CN206727219U - A kind of circular polarised array antenna and communication equipment - Google Patents
A kind of circular polarised array antenna and communication equipment Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本实用新型公开了一种圆极化阵列天线及通信设备,该天线中的椭圆贴片阵列中的各椭圆贴片通过各第一微带线与馈电网络的各输出端口连接以实现并联馈电,椭圆贴片阵列和馈电网络置于PCB板的上表面,地板置于PCB板的下表面,地板具有椭圆槽和矩形贴片,每一个椭圆槽和每一个矩形贴片为一组与一个椭圆贴片对应。椭圆槽和椭圆贴片之间具有环缝,从而构成电容加载,而椭圆贴片和矩形贴片之间耦合短路,从而构成电感加载。在此基础上,椭圆贴片的长轴和椭圆槽的长轴与第一微带线的投影夹角均为45度,从而在工作频段内实现圆极化辐射。由于椭圆贴片以及第一微带线的剖面都较低,所占体积也较小,因此,在圆极化的基础上,能够实现天线的小型化和低剖面设计。
The utility model discloses a circularly polarized array antenna and communication equipment. Each ellipse patch in the ellipse patch array in the antenna is connected to each output port of a feed network through each first microstrip line to realize parallel feed Electricity, elliptical patch array and feed network are placed on the upper surface of the PCB board, the floor is placed on the lower surface of the PCB board, the floor has elliptical slots and rectangular patches, and each elliptical slot and each rectangular patch is a group with An elliptical patch corresponds. There is a circular gap between the elliptical slot and the elliptical patch, thereby forming capacitive loading, and coupling and short circuit between the elliptical patch and the rectangular patch, thereby forming inductive loading. On this basis, the projection angles between the long axis of the elliptical patch and the long axis of the elliptical slot and the first microstrip line are both 45 degrees, so as to realize circularly polarized radiation in the working frequency band. Since the cross-sections of the elliptical patch and the first microstrip line are relatively low and occupy a small volume, the miniaturization and low-profile design of the antenna can be realized on the basis of circular polarization.
Description
技术领域technical field
本实用新型涉及射频技术领域,特别是涉及一种圆极化阵列天线及通信设备。The utility model relates to the field of radio frequency technology, in particular to a circularly polarized array antenna and communication equipment.
背景技术Background technique
随着现代通信技术的发展,对天线进行单纯的线极化很难满足通信要求。在线极化的基础上,产生了圆极化。圆极化天线具有可接收任意极化方式的来波,且其辐射波也可被任意极化方式的天线收到,有旋向正交性,能够抑制云雨干扰和抗多径反射等优点。With the development of modern communication technology, it is difficult to simply linearly polarize the antenna to meet the communication requirements. On the basis of linear polarization, circular polarization is generated. Circularly polarized antennas can receive incoming waves of any polarization mode, and their radiated waves can also be received by antennas of any polarization mode. They have the advantages of rotation orthogonality, ability to suppress cloud and rain interference, and anti-multipath reflection.
微带圆极化天线结合了微带天线和圆极化天线二者的优点,凭借其良好的电磁特性,广泛应用于无线应用,如:测量、通信、卫星、航天、全球定位系统和RFID系统等卫星通信、遥控、遥测技术。但是在具体实施中,圆极化的天线通常体积较大,轮廓较高,比较笨重,不易组装携带。Microstrip circularly polarized antennas combine the advantages of both microstrip antennas and circularly polarized antennas. With their good electromagnetic properties, they are widely used in wireless applications, such as: measurement, communication, satellite, aerospace, global positioning system and RFID systems Satellite communication, remote control, telemetry technology. However, in actual implementation, circularly polarized antennas are usually bulky, have a high profile, are relatively heavy, and are not easy to assemble and carry.
由此可见,如何实现天线的圆极化、小型化和低剖面设计是通信设备相关领域人员亟待解决的问题。It can be seen that how to realize the circular polarization, miniaturization and low-profile design of the antenna is an urgent problem to be solved by people in the field of communication equipment.
实用新型内容Utility model content
本实用新型的目的是提供一种圆极化阵列天线与通信设备,用于实现圆极化、小型化和低剖面设计。The purpose of the utility model is to provide a circular polarization array antenna and communication equipment for realizing circular polarization, miniaturization and low profile design.
为解决上述技术问题,本实用新型提供一种圆极化阵列天线,包括椭圆贴片阵列、与所述椭圆贴片阵列连接的馈电网络、PCB板和地板;In order to solve the above technical problems, the utility model provides a circularly polarized array antenna, including an elliptical patch array, a feed network connected to the elliptical patch array, a PCB board and a floor;
所述椭圆贴片阵列包括椭圆贴片和与所述椭圆贴片连接的第一微带线,各所述第一微带线通过并联馈电的方式与所述馈电网络连接,所述椭圆贴片阵列和所述馈电网络置于所述PCB板的上表面,所述地板置于所述PCB板的下表面,所述地板具有椭圆槽和矩形贴片,每一个所述椭圆槽和每一个所述矩形贴片为一组与所述椭圆贴片对应,所述椭圆槽与所述椭圆贴片之间具有环缝,所述矩形贴片与所述椭圆槽具有重叠部分且与所述椭圆贴片之间耦合短路,所述椭圆贴片的长轴和所述椭圆槽的长轴与所述第一微带线的投影夹角均为45度;The elliptical patch array includes an elliptical patch and a first microstrip line connected to the elliptical patch, and each of the first microstrip lines is connected to the feed network through parallel feeding, and the elliptical The patch array and the feed network are placed on the upper surface of the PCB, the floor is placed on the lower surface of the PCB, the floor has an elliptical groove and a rectangular patch, and each of the elliptical grooves and Each of the rectangular patches is a group corresponding to the elliptical patch, there is a circular seam between the elliptical groove and the elliptical patch, and the rectangular patch has an overlapping portion with the elliptical groove and is connected to the elliptical patch. The coupling short circuit between the elliptical patches, the major axis of the elliptical patch and the major axis of the elliptical slot and the projected angle of the first microstrip line are both 45 degrees;
其中,所述椭圆贴片和所述第一微带线的数量为2n,n为正整数。Wherein, the number of the elliptical patch and the first microstrip line is 2 n , and n is a positive integer.
优选地,n为2,所述椭圆贴片阵列的4个所述椭圆贴片依次为第一椭圆贴片、第二椭圆贴片、第三椭圆贴片和第四椭圆贴片,所述第一椭圆贴片和所述第二椭圆贴片的间距、所述第三椭圆贴片和所述第四椭圆贴片的间距均相同,且均大于所述第二椭圆贴片与所述第三椭圆贴片的间距;Preferably, n is 2, and the four elliptical patches of the elliptical patch array are sequentially the first elliptical patch, the second elliptical patch, the third elliptical patch and the fourth elliptical patch, and the fourth elliptical patch The distance between an elliptical patch and the second elliptical patch, the distance between the third elliptical patch and the fourth elliptical patch are the same, and are larger than the distance between the second elliptical patch and the third elliptical patch. The spacing of the elliptical patches;
相对应的,4个所述椭圆槽依次为第一椭圆槽、第二椭圆槽、第三椭圆槽和第四椭圆槽,所述第一椭圆槽和所述第二椭圆槽的间距、所述第三椭圆槽和所述第四椭圆槽的间距均相同,且大于所述第二椭圆槽和所述第三椭圆槽的间距,所述第二椭圆槽和所述第三椭圆槽连通。Correspondingly, the four elliptical grooves are sequentially the first elliptical groove, the second elliptical groove, the third elliptical groove and the fourth elliptical groove, the distance between the first elliptical groove and the second elliptical groove, the The distance between the third oval groove and the fourth oval groove is the same and greater than the distance between the second oval groove and the third oval groove, and the second oval groove communicates with the third oval groove.
优选地,所述椭圆贴片的长轴是天线工作频率所对应波长的0.34倍,长轴和短轴的比是1.0438,所述椭圆槽的长轴和短轴的比也为1.0438;Preferably, the major axis of the elliptical patch is 0.34 times the wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency of the antenna, the ratio of the major axis to the minor axis is 1.0438, and the ratio of the major axis to the minor axis of the elliptical slot is also 1.0438;
其中,所述天线工作频率在5.8GHz,ISM频段。Wherein, the working frequency of the antenna is 5.8GHz, ISM frequency band.
优选地,所述第一椭圆贴片和所述第二椭圆贴片的间距、所述第三椭圆贴片和所述第四椭圆贴片的间距均为所述天线工作频率所对应波长的二分之一。Preferably, the distance between the first elliptical patch and the second elliptical patch, the distance between the third elliptical patch and the fourth elliptical patch are two times the wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency of the antenna. one-third.
优选地,所述馈电网络包括至少一种微带线和与所述微带线连接的T型转换器。Preferably, the feed network includes at least one type of microstrip line and a T-type converter connected to the microstrip line.
优选地,所述馈电网络具体包括阻抗为50欧姆的第二微带线,阻抗为70.71欧姆的第三微带线、阻抗为100欧姆的第四微带线和3个所述T型转换器;Preferably, the feed network specifically includes a second microstrip line with an impedance of 50 ohms, a third microstrip line with an impedance of 70.71 ohms, a fourth microstrip line with an impedance of 100 ohms, and three T-type switches device;
其中,4条所述第二微带线分别与4条所述第一微带线连接,再与4条所述第三微带线连接,4条所述第三微带线再与4条所述第四微带线连接,4条所述第四微带线两两通过第一T型转换器和第二T型转换器连接,所述第一T型转换器和所述第二T型转换器均依次连接所述第二微带线,所述第三微带线和所述第四微带线连接后再通过第三T型转换器连接,所述第三T型转换器与所述第二微带线连接,作为单点馈电接口;Wherein, 4 described second microstrip lines are respectively connected with 4 described first microstrip lines, then are connected with 4 described third microstrip lines, and 4 described third microstrip lines are connected with 4 described third microstrip lines The fourth microstrip line is connected, and the four fourth microstrip lines are connected in pairs through the first T-type converter and the second T-type converter, and the first T-type converter and the second T-type converter Type converters are connected to the second microstrip line in turn, the third microstrip line is connected to the fourth microstrip line and then connected through a third T-type converter, and the third T-type converter is connected to the fourth microstrip line. The second microstrip line is connected as a single-point feed interface;
其中,n为2,所述第一微带线的阻抗为50欧姆。Wherein, n is 2, and the impedance of the first microstrip line is 50 ohms.
优选地,所述PCB板为矩形单层双面PCB板,相对介电常数为4.4,正切损耗为0.02,厚度为1mm。Preferably, the PCB board is a rectangular single-layer double-sided PCB board with a relative permittivity of 4.4, a tangent loss of 0.02, and a thickness of 1mm.
优选地,所述PCB板的双面覆铜板的厚度均为35μm。Preferably, the thickness of the double-sided copper-clad laminates of the PCB is 35 μm.
优选地,所述第一椭圆贴片和所述第二椭圆贴片的间距、所述第三椭圆贴片和所述第四椭圆贴片的间距均是25mm,所述第二椭圆贴片与所述第三椭圆贴片的间距为19mm,所述矩形贴片长15mm,宽1.85mm,且所述矩形贴片靠近所述椭圆槽的圆心的一边距离所述圆心的水平距离为6.12mm,所述矩形贴片的底边与所述圆心的垂直距离为0.2mm;Preferably, the distance between the first ellipse patch and the second ellipse patch, the distance between the third ellipse patch and the fourth ellipse patch are all 25 mm, and the distance between the second ellipse patch and the fourth ellipse patch is 25 mm. The distance between the third elliptical patch is 19mm, the rectangular patch is 15mm long and 1.85mm wide, and the horizontal distance between the side of the rectangular patch close to the center of the elliptical groove and the center of the circle is 6.12mm, The vertical distance between the bottom edge of the rectangular patch and the center of the circle is 0.2mm;
所述第一椭圆槽和所述第二椭圆槽的间距、所述第三椭圆槽和所述第四椭圆槽的间距均为25mm,所述第二椭圆槽和所述第三椭圆槽的间距是19mm;The distance between the first oval groove and the second oval groove, the distance between the third oval groove and the fourth oval groove is 25mm, the distance between the second oval groove and the third oval groove is 19mm;
其中,所述天线工作频率所对应波长为50mm。Wherein, the wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency of the antenna is 50 mm.
为解决上述技术问题,本实用新型还提供一种通信设备,包括所述的圆极化阵列天线。In order to solve the above technical problems, the utility model also provides a communication device, including the circularly polarized array antenna.
本实用新型所提供的圆极化阵列天线,椭圆贴片阵列中的各椭圆贴片通过各第一微带线与馈电网络并联馈电,椭圆贴片阵列和馈电网络置于PCB板的上表面,地板置于PCB板的下表面,地板具有椭圆槽和矩形贴片,每一个椭圆槽和每一个矩形贴片为一组与一个椭圆贴片对应。椭圆槽和椭圆贴片之间具有环缝,从而构成电容加载,而椭圆贴片和矩形贴片之间耦合短路,从而构成电感加载,在此基础上,椭圆贴片的长轴和椭圆槽的长轴与第一微带线的投影夹角均为45度,从而在工作频段内实现圆极化辐射。由于椭圆贴片以及第一微带线的剖面都较低,厚度较小,所占体积也较小,因此,在圆极化的基础上,能够实现天线的小型化和低剖面设计且该天线成本较低,易集成,可广泛应用于无线通信领域。In the circularly polarized array antenna provided by the utility model, each elliptical patch in the elliptical patch array is fed in parallel with the feed network through each first microstrip line, and the elliptical patch array and the feed network are placed on the PCB board. On the upper surface, the floor is placed on the lower surface of the PCB board. The floor has elliptical grooves and rectangular patches, and each elliptical groove and each rectangular patch corresponds to an elliptical patch. There is a ring seam between the elliptical slot and the elliptical patch, which constitutes capacitive loading, while the coupling short circuit between the elliptical patch and the rectangular patch constitutes inductive loading. On this basis, the long axis of the elliptical patch and the length of the elliptical slot The projection angles between the long axis and the first microstrip line are both 45 degrees, so as to realize circularly polarized radiation in the working frequency band. Since the profiles of the elliptical patch and the first microstrip line are low, the thickness is small, and the volume occupied is small, the miniaturization and low-profile design of the antenna can be realized on the basis of circular polarization, and the antenna The cost is low, easy to integrate, and can be widely used in the field of wireless communication.
此外,本实用新型还提供一种包含上述天线的通信设备,同样具有上述有益效果。In addition, the utility model also provides a communication device including the above-mentioned antenna, which also has the above-mentioned beneficial effects.
附图说明Description of drawings
为了更清楚地说明本实用新型实施例,下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图做简单的介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本实用新型的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。In order to illustrate the embodiment of the utility model more clearly, the accompanying drawings that need to be used in the embodiment will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the utility model. For those skilled in the art Ordinary technicians can also obtain other drawings based on these drawings on the premise of not paying creative work.
图1为本实用新型实施例提供的一种圆极化阵列天线的结构图;Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of a circularly polarized array antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图2为本实用新型实施例提供的一种椭圆贴片阵列的结构图;Fig. 2 is a structural diagram of an elliptical patch array provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图3为本实用新型实施例提供的一种馈电网络的结构图;FIG. 3 is a structural diagram of a feed network provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图4为本实用新型实施例提供的一种地板的结构图;Fig. 4 is a structural diagram of a floor provided by the embodiment of the present invention;
图5为本实用新型实施例提供的一种圆极化阵列天线的回波损耗图;Fig. 5 is a return loss diagram of a circularly polarized array antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图6为本实用新型实施例提供的一种圆极化阵列天线的电磁仿真轴比曲线图;Fig. 6 is an electromagnetic simulation axial ratio curve diagram of a circularly polarized array antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
附图标记如下:1为椭圆贴片阵列、2为馈电网络、3为PCB板、4为地板、12为第一微带线、111为第一椭圆贴片、112为第二椭圆贴片、113为第三椭圆贴片、114为第四椭圆贴片、411为第一椭圆槽、412为第二椭圆槽、413为第三椭圆槽413、414为第四椭圆槽、O为圆心、21为第二微带线,22为第三微带线22、23为第四微带线、241为第一T型转换器、242为第二T型转换器、243为第三T型转换器、42为矩形贴片。The reference signs are as follows: 1 is the elliptical patch array, 2 is the feed network, 3 is the PCB board, 4 is the floor, 12 is the first microstrip line, 111 is the first elliptical patch, 112 is the second elliptical patch , 113 is the third oval patch, 114 is the fourth oval patch, 411 is the first oval groove, 412 is the second oval groove, 413 is the third oval groove, 413, 414 is the fourth oval groove, O is the center of the circle, 21 is the second microstrip line, 22 is the third microstrip line 22, 23 is the fourth microstrip line, 241 is the first T-type converter, 242 is the second T-type converter, 243 is the third T-type conversion Device, 42 is a rectangular patch.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面将结合本实用新型实施例中的附图,对本实用新型实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本实用新型一部分实施例,而不是全部实施例。基于本实用新型中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下,所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本实用新型保护范围。The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. . Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present utility model.
本实用新型的核心是提供一种圆极化阵列天线与通信设备,用于实现圆极化、小型化和低剖面设计。The core of the utility model is to provide a circular polarization array antenna and communication equipment for realizing circular polarization, miniaturization and low profile design.
为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本实用新型方案,下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本实用新型作进一步的详细说明。In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solution of the utility model, the utility model will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
图1为本实用新型实施例提供的一种圆极化阵列天线的结构图。图2为本实用新型实施例提供的一种椭圆贴片阵列的结构图。图3为本实用新型实施例提供的一种馈电网络的结构图。图4为本实用新型实施例提供的一种地板的结构图。需要说明的是,图1是以椭圆贴片和第一微带线为4个为例说明。如图1所述,该天线包括椭圆贴片阵列1、与椭圆贴片阵列1连接的馈电网络2、PCB板3和地板4。FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of a circularly polarized array antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 2 is a structural diagram of an elliptical patch array provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 3 is a structural diagram of a feeding network provided by an embodiment of the utility model. Fig. 4 is a structural diagram of a floor provided by the embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that in FIG. 1 , four elliptical patches and first microstrip lines are taken as an example for illustration. As shown in FIG. 1 , the antenna includes an elliptical patch array 1 , a feed network 2 connected to the elliptical patch array 1 , a PCB board 3 and a floor 4 .
椭圆贴片阵列1包括椭圆贴片和与椭圆贴片连接的第一微带线12,各第一微带线12通过并联馈电的方式与馈电网络2连接,椭圆贴片阵列1和馈电网络2置于PCB板3的上表面,地板4置于PCB板3的下表面,地板4具有椭圆槽和矩形贴片42,每一个椭圆槽和每一个矩形贴片42为一组与椭圆贴片对应,椭圆槽与椭圆贴片42之间具有环缝,矩形贴片42与椭圆槽具有重叠部分且与椭圆贴片之间耦合短路,椭圆贴片的长轴和椭圆槽的长轴与第一微带线的投影夹角均为45度;The elliptical patch array 1 includes an elliptical patch and a first microstrip line 12 connected to the elliptical patch, and each first microstrip line 12 is connected to the feed network 2 through a parallel feeding mode, and the elliptical patch array 1 and the feeder The electrical network 2 is placed on the upper surface of the PCB 3, the floor 4 is placed on the lower surface of the PCB 3, the floor 4 has an elliptical groove and a rectangular patch 42, and each elliptical groove and each rectangular patch 42 form a group with the elliptical Corresponding to the patch, there is a circular seam between the elliptical groove and the elliptical patch 42, the rectangular patch 42 has an overlapping part with the elliptical patch and is coupled with the elliptical patch, and the major axis of the elliptical patch and the major axis of the elliptical groove are in line with the The projection angles of the first microstrip line are both 45 degrees;
其中,椭圆贴片和第一微带线的数量为2n,n为正整数。Wherein, the number of the elliptical patch and the first microstrip line is 2 n , and n is a positive integer.
如图1所示,当n为2时,椭圆贴片阵列1就包含4个椭圆贴片,依次为第一椭圆贴片111、第二椭圆贴片112、第三椭圆贴片113和第四椭圆贴片114。则对应的,4个椭圆槽依次为第一椭圆槽411、第二椭圆槽412、第三椭圆槽413和第四椭圆槽414。As shown in Figure 1, when n is 2, the elliptical patch array 1 includes four elliptical patches, which are the first elliptical patch 111, the second elliptical patch 112, the third elliptical patch 113 and the fourth elliptical patch. Oval patch 114 . Correspondingly, the four oval grooves are the first oval groove 411 , the second oval groove 412 , the third oval groove 413 and the fourth oval groove 414 in sequence.
在具体实施中各椭圆贴片的结构是相同的,即第二椭圆贴片112、第三椭圆贴片113和第四椭圆贴片114与第一椭圆贴片111的结构相同。In specific implementation, the structures of the elliptical patches are the same, that is, the structures of the second elliptical patch 112 , the third elliptical patch 113 and the fourth elliptical patch 114 are the same as those of the first elliptical patch 111 .
本实施例中,椭圆贴片的长轴和椭圆槽的长轴与第一微带线12的投影夹角均为45度是为了得到两个幅度相等、相位相差90度的线极化波,这样才能得到圆极化波的辐射;另外椭圆槽与椭圆贴片形成的环缝构成电容加载,椭圆贴片和矩形贴片42耦合短路构成电感加载,从而在工作频段内实现圆极化辐射。需要说明的是,环缝的形成需要椭圆槽的面积大于椭圆贴片的面积。In this embodiment, the angle between the long axis of the elliptical patch and the long axis of the elliptical groove and the projection of the first microstrip line 12 is 45 degrees in order to obtain two linearly polarized waves with equal amplitudes and a phase difference of 90 degrees. Only in this way can the radiation of circularly polarized waves be obtained; in addition, the annular seam formed by the elliptical groove and the elliptical patch constitutes capacitive loading, and the coupled short circuit between the elliptical patch and the rectangular patch 42 constitutes inductive loading, thereby realizing circularly polarized radiation within the working frequency band. It should be noted that the formation of the annular seam requires that the area of the elliptical groove be larger than the area of the elliptical patch.
此外,椭圆贴片以及第一微带线12的剖面都较低,厚度较小,所占体积也较小,因此,如果将这样的天线安装在飞行器表面的时候,低剖面天线能和飞行器表面很好的共形,不会对飞行器本身产生额外的空气动力学效应。In addition, the profiles of the elliptical patch and the first microstrip line 12 are all low, the thickness is small, and the volume occupied is also small. Therefore, if such an antenna is installed on the surface of the aircraft, the low-profile antenna can be integrated with the surface of the aircraft. Very conformal without additional aerodynamic effects on the vehicle itself.
在具体实施中,虽然可以使用同轴馈电来实现圆极化,但电路板集成化难度较大,不利于安装。因此,本实施例中,通过采用单点馈电方式,既能实现圆极化,又方便安装。In actual implementation, although coaxial feed can be used to achieve circular polarization, it is difficult to integrate the circuit board, which is not conducive to installation. Therefore, in this embodiment, by adopting a single-point feeding method, circular polarization can be realized and installation is convenient.
本实施例提供的圆极化阵列天线,椭圆贴片阵列中的各椭圆贴片通过各第一微带线与馈电网络并联馈电,椭圆贴片阵列和馈电网络置于PCB板的上表面,地板置于PCB板的下表面,地板具有椭圆槽和矩形贴片,每一个椭圆槽和每一个矩形贴片为一组与一个椭圆贴片对应。椭圆槽和椭圆贴片之间具有环缝,从而构成电容加载,而椭圆贴片和矩形贴片之间耦合短路,从而构成电感加载,在此基础上,椭圆贴片的长轴和椭圆槽的长轴与第一微带线的投影夹角均为45度,从而在工作频段内实现圆极化辐射。由于椭圆贴片以及第一微带线的剖面都较低,厚度较小,所占体积也较小,因此,在圆极化的基础上,能够实现天线的小型化和低剖面设计且该天线成本较低,易集成,可广泛应用于无线通信领域。In the circularly polarized array antenna provided by this embodiment, each elliptical patch in the elliptical patch array is fed in parallel with the feed network through each first microstrip line, and the elliptical patch array and the feed network are placed on the PCB board. On the surface, the floor is placed on the lower surface of the PCB, and the floor has elliptical grooves and rectangular patches, and each elliptical groove and each rectangular patch is a group corresponding to an elliptical patch. There is a ring seam between the elliptical slot and the elliptical patch, which constitutes capacitive loading, while the coupling short circuit between the elliptical patch and the rectangular patch constitutes inductive loading. On this basis, the long axis of the elliptical patch and the length of the elliptical slot The projection angles between the long axis and the first microstrip line are both 45 degrees, so as to realize circularly polarized radiation in the working frequency band. Since the profiles of the elliptical patch and the first microstrip line are low, the thickness is small, and the volume occupied is small, the miniaturization and low-profile design of the antenna can be realized on the basis of circular polarization, and the antenna The cost is low, easy to integrate, and can be widely used in the field of wireless communication.
可以理解的是,在具体实施中,可以将椭圆贴片阵列和馈电网络集成于一体,能够在使用中更加方便。It can be understood that, in a specific implementation, the elliptical patch array and the feed network can be integrated into one body, which can be more convenient in use.
在上述实施例的基础上,n为2,椭圆贴片阵列1的4个椭圆贴片依次为第一椭圆贴片111、第二椭圆贴片112、第三椭圆贴片113和第四椭圆贴片114,第一椭圆贴片111和第二椭圆贴片112的间距、第三椭圆贴片113和第四椭圆贴片114的间距均相同,且均大于第二椭圆贴片112与第三椭圆贴片113的间距。On the basis of the above embodiment, n is 2, and the four elliptical patches of the elliptical patch array 1 are the first elliptical patch 111, the second elliptical patch 112, the third elliptical patch 113 and the fourth elliptical patch piece 114, the distance between the first ellipse patch 111 and the second ellipse patch 112, the distance between the third ellipse patch 113 and the fourth ellipse patch 114 are all the same, and are larger than the distance between the second ellipse patch 112 and the third ellipse patch 112. The pitch of the patches 113 .
相对应的,4个椭圆槽依次为第一椭圆槽411、第二椭圆槽412、第三椭圆槽413和第四椭圆槽414,第一椭圆槽411和第二椭圆槽412的间距、第三椭圆槽413和第四椭圆槽414的间距均相同,且大于第二椭圆槽412和第三椭圆槽413的间距,第二椭圆槽412和第三椭圆槽413连通。Correspondingly, the four oval grooves are the first oval groove 411, the second oval groove 412, the third oval groove 413 and the fourth oval groove 414, the distance between the first oval groove 411 and the second oval groove 412, the third The distances between the elliptical grooves 413 and the fourth elliptical grooves 414 are the same and greater than the distances between the second elliptical grooves 412 and the third elliptical grooves 413 , and the second elliptical grooves 412 and the third elliptical grooves 413 are connected.
为了实现圆极化,模型对称性很重要,这样也能加强馈电网络的稳定性,因此,本实用新型中椭圆贴片阵列1中的椭圆贴片的数量为2n,本实施例中n为2,如果n为3,则可以将图2中4个椭圆贴片看作一个阵元,依次往后是8、16、32,最后通过馈电网络2与馈电点连接。In order to achieve circular polarization, the symmetry of the model is very important, which can also strengthen the stability of the feed network. Therefore, the number of elliptical patches in the elliptical patch array 1 in the utility model is 2 n , and n in this embodiment is 2, if n is 3, the four elliptical patches in Figure 2 can be regarded as an array element, followed by 8, 16, and 32, and finally connected to the feed point through the feed network 2.
本实施例中,地板4上的第二椭圆槽412和第三椭圆槽413之间有重合部分,将重合部分挖掉形成连通,从而在工作频段内实现圆极化辐射。可以理解的是,如果n为1的话,则相当于只有第一椭圆槽411和第二椭圆槽412,因此,也就无需连通。In this embodiment, there is an overlapping portion between the second elliptical groove 412 and the third elliptical groove 413 on the floor 4, and the overlapping portion is dug out to form a connection, thereby realizing circularly polarized radiation within the working frequency band. It can be understood that if n is 1, it means that there are only the first elliptical groove 411 and the second elliptical groove 412 , therefore, there is no need for communication.
作为优选地实施方式,椭圆贴片的长轴是天线工作频率所对应波长的0.34倍,长轴和短轴的比是1.0438,椭圆槽的长轴和短轴的比也为1.0438;As a preferred embodiment, the major axis of the elliptical patch is 0.34 times the wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency of the antenna, the ratio of the major axis to the minor axis is 1.0438, and the ratio of the major axis to the minor axis of the elliptical slot is also 1.0438;
其中,天线工作频率在5.8GHz,ISM频段。Among them, the working frequency of the antenna is 5.8GHz, the ISM frequency band.
作为优选地实施方式,第一椭圆贴片111和第二椭圆贴片112的间距、第三椭圆贴片113和第四椭圆贴片114的间距均为天线工作频率所对应波长的二分之一。As a preferred embodiment, the spacing between the first elliptical patch 111 and the second elliptical patch 112, the spacing between the third elliptical patch 113 and the fourth elliptical patch 114 are all half of the wavelength corresponding to the antenna operating frequency .
本实施例中,将间距定为波长的二分之一,使得阵元辐射既不出现栅瓣,又能获得尽可能大的方向性。In this embodiment, the spacing is set as half of the wavelength, so that the array element radiation does not appear grating lobes, and can obtain as large a directivity as possible.
在具体实施中,当天线工作频率所对应波长为50mm时,则对应的,第一椭圆贴片111和第二椭圆贴片112的间距、第三椭圆贴片113和第四椭圆贴片114的间距均是25mm,第二椭圆贴片112与第三椭圆贴片113的间距为19mm,矩形贴片42长15mm,即L3=15mm,宽1.85mm,即W3=1.85mm,且矩形贴片42靠近椭圆槽的圆心O的一边距离圆心O的水平距离为6.12mm,矩形贴片42的底边与圆心O的垂直距离为0.2mm。In a specific implementation, when the wavelength corresponding to the antenna operating frequency is 50mm, then correspondingly, the distance between the first elliptical patch 111 and the second elliptical patch 112, the distance between the third elliptical patch 113 and the fourth elliptical patch 114 The spacing is 25mm, the distance between the second elliptical patch 112 and the third elliptical patch 113 is 19mm, the length of the rectangular patch 42 is 15mm, that is, L3=15mm, and the width is 1.85mm, that is, W3=1.85mm, and the rectangular patch 42 The horizontal distance between the side of the center O of the elliptical groove and the center O is 6.12 mm, and the vertical distance between the bottom of the rectangular patch 42 and the center O is 0.2 mm.
第一椭圆槽411和第二椭圆槽412的间距、第三椭圆槽413和第四椭圆槽414的间距均为25mm,第二椭圆槽412和第三椭圆槽413的间距是19mm。The distance between the first oval groove 411 and the second oval groove 412 , the distance between the third oval groove 413 and the fourth oval groove 414 are all 25 mm, and the distance between the second oval groove 412 and the third oval groove 413 is 19 mm.
则相对应的,此时,椭圆贴片的长轴的尺寸a1为17.35mm,短轴的尺寸b1为16.62mm,椭圆槽的长轴的尺寸a2为22mm,短轴的尺寸b2为21.07mm。Correspondingly, at this time, the dimension a1 of the major axis of the elliptical patch is 17.35mm, the dimension b1 of the minor axis is 16.62mm, the dimension a2 of the major axis of the elliptical groove is 22mm, and the dimension b2 of the minor axis is 21.07mm.
在上述实施例的基础上,馈电网络2包括至少一种微带线和与微带线连接的T型转换器。On the basis of the above embodiments, the feed network 2 includes at least one type of microstrip line and a T-type converter connected to the microstrip line.
可以理解的是,馈电网络2要通过并联馈电方式与多个第一微带线12连接,因此,馈电网络中微带线的种类的选取需要根据实际情况设定,但是至少包含一种,并且为了实现单点馈电,采用T型转换器实现。至于T型转换器的数量也需要根据第一微带线12的数量而定。It can be understood that the feed network 2 is to be connected to a plurality of first microstrip lines 12 in a parallel feed mode, therefore, the selection of the type of microstrip lines in the feed network needs to be set according to the actual situation, but at least one Kind, and in order to realize single-point feed, adopt T-type converter to realize. The number of T-type converters also needs to be determined according to the number of the first microstrip lines 12 .
作为一种优选地实施方式,n为2,第一微带线12的阻抗为50欧姆,且需要得到50欧姆的SMA连接器时,可以具体采用如下方式。As a preferred implementation manner, n is 2, the impedance of the first microstrip line 12 is 50 ohms, and when it is necessary to obtain a 50 ohm SMA connector, the following manner can be specifically adopted.
第一微带线12的输入阻抗为50Ω,长度尺寸L2为8mm,宽度尺寸W2为1.82mm。馈电网络2具体包括阻抗为50欧姆的第二微带线21,阻抗为70.71欧姆的第三微带线22、阻抗为100欧姆的第四微带线23和3个T型转换器;The input impedance of the first microstrip line 12 is 50Ω, the length dimension L2 is 8mm, and the width dimension W2 is 1.82mm. The feed network 2 specifically includes a second microstrip line 21 with an impedance of 50 ohms, a third microstrip line 22 with an impedance of 70.71 ohms, a fourth microstrip line 23 with an impedance of 100 ohms, and three T-type converters;
其中,4条第二微带线21分别与4条第一微带线12连接,再与4条第三微带线22连接,4条第三微带线22再与4条第四微带线23连接,4条第四微带线23两两通过第一T型转换器241和第二T型转换器242连接,第一T型转换器241和第二T型转换器242均依次连接第二微带线21,第三微带线22和第四微带线23后再通过第三T型转换器243连接,第三T型转换器243与第二微带线28连接,作为单点馈电接口。Among them, the four second microstrip lines 21 are respectively connected to the four first microstrip lines 12, and then connected to the four third microstrip lines 22, and the four third microstrip lines 22 are connected to the four fourth microstrip lines. The four fourth microstrip lines 23 are connected in pairs by the first T-type converter 241 and the second T-type converter 242, and the first T-type converter 241 and the second T-type converter 242 are connected in sequence The second microstrip line 21, the third microstrip line 22 and the fourth microstrip line 23 are connected through the third T-type converter 243, and the third T-type converter 243 is connected with the second microstrip line 28 as a single Point feed interface.
需要说明的是,本实用新型中的第一、第二微带线等只是对微带线的类型区分,并不是单指某一条微带线。例如图3中,虽然第一微带线12和第三微带线22之间连接有第二微带线21,第一T型转换器241和第三微带线22之间连接有第二微带线21,但是这两条微带线并不是同一条微带线,只是类型相同。It should be noted that the first and second microstrip lines in the present invention only distinguish types of microstrip lines, and do not refer to a single microstrip line. For example, in FIG. 3, although the second microstrip line 21 is connected between the first microstrip line 12 and the third microstrip line 22, the second microstrip line 241 is connected between the first T-type converter 241 and the third microstrip line 22. The microstrip line 21, but these two microstrip lines are not the same microstrip line, but are of the same type.
可以理解的是,最后与第三T型转换器连接的微带线的类型需要根据SMA连接器的阻抗决定。It can be understood that the type of the microstrip line finally connected to the third T-type converter needs to be determined according to the impedance of the SMA connector.
在上述实施例的基础上,PCB板3为矩形单层双面PCB板,相对介电常数为4.4,正切损耗为0.02,厚度为1mm。On the basis of the above embodiments, the PCB board 3 is a rectangular single-layer double-sided PCB board with a relative permittivity of 4.4, a tangent loss of 0.02, and a thickness of 1mm.
作为优选地实施方式,PCB板3的双面覆铜板的厚度均为35μm。As a preferred embodiment, the thickness of the double-sided copper-clad laminates of the PCB board 3 is 35 μm.
在具体实施中,PCB板3可以选用FR4_epoxy微波材料,PCB板3的尺寸可以与椭圆贴片阵列1的尺寸相同,即长度尺寸L1为109mm,宽度尺寸W1为63.66mm。In a specific implementation, the PCB board 3 can be made of FR4_epoxy microwave material, and the size of the PCB board 3 can be the same as that of the elliptical patch array 1, that is, the length dimension L1 is 109 mm, and the width dimension W1 is 63.66 mm.
为了验证本实用新型实施例提供的圆极化阵列天线的各方面的性能。下文给出具体的仿真图。图5为本实用新型实施例提供的一种圆极化阵列天线的回波损耗图。如图5所示,该天线的工作中心频率为5.8GHz,工作频带为4GHz-6GHz,绝对带宽达到2GHz,满足宽带天线的要求。图6为本实用新型实施例提供的一种圆极化阵列天线的电磁仿真轴比曲线图。如图5所示,在主辐射方向-45.0deg-18.9deg范围内,轴比均小于3dB,表明圆极化效果较好。In order to verify the performance of various aspects of the circularly polarized array antenna provided by the embodiment of the present invention. The specific simulation diagram is given below. Fig. 5 is a return loss diagram of a circularly polarized array antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 5, the working center frequency of the antenna is 5.8GHz, the working frequency band is 4GHz-6GHz, and the absolute bandwidth reaches 2GHz, which meets the requirements of a broadband antenna. Fig. 6 is an electromagnetic simulation axial ratio curve diagram of a circularly polarized array antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 5, within the range of -45.0deg-18.9deg in the main radiation direction, the axial ratios are all less than 3dB, indicating that the circular polarization effect is better.
在上述实例中,对于圆极化阵列天线的实施例进行了详细描述,本实用新型还提供一种包含该圆极化阵列天线的通信设备。该通信设备除通信设备本体外,包括上述实施例所述的圆极化阵列天线。In the above examples, the embodiments of the circularly polarized array antenna are described in detail, and the utility model also provides a communication device including the circularly polarized array antenna. In addition to the communication device body, the communication device includes the circularly polarized array antenna described in the above embodiments.
由于圆极化阵列天线部分的实施例在上文中进行了描述,因此本实施例中,不再赘述。可以理解的是,通信设备的种类可以为手机、平板电脑等电子产品。Since the embodiments of the circularly polarized array antenna part are described above, details are not repeated in this embodiment. It can be understood that the types of communication devices may be electronic products such as mobile phones and tablet computers.
本实施例提供的通信设备,包括圆极化阵列天线,椭圆贴片阵列中的各椭圆贴片通过各第一微带线与馈电网络并联馈电,椭圆贴片阵列和馈电网络置于PCB板的上表面,地板置于PCB板的小表面,地板具有椭圆槽和矩形贴片,每一个椭圆槽和每一个矩形贴片为一组与一个椭圆贴片对应。椭圆槽和椭圆贴片之间具有环缝,从而构成电容加载,而椭圆贴片和矩形贴片之间耦合短路,从而构成电感加载,在此基础上,椭圆贴片的长轴和椭圆槽的长轴与第一微带线的投影夹角均为45度,从而在工作频段内实现圆极化辐射。由于椭圆贴片以及第一微带线的剖面都较低,厚度较小,所占体积也较小,因此,在圆极化的基础上,能够实现天线的小型化和低剖面设计且该天线成本较低,易集成,可广泛应用于无线通信领域。The communication equipment provided in this embodiment includes a circularly polarized array antenna, and each elliptical patch in the elliptical patch array is fed in parallel with the feeding network through each first microstrip line, and the elliptical patch array and the feeding network are placed On the upper surface of the PCB, the floor is placed on the small surface of the PCB. The floor has an elliptical groove and a rectangular patch, and each elliptical groove and each rectangular patch are a group corresponding to an elliptical patch. There is a ring seam between the elliptical slot and the elliptical patch, which constitutes capacitive loading, while the coupling short circuit between the elliptical patch and the rectangular patch constitutes inductive loading. On this basis, the long axis of the elliptical patch and the length of the elliptical slot The projection angles between the long axis and the first microstrip line are both 45 degrees, so as to realize circularly polarized radiation in the working frequency band. Since the profiles of the elliptical patch and the first microstrip line are low, the thickness is small, and the volume occupied is small, the miniaturization and low-profile design of the antenna can be realized on the basis of circular polarization, and the antenna The cost is low, easy to integrate, and can be widely used in the field of wireless communication.
以上对本实用新型所提供的圆极化阵列天线及通信设备进行了详细介绍。说明书中各个实施例采用递进的方式描述,每个实施例重点说明的都是与其他实施例的不同之处,各个实施例之间相同相似部分互相参见即可。对于实施例公开的装置而言,由于其与实施例公开的方法相对应,所以描述的比较简单,相关之处参见方法部分说明即可。应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本实用新型原理的前提下,还可以对本实用新型进行若干改进和修饰,这些改进和修饰也落入本实用新型权利要求的保护范围内。The circular polarized array antenna and the communication equipment provided by the utility model have been introduced in detail above. Each embodiment in the description is described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on the difference from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts of each embodiment can be referred to each other. As for the device disclosed in the embodiment, since it corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and for the related part, please refer to the description of the method part. It should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the utility model, some improvements and modifications can also be made to the utility model, and these improvements and modifications also fall into the protection of the claims of the utility model. within range.
还需要说明的是,在本说明书中,诸如第一和第二等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来,而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。而且,术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含,从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素,而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素,或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下,由语句“包括一个……”限定的要素,并不排除在包括所述要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备中还存在另外的相同要素。It should also be noted that in this specification, relative terms such as first and second are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply that these entities or operations There is no such actual relationship or order between the operations. Furthermore, the term "comprises", "comprises" or any other variation thereof is intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion such that a process, method, article or apparatus comprising a set of elements includes not only those elements, but also includes elements not expressly listed. other elements of or also include elements inherent in such a process, method, article, or device. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising a ..." does not exclude the presence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article or apparatus comprising said element.
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Cited By (4)
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CN106981719A (en) * | 2017-05-16 | 2017-07-25 | 广东工业大学 | A kind of circular polarised array antenna and communication equipment |
CN111525250A (en) * | 2020-05-26 | 2020-08-11 | 安徽大学 | Broadband semi-elliptical slot antenna array and design method in mmWave antenna-level package |
CN111525280A (en) * | 2020-04-10 | 2020-08-11 | 上海交通大学 | Circularly polarized scanning array antenna based on Rotman lens |
US11876308B2 (en) | 2021-03-04 | 2024-01-16 | Boe Technology Group Co., Ltd. | Micro-wave transducer and manufacturing method thereof |
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Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN106981719A (en) * | 2017-05-16 | 2017-07-25 | 广东工业大学 | A kind of circular polarised array antenna and communication equipment |
CN106981719B (en) * | 2017-05-16 | 2023-03-24 | 广东工业大学 | Circularly polarized array antenna and communication equipment |
CN111525280A (en) * | 2020-04-10 | 2020-08-11 | 上海交通大学 | Circularly polarized scanning array antenna based on Rotman lens |
CN111525250A (en) * | 2020-05-26 | 2020-08-11 | 安徽大学 | Broadband semi-elliptical slot antenna array and design method in mmWave antenna-level package |
CN111525250B (en) * | 2020-05-26 | 2022-03-25 | 安徽大学 | Broadband semi-elliptical slot antenna array in millimeter wave antenna level packaging and design method |
US11876308B2 (en) | 2021-03-04 | 2024-01-16 | Boe Technology Group Co., Ltd. | Micro-wave transducer and manufacturing method thereof |
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