CN109580609B - Frozen soil observation method and device based on colorimetric method - Google Patents
Frozen soil observation method and device based on colorimetric method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a frozen soil observation method and a frozen soil observation device based on a colorimetric method, which belong to the technical field of frozen soil observation. The frozen soil depth identification principle is simple, the precision of measuring the frozen soil depth is high, the research and observation of the frozen soil depth under the experimental environment are facilitated, and the measurement precision of the frozen soil equipment is verified by utilizing the frozen soil depth detected by the frozen soil observation method and the device.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of frozen soil observation, and particularly relates to a frozen soil observation method and device based on a colorimetric method.
Background
The frozen soil is an index reflecting the thermal state of the soil and has important significance on researching the heat exchange between the ground and the atmosphere. In order to understand the frozen state of soil in various regions, some soils are often taken for research and observation of frozen soil depth at different temperatures. At the moment, the observation is generally carried out by adopting a manual hole digging method or a frozen soil drilling hole method, and the method has the advantages of complex operation, strong subjectivity and lower observation precision.
In order to observe the degree of freezing of soil, frozen soil equipment can be used to realize automatic measurement of the depth of frozen soil, for example, "an automatic frozen soil observation device" disclosed in the chinese patent publication No. CN102749057B and "an automatic frozen soil observation device" disclosed in the chinese utility model publication No. CN203337114U, but the depth of frozen soil measured by the conventional frozen soil equipment still cannot reach the required accuracy, and therefore, it is necessary to verify the measurement accuracy of the frozen soil depth by the frozen soil equipment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a frozen soil observation method and device based on a colorimetric method, which are used for solving the problem of verifying the measurement accuracy of an automatic frozen soil measuring instrument.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a frozen soil observation method based on a colorimetric method, which comprises the following steps of:
1) acquiring a frozen soil image of frozen soil to be identified, which is added with a water-soluble color-changing solute;
2) carrying out layering processing on the frozen soil image along the depth direction of the frozen soil;
3) and starting to calculate the color characteristic value of the layered image, comparing the color characteristic value of the layered image with a set standard value until the difference between the color characteristic value of one layered image and the set standard value is within a set range, and obtaining the freezing depth of the frozen soil to be identified according to the height position of the corresponding layered image with the difference within the set range in the whole frozen soil image.
In order to solve the above technical problem, the present invention further provides a frozen soil observation device based on a colorimetric method, including a memory and a processor, where the processor is configured to execute instructions stored in the memory to implement the above steps 1) to 3).
According to the frozen soil observation method and device, the frozen soil image of the frozen soil to be identified, which is added with the water-soluble color-changing solute, is subjected to layering processing, the color characteristic value of each layered image is compared with the set standard value one by one until the difference between the color characteristic value of one layered image and the set standard value is in the set range, and the freezing depth of the frozen soil to be identified is obtained according to the height position of the layered image in the whole frozen soil image. The frozen soil depth identification principle is simple, the precision of measuring the frozen soil depth is high, the research and observation of the frozen soil depth under the experimental environment are facilitated, and the measurement precision of frozen soil equipment, such as a frozen soil sensor and a frozen soil device, is verified by utilizing the frozen soil depth detected by the frozen soil observation method and the device.
In order to ensure the identification precision of the depth of the frozen soil, the set standard value is obtained by the following steps:
acquiring a frozen soil image added with a water-soluble color-changing solute under a set temperature environment, and taking the frozen soil image as a standard image; the temperature environment is set to a critical temperature value at which the soil reaches a frozen state. And acquiring the color characteristic value of the standard image, and taking the color characteristic value of the standard image as a set standard value.
Further, the color characteristic value of the standard image is a V value of the layered image converted from the RGB color space to the HSV color space, and the V value of the HSV color space has a better effect than the RGB value of the RGB color space for representing the image.
In order to increase the color development effect of the solute on the frozen soil and obtain a clear frozen soil image, the water-soluble color-changing solute is preferably potassium permanganate, so that the frozen soil and unfrozen soil have obvious color difference, and the frozen soil freezing depth can be intuitively and conveniently obtained.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a colorimetric method-based frozen soil observation method of the present invention;
FIG. 2-1 is a standard image of the present invention taken of frozen earth at freezing critical temperature;
FIG. 2-2 is an image of the invention taken of frozen earth during a first freezing process;
FIGS. 2-3 are images of photographs taken of frozen earth during a second freezing process in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of V values versus actual soil depth for FIGS. 2-1, 2-2, and 2-3, respectively, as described above;
FIG. 4-1 is an image corresponding to the freezing depth of the frozen earth in FIG. 2-2;
fig. 4-2 is an image corresponding to the freezing depth of the frozen earth in fig. 2-3.
Detailed Description
The following further describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings.
The method comprises the following steps:
as shown in fig. 1, a frozen soil image of frozen soil to be identified to which a water-soluble color-changing solute is added is obtained. Among the candidate water-soluble discoloration solutes, anhydrous copper sulfate, potassium permanganate, and cobalt chloride are available. The anhydrous copper sulfate, also called copper sulfate, is white or grey white powder, the solution is acidic, the dust is very strong in pungent property, and the solution is very easy to absorb water and turns into blue, so that the anhydrous copper sulfate can be used for detecting the existence or generation of chemical reaction water, and is mainly used for the aspects of ship bottom antifouling paint raw materials, drying agents, catalysts and the like. Potassium permanganate is a glossy purple black solid, is not easy to volatilize, has strong oxidizing property, is easy to dissolve in water, presents special purple red in aqueous solution, is commonly used as a disinfectant and a bactericide, and is a common chemical reagent. Cobalt chloride crystallized pink to red and the anhydrate was blue. Slightly deliquescent, readily soluble in water, ethanol, ether, acetone and glycerol, and are commonly used as analytical reagents, indicators of humidity and moisture.
Then, the candidate water-soluble color-changing solutes need to be validated for feasibility, including aspects of obvious color change, strong repeatable operability, no change in soil freezing characteristics and the like, and the solutes meeting the above requirements can be added into the frozen soil to be identified, so that experiments of soil color development effect and freeze-thaw repeatability are respectively performed on anhydrous copper sulfate, potassium permanganate, cobalt chloride and PH reagents, and the experimental comparison results are shown in the following table:
| color development effect of soil | Freeze-thaw repeatability | |
| Potassium permanganate | Is preferably used | Repeatable |
| Cobalt chloride | In general | Is not repeatable |
| Anhydrous cupric sulfate | In general | Is not repeatable |
| PH reagent | In general | Is not repeatable |
As can be seen from the above table, the effect of adding the potassium permanganate into the water-soluble color-changing solute of the frozen soil to be identified is optimal.
And after the frozen soil image is obtained, carrying out layering processing on the frozen soil image along the depth direction of the frozen soil. And starting to calculate the color characteristic value of the layered image, comparing the color characteristic value of the layered image with a set standard value until the difference between the color characteristic value of one layered image and the set standard value is within a set range, and obtaining the freezing depth of the frozen soil to be identified according to the height position of the corresponding layered image within the set range in the whole frozen soil image.
The set standard value is obtained through the following steps:
and acquiring a frozen soil image added with a water-soluble color-changing solute as a standard image in a set temperature environment, wherein the set temperature environment is a critical temperature value for enabling the soil to reach a frozen state, acquiring a color characteristic value of the standard image, and taking the color characteristic value of the standard image as a set standard value. The color feature value of the standard image is a V value (i.e., a hue value) of the layered image preferably converted from an RGB color space to an HSV color space, or an RGB value of the RGB color space.
The method for comparing the color characteristic value of each layered image with the set standard value can adopt the following modes:
calculating the color characteristic value of each layered image in the frozen soil image from top to bottom, comparing the color characteristic value of one layered image with a set standard value, if the difference between the color characteristic value of the layered image and the set standard value is not in the set range, calculating the color characteristic value of the next layered image, and comparing until the layered image with the difference between the color characteristic value and the set standard value in the set range is found.
According to the method, the frozen soil image of the frozen soil to be identified, which is added with the water-soluble color-changing solute, is subjected to layering processing, the color characteristic values of all layered images are compared with the set standard value one by one until the difference between the color characteristic value of one layered image and the set standard value is within the set range, and the freezing depth of the frozen soil to be identified is obtained according to the height position of the layered image in the whole frozen soil image. The method has the advantages of simple frozen soil depth recognition principle and high precision of measuring the frozen soil depth, and is beneficial to research and observation of the frozen soil depth in an experimental environment.
Meanwhile, the frozen soil depth detected by the frozen soil observation method can be used as a standard to verify the measurement accuracy of frozen soil equipment for measuring the frozen soil depth, wherein the frozen soil equipment comprises a frozen soil sensor and a frozen soil device. The method for verifying the frozen soil depth comprises the steps of putting soil mixed with potassium permanganate solute into an observation device, burying a frozen soil sensor or a frozen soil device in the soil, putting the observation device into a refrigeration house for freezing to obtain a frozen soil depth detection result of the frozen soil sensor or the frozen soil device, and photographing and processing images of frozen soil obtained after freezing according to the frozen soil observation method of the embodiment to obtain a frozen soil depth detection result adopting the frozen soil depth recognition method of the embodiment. And evaluating the measurement accuracy of the frozen soil sensor or the frozen soil device by comparing the detection results.
The specific verification method is as follows:
the method comprises the steps of taking a picture of soil in an observation device at 0 ℃, obtaining a standard image as shown in figure 2-1, converting the standard image from an RGB color space to an HSV color space, selecting an observation area in the figure 2-1 due to different angles of observation positions at each time, dividing the image into a plurality of blocks from top to bottom in the selected observation area to obtain a plurality of layered images, extracting a V value of each layered image, calculating the V value of each layered image from top to bottom, and using the V value as a reference vector for judging soil freezing, namely the standard value corresponding to each layered image.
The photographed images of the two processes of soil freezing are respectively shown in fig. 2-2 and fig. 2-3, the soil freezing is carried out from top to bottom, the unfrozen part is dark red, the completely frozen part is soil color, and the freezing is a process which is carried out slowly at a plurality of layers due to the slow temperature reduction of the soil at the lower layer. And respectively recording the frozen soil depth detected by the frozen soil sensor or the frozen soil device when the picture is taken each time. First, the acquired photographed images are subjected to a layering process to obtain a plurality of layered images. Then, extracting the V value of each layered Image from top to bottom as the color characteristic value of each layered Image, comparing the color characteristic value of the layered Image with the standard value of the corresponding layered Image in fig. 2-1, determining that the soil in the corresponding layered Image starts to freeze when the compared difference value is less than 0.2 for the first time, and finally calculating the freezing depth of the soil according to the relationship between the V value in the layered Image and the actual depth of the soil, wherein the relationship between the V value in fig. 2-1, 2-2 and 2-3 and the actual depth of the soil are shown in fig. 3 (the relationship between the V value in fig. 2-1 and the actual depth of the soil is shown in fig. 3 as a curve Image1, the relationship between the V value in fig. 2-2 and the actual depth of the soil is shown in fig. 3 as a curve Image2, and the relationship between the V value in fig. 2-3 and the actual depth of the soil is shown in fig. 3 as a curve Image3), the frozen depth of the frozen soil in fig. 2-2 and the frozen depth of the frozen soil in fig. 2-3 are respectively calculated according to the relationship and are respectively shown in fig. 4-1 and 4-2, and finally, the frozen depth shown in fig. 4-1 and 4-2 is respectively compared with the frozen depth detected by the frozen soil sensor, so that the measuring precision of the frozen soil depth detected by the frozen soil sensor is determined.
The actual soil depth in the relation between the V value and the actual soil depth is obtained by combining the actual overall soil height and the proportional relation between the corresponding layered image and the whole frozen soil image.
It should be noted that, as shown in fig. 2-1, all soils are in a state of being frozen but not frozen, theoretically, the soils in the graph should be a color, that is, the V value of each layered image in the graph should be the same, and the V value of each layered image in the graph is different due to various external factors such as soil impurities, uniformity degree, and the like. Therefore, when the standard values are set, the corresponding V value is respectively extracted for each layered image, a plurality of standard values are set, and when the V value in fig. 2-2 is compared with the V value in the layered image in fig. 2-1, the comparison is performed layer by layer, that is, the first layered image in fig. 2-2 is compared with the first layered image in fig. 2-1, the second layered image in fig. 2-2 is compared with the second layered image in fig. 2-1, and so on. Similarly, when comparing the V values of the layered images in fig. 2-3 and fig. 2-1, the comparison is performed layer by layer, and the description is omitted.
The embodiment of the device is as follows:
the present embodiment provides a frozen soil observation device based on a colorimetric method, which includes a memory and a processor, where the processor is configured to execute instructions stored in the memory to implement the steps in the frozen soil observation method in the foregoing method embodiments. In addition, the processor in this embodiment may be a computer, a microprocessor such as an ARM, or a programmable chip such as an FGPA, a DSP, or the like.
Claims (2)
1. A frozen soil observation method based on a colorimetric method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) acquiring a frozen soil image of frozen soil to be identified, which is added with a water-soluble color-changing solute; the water-soluble color-changing solute is potassium permanganate;
2) carrying out layering processing on the frozen soil image along the depth direction of the frozen soil;
3) starting to calculate the color characteristic value of the layered image, comparing the color characteristic value of the layered image with a set standard value until the difference between the color characteristic value of one layered image and the set standard value is within a set range, and obtaining the freezing depth of the frozen soil to be identified according to the height position of the corresponding layered image within the set range in the whole frozen soil image;
the color characteristic value is a V value of a layered image converted from an RGB color space to an HSV color space, or the color characteristic value is an RGB value of the RGB color space;
the set standard value is obtained through the following steps:
acquiring a frozen soil image added with a water-soluble color-changing solute under a set temperature environment, and taking the frozen soil image as a standard image; the set temperature environment is a critical temperature value which enables the soil to reach a frozen state;
the standard image is divided into a plurality of layers to obtain a plurality of layered images, the color characteristic value of each layered image is obtained, and the color characteristic value of each layered image is used as a set standard value.
2. A colorimetric-based frozen soil observation apparatus comprising a memory and a processor for executing instructions stored in the memory to implement the colorimetric-based frozen soil observation method according to claim 1.
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| KR101314195B1 (en) * | 2010-12-16 | 2013-10-02 | 한국건설기술연구원 | Measurement apparatus and method for measureing freezing depth for frozen ground of bitter cold area |
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