CN109580376B - Method for performing thermal compression test by using thermal simulation testing machine - Google Patents
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- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for performing a thermal compression test by using a thermal simulation testing machine, which mainly solves the technical problem that the deformation rate cannot be accurately controlled when a general unit of a Gleeble3500 thermal simulation testing machine is used for performing the thermal compression test in the prior art. The invention provides a method for carrying out a thermal compression test by using a thermal simulation testing machine, which comprises the following steps of 1) configuring the device conditions of a Gleeble3500 thermal simulation testing machine; 2) measuring an acceleration time t; 3) calculating the minimum acceleration distance s of the compression hammer head, and setting the time t required by the minimum acceleration distance s of the compression hammer head at the pressing speed1And the sample compression deformation time t2(ii) a 4) Mounting a sample on a thermal simulation testing machine; 5) carrying out compression deformation tests in sequence; 6) the process data collected by the test is analyzed. The method realizes the accurate simulation of the thermal compression deformation process parameters by utilizing the universal unit of the thermal simulation testing machine.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a thermal simulation test method, in particular to a method for performing a thermal compression test by using a thermal simulation test machine, and specifically relates to a method for performing a thermal compression test by using a Gleeble3500 thermal simulation test machine universal unit, belonging to the technical field of metal material thermal processing physical simulation tests.
Background
Because the thermal deformation process of the metal material directly affects the final structure and performance of the metal material, in order to obtain good product performance, it is very important to research the rule of the influence of the thermal processing process parameters on the structure and performance of the metal material. The American DSI production Gleeble3500 thermal simulation testing machine has the function of developing thermal deformation experiment simulation of different process parameters of metal materials, and the research on the influence rule of the thermal deformation process on the structure and even the performance of the metal materials is realized by the experiment simulation and the matching of related means, and the research result provides reference for the optimization of the actual large-scale production hot rolling process. A thermal compression deformation experiment method commonly used by a Gleeble3500 thermal simulation testing machine is realized by adopting a hydraulic wedge unit and a deformation programming software of QuikSim. However, the hydraulic wedge unit is configured, which increases the equipment cost, most equipment users are not configured, and few users are configured with the hydraulic wedge unit, but the hydraulic wedge unit is rarely put into practical use, mainly because the installation of the hydraulic wedge unit is time-consuming and labor-consuming, and meanwhile, the operation is inconvenient. Aiming at the situation, most users directly adopt the universal unit of equipment to match with the form programming software of QuikSim to carry out the compression deformation experiment, and the main problems exist: because compression deformation needs to control the deformation rate, the universal unit is adopted to control the deformation rate, mainly to control the moving speed of the driving end compression hammer head, but because the compression hammer head needs a certain acceleration time from rest to the required speed, if a certain acceleration distance is not reserved before the compression deformation, the reduction in the actual deformation simulation data can be from slow to fast, thereby causing the error of the experimental result.
For such problems, some users consult to know that the user thinks that the deformation rate has little influence on the result within a certain deformation speed range and can ignore the influence, and some users pull apart a certain gap from the compression hammer head before deformation to provide an acceleration distance for the compression hammer head, but the distance has no specific setting basis. Through repeated exploration of experimenters, the influence of the deformation speed on the experimental result is different, and the problem still has great influence on the experimental result on the material or the temperature range sensitive to force; in addition, a method of pulling the compression hammer head to a certain acceleration gap is adopted, and the design of the size of the gap has no reference basis, so that the expected effect cannot be achieved when the gap is too small, and the experimental work efficiency is directly influenced when the gap is too large.
Chinese patent application publication No. CN104198671A discloses a simulation method for realizing multi-pass deformation, but it only provides displacement values under limited sample size and deformation speed, and does not provide a specific determination method, so that once the sample size or deformation speed changes, the displacement value cannot be set.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for performing a thermal compression test by using a thermal simulation testing machine, which mainly solves the technical problem that the deformation rate cannot be accurately controlled when a general unit of a Gleeble3500 thermal simulation testing machine is used for performing the thermal compression test in the prior art.
The technical idea of the invention is that the whole process adopts displacement control, and the device consists of four process sections, namely an acceleration preparation section, a heating section, a heat preservation section, a cooling section, an acceleration section and a deformation section, and realizes the accurate simulation of the compression deformation process parameters by reasonably controlling the displacement value of each process section and matching with a proper control method; firstly, testing the time required by the compression hammer from rest to the designed compression speed, and calculating by adopting a theoretical formula to obtain the minimum acceleration distance required by the compression hammer; and secondly, simulating a specific compression test process by a method of controlling the moving time and distance of the compression hammer in a sectional manner. Referring to fig. 2 specifically, the test process is divided into four process sections, wherein the first section is an acceleration preparation section, and the compression hammer head is pulled away from the '0' position, so that the gap between the compression hammer head and the compression rod is not less than the acceleration distance; the second section is a heating, heat preservation and cooling section, the position of the compression hammer head after the front section process is kept unchanged, and the heating, heat preservation and cooling of the sample are controlled according to the requirements of the experimental scheme; the third section is an acceleration section, and the compression hammer head is controlled to move to a 0 position in the designed time; the fourth section is a deformation section, and the compression hammer is controlled to move to a position of minus delta h (delta h is the reduction) within the designed reduction time, so that the accurate control of the actual reduction speed and the reduction of the sample is realized.
The method of the invention is based on the theory that the acceleration, the driving force and the object weight can be obtained by a physical theory formula F ═ ma (in the formula, F is the driving force, m is the mass, and a is the acceleration)The quantity is in functional relation, and the acceleration a is (V-V0)/t (V0 and V are the speed before and after acceleration respectively, and t is the acceleration time) because V in the experiment0When the deformation speed V is constant, t is directly related to F, and the driving force is related to friction of a hammer head of the experimental equipment, a hydraulic system and the like, so that under the condition that the constant deformation speed V is not changed greatly, the acceleration time t is basically fixed and can be obtained by experimental measurement. Thus according to the formula s ═ V (V-V)0) t/2 can be used to determine the acceleration distance s, since V is used in the experiment0Since s is 0, s is obtained from the equation s ═ Vt/2. Therefore, the acceleration distance which is not less than s is given to the compression hammer head in the actual test, so that the compression hammer head can reach the deformation speed V before the compression deformation of the sample, and the accurate control of the test deformation speed is realized.
The invention adopts the technical scheme that a method for carrying out a thermal compression test by using a thermal simulation testing machine comprises the following steps:
1) configuring equipment conditions of a Gleeble3500 thermal simulation testing machine, dismantling a coupler between a compression hammer head and a compression rod of the Gleeble3500 thermal simulation testing machine, and installing an axial displacement sensor in a universal unit of the Gleeble3500 thermal simulation testing machine;
2) measuring acceleration time t, wherein the Gleeble3500 thermal simulation testing machine is not provided with a sample, controlling the compression hammer head of the Gleeble3500 thermal simulation testing machine to perform a test of no-load reduction speed, drawing a relation curve of time and displacement of a test process of the no-load reduction speed, and analyzing the acceleration time t required by the compression hammer head of the Gleeble3500 thermal simulation testing machine to reach the set reduction speed of the compression deformation test, wherein the set no-load reduction speed is the same as the reduction speed set by the sample compression deformation test;
3) calculating the minimum acceleration distance s of the compression hammer head, and setting the time t required by the minimum acceleration distance s of the compression hammer head at the pressing speed1And the sample compression deformation time t2(ii) a The minimum acceleration distance s is calculated according to formula one,
s is a first formula Vt/2, wherein s is the minimum acceleration distance required by the compression hammer of the thermal simulation testing machine to reach the set pressing speed of the compression deformation test; v is the sample pressing-down speed set by the compression deformation test; t is the acceleration time required for the compression hammer of the thermal simulation testing machine to reach the set pressing speed of the compression deformation test;
designing the time t required by the reduction distance s of the compression hammer head under the reduction speed1According to the calculation of the formula two,
t1in the formula II, t1The time required for compressing the minimum acceleration distance s of the hammer head at the set pressing speed is set; s is the minimum acceleration distance required by the thermal simulation testing machine to compress the hammer to reach the set pressing speed of the compression deformation test; v is the pressing speed set by the compression deformation test;
time t of sample deformation2According to the formula three, calculating,
t2in the formula III, t2The compression deformation time of the sample is shown, and V is the pressing speed set in the compression deformation test; delta h is the sample rolling reduction set by the thermal simulation testing machine for the compression deformation test;
4) installing a sample on a Gleeble3500 thermal simulation testing machine, welding a temperature measuring thermocouple wire on the circumferential surface of a cylindrical compressed sample, adhering tantalum sheets with the thickness of 0.1mm on two end surfaces of the sample, compressing and fixing the sample between two compression anvil heads of the testing machine by using an air hammer of the thermal simulation testing machine, controlling the air pressure of the air hammer of the Gleeble3500 thermal simulation testing machine to ensure that the pressure borne by the sample is 20-30Kgf, starting a hydraulic system of the Gleeble3500 thermal simulation testing machine, manually adjusting to move the compression anvil head to the right, and closing the hydraulic system of the Gleeble3500 thermal simulation testing machine when the pressure borne by the sample is more than 30 Kgf;
5) carrying out compression deformation tests in sequence through a programmed compression deformation test control program, wherein the compression deformation tests are carried out in the following sequence, and firstly, the displacement value is controlled to the minimum acceleration distance s; keeping the displacement value as the minimum acceleration distance s unchanged, and heating, preserving heat and cooling the sample according to the experimental design requirements; then keeping the temperature constant, and controlling the displacement value at the acceleration time t1From inner to 0; finally, keeping the temperature unchanged, and controlling the displacement value to be within the sample deformation time t2The displacement, the stress, the strain, the reduction and the temperature data in the process of the pressing deformation test are collected;
6) and analyzing the process data acquired in the test, and analyzing and drawing a relation curve of the sample rolling reduction and the stress by using Origin data software.
The test method can realize the accurate simulation of the metal material thermal compression deformation test by utilizing the universal unit of the thermal simulation test machine, and particularly can better simulate the high-speed thermal compression deformation test function of the original hydraulic wedge unit.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following positive effects: 1. the core technology of the test method is to provide a method for determining and controlling test process parameters, which has no special requirements on the structure of test equipment and a sample clamp, has no influence on other test functions and safety of the test machine, does not increase extra test cost, and expands the research function of a universal unit of the test machine; 2. the test method provided by the invention can be applied to the simulation of the thermal compression deformation test and can also be popularized and applied to the simulation of the high-temperature tensile deformation test.
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FIG. 1 is a graph showing the relationship between time and displacement set in the compression set test of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph of time versus displacement for a test run at a non-load reduction speed of 10mm/s, according to example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between time and rolling reduction obtained in the compression set test in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a graph of the relationship between the rolling reduction and the stress, which is plotted in the compression deformation experiment of example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a graph of time versus displacement for a test run at a non-load reduction speed of 50mm/s, according to example 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the relationship between time and rolling reduction in the compression set test in example 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a graph of the relationship between the rolling reduction and the stress, which is plotted in the compression deformation experiment of example 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a graph of time versus displacement for a test run at a no-load reduction speed of 100mm/s, according to example 3 of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a graph showing the relationship between time and rolling reduction obtained in the compression set test in example 3 of the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a graph of the relationship between the rolling reduction and the stress, which is plotted in the compression deformation experiment of example 3 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and specific embodiments.
The sample sizes used in examples 1-3 were all 8mm x 12mm and the heating process was: heating the sample to 900 ℃ at a heating speed of 30 ℃/s, preserving heat for 30s, designing compression deformation experiments at different speeds, designing the reduction delta h to be 5mm, and performing the implementation process by combining the compression deformation experiment at a specific deformation speed.
Example 1, referring to FIGS. 1 to 4, the reduction speed V in the compression set test in example 1 was 10mm/s,
a method of performing a thermal compression test with a thermal analog tester, comprising the steps of:
1) configuring the device conditions of a Gleeble3500 thermal simulation testing machine, detaching a coupler between a compression hammer head and a compression rod of the testing machine, and installing an axial displacement sensor in a universal unit of the testing machine;
2) measuring acceleration time, wherein the testing machine is not provided with a sample, controlling a Gleeble3500 thermal simulation testing machine compression hammer head to perform a test of no-load reduction speed, designing the displacement of 1s as 10mm, acquiring and obtaining a displacement value of the whole test process, drawing a relation curve of time and displacement shown in figure 2, and obtaining the time t required by the testing machine compression hammer head to reach the speed of 10mm/s as 0.1s by a tangent point method;
3) the minimum acceleration distance s required for the compression hammer of the tester to reach the speed of 10mm/s is calculated to be 0.5mm according to the formula t, wherein the formula s is Vt/2 is 10 multiplied by 0.1/2, and the formula t is used for calculating the minimum acceleration distance s required for the compression hammer of the tester to reach the speed of 10mm/s1The time t required for obtaining a compression of the compression ram of the test machine of 0.5mm at a speed of 10mm/s is calculated as s/V0.5/1010.05s, expressed by the formula t2Obtained by 5/10Obtaining the deformation time t required by the compression deformation of the sample of 5mm2＝0.5s；
4) Installing a test sample on a Gleeble3500 thermal simulation testing machine, welding a temperature measuring thermocouple wire on the circumferential surface of the test sample with the diameter of 8mm multiplied by 12mm, sticking tantalum sheets with the thickness of 0.1mm on the two end surfaces of the test sample, compressing and fixing the test sample between two compression anvil heads of the testing machine by using an air hammer of the testing machine, adjusting the air pressure of the air hammer to control the pressure of the test sample to be 30Kgf, starting a hydraulic system of the testing machine, manually adjusting to move the compression anvil head to the right at a slow speed, and closing the hydraulic system when the pressure applied to the test sample is more than 30 Kgf;
5) carrying out compression deformation tests in sequence through a programmed compression deformation test control program, wherein the whole test process adopts displacement control, referring to an attached figure 2, the compression deformation test is carried out according to the following sequence, firstly, the displacement value is controlled to be 0.5mm, then, the displacement value is kept unchanged, a sample is heated to 900 ℃ at the heating speed of 30 ℃/s and then is kept for 30s, then, the temperature is kept unchanged at 900 ℃, the displacement value is controlled to be 0 within 0.05s, finally, the temperature is kept unchanged at 900 ℃, the displacement value is controlled to be-5 mm within 0.5s, and process data such as displacement, stress, strain, reduction and temperature are acquired;
6) the process data collected during the test were analyzed and the Origin data software was used to plot the reduction of the sample at 900 ℃ and 5mm reduction rate at 10mm/s as a function of stress.
Example 2, referring to FIGS. 1 and 5 to 7, the reduction speed V in the compression set test in example 2 was 50mm/s,
a method of performing a thermal compression test with a thermal analog tester, comprising the steps of:
1) same as step 1) of example 1;
2) measuring acceleration time, wherein the testing machine is not provided with a sample, controlling a Gleeble3500 thermal simulation testing machine compression hammer head to perform a test of no-load reduction speed, designing the displacement of 1s as 50mm, acquiring and obtaining a displacement value of the whole test process, drawing a relation curve of time and displacement shown in figure 5, and obtaining the time t required by the testing machine compression hammer head to reach the speed of 50mm/s as 0.08s by a tangent point method;
3) from formula s ═ Vt/2 ═ 50-0.08/2 calculating the minimum acceleration distance s which is 2mm and is required for obtaining the speed of the compression hammer head of the testing machine to reach 50mm/s, and calculating the minimum acceleration distance by the formula t1The time t required to obtain a 2mm depression of the compression ram of the test machine at a speed of 50mm/s was calculated as s/V2/5010.04s, expressed by the formula t2The deformation time t required to obtain a compressive deformation of the sample of 5mm was calculated as Δ h/V5/502＝0.1s；
4) Same as step 4 of example 1);
5) carrying out compression deformation tests in sequence through a programmed compression deformation test control program, wherein the whole test process adopts displacement control, referring to an attached figure 2, the compression deformation test is carried out according to the following sequence, firstly, the displacement value is controlled to be 2mm, then, the displacement value is kept unchanged for 2mm, a sample is heated to 900 ℃ at the heating speed of 30 ℃/s and then is kept for 30s, then, the temperature is kept unchanged for 900 ℃, the displacement value is controlled to be 0 within 0.04s, finally, the temperature is kept unchanged for 900 ℃, the displacement value is controlled to be-5 mm within 0.1s, and process data such as displacement, stress, strain, reduction and temperature are acquired;
6) the process data collected during the test were analyzed and the Origin data analysis software was used to plot the reduction of the sample at 900 ℃ and 5mm at a reduction rate of 50mm/s against stress.
Example 3, referring to FIGS. 1 and 8 to 10, the reduction speed V in the compression set test in example 3 was 100mm/s,
a method of performing a thermal compression test with a thermal analog tester, comprising the steps of:
1) same as step 1) of example 1;
2) measuring acceleration time, wherein the testing machine is not provided with a sample, controlling a Gleeble3500 thermal simulation testing machine compression hammer head to perform a test of no-load reduction speed, designing the displacement of 0.5s as 50mm, acquiring a displacement value of the whole experimental process, drawing a relation curve of time and displacement shown in figure 8, and obtaining the time t required by the testing machine compression hammer head to reach the speed of 100mm/s as 0.04s by a tangent point method;
3) calculating the minimum acceleration distance s of 2mm required for the compression hammer of the tester to reach the speed of 100mm/s according to the formula t, wherein the minimum acceleration distance s is 2mm, and the formula t is 100 multiplied by 0.04/21The time t required for obtaining a 2mm depression of the compression ram of the test machine at a speed of 100mm/s is calculated as s/V2/10010.02s, expressed by the formula t2The deformation time t required to obtain a compressive deformation of the sample of 5mm was calculated as Δ h/V5/1002＝0.05s；
4) Same as step 4 of example 1);
5) carrying out compression deformation tests in sequence through a programmed compression deformation test control program, wherein the whole test process adopts displacement control, referring to an attached figure 2, the compression deformation test is carried out according to the following sequence, firstly, the displacement value is controlled to be 2mm, then, the displacement value is kept unchanged for 2mm, a sample is heated to 900 ℃ at the heating speed of 30 ℃/s and then is kept for 30s, then, the temperature is kept unchanged for 900 ℃, the displacement value is controlled to be 0 within 0.02s, finally, the temperature is kept unchanged for 900 ℃, the displacement value is controlled to be-5 mm within 0.05s, and process data such as displacement, stress, strain, reduction and temperature are acquired;
6) the process data collected during the test were analyzed and the Origin data analysis software was used to plot the stress versus the reduction of the sample at 900 ℃ and 5mm at a reduction rate of 100 mm/s.
In addition to the above embodiments, the present invention may have other embodiments. All technical solutions formed by adopting equivalent substitutions or equivalent transformations fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A method for performing a thermal compression test with a thermal simulation testing machine, the method comprising the steps of:
1) configuring equipment conditions of a Gleeble3500 thermal simulation testing machine, dismantling a coupler between a compression hammer head and a compression rod of the Gleeble3500 thermal simulation testing machine, and installing an axial displacement sensor in a universal unit of the Gleeble3500 thermal simulation testing machine;
2) measuring acceleration time t, wherein the Gleeble3500 thermal simulation testing machine is not provided with a sample, controlling the compression hammer head of the Gleeble3500 thermal simulation testing machine to perform a test of no-load reduction speed, drawing a relation curve of time and displacement of a test process of the no-load reduction speed, and analyzing the acceleration time t required by the compression hammer head of the Gleeble3500 thermal simulation testing machine to reach the set reduction speed of the compression deformation test, wherein the set no-load reduction speed is the same as the reduction speed set by the sample compression deformation test;
3) calculating the minimum acceleration distance s of the compression hammer head, and setting the time t required by the minimum acceleration distance s of the compression hammer head at the pressing speed1And the sample compression deformation time t2(ii) a The minimum acceleration distance s is calculated according to formula one,
s is a first formula Vt/2, wherein s is the minimum acceleration distance required by the compression hammer of the thermal simulation testing machine to reach the set pressing speed of the compression deformation test; v is the sample pressing-down speed set by the compression deformation test; t is the acceleration time required for the compression hammer of the thermal simulation testing machine to reach the set pressing speed of the compression deformation test;
designing the time t required by the reduction distance s of the compression hammer head under the reduction speed1According to the calculation of the formula two,
t1in the formula II, t1The time required for compressing the minimum acceleration distance s of the hammer head at the set pressing speed is set; s is the minimum acceleration distance required by the thermal simulation testing machine to compress the hammer to reach the set pressing speed of the compression deformation test; v is the pressing speed set by the compression deformation test;
time t of sample deformation2According to the formula three, calculating,
t2in the formula III, t2The compression deformation time of the sample is shown, and V is the pressing speed set in the compression deformation test; delta h is the sample rolling reduction set by the thermal simulation testing machine for the compression deformation test;
4) installing a sample on a Gleeble3500 thermal simulation testing machine, welding a temperature measuring thermocouple wire on the circumferential surface of a cylindrical compressed sample, adhering tantalum sheets with the thickness of 0.1mm on two end surfaces of the sample, compressing and fixing the sample between two compression anvil heads of the testing machine by using an air hammer of the thermal simulation testing machine, controlling the air pressure of the air hammer of the Gleeble3500 thermal simulation testing machine to ensure that the pressure borne by the sample is 20-30Kgf, starting a hydraulic system of the Gleeble3500 thermal simulation testing machine, manually adjusting to move the compression anvil head to the right, and closing the hydraulic system of the Gleeble3500 thermal simulation testing machine when the pressure borne by the sample is more than 30 Kgf;
5) carrying out compression deformation tests in sequence through a programmed compression deformation test control program, wherein the compression deformation tests are carried out in the following sequence, and firstly, the displacement value is controlled to the minimum acceleration distance s; keeping the displacement value as the minimum acceleration distance s unchanged, and heating, preserving heat and cooling the sample according to the experimental design requirements; then keeping the temperature constant, and controlling the displacement value at the acceleration time t1From inner to 0; finally, keeping the temperature unchanged, and controlling the displacement value to be within the sample deformation time t2The displacement, the stress, the strain, the reduction and the temperature data in the process of the pressing deformation test are collected;
6) and analyzing the process data acquired in the test, and analyzing and drawing a relation curve of the sample rolling reduction and the stress by using Origin data software.
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