CN109579762A - A kind of measuring device and measuring method of tree breast-height diameter - Google Patents

A kind of measuring device and measuring method of tree breast-height diameter Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109579762A
CN109579762A CN201811434176.2A CN201811434176A CN109579762A CN 109579762 A CN109579762 A CN 109579762A CN 201811434176 A CN201811434176 A CN 201811434176A CN 109579762 A CN109579762 A CN 109579762A
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China
Prior art keywords
ruler item
ruler
item
gear
trees
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Pending
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CN201811434176.2A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
孙林豪
方陆明
方益明
楼雄伟
任俊俊
杨来邦
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Zhejiang A&F University ZAFU
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Zhejiang A&F University ZAFU
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Priority to CN201811434176.2A priority Critical patent/CN109579762A/en
Publication of CN109579762A publication Critical patent/CN109579762A/en
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01BMEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B21/00Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
    • G01B21/10Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring diameters
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01BMEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/02Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01BMEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B21/00Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
    • G01B21/22Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Length-Measuring Instruments Using Mechanical Means (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of measuring device and measuring method of tree breast-height diameter, it include: the first ruler item, second ruler item and operating case, one end of the first ruler item is flexibly connected with one end of the second ruler item, form the adjustable v-shaped structure of an opening angle, trees are clamped in the v-shaped structure, angle measurement unit and range unit are provided in the operating case, the rotational angle of the first ruler item and/or the second ruler item is measured by the angle measurement unit, the spacing between the first ruler item and the junction and trees of the second ruler item is measured by the range unit, data processing equipment is provided in the operating case, according to the rotational angle and the spacing, obtain the measurement result of tree breast-height diameter.The apparatus structure is simple, easy to carry, easy to operate, can increase substantially measurement working efficiency.

Description

A kind of measuring device and measuring method of tree breast-height diameter
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural technical field more particularly to a kind of measuring device and measuring method of tree breast-height diameter.
Background technique
Tree breast-height diameter refers to diameter of the trees at 1.3 meters of ground, in current forest assessment and forestry tune It looks into research, tree breast-height diameter is most basic one of data, and traditional measuring tool mainly encloses ruler or slide calliper rule, encloses ruler needs Gauger's both hands are around trunk, and operation is laborious, and the measurement range of slide calliper rule is limited, is not suitable for the trees being relatively large in diameter, in addition, The data of the every one tree of manual record are also needed in measurement process, and the measurement data of each tree wood in full wafer forest is divided Class statistics and analysis, process are time-consuming and laborious.
There are also some for measuring the instrument of tree diameters, and such as application No. is 201710313672.1 Chinese patents A kind of Portable tree tree breast diameter survey device and measurement method are disclosed, which solve the tree breast diameter surveys of trees in the prior art Equipment instrument is larger, inconvenient to carry, it is difficult to which the problem of carrying out the accurate measurement of diameter to the trees of larger diameter distribution has It is easy to carry, measure accurate advantage.When measurement, the face for constituting the first kelly and the second kelly is vertical with the axis of trees, The opening angle for adjusting the first kelly and the second kelly keeps the first kelly and the second kelly tangent with trees, adjusts cross bar Position keeps it tangent with trees, the perimeter of triangle that is constituted according to the first kelly, the second kelly and cross bar, the first kelly and The geometrical relationship of opening angle and tree diameters between second kelly, is calculated the diameter of trees.Device needs pass through Cross bar determines a triangle, although whole device is convenient for carrying, also needs to operate cross bar during actual measurement, not It is very convenient.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is designed to provide a kind of measuring device and measuring method of tree breast-height diameter, uses It is inconvenient to carry to solve existing tree measuring device, complex for operation step, measurement efficiency lower problem when measurement.
To achieve the goals above, The technical solution adopted by the invention is as follows:
A kind of measuring device of tree breast-height diameter, comprising: the first ruler item, the second ruler item and operating case, the first ruler item One end be flexibly connected with one end of the second ruler item, form the adjustable v-shaped structure of an opening angle, trees are clamped in described In v-shaped structure, it is provided with angle measurement unit and range unit in the operating case, is measured by the angle measurement unit The rotational angle of the first ruler item and/or the second ruler item measures the first ruler item and the second ruler item by the range unit Spacing between junction and trees is provided with data processing equipment in the operating case, according to the rotational angle and institute Spacing is stated, the measurement result of tree breast-height diameter is obtained.
Preferably, one end of the first ruler item is provided with first gear, and one end of the second ruler item is provided with second Gear, the first gear are engaged with the second gear.
Preferably, the first gear is identical as the modulus of the second gear so that the first ruler item with it is described Second ruler item rotates synchronously.
Preferably, the range unit is located at the crosspoint of the first ruler axis and the second ruler axis.
Preferably, the operating case is square body, offers on side and turns for the first ruler item and the second ruler item The rotational angle range of dynamic rotation slot, the first ruler item and the second ruler item is 0-90 °.
Preferably, first rotating shaft and the second shaft, the first gear and described are provided in the operating case One end setting of one ruler item rotates in the first rotating shaft, and one end setting of the second gear and the second ruler item exists Rotated in second shaft, the angle measurement unit be arranged in the first ruler item one end or the second ruler item one End.
Preferably, operation button and display device, the data processing in the operating case are provided on the operating case Device includes microprocessor, power module, memory module and communication module, and the data processing equipment is pressed with the operation Key, display device, angle measurement unit and range unit connection.
Preferably, the range unit be laser range finder, the angle measurement unit be angular transducer, described first It is provided with data recording equipment on ruler item or the second ruler item, to record data information when measurement.
A kind of measurement method of tree breast-height diameter, comprising steps of
Step 1: the v-shaped structure of measuring device is opened, and make the first ruler item and the second ruler item holding horizontal;
Step 2: rotation the first ruler item and the second ruler item so that the first ruler item and the second ruler item respectively with trees cylinder It is tangent;
Step 3: obtaining the rotational angle of the first ruler item or the second ruler item and the spacing of range unit and trees, and root The diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground size of the trees is obtained according to preset formula.
Further, the preset formula includes:
D=(2w cos α+(z cos^2 α)/sin α)/(1-cos α)-z/2
In above formula, w=s-m, d are the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground size of trees, and α is the rotational angle of the first ruler item or the second ruler item, and s is to survey Spacing away from device and trees, m be range unit to the first gear center of circle and the second gear center of circle composition line segment straight line away from From.
Trees are clamped by the first ruler item and the second ruler item, and tangent with trees cylinder, then passes through angle measurement unit And the data of range unit, what can be read fastly obtains tree breast-height diameter data, at the same user operate it is very convenient, and Data after measurement can be sent to mobile terminal by the communication module in operating case, not need manually to carry out data record, Reduce the step of tree breast-height diameter personnel manually record, improves the working efficiency of forest-tree tree breast diameter survey.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural schematic diagram for tree breast-height diameter device that one embodiment of the present invention provides;
Fig. 2 is a kind of partial structurtes signal for tree breast-height diameter device operating case that one embodiment of the present invention provides Figure;
Fig. 3 is the system signal in a kind of tree breast-height diameter device operating case that one embodiment of the present invention provides Figure;
Fig. 4 is schematic diagram when a kind of tree breast-height diameter device that one embodiment of the present invention provides measures;
Fig. 5 is button operation process when a kind of tree breast-height diameter device that one embodiment of the present invention provides measures Figure;
Fig. 6 is a kind of tree breast-height diameter method flow diagram that one embodiment of the present invention provides;
Wherein, the 101, first ruler item, the 102, second ruler item, 103, data recording equipment, 104, operating case, 41, rotation slot, 44, ranging is open, 401, first rotating shaft, 402, angle measurement unit, 403, first gear, the 404, second shaft, and 405, second Gear, 406, range unit.
Specific embodiment
Following is a specific embodiment of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, technical scheme of the present invention will be further described, However, the present invention is not limited to these examples.
Embodiment one
Referring to figs. 1 to Fig. 3, a kind of tree breast-height diameter device is present embodiments provided, comprising: the first ruler item 101, second Ruler item 102 and operating case 104,
One end of first ruler item 101 is flexibly connected with one end of the second ruler item 102, forms the adjustable V-arrangement of an opening angle Structure, trees are clamped in v-shaped structure, and angle measurement unit 402 and range unit 406 are provided in operating case 104, is passed through Angle measurement unit 402 measures the rotational angle of the first ruler item 101 and/or the second ruler item 102, is measured by range unit 406 Spacing between range unit 406 and trees is provided with data processing equipment in operating case 104, according to rotational angle and Away from obtaining the measurement result of tree breast-height diameter.
First ruler item 101 and the second ruler item 102 may be rotated, and trees are generally cylindrical, when user needs When measuring trees, both hands hold the first ruler item 101 and the second ruler item 102 respectively, and trees are clipped in the middle, the first ruler item 101 and second ruler item 102 formed a v-shaped structure, the first ruler item 101 and the second ruler item 102 are tangent with trees cylinder respectively, At this time data can be recorded by angle measurement unit 402 and range unit 406.
In the present embodiment, range unit 406 is arranged in operating case 104, and the first ruler item 101 and the second ruler item 102 have one A phase contact, this connects and is a little located in operating case 104, and the center of circle of the trees cylinder dot that connects with this is in alignment, ranging Device 406 needs to be arranged on this straight line.
When not needing to measure, the first ruler item 101 and the second ruler item 102 can with angle can arbitrarily adjust, Adjustable range is between 0-90 °, i.e., when being in 90 °, the first ruler item 101 and the second ruler item 102 are located on the same line, When being in 0 °, the first ruler item 101 and the second ruler item 102 connect in parallel.
Compared to other tree breast-height diameter devices, the device Simple portable, user operates also very convenient Quickly, while data processing equipment is able to record the measurement data of lower angle measuring device 402 and range unit 406, according to Measurement data quickly generates tree breast-height diameter size, solves the problems, such as to need manually to record trees data, improves forest The working efficiency of middle tree breast-height diameter.
In a preferable embodiment, one end of the first ruler item 101 is provided with first gear 403, the second ruler item 102 One end be provided with second gear 405, first gear 403 is engaged with second gear 405.
When the rotation of the first ruler item 101, first gear 403 rotates, and second gear 405 can be driven, to make The rotation of second ruler item 102, similarly, when the second ruler item 102 rotates, this can guarantee the first ruler item 101 and the second ruler item Linkage between 102 improves the accuracy of measurement.
Further, first gear 403 is identical as the modulus of second gear 405, can guarantee the first ruler item 101 in this way Rotational angle is identical as the rotational angle of the second ruler item 102, i.e. the first ruler item 101 and the second ruler item 102 rotate synchronously, this is convenient 402 measurement angle of angle measurement unit, i.e., its only need the rotational angle for measuring wherein any one ruler item that can obtain in addition The rotational angle of one ruler item, while also can be improved precision when measuring tree breast-height diameter.
In a preferable embodiment, range unit 406 is located at 102 axis of 101 axis of the first ruler item and the second ruler item The crosspoint of line.
It will be noted from fig. 1 that the first ruler item 101 and the second ruler item 102 are all one rectangular, axis is exactly Rectangular center line, the first ruler item 101 and the second ruler item 102 are rotary, its position meetings of the intersection point of the two axis As the rotation of ruler item changes, that is, there is the intersection point of multiple and different positions, range unit 406 can be set at any one On intersection point.
Range unit 406 be arranged on intersection point, can guarantee it is most short with the linear distance of trees, can be accurately obtained with The distance between trees guarantee the accuracy of data.
In a preferable embodiment, operating case 104 is square body, is offered on side for the first ruler item 101 And second rotation slot 41 that rotates of ruler item 102, the rotational angle range of the first ruler item 101 and the second ruler item 102 is 0- 90°。
Further, be provided with first rotating shaft 401 and the second shaft 404 in operating case 104, first gear 403 and One end setting of first ruler item 101 rotates in first rotating shaft 401, one end setting of second gear 405 and the second ruler item 102 Rotated in the second shaft 404, angle measurement unit 402 be arranged in the first ruler item 101 one end or the second ruler item 102 one End.
Meanwhile ranging opening 44 is also equipped on operating case 104, distance is measured for range unit 406.
It can refer to Fig. 2, in Fig. 2, the top of 101 one end of the first ruler item, first gear 403 is arranged in first gear 403 Top be provided with angle measurement unit 402, the top of 102 one end of the second ruler item, the first ruler item is arranged in second gear 405 101 and first gear 403 be all to be rotated in first rotating shaft 401, the second ruler item 102 and second gear 405 be also It is rotated in second shaft 404, first rotating shaft 401 and the second shaft 404 are erected in operating case 104.
In this way, the rotation that can facilitate gear and ruler item enables a user to rotation without lifting an eyebrow Ruler item, to carry out using the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground to measure trees.
In the present embodiment, above-mentioned range unit 406 is laser range finder, and angle measurement unit 402 is angle sensor Device.
The maximum range of laser range finder is 1800mm, and minimum precision is 1mm, and the maximum range of angular transducer is 360 °, 12 Measurement Resolutions, minimum precision is 0.088 °.
It is provided with data recording equipment 103 on first ruler item 101 or the second ruler item 102, to record data when measurement Information.
Data recording equipment 103 is connect with the data processing equipment in the present embodiment, is powered by it, and realizes number According to communication, facilitate the record of data and save backup, wherein rotational angle when data information when measurement includes measurement, Away from, the type of trees and position etc..
It can refer to Fig. 1 and 3, in the present embodiment, operation button and display device be provided on operating case 104, grasp Make to be provided with data processing equipment in box 104 comprising microprocessor, power module, memory module and communication module, data Processing unit is connect with operation button, display device, angle measurement unit 402 and range unit 406.
Wherein display device is liquid crystal display, and microprocessor is singlechip chip, model STM32F103, power supply mould Block includes battery, power switch and charging interface, and battery is lithium battery, and voltage 3.7V can be supplemented by charging interface Electricity.
Memory module is the SD storage card of insertable, and communication module is bluetooth, can be carried out with mobile terminal such as mobile phone The data information that measurement obtains is sent to mobile phone, is user-friendly for data collection and record by communication.
Trees are clamped by the first ruler item and the second ruler item, and tangent with trees cylinder, then passes through angle measurement unit And the data of range unit, what can be read fastly obtains tree breast-height diameter data, at the same user operate it is very convenient, and Data after measurement can be sent to mobile terminal by the communication module in operating case, not need manually to carry out data record, Reduce the step of tree breast-height diameter personnel manually record, improves the working efficiency of forest-tree tree breast diameter survey.
Embodiment two
With reference to Fig. 6, a kind of measurement method of tree breast-height diameter is present embodiments provided, comprising steps of
Step 1: the v-shaped structure of measuring device is opened, and make the first ruler item and the second ruler item holding horizontal;
Step 2: rotation the first ruler item and the second ruler item so that the first ruler item and the second ruler item respectively with trees cylinder It is tangent;
Step 3: obtaining the rotational angle of the first ruler item or the second ruler item and surveying the connection of the first ruler item and the second ruler item Spacing between place and trees, and the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground size of the trees is obtained according to preset formula.
In the present embodiment, measuring device is that the measuring device provided in embodiment one is made by using above-mentioned range unit The measuring process for obtaining tree breast-height diameter is very simple and convenient, can quickly realize the measurement to tree breast-height diameter, while by default Formula can guarantee the accuracy of measurement.
Wherein, preset formula is
D=(2w cos α+(z cos^2 α)/sin α)/(1-cos α)-z/2,
Wherein, w=s-m, d are the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground size of trees, and α is the rotational angle of the first ruler item or the second ruler item, and s is ranging The spacing of device and trees, m are the linear distance for the line segment that range unit is constituted to the first gear center of circle and the second gear center of circle.
The formula can be derived according to Fig. 4, and in Fig. 4, Z1 indicates that the first ruler item, Z2 indicate the second ruler item, and L is ranging Device, r1, r2 are respectively the center of circle of first gear and second gear, and x1 is the axis of the first ruler item, and x2 is the second ruler item Axis.
Data after measurement can be directly displayed in the display device on measuring device operating case, can refer to Fig. 5, when pressing When key on lower data recording equipment, additionally it is possible to store into memory module the data after measurement, then communication mould can be passed through Block upload the data to host computer.
The measurement method step is succinct, guarantees that measurement result can be quickly obtained when measurement tree breast-height diameter, passes through simultaneously Preset formula can also guarantee the accuracy of measurement result, and the data after measurement can save and upload to host computer, facilitate work It is analyzed as personnel, and has also subtracted the work load for manually recording data.
Specific embodiment described herein is only an example for the spirit of the invention.The neck of technology belonging to the present invention The technical staff in domain can make various modifications or additions to the described embodiments or replace by a similar method In generation, however, it does not deviate from the spirit of the invention or beyond the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of measuring device of tree breast-height diameter characterized by comprising the first ruler item, the second ruler item and operating case, it is described One end of first ruler item is flexibly connected with one end of the second ruler item, forms the adjustable v-shaped structure of an opening angle, trees folder It holds in the v-shaped structure, angle measurement unit and range unit is provided in the operating case, pass through the angle measurement Device measures the rotational angle of the first ruler item and/or the second ruler item, measures the first ruler article and the by the range unit Spacing between the junction and trees of two ruler items is provided with data processing equipment in the operating case, according to the angle of rotation Degree and the spacing, obtain the measurement result of tree breast-height diameter.
2. a kind of measuring device of tree breast-height diameter according to claim 1, which is characterized in that one end of the first ruler item It is provided with first gear, one end of the second ruler item is provided with second gear, and the first gear is nibbled with the second gear It closes.
3. a kind of measuring device of tree breast-height diameter according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the first gear with it is described The modulus of second gear is identical, so that the first ruler item and the second ruler item rotate synchronously.
4. a kind of measuring device of tree breast-height diameter according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the range unit is located at institute State the crosspoint of the first ruler axis and the second ruler axis.
5. a kind of measuring device of tree breast-height diameter according to claim, which is characterized in that the operating case is square body, The rotation slot rotated for the first ruler item and the second ruler item, the first ruler item and described second are offered on its side The rotational angle range of ruler item is 0-90 °.
6. a kind of measuring device of tree breast-height diameter according to claim 1, which is characterized in that be provided in the operating case One end of first rotating shaft and the second shaft, the first gear and the first ruler item, which is arranged in the first rotating shaft, to be turned Dynamic, one end setting of the second gear and the second ruler item rotates in second shaft, the angle measurement dress Install one end in the first ruler item or one end of the second ruler item.
7. a kind of measuring device of tree breast-height diameter according to claim 1, which is characterized in that be provided on the operating case Operation button and display device, the data processing equipment in the operating case includes microprocessor, power module, memory module And communication module, the data processing equipment and the operation button, display device, angle measurement unit and range unit Connection.
8. a kind of measuring device of tree breast-height diameter according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the range unit is laser Rangefinder, the angle measurement unit are angular transducer, and data record dress is provided on the first ruler item or the second ruler item It sets, to record data information when measurement.
9. a kind of measurement method of tree breast-height diameter, which is characterized in that comprising steps of
Step 1: the v-shaped structure of measuring device is opened, and make the first ruler item and the second ruler item holding horizontal;
Step 2: the first ruler item of rotation and the second ruler item, so that the first ruler item is tangent with trees cylinder respectively with the second ruler item;
Step 3: obtaining the rotational angle of the first ruler item or the second ruler item and the spacing of range unit and trees, and according to pre- If formula obtains the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground size of the trees.
10. a kind of application method of tree breast-height diameter device according to claim 9, which is characterized in that described default Formula includes:
D=(2wcos α+(zcos^2 α)/sin α)/(1-cos α)-z/2
In above formula, w=s-m, d are the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground size of trees, and α is the rotational angle of the first ruler item or the second ruler item, and s is ranging dress The spacing with trees is set, m is the linear distance for the line segment that range unit is constituted to the first gear center of circle and the second gear center of circle.
CN201811434176.2A 2018-11-28 2018-11-28 A kind of measuring device and measuring method of tree breast-height diameter Pending CN109579762A (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110108184A (en) * 2019-06-18 2019-08-09 南开大学 A kind of linear displacement measurement device
CN110645948A (en) * 2019-08-28 2020-01-03 浙江农林大学 Method and system for extracting hyperelliptic parameters of stumpage breast height section
CN111707167A (en) * 2020-04-21 2020-09-25 浙江农林大学 Method and device for measuring asymmetrical breast diameter of tree
CN112066925A (en) * 2020-08-28 2020-12-11 浙江农林大学 Device and method for measuring breast diameter and height of standing tree
CN116007560A (en) * 2022-12-13 2023-04-25 金陵科技学院 Device and method for rapidly measuring breast diameter of standing tree based on unmanned aerial vehicle

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110108184A (en) * 2019-06-18 2019-08-09 南开大学 A kind of linear displacement measurement device
CN110645948A (en) * 2019-08-28 2020-01-03 浙江农林大学 Method and system for extracting hyperelliptic parameters of stumpage breast height section
CN110645948B (en) * 2019-08-28 2021-05-07 浙江农林大学 Method and system for extracting hyperelliptic parameters of stumpage breast height section
CN111707167A (en) * 2020-04-21 2020-09-25 浙江农林大学 Method and device for measuring asymmetrical breast diameter of tree
CN112066925A (en) * 2020-08-28 2020-12-11 浙江农林大学 Device and method for measuring breast diameter and height of standing tree
CN116007560A (en) * 2022-12-13 2023-04-25 金陵科技学院 Device and method for rapidly measuring breast diameter of standing tree based on unmanned aerial vehicle

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