CN109583000A - Applied to triple-frequency harmonics antenna and its calibration method in wireless power transfer - Google Patents
Applied to triple-frequency harmonics antenna and its calibration method in wireless power transfer Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses be applied to triple-frequency harmonics antenna calibration method in wireless power transfer.The beneficial effects of the present invention are the triple-frequency harmonics antenna calibration methods by directional coupler and annular hybrid network, do not need additionally to add feed circuit, facilitate the realization of compact high efficiency wireless power transmission system.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to antenna calibration methods, in particular to are applied to triple-frequency harmonics antenna calibration side in wireless power transfer
Method.
Background technique
Far field wireless power transfer technology promotes wireless sensor network fast development.Highly directional reception, transmitting antenna
Use can be realized wireless power link between base station and wireless sensor network.However, as shown in Figure 1, receiving, transmitting antenna
Between problem of misalignment seriously affect the efficiency of wireless power link.Therefore, wireless power transfer application in, need to receive,
Transmitting antenna is calibrated.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide triple-frequency harmonics antenna calibration methods in wireless power transfer.Triple-frequency harmonics calibration method
Including method 1 and method 2.
RECTIFYING ANTENNA in method 1, including antenna 1, antenna 2, modified Greinacher charge pump and directional coupler；Side
RECTIFYING ANTENNA in method 2, including dual-band antenna 1, modified Greinacher charge pump and annular hybrid network；The modified
Greinacher charge pump includes identical first voltage multiplie of circuit structure and the second voltage multiplie；
First voltage multiplie includes the first diode of series aiding connectionD 1With the second diodeD 2, concatenated first diodeD 1
With the second diodeD 2Both ends parallel connection first capacitorC 1, first diodeD 1Anode provide loadR LNegative voltageV, the one or two pole
PipeD 1Cathode connect the second diodeD 2Anode, the second diodeD 2Cathode ground connection, first diodeD 1With the second diodeD 2Between electrode points and the second capacitorC 2One end be connected, the second capacitorC 2Input terminal of the other end as the first voltage multiplie；
Second voltage multiplie includes the third diode of series aiding connectionD 3With the 4th diodeD 4, concatenated third diodeD 3
With the 4th diodeD 4Both ends parallel connection third capacitorC 3, the 4th diodeD 4Cathode provide loadR LPositive voltageV+, the three or two pole
PipeD 3Cathode connect the 4th diodeD 4Anode, third diodeD 3Plus earth, third diodeD 3With the 4th diodeD 4Between electrode points and the 4th capacitorC 4One end be connected, the 4th capacitorC 4Input terminal of the other end as the second voltage multiplie；
The negative voltage of the first voltage multiplie outputVWith the positive voltage of the second voltage multiplie outputV+ equivalent.Coupling is oriented in method 1
Four ports of clutch are respectively input, isolation, straight-through and coupling port.The input port of directional coupler connects antenna 1, isolation end
Mouth connects antenna 2, the straight-through port of directional coupler, coupling port respectively with the input terminal of the second voltage multiplie, the first voltage multiplie
Input terminal is connected.Four ports of annular hybrid network are respectively port 1, port 2, port 3 and port 4 in method 2.Annular mixing
The port 1 of network connects dual-band antenna 1, the port 2 of annular hybrid network, port 3 respectively with the input terminal of the second voltage multiplie,
The input terminal of one voltage multiplie is connected, and the port 4 of annular hybrid network connects 50 Ohmic resistances.
The input port of directional coupler connects antenna 1 in the method 1, and isolated port connects antenna 2.Annular is mixed in method 2
The port 1 for closing network connects dual-band antenna 1, and the port 4 of annular hybrid network connects 50 Ohmic resistances.
The straight-through of directional coupler, coupling port parallel connection second harmonic inhibit detail in the method 1；In the method 2
Port 2, port 3 second harmonic in parallel of annular hybrid network inhibit detail.Second harmonic inhibits detail can be by fundamental frequency
Lower quarter-wave parallel connection short circuit detail is realized.
Problem of misalignment between transmitting, receiving antenna is solved, guarantees to reach receiving antenna power density, improves wireless power transfer
System performance, comprising the following steps:
Step 1)；Antenna 1 receives the electromagnetic wave that identical working frequency antenna 3 emits in the method 1, and passes through directional coupler
It is transmitted to the first voltage multiplie and the second voltage multiplie；First voltage multiplie and the second voltage multiplie high efficiency convert incident electromagnetic wave to direct current
Triple-frequency harmonics is generated while power.Dual-band antenna 1 receives identical working frequency dual-band antenna 2 and emits in the method 2
Electromagnetic wave, and the first voltage multiplie and the second voltage multiplie are transmitted to by annular hybrid network；First voltage multiplie and the second multiplication of voltage
Device high efficiency generates triple-frequency harmonics while converting incident electromagnetic wave to dc power.
Step 2；Directional coupler and annular hybrid network have circuit structure periodic feature, in triple-frequency harmonics frequency range
Lower its directional coupler of holding and annular hybrid network feature；First voltage multiplie and the second voltage multiplie generate three times in method 1
Harmonic wave is all transmitted to directional coupler isolated port, input port and isolated port high degree of isolation, i.e. input port receives
To incident electromagnetic wave to be transmitted to isolated port power be zero；First voltage multiplie and the second voltage multiplie generate three times in method 2
Harmonic wave is all transmitted to annular hybrid network port 1, and 4 high degree of isolation of port 1 and port, i.e., what port 1 received enters radio
It is zero that magnetic wave, which is transmitted to 4 power of port,；
Step 3)；Triple-frequency harmonics realizes triple-frequency harmonics feedback as triple-frequency harmonics antenna input power.Directional couple in method 1
Device isolated port triple-frequency harmonics, in 2 input power of antenna of triple-frequency harmonics, realizes triple-frequency harmonics feedback, and by three as work
Subharmonic antenna 4 receives；1 triple-frequency harmonics of annular hybrid network port is as work in the two waveband day of triple-frequency harmonics in method 2
The input power of line 1 is realized triple-frequency harmonics feedback, and is received by triple-frequency harmonics dual-band antenna 2；；
Step 4) in identical situation consistent with transmission power, is receiving, is misplacing between transmitting antenna and feed back function with triple-frequency harmonics
Rate is related, to realize antenna calibration by the triple-frequency harmonics feedback power received.Antenna 4 receives three times in method 1
Feedback of harmonic is related to dislocation angle, and when dislocation angle is zero degree, the triple-frequency harmonics feedback power received is maximum；In method 2
The triple-frequency harmonics feedback that dual-band antenna 2 receives is related to dislocation angle, and when dislocation angle is zero degree, what is received is humorous three times
Wave feedback power is maximum；Because the method 1 and method 2 are calibrated between triple-frequency harmonics feedback realization reception, transmitting antenna by receiving.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are pass through directional coupler and annular hybrid network three times
Harmonic aerial calibration method does not need additionally to add feed circuit, facilitates the realization of compact high efficiency wireless power transmission system.
Detailed description of the invention
The reception of Fig. 1 wireless power transfer technology, transmitting antenna dislocation schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 directional coupler circuit symbol (left side) and annular hybrid network circuit symbol (right side)；
Fig. 3 embodiment 1 has the rectification circuit schematic diagram of triple-frequency harmonics feedback；
Fig. 4 embodiment 2 has the rectification circuit schematic diagram of triple-frequency harmonics feedback；
1 antenna calibration system schematic diagram of Fig. 5 embodiment；
2 antenna calibration system schematic diagram of Fig. 6 embodiment.
Specific embodiment
It is described further below with reference to embodiment and working principle of the present invention.
Fig. 2 (left side) is that the circuit of directional coupler indicates symbol；As four port networks, if all of the port is matched to 50
Ohm, the input power equal part of input port to straight-through, coupling port；Straight-through, coupling port voltage signal has 90 degree of phase differences,
Input port is isolated with isolated port, i.e., no power transmission to isolated port；The work of the directional coupler is in fundamental wave frequency
Section w0Under scattering parameter matrix can indicate are as follows:
The directional coupler has circuit structure periodic feature, works in triple-frequency harmonics frequency range 3w0Under scattering parameter square
Battle array can indicate are as follows:
Fig. 2 (right side) is that the circuit of annular hybrid network indicates symbol；As four port networks, if all of the port is matched to 50 Europe
Nurse, the input power equal part of port 1 to port 2, port 3；There are a 180 degree phase difference in port 2,3 voltage signal of port, port 1 with
Port 4 is isolated, i.e., no power transmission to port 4；The work of the annular hybrid network is in fundamental wave frequency range w0Lower scattering parameter
Matrix can indicate are as follows:
The annular hybrid network has circuit structure periodic feature, works in triple-frequency harmonics frequency range 3w0Under scattering parameter
Matrix can indicate are as follows:
Embodiment 1
Embodiment illustrated in fig. 31 facilitates calculating, it is assumed that the radiofrequency signal that directional coupler input port receives is,
According to directional coupler fundamental scatter parameter matrix, directional coupler is led directly to, the radiofrequency signal of coupling port can respectively indicate
Are as follows:
The output response of non-linear first voltage multiplie and the second voltage multiplie can be described by Taylor expansion, such as in formula (5)
VoltageThe output response for inputting the second voltage multiplie can be expressed as
(7)
WhereinIt is output response voltage,,,WithIt is Taylor expansion coefficient.According to trigonometric function relationship cos3 x=
(3/4)cosx+(1/4)cos3x, triple-frequency harmonics byIt generates, and the generation of triple-frequency harmonics is with the increasing of input power
Add and increases.Therefore, the second voltage multiplie and the first voltage multiplie the triple-frequency harmonics that directional coupler is straight-through, coupling port generates can
To indicate are as follows:
According to directional coupler circuit structure periodic feature, reference formula (2) directional coupler triple-frequency harmonics scattering parameter square
Battle array, triple-frequency harmonics are directed coupler transfer to input port, isolated port, can indicate are as follows:
From formula (10) and (11) as can be seen that the triple-frequency harmonics that the first voltage multiplie and the second voltage multiplie generate all is transmitted to and determines
To coupler isolated port, which realizes that triple-frequency harmonics feedback connects sending and receiving to reach by triple-frequency harmonics antenna 2
Penetrate antenna calibration.
In conjunction with the embodiments 1, the system explanation of triple-frequency harmonics antenna calibration method is carried out, 1 antenna calibration system of embodiment is former
Reason figure is as shown in Figure 5.
Antenna 1, antenna 2 it is parallel and be spaced it is identical, it is identical as 4 antenna 3 of identical topology, antenna angles to ensure,
That is q, as shown in Figure 5.Antenna 1 and 3 gain of antenna are related to q, and the smaller gain of q is bigger, and gain reaches maximum when q is zero degree,
It can be expressed as G (q), therefore when 3 transmission power of antenna isP txWhen, power that antenna 1 can receiveP inIt can be according to radar
Equation indicates are as follows:
WhereinIt is corresponding electromagnetic wavelength under fundamental wave working frequency.
The power that antenna 1 receivesP inThe first voltage multiplie and the second voltage multiplie are coupled to by directional coupler, it is assumed that the
The ratio that one voltage multiplie and the second voltage multiplie triple-frequency harmonics account for total power input is k, therefore is determined when whole triple-frequency harmonics are transmitted to
To the power of coupler isolated portP’ isoIt can indicate are as follows:
Input power of the isolated port triple-frequency harmonics as antenna 2, realizes triple-frequency harmonics feedback, and same receiving antenna 4 receives
Triple-frequency harmonics feedback, the triple-frequency harmonics power receivedP’ rxIt can be indicated according to radar equation are as follows:
WhereinIt is corresponding electromagnetic wavelength under third harmonic frequencies,It is that triple-frequency harmonics antenna 2 and antenna 4 are corresponding
Antenna gain, related to dislocation angle q, the smaller gain of q is bigger, and gain reaches maximum when q is zero degree.
Therefore, by formula (14) as can be seen that triple-frequency harmonics watt level and dislocation that triple-frequency harmonics antenna 4 receives
Angle q is closely related, and when q is zero degree, the triple-frequency harmonics power received reaches maximum, thus realize by triple-frequency harmonics into
Row antenna calibration method.
Embodiment 2
Embodiment illustrated in fig. 42 facilitates calculating, it is assumed that the radiofrequency signal that annular hybrid network port 1 receives is,
According to annular hybrid network fundamental scatter parameter matrix, annular hybrid network port 2, port 3 radiofrequency signal can distinguish table
It is shown as；
The output response of non-linear first voltage multiplie and the second voltage multiplie can be described by Taylor expansion, such as in formula (15)
VoltageThe output response for inputting the second voltage multiplie can indicate are as follows:
| (17) |
WhereinIt is output response voltage,,,WithIt is Taylor expansion coefficient.According to trigonometric function relationship cos3 x=
(3/4)cosx+(1/4)cos3x, triple-frequency harmonics byIt generates, and the generation of triple-frequency harmonics is with the increase of input power
And increase.Therefore, the triple-frequency harmonics that the second voltage multiplie and the first voltage multiplie are generated in annular hybrid network port 2, port 3 can be with
It is expressed as；
According to annular hybrid network circuit structure periodic feature, reference formula (4) annular hybrid network triple-frequency harmonics scattering ginseng
Matrix number, triple-frequency harmonics are transmitted to port 1, port 4 by annular hybrid network, can be expressed as；
From formula (20) and (21) as can be seen that the triple-frequency harmonics that the first voltage multiplie and the second voltage multiplie generate all is transmitted to ring
Shape hybrid network port 1, the part triple-frequency harmonics realize triple-frequency harmonics feedback by dual-band antenna 1 to reach reception, transmitting
Antenna calibration.
In conjunction with the embodiments 2, the system explanation of triple-frequency harmonics antenna calibration method is carried out, 2 antenna calibration system of embodiment is former
Reason figure is as shown in Figure 6.
Dual-band antenna 1, the gain of dual-band antenna 2 are related to q, and the smaller gain of q is bigger, and gain reaches when q is zero degree
To maximum, facilitate calculating, dual-band antenna 1,2 fundamental wave band antenna gain of dual-band antenna are G (q), triple-frequency harmonics frequency range day
Line gain is G ' (q).Therefore it is when dual-band antenna 2 emits fundamental wave electromagnetic wave powerP txWhen, dual-band antenna 1 can receive
PowerP inIt can be indicated according to radar equation are as follows:
WhereinIt is corresponding electromagnetic wavelength under fundamental wave working frequency.
The power that dual-band antenna 1 receivesP inThe first voltage multiplie and the second multiplication of voltage are coupled to by annular hybrid network
Device, it is assumed that the first voltage multiplie and the second voltage multiplie triple-frequency harmonics account for the ratio of total power input as k, therefore when whole triple-frequency harmonics
It is transmitted to the power of annular hybrid network port 1P’ 1It can indicate are as follows:
Input power of 1 triple-frequency harmonics of port as dual-band antenna 1, realizes triple-frequency harmonics feedback, and same dual-band antenna 2 connects
Receive triple-frequency harmonics feedback, the triple-frequency harmonics power receivedP’ rxIt can be indicated according to radar equation are as follows:
WhereinIt is corresponding electromagnetic wavelength under third harmonic frequencies.
Therefore, by formula (14) as can be seen that triple-frequency harmonics watt level and dislocation that triple-frequency harmonics antenna 4 receives
Angle q is closely related, and when q is zero degree, the triple-frequency harmonics power received reaches maximum, thus realize by triple-frequency harmonics into
Row antenna calibration method.
Claims (6)
1. being applied to triple-frequency harmonics antenna in wireless power transfer, which is characterized in that including antenna 1, antenna 2, modified
Greinacher charge pump and directional coupler；
The modified Greinacher charge pump includes identical first voltage multiplie of circuit structure and the second voltage multiplie；
First voltage multiplie includes the first diode of series aiding connectionD 1With the second diodeD 2, concatenated first diodeD 1
With the second diodeD 2Both ends parallel connection first capacitorC 1, first diodeD 1Anode provide loadR LNegative voltageV, the one or two pole
PipeD 1Cathode connect the second diodeD 2Anode, the second diodeD 2Cathode ground connection, first diodeD 1With the second diodeD 2Between electrode points and the second capacitorC 2One end be connected, the second capacitorC 2Input terminal of the other end as the first voltage multiplie；
Second voltage multiplie includes the third diode of series aiding connectionD 3With the 4th diodeD 4, concatenated third diodeD 3
With the 4th diodeD 4Both ends parallel connection third capacitorC 3, the 4th diodeD 4Cathode provide loadR LPositive voltageV+, the three or two pole
PipeD 3Cathode connect the 4th diodeD 4Anode, third diodeD 3Plus earth, third diodeD 3With the 4th diodeD 4Between electrode points and the 4th capacitorC 4One end be connected, the 4th capacitorC 4Input terminal of the other end as the second voltage multiplie；
The negative voltage of the first voltage multiplie outputVWith the positive voltage of the second voltage multiplie outputV+ equivalent；Directional coupler four
Port is respectively input, isolation, straight-through and coupling port；The input port of directional coupler connects antenna 1, and isolated port connects antenna
2, the straight-through port of directional coupler, coupling port the input terminal phase with the input terminal of the second voltage multiplie, the first voltage multiplie respectively
Even.
2. according to claim 1 be applied to triple-frequency harmonics antenna in wireless power transfer, which is characterized in that directional couple
The straight-through of device, coupling port parallel connection second harmonic inhibit detail.
3. being applied to triple-frequency harmonics antenna in wireless power transfer, which is characterized in that including dual-band antenna 1, modified
Greinacher charge pump and annular hybrid network；The modified Greinacher charge pump includes circuit structure identical
One voltage multiplie and the second voltage multiplie；
First voltage multiplie includes the first diode of series aiding connectionD 1With the second diodeD 2, concatenated first diodeD 1
With the second diodeD 2Both ends parallel connection first capacitorC 1, first diodeD 1Anode provide loadR LNegative voltageV, the one or two pole
PipeD 1Cathode connect the second diodeD 2Anode, the second diodeD 2Cathode ground connection, first diodeD 1With the second diodeD 2Between electrode points and the second capacitorC 2One end be connected, the second capacitorC 2Input terminal of the other end as the first voltage multiplie；
Second voltage multiplie includes the third diode of series aiding connectionD 3With the 4th diodeD 4, concatenated third diodeD 3
With the 4th diodeD 4Both ends parallel connection third capacitorC 3, the 4th diodeD 4Cathode provide loadR LPositive voltageV+, the three or two pole
PipeD 3Cathode connect the 4th diodeD 4Anode, third diodeD 3Plus earth, third diodeD 3With the 4th diodeD 4Between electrode points and the 4th capacitorC 4One end be connected, the 4th capacitorC 4Input terminal of the other end as the second voltage multiplie；
The negative voltage of the first voltage multiplie outputVWith the positive voltage of the second voltage multiplie outputV+ equivalent, annular hybrid network four
A port is respectively port 1, port 2, port 3 and port 4；The port 1 of annular hybrid network connects dual-band antenna 1, and annular is mixed
Port 2, the port 3 for closing network are connected with the input terminal of the input terminal of the second voltage multiplie, the first voltage multiplie respectively, annular hybrid network
The port 4 of network connects Ohmic resistance.
4. according to claim 3 be applied to triple-frequency harmonics antenna in wireless power transfer, which is characterized in that annular mixing
The port 2 of network, the second harmonic in parallel of port 3 inhibit detail, second harmonic inhibit detail can by under fundamental frequency four/
One wavelength parallel connection short circuit detail is realized.
5. structure according to claim 1 or claim 2 is applied to triple-frequency harmonics antenna calibration method in wireless power transfer, spy
Sign is, comprising the following steps:
Step 1)；Antenna 1 receives the electromagnetic wave that identical working frequency antenna 3 emits, and is transmitted to first by directional coupler
Voltage multiplie and the second voltage multiplie；While first voltage multiplie and the second voltage multiplie high efficiency conversion incident electromagnetic wave to dc power
Generate triple-frequency harmonics；
Step 2；Directional coupler and annular hybrid network have circuit structure periodic feature, protect under triple-frequency harmonics frequency range
Hold its directional coupler and annular hybrid network feature；The triple-frequency harmonics that first voltage multiplie and the second voltage multiplie generate all is passed
Transport to directional coupler isolated port, input port and isolated port high degree of isolation, i.e. the incoming electromagnetic that receives of input port
It is zero that wave, which is transmitted to isolated port power,；
Step 3)；Triple-frequency harmonics realizes triple-frequency harmonics feedback, directional coupler isolation end as triple-frequency harmonics antenna input power
Mouth triple-frequency harmonics, in 2 input power of antenna of triple-frequency harmonics, realizes triple-frequency harmonics feedback, and by triple-frequency harmonics day as work
Line 4 receives；
Step 4) in identical situation consistent with transmission power, is receiving, is misplacing between transmitting antenna and feed back function with triple-frequency harmonics
Rate is related, to realize antenna calibration by the triple-frequency harmonics feedback power received, the triple-frequency harmonics that antenna 4 receives is fed back
Related to dislocation angle, when dislocation angle is zero degree, the triple-frequency harmonics feedback power received is maximum.
6. special according to the triple-frequency harmonics antenna calibration method in wireless power transfer that is applied to of the structure of claim 3 or 4
Sign is, comprising the following steps:
Step 1)；Dual-band antenna 1 receives the electromagnetic wave that identical working frequency dual-band antenna 2 emits, and passes through annular mixing
Network transmission is to the first voltage multiplie and the second voltage multiplie；First voltage multiplie and the second voltage multiplie high efficiency conversion incident electromagnetic wave are extremely
Triple-frequency harmonics is generated while dc power；
Step 2；Directional coupler and annular hybrid network have circuit structure periodic feature, protect under triple-frequency harmonics frequency range
Hold its directional coupler and annular hybrid network feature；The triple-frequency harmonics that first voltage multiplie and the second voltage multiplie generate all is passed
Annular hybrid network port 1,4 high degree of isolation of port 1 and port are transported to, i.e., the incident electromagnetic wave that port 1 receives is transmitted to end
4 power of mouth are zero；
Step 3)；Triple-frequency harmonics realizes triple-frequency harmonics feedback as triple-frequency harmonics antenna input power；Annular hybrid network port
1 triple-frequency harmonics, in the input power of the dual-band antenna 1 of triple-frequency harmonics, realizes triple-frequency harmonics feedback, and by three as work
Subharmonic dual-band antenna 2 receives；
Step 4) in identical situation consistent with transmission power, is receiving, is misplacing between transmitting antenna and feed back function with triple-frequency harmonics
Rate is related, to realize antenna calibration by the triple-frequency harmonics feedback power received；Dual-band antenna 2 receives humorous three times
Wave feedback is related to dislocation angle, and when dislocation angle is zero degree, the triple-frequency harmonics feedback power received is maximum.
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| CN111181605A (en) * | 2020-01-03 | 2020-05-19 | 西交利物浦大学 | Wireless energy-carrying communication system based on third harmonic of recovery rectification circuit |
| CN114609621A (en) * | 2022-03-08 | 2022-06-10 | 西北工业大学太仓长三角研究院 | Polarization insensitive third harmonic radar system and signal transmission method |
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