CN109580409A - A kind of device and method for testing the soil body or soft rock resistance wave erosion ability - Google Patents
A kind of device and method for testing the soil body or soft rock resistance wave erosion ability Download PDFInfo
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- CN109580409A CN109580409A CN201811468191.9A CN201811468191A CN109580409A CN 109580409 A CN109580409 A CN 109580409A CN 201811468191 A CN201811468191 A CN 201811468191A CN 109580409 A CN109580409 A CN 109580409A
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 210000002421 cell wall Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/56—Investigating resistance to wear or abrasion
- G01N3/567—Investigating resistance to wear or abrasion by submitting the specimen to the action of a fluid or of a fluidised material, e.g. cavitation, jet abrasion
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N5/00—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid
- G01N5/04—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid by removing a component, e.g. by evaporation, and weighing the remainder
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
- G01N2203/0005—Repeated or cyclic
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
- G01N2203/0048—Hydraulic means
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of device for testing the soil body or soft rock resistance wave erosion ability is respectively equipped with inlet and outlet including the sink body being arranged on bearing frame on sink body, the cell wall of sink body is equipped with scale；The fixed frame of horizontal plate body is provided on sink body, moveable electronic balance is placed on horizontal plate body, force transmission rack is installed on fixed frame by being placed on the force transmitting board of electronic balance upper surface, and force transmission rack bottom is hinged by plurality of rods body and sample box, and sample box is not contacted with sink body.A kind of test soil body or soft rock provided by the invention resist the device and method of wave erosion ability, it can solve the existing test soil body or soft rock resist the problem of wave erosion ability is without experimental provision, soil particle is caused to be lost by weighing wave cut, establish the relationship that particle soil sample is lost quality and loss late and time, according to evaluation criterion, test and the ability for determining various soil mass or the resistance abrasion of soft rock sample.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to water conservancy and ground experimental field, especially a kind of test soil body or soft rock resist wave erosion ability
Device and method.
Background technique
China has all kinds of reservoirs and lake is 100,000 nearly, nearly 50,000 of river, and the anti-wave erosion of two sides side slope can advocate
It to be influenced by internal factor and external factor.Internal factor is mainly the constituent of Rock And Soil and the moisture content, dry of the soil body
The mechanics index of physics such as density, cohesion c.External factor is mainly velocity of wave, unrestrained height, period of library water wave etc..Have one at present
A little scholars attempt to have carried out qualitative field experiment, preferably reflect actual environment, but its experimental variable be difficult to control and
It takes time and effort, measurement accuracy is difficult to ensure.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide the dresses that a kind of test soil body or soft rock resist wave erosion ability
It sets and method, can solve the existing test soil body or soft rock resists the problem of wave erosion ability is without experimental provision, structure is simple,
Easy to use, the data of automatic collection electronic balance determine that particle is lost the relationship of quality and time, the matter of unit of account time
Amount loss rate determines that various soil mass or soft rock sample resist the ability of abrasion.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is that: a kind of test soil body or soft rock resist wave
The device of unrestrained erosiveness is respectively equipped with inlet and outlet, water including the sink body being arranged on bearing frame on sink body
The cell wall of groove body is equipped with scale；
It is provided with the fixed frame of horizontal plate body on sink body, moveable electronic balance is placed on horizontal plate body, passes
Power frame is installed on fixed frame by being placed on the force transmitting board of electronic balance upper surface, and force transmission rack bottom passes through plurality of rods body and examination
Sample box is hinged, and sample box is not contacted with sink body；
Be equipped in sink body matched with sample box make unrestrained device；
Electronic balance is connect by data line with data acquisition module.
Making unrestrained device is that unrestrained device is made in frequency conversion.
Making unrestrained device includes fixed bracket, and electric screw slurry, the propeller blade of multiple and different length are equipped on fixed bracket
Piece is matched with electric screw slurry.
Backplate adjacent but discontiguous with sample box is respectively provided in the sink body of sample box two sides.
Sample box is the open wedge shape box body in upper surface, and two sidewalls are metal mesh side wall.
A method of wave cut ability is resisted using the device to test soil body or soft rock, method includes the following steps:
Step 1: closing the water outlet of sink body, open the water inlet of sink body, water is added into sink body, until initial flat
Hydrostatic level is suitable or slightly higher with sample box floor height；
Step 2: unrestrained device is made in unlatching, waits for a period of time until the wave generated is stablized；
Step 3: preparing the water velocity at installation sample box position in measurement sink body, and according to the calibration gauge on sink body
Calculate wave height；
Step 4: unrestrained device is made in closing, waits for a period of time until water surface calmness is stablized；
Step 5: the sample box equipped with the soil body or soft rock sample is hung on an electronic balance together by the body of rod and force transmitting board,
And it is slowly put into sink body；
Step 6: opening electronic balance, and electronic balance is read and is reset；
Step 7: turn-on data acquisition module acquires and records at timed intervals electronic balance reading；
Step 8: unrestrained device is made in unlatching, and with the erosion of wave, the particle in sample is taken away by the water, and quality reduces, electronics day
Flat reading changes therewith；
Step 9: after setting test period reaches 2 hours, closing data acquisition module and make unrestrained device, wave erosion has been tested
At；
Step 10: the reading of data acquisition module record is the quality of sample in water, if it is initial into the water when matter
Amount is m0, and sample quality is gradually decreased with wave erosion, and the reading at a certain moment is m1, then mass loss caused by wave is
△ m=(m0-m1), penalty values during testing are gradually increased with time t, if loss late k=△ m/m0, with arbitrarily not between
The maximum k value of disconnected one hour is maximum loss rate；
Step 11: at least one set of velocity of wave translation is set, the multiple soil bodys or soft rock sample for the same terms carry out experiment,
The maximum loss rate of every group of sample is determined respectively；
Step 12: according to the maximum loss rate of every group of sample and corresponding velocity of wave translation, according to corresponding evaluation
Standard, determines and evaluates the soil body or soft rock resists wave erosion ability.
Flow velocity is measured using Flow speed measurer in step 3.
In step 11, the velocity of wave translation of setting is 0.1m/s, 1m/s, one group or two groups or three groups any in 5m/s, needle
Multiple soil bodys or soft rock sample to the same terms carry out experiment, determine the maximum loss rate of every group of sample respectively；
In step 12, the evaluation criterion of use is as follows:
The soil body or the anti-abrasion merit rating table of soft rock
In step 12, if when the anti-abrasion merit rating conclusion difference of the same soil body or soft rock under different velocity of wave translation,
With just low for principle.
A kind of test soil body or soft rock provided by the invention resist the device and method of wave erosion ability, can solve existing
There are the test soil body or soft rock to resist the problem of wave erosion ability is without experimental provision, structure is simple, easy to use, automatic collection electricity
The data of sub- balance determine that particle is lost the relationship of quality and time, and the mass loss rate of unit of account time determines different soil
Body or soft rock sample resist the ability of abrasion, specific as follows:
1, can be with minute hand to the different types of Rock And Soil such as clay, sand, soft rock, erosion test is washed away in development, according to commenting
Valence table determines the ability of the resistance wave erosion of different rock and soil, as: clay corrosion resistance is relatively strong, sand ability, it is soft
Rock ability is strong.
2, it can be directed to the same class soil sample of different compactness, erosion test is washed away in development, is obtained such soil body and is resisted wave
The quantitative relationship of ability and dense state that wave corrodes；Such as: when compactness is very dense state, corrosion resistance is strong, close
When solidity is loose condition (of surface), corrosion resistance is poor.
3, it is directed to the identical soil sample of physical condition, the different upstream face gradients is set, development washes away erosion test, obtains soil
Body resists the ability of wave erosion and the quantitative relationship of ramp slope；Such as: when the gradient is greater than 60 degree, corrosion resistance is poor, when
When the gradient is less than 30 degree, corrosion resistance is stronger.
Detailed description of the invention
Present invention will be further explained below with reference to the attached drawings and examples:
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of apparatus of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is that certain soil sample is under three kinds of different velocity of wave translation in the embodiment of the present invention two, the pass of mass loss rate at any time
It is curve graph.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment one
As Figure 1-Figure 2, a kind of test soil body or soft rock resist the device of wave erosion ability, including are arranged in load-bearing
Sink body 2 on frame 1, water inlet 3 and water outlet 4 are respectively equipped on sink body 2, and the cell wall of sink body 2 is equipped with scale；
It is provided with the fixed frame 9 of horizontal plate body 9-1 on sink body 2, is placed with moveable electricity on horizontal plate body 14-1
Sub- balance 5, force transmission rack 6 are installed on fixed frame 9 by being placed on the force transmitting board 6-1 of 5 upper surface of electronic balance, 6 bottom of force transmission rack
Portion is hinged by plurality of rods body 7 and sample box 8, and sample box 8 is not contacted with sink body 2；
Be equipped in sink body 2 matched with sample box 8 make unrestrained device 12；
Electronic balance 5 is connect by data line 11 with data acquisition module 10.
Making unrestrained device 12 is that unrestrained device is made in frequency conversion.
Making unrestrained device 12 includes fixed bracket 12-1, and electric screw slurry 12-2 is equipped on fixed bracket 12-1, multiple and different
The propeller blade of length is matched with electric screw slurry 12-2, to manufacture wave different in flow rate and that wave is high.
Backplate 13 adjacent but discontiguous with sample box 8 is respectively provided in the sink body 2 of 8 two sides of sample box, backplate 13 is preferred
For triangle backplate made of organic glass.
Sample box 8 is the open wedge shape box body in upper surface, and two sidewalls are metal mesh side wall.
Force transmission rack 6 is preferably " mouth " font frame body.
Data acquisition module 10 is preferably the NDAQ-20024 data acquisition module for opening up general survey control.
Flow speed measurer is Ls300A Flow speed measurer.
Embodiment two
It is a kind of that wave cut energy is resisted using the device to test soil body described in any one of the claims 1-5 or soft rock
The method of power, method includes the following steps:
Step 1: the water outlet 4 of sink body 2 is closed, the water inlet 3 of sink body 2 is opened, water is added into sink body 2, until
Initial calmness water level is suitable or slightly higher with 8 floor height of sample box；
Step 2: unrestrained device 12 is made in unlatching, waits for a period of time until the wave generated is stablized；
Step 3: preparing the water velocity at installation 8 position of sample box in measurement sink body 2, and according to the quarter on sink body 2
Degree calculates wave height；
Step 4: unrestrained device 12 is made in closing, waits for a period of time until water surface calmness is stablized；
Step 5: the sample box 8 equipped with the soil body or soft rock sample is hung over into electronic balance by the body of rod 7 and force transmitting board 6 together
On 5, and slowly it is put into sink body 2；
Step 6: opening electronic balance 5, and electronic balance 5 is read and is reset；
Step 7: turn-on data acquisition module 10 acquires and records at timed intervals the reading of electronic balance 5；
Step 8: unrestrained device 12 is made in unlatching, and with the erosion of wave, the particle in sample is taken away by the water, and quality reduces, electronics
The reading of balance 5 changes therewith；
Step 9: after setting test period reaches 2 hours, closes data acquisition module 10 and make unrestrained device 12, wave erosion examination
Test completion；
Step 10: the reading that data acquisition module 10 records is the quality of sample in water, if it is initial into the water when
Quality is m0, and sample quality is gradually decreased with wave erosion, and the reading at a certain moment is m1, then mass loss caused by wave
For △ m=(m0-m1), penalty values during testing are gradually increased with time t, if loss late k=△ m/m0, with arbitrarily not
Intermittent one hour maximum k value is maximum loss rate；
Step 11: at least one set of velocity of wave translation is set, the multiple soil bodys or soft rock sample for the same terms carry out experiment,
The maximum loss rate of every group of sample is determined respectively；
Step 12: according to the maximum loss rate of every group of sample and corresponding velocity of wave translation, according to corresponding evaluation
Standard, determines and evaluates the soil body or soft rock resists wave erosion ability.
Flow velocity is measured using Flow speed measurer in step 3.
In step 11, the velocity of wave translation of setting is 0.1m/s, 1m/s, one group or two groups or three groups any in 5m/s, needle
Multiple soil bodys or soft rock sample to the same terms carry out experiment, determine the maximum loss rate of every group of sample respectively；
In step 12, the evaluation criterion of use is as follows:
The soil body or the anti-abrasion merit rating table of soft rock
In step 12, if when the anti-abrasion merit rating conclusion difference of the same soil body or soft rock under different velocity of wave translation,
With just it is low for principle, such as:
Certain soil sample under three kinds of different velocity of wave translation, mass loss rate graph of relation at any time as shown in Fig. 2,
Under the conditions of wave speed 0.1m/s, loss in 10 minutes is smaller before soil sample, and the 10th~70 minute loss late is maximum, reaches
0.24, it is poor by the erosion resistance that table evaluates the soil body；
Under the conditions of wave speed 1.0m/s, the 2nd~62 minute loss late of soil sample is maximum, reaches 0.47, should by table evaluation
The erosion wear resistance of the soil body is poor；
Under the conditions of wave speed 5.0m/s, the 0th~60 minute loss late of soil sample is maximum, reaches 0.65, should by table evaluation
The erosion resistance of the soil body is very poor；
Using minimum principle in three kinds of flow velocitys as conclusion, the erosion resistance of the overall merit soil body is very poor.
The above embodiments are only the preferred technical solution of the present invention, and are not construed as limitation of the invention, this Shen
Please in embodiment and embodiment in feature in the absence of conflict, can mutual any combination.Protection model of the invention
The technical solution that should be recorded with claim is enclosed, the equivalent replacement side of technical characteristic in the technical solution recorded including claim
Case is protection scope.Equivalent replacement i.e. within this range is improved, also within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of test soil body or soft rock resist the device of wave erosion ability, including the sink body being arranged on bearing frame (1)
(2), water inlet (3) and water outlet (4) are respectively equipped on sink body (2), it is characterised in that:
The cell wall of sink body (2) is equipped with scale；
It is provided with the fixed frame (9) of horizontal plate body (9-1) on sink body (2), is placed on horizontal plate body (14-1) removable
Electronic balance (5), force transmission rack (6) is installed on fixed frame by being placed on the force transmitting board (6-1) of electronic balance (5) upper surface
(9) on, hingedly by plurality of rods body (7) and sample box (8), sample box (8) is not contacted with sink body (2) for force transmission rack (6) bottom；
Be equipped in sink body (2) matched with sample box (8) make unrestrained device (12)；
Electronic balance (5) is connect by data line (11) with data acquisition module (10).
2. the device that a kind of test soil body according to claim 1 or soft rock resist wave erosion ability, it is characterised in that:
Making unrestrained device (12) is that unrestrained device is made in frequency conversion.
3. the device that a kind of test soil body according to claim 2 or soft rock resist wave erosion ability, it is characterised in that:
Making unrestrained device (12) includes fixed bracket (12-1), and electric screw slurry (12-2) is equipped on fixed bracket (12-1), multiple and different
The propeller blade of length is matched with electric screw slurry (12-2).
4. the device that a kind of test soil body according to claim 1 or soft rock resist wave erosion ability, it is characterised in that:
The adjacent but discontiguous backplate (13) with sample box (8) is respectively provided in the sink body (2) of sample box (8) two sides.
5. the device that a kind of test soil body according to claim 1 or soft rock resist wave erosion ability, it is characterised in that:
Sample box (8) is the open wedge shape box body in upper surface, and two sidewalls are metal mesh side wall.
6. a kind of resist wave cut ability using the device to test soil body described in any one of the claims 1-5 or soft rock
Method, it is characterised in that method includes the following steps:
Step 1: closing the water outlet (4) of sink body (2), open the water inlet (3) of sink body (2), add into sink body (2)
Water, until initial tranquil water level is suitable or slightly higher with sample box (8) floor height；
Step 2: unrestrained device (12) are made in unlatching, wait for a period of time until the wave generated is stablized；
Step 3: preparing the water velocity at installation sample box (8) position in measurement sink body (2), and according on sink body (2)
Scale calculates wave height；
Step 4: unrestrained device (12) are made in closing, wait for a period of time until water surface calmness is stablized；
Step 5: the sample box (8) equipped with the soil body or soft rock sample is hung over into electronics day by the body of rod (7) and force transmitting board (6) together
On flat (5), and slowly it is put into sink body (2)；
Step 6: opening electronic balance (5), and electronic balance (5) are read and are reset；
Step 7: turn-on data acquisition module (10) acquires and records at timed intervals electronic balance (5) reading；
Step 8: unrestrained device (12) are made in unlatching, and with the erosion of wave, the particle in sample is taken away by the water, and quality reduces, electronics day
The reading of flat (5) changes therewith；
Step 9: after setting test period reaches 2 hours, closes data acquisition module (10) and make unrestrained device (12), wave erosion examination
Test completion；
Step 10: the reading of data acquisition module (10) record is the quality of sample in water, if it is initial into the water when matter
Amount is m0, and sample quality is gradually decreased with wave erosion, and the reading at a certain moment is m1, then mass loss caused by wave is
△ m=(m0-m1), penalty values during testing are gradually increased with time t, if loss late k=△ m/m0, with arbitrarily not between
The maximum k value of disconnected one hour is maximum loss rate；
Step 11: at least one set of velocity of wave translation is set, and the multiple soil bodys or soft rock sample for the same terms carry out experiment, respectively
Determine the maximum loss rate of every group of sample；
Step 12: according to the maximum loss rate of every group of sample and corresponding velocity of wave translation, according to corresponding evaluation criterion,
It determines and evaluates the soil body or soft rock resists wave erosion ability.
7. according to the method described in claim 6, it is characterized by: measuring flow velocity using Flow speed measurer in step 3.
8. according to the method described in claim 6, it is characterized by:
In step 11, the velocity of wave translation of setting is 0.1m/s, 1m/s, one group or two groups or three groups any in 5m/s, for phase
Multiple soil bodys or soft rock sample with condition carry out experiment, determine the maximum loss rate of every group of sample respectively；
In step 12, the evaluation criterion of use is as follows:
The soil body or the anti-abrasion merit rating table of soft rock
9. according to the method described in claim 6, it is characterized by: in step 12, if the same soil body under different velocity of wave translation
Or soft rock anti-abrasion merit rating conclusion difference when, with just it is low for principle.
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| CN201811468191.9A CN109580409B (en) | 2018-12-03 | 2018-12-03 | Device and method for testing wave erosion resistance of soil body or soft rock |
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| CN111595708A (en) * | 2020-04-20 | 2020-08-28 | 中山大学 | Soil transverse erosion quality measuring method |
| CN111896461A (en) * | 2020-05-18 | 2020-11-06 | 同济大学 | In-situ test system for erosion resistance of riverbed material |
| CN113849893A (en) * | 2021-10-12 | 2021-12-28 | 长江水利委员会长江科学院 | Method for calculating washout rate of bedrock |
| CN117871320A (en) * | 2024-01-21 | 2024-04-12 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Simple fine-grained soil quality and size real-time monitoring device and monitoring method |
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| CN113849893B (en) * | 2021-10-12 | 2024-05-03 | 长江水利委员会长江科学院 | Calculation method of bedrock scouring rate |
| CN117871320A (en) * | 2024-01-21 | 2024-04-12 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Simple fine-grained soil quality and size real-time monitoring device and monitoring method |
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