperature control device according to claim 5, further comprising a voice alarm (5), wherein the brake operating temperature information (T2) and the temperature variation (△ T) are transmitted to an on-board controller (6) via the temperature detection unit (1), and then transmitted to the voice alarm (5) and an on-board display screen by the on-board controller (6), and the voice alarm (5) is turned on in the case that the brake operating temperature information (T2) reaches the set temperature threshold.
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| CN201811472846.XA CN109591783B (en) | 2018-12-04 | 2018-12-04 | Temperature control device for vehicle brake |
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| CN201811472846.XA CN109591783B (en) | 2018-12-04 | 2018-12-04 | Temperature control device for vehicle brake |
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| CN110425233B (en) * | 2019-07-22 | 2020-12-15 | 扬州市汉讯科技有限公司 | Drum brake with emergency braking structure |
| CN111791916A (en) * | 2020-07-17 | 2020-10-20 | 成都盛锴科技有限公司 | Online dynamic detection method and system for wheel tread temperature |
| CN111942342A (en) * | 2020-07-29 | 2020-11-17 | 东风商用车有限公司 | Air cooling heat dissipation device and cooling method for drum brake |
| US20220355770A1 (en) * | 2021-05-10 | 2022-11-10 | Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc | Vehicle brake cooling system having dynamically adjustable air vents for active brake cooling |
| CN115163708B (en) * | 2022-06-21 | 2023-07-25 | 东风柳州汽车有限公司 | Real-time detection method and device for temperature of brake disc |
| CN115081756B (en) * | 2022-08-19 | 2022-11-11 | 四川省公路规划勘察设计研究院有限公司 | Road section brake drum temperature prediction and road section risk assessment method based on long and large longitudinal slope road section |
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| CN103353734A (en) * | 2013-07-13 | 2013-10-16 | 淄博职业学院 | Automatic control system of automobile brake water spray |
| US9738264B2 (en) * | 2015-01-22 | 2017-08-22 | Goodrich Corporation | Brake cooling estimation methods and systems |
| CN106696924A (en) * | 2015-07-21 | 2017-05-24 | 深圳市海和电子有限公司 | Goods van braking and cooling device |
| CN105216769B (en) * | 2015-09-09 | 2017-08-25 | 河南理工大学 | A kind of fuzzy spray control system of automobile drum brake and its control method |
| CN205706638U (en) * | 2016-04-15 | 2016-11-23 | 聂东亮 | Load truck brake-shoe device for monitoring temperature |
| CN108583545B (en) * | 2018-04-28 | 2023-05-09 | 长安大学 | Trace liquid cooling device and method for heat fading of automobile brake |
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