CN107976133A - It is a kind of based on the diameter measuring device for cutting ruler - Google Patents
It is a kind of based on the diameter measuring device for cutting ruler Download PDFInfo
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- CN107976133A CN107976133A CN201711062529.6A CN201711062529A CN107976133A CN 107976133 A CN107976133 A CN 107976133A CN 201711062529 A CN201711062529 A CN 201711062529A CN 107976133 A CN107976133 A CN 107976133A
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- Prior art keywords
- ruler
- cutting
- measured object
- measuring device
- arm
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
- G01B5/0035—Measuring of dimensions of trees
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
- G01B5/08—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring diameters
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
- G01B7/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of based on cutting the diameter measuring device of ruler, including cut ruler (1), ruler and protractor (4)；The first end of ruler is connected with cutting the hinge joint A of ruler, and the second end of ruler is used to contact with measured object surface；Measured object is cylinder or cylindrical shape；The two-arm for cutting ruler is opened and clamps measured object, the second end of ruler is contacted with measured object surface；The angle calculation for cutting ruler opening of length and protractor measurement based on ruler obtains the diameter of phi of measured object.This is compact-sized based on the diameter measuring device for cutting ruler, easy to implement, can realize the automatic measurement of diameter.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of based on the diameter measuring device for cutting ruler.
Background technology
Vertical wood diameter, particularly brerast-height diatmeter, the abbreviation diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground (diameter at breast height), is forest meter
The important basic factors of enumeration in work is surveyed, is directly related to Forest Growth amount, forest reserves, Forest Productivity, forest matter
The estimation of amount.
At present, measuring the common tool of diameter has caliper scale, encloses ruler, laser diameter measuring instrument；
(1) caliper scale：Also known as slide calliper rule, there is wooden and aluminum.Construction such as Fig. 1, can be divided into fixed feet, sliding feet and blade.Survey
During footpath, blade and bipod are contacted with institute assize wood section at the same time, reading.
The drawback is that：Sliding feet contacts tight with blade, and bad slip, Song Liao is often not parallel with fixed feet, and amount is not
Standard, and being influenced greatly by humidity, all weathers, not Portable belt (sliding feet easily drops).
(2) diameter tape：Ruler is also known as enclosed, has cloth to enclose ruler, steel surrounding ruler and the thin bamboo strip and encloses ruler.Enclose the delineation circumference up and down of ruler one side
Long, the corresponding diameter readings of circumference.During measurement, enclosing ruler will tense around trunk one week, and both hands inevitably connect with trunk
Touch, if force is limited, be difficult to tense；There are ditch, hole by trees, there is honeycomb, thorn (China fir, kalopanax septemlobus) or anaphylaxis tree on trunk
Kind (lacquer tree), just is inconvenient to measure, if any depression, then ruler cannot enclose tight trunk, precision is not high at stem measurement position.
(3) CCD calipers and laser scanning caliper, utilize optics geometrical principle.
Line array CCD is placed in parallel light path, measured object is put in front of CCD in light path, and the light of directive CCD is just blocked by object
A part, therefore the signal of CCD outputs just has a recess, is obtained by the correspondence of the width of recess and the size of object
Measurand diameter, but large-sized CCD is particularly expensive.
Laser scanning measurement：High-velocity scanning is placed in the object of measured zone, projects the light on photelectric receiver in light
Interdicted during beam scanning object, the signal exported by analyzing optoelectronic receiver, can obtain and the related data of object diameter.
Both optical articles, complicated, of high cost, measure diameter range is limited, to the operating environment of measure object
It is required that it is high, carry, measure inconvenience.The forest environment application complicated and changeable of unsuitable large-scale forest zone, mountainous region, field pushes away
Extensively.
Therefore, it is necessary to design a kind of new diameter measuring device.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention be to provide it is a kind of based on the diameter measuring device for cutting ruler, should be based on cutting ruler
Diameter measuring device is easy to implement, and measurement is convenient.
The technical solution of invention is as follows：
It is a kind of based on cutting the diameter measuring device of ruler, including cut ruler, ruler and protractor；The first end of ruler is with cutting ruler
Hinge joint A be connected, the second end of ruler is used to contact with measured object surface；Measured object is cylinder or cylindrical shape；
The two-arm for cutting ruler is opened and clamps measured object, the second end of ruler is contacted with measured object surface；
The angle calculation for cutting ruler opening of length and protractor measurement based on ruler obtains the diameter of phi of measured object.
The ruler is T-square.
Diameter of phi=2R=2*L0*sin (a/2) of measured object/[1-sin (a/2)]；
Wherein L0 is the length from the hinge joint to the second end of ruler；
A is the angle for cutting ruler opening of protractor measurement.
Described further includes MCU and display screen based on the diameter measuring device for cutting ruler；The protractor is electronics angulation
Device；Display screen is connected with electronic angle gauge with MCU, and display screen is used to show measurement result.
MCU is also associated with communication module and locating module.Locating module is the Big Dipper or GPS module, communication module GPRS,
3G, 4G, or 5G communication module.
Diameter of phi=2* (R1+R2+R3)/3 of measured object；
Wherein:
R1 is the second end radius corresponding with measured object surface contact position D of ruler；
R2 is the first arm radius corresponding with B at measured object plane tangent for cutting ruler；
R3 is the second arm radius corresponding with C at measured object plane tangent for cutting ruler；
R1=L1*tan (a1)；
R2=L2*tan (a-a1)；
R3=L1/cos (a1)-L0；
Wherein L0 is the length from the hinge joint to the second end of ruler；L1 be cut the first arm of ruler from A to B point
Length；L2 is the length for the second arm point from A to C for cutting ruler；
A is the angle for cutting ruler opening of protractor measurement；A1 is the angle of the first arm and ruler of cutting ruler.
Filled based on the diameter measurement for cutting ruler and further include MCU and display screen；The protractor is electronic angle gauge；Display screen
It is connected with electronic angle gauge with MCU, display screen is used to show measurement result；Diameter measuring device further include for measure L1 and
The Length Measuring Circuit of L2.
Length Measuring Circuit includes constant-current source, resistance string and voltage detecting circuit；Constant-current source is powered for resistance string；Voltage is examined
Slowdown monitoring circuit is used to detect actually active ohmically overall presure drop U；
Then length L=n* △ k=U* △ k/ (R0*I0)；
Wherein, n is actually active resistance number；△ k are the distance between adjacent conductive thorn；R0 is the electricity of single resistance
Resistance value；I0 is the supply current of constant-current source；
The identical resistance of the resistance value of multiple series connection is equipped with the inner side for cutting the first arm of ruler and the second arm, adjacent resistance
Tie point is equipped with a conductive thorn, conduction thorn spaced set；The conduction of the ground connection of bar shaped is equipped with first arm and the second arm
Piece.
Operation principle illustrates, once certain point is contacted with measured object, in pressure under effect, the nearest conductive thorn with the point
Be connected with conductive sheet, then the number n of resistance in the actual access circuit and distance L of contact point to hinge joint A then have one it is right
It should be related to, L=n* △ k, n can be calculated by volt-ampere law again, i.e. n=U/ (R0*I0), concrete operation process is in MCU
Middle completion.
△ k are 2~20mm.It is preferred that 5mm or 10mm.
MCU is also associated with communication module and locating module.Locating module is the Big Dipper or GPS module, communication module GPRS,
3G, 4G, or 5G communication module.
Ruler can be with transform length, can also regular length.
Two graduated scales can increase a spring at the 5cm of hinge joint A, be easily adjacent to when pulling open measure trunk and easily
In footage.
Measuring process is as follows：
Diameter measurement is realized by cutting ruler, ruler and protractor；The first end of ruler and the hinge joint A phases for cutting ruler
Even, the second end of ruler is used to contact with measured object surface；Measured object is cylinder or cylindrical shape；
Measuring process is as follows：
Step 1：Opening cuts ruler；
The direction of opening and measured object it is axially vertical；
Step 2：The second end of ruler is propped up to the surface of measured object；And the two-arm for cutting ruler of opening is clamped into measured object；
Step 3：Reading；
The data of reading include the angle-data that protractor measures；
Step 4：Calculated diameter；
The angle calculation for cutting ruler opening of length and protractor measurement based on ruler obtains the diameter of phi of measured object.
Beneficial effect：
The present invention based on the diameter measuring device for cutting ruler, have the characteristics that：
(1) first, diameter measurement is realized using cutting ruler and ruler and coordinate, novel, step is simple, without using laser
Device or imaging sensor etc., it is easy to implement.Manipulator does not contact directly with trunk, easy to operate.
(2) multiple and different points are directed to, calculate radius in different ways, then are averaged, accuracy is high.
(3) whole measurement can realize electronical reading, without artificial reading, avoid and misread several generations.
(4) there is display module and communication module, display module is used to show measurement data, and communication module can tie measurement
Fruit uploads to host computer or remote platform, is conducive to remote data capture.
(5) present invention devises the dedicated unique mechanism and electricity for measuring brachium for specific measurement scene
Road；This is one of maximum original creation point of the present invention.
(6) it is easy to carry, it is easy to operate, the forest environment of complexity is adapted to, cost is low
(7) MCU is connected with voice reading module, and voice reading, can design 1000 data functions of storage, can avoid reading
Error.
In conclusion the present invention based on the diameter measuring device for cutting ruler, clever structure is easy to implement, measuring accuracy
Height, is adapted to promote and apply.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of existing diameter measuring device；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the diameter measuring device of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is electric functional block diagram；
Fig. 4 is linear measure longimetry schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 is Length Measuring Circuit schematic diagram.
Label declaration：1- cuts ruler, 2- T-squares, 3- trunks, 4- protractors, 11- resistance, the conductive thorns of 12-, 13- conductive sheets.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further details below with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments：
Embodiment 1：It is a kind of based on cutting the diameter measuring device of ruler such as Fig. 2, including cut ruler 1, ruler and protractor 4；Ruler
First end be connected with cutting the hinge joint A of ruler, the second end of ruler is used to contact with measured object (such as trunk 3) surface；Quilt
Thing is surveyed as cylinder or cylindrical shape；
The two-arm for cutting ruler is opened and clamps measured object, the second end of ruler is contacted with measured object surface；
The angle calculation for cutting ruler opening of length and protractor measurement based on ruler obtains the diameter of phi of measured object.
The ruler is T-square 2.
Diameter of phi=2R=2*L0*sin (a/2) of measured object/[1-sin (a/2)]；
Wherein L0 is the length from the hinge joint to the second end of ruler；The length of general ruler is regular length.
A is the angle for cutting ruler opening of protractor measurement.
Described further includes MCU and display screen based on the diameter measuring device for cutting ruler；The protractor is electronics angulation
Device；Display screen is connected with electronic angle gauge with MCU, and display screen is used to show measurement result.
MCU is also associated with communication module and locating module.Locating module is the Big Dipper or GPS module, communication module GPRS,
3G, 4G, or 5G communication module.
Embodiment 2：
It is a kind of based on cutting the diameter measuring device of ruler such as Fig. 2~5, including cut ruler (1), ruler and protractor (4)；Ruler
First end be connected with cutting the hinge joint A of ruler, the second end of ruler is used to contact with measured object surface；Measured object is cylinder
Shape or cylindrical shape；
The two-arm for cutting ruler is opened and clamps measured object, the second end of ruler is contacted with measured object surface；
The angle calculation for cutting ruler opening of length and protractor measurement based on ruler obtains the diameter of phi of measured object.
The ruler is T-square (2).
Diameter of phi=2* (R1+R2+R3)/3 of measured object；
Wherein:
R1 is the second end radius corresponding with measured object surface contact position D of ruler；
R2 is the first arm radius corresponding with B at measured object plane tangent for cutting ruler；
R3 is the second arm radius corresponding with C at measured object plane tangent for cutting ruler；
R1=L1*tan (a1)；
R2=L2*tan (a-a1)；
R3=L1/cos (a1)-L0；
Wherein L0 is the length from the hinge joint to the second end of ruler；L1 be cut the first arm of ruler from A to B point
Length；L2 is the length for the second arm point from A to C for cutting ruler；
A is the angle for cutting ruler opening of protractor measurement；A1 is the angle of the first arm and ruler of cutting ruler.
Filled based on the diameter measurement for cutting ruler and further include MCU and display screen；The protractor is electronic angle gauge；Display screen
It is connected with electronic angle gauge with MCU, display screen is used to show measurement result；Diameter measuring device further include for measure L1 and
The Length Measuring Circuit of L2.
Length Measuring Circuit includes constant-current source, resistance string and voltage detecting circuit；Constant-current source is powered for resistance string；Voltage is examined
Slowdown monitoring circuit is used to detect actually active ohmically overall presure drop U；
Then length L=n* △ k=U* △ k/ (R0*I0)；
Wherein, n is actually active resistance number；△ k are the distance between adjacent conductive thorn；R0 is the electricity of single resistance
Resistance value；I0 is the supply current of constant-current source；
The identical resistance (11) of the resistance value of multiple series connection, adjacent electricity are equipped with the inner side for cutting the first arm of ruler and the second arm
The tie point of resistance is equipped with a conductive thorn (12), conduction thorn spaced set；Connecing for bar shaped is equipped with first arm and the second arm
The conductive sheet (13) on ground.
Operation principle illustrates, once certain point is contacted with measured object, in pressure under effect, the nearest conductive thorn with the point
Be connected with conductive sheet, then the number n of resistance in the actual access circuit and distance L of contact point to hinge joint A then have one it is right
It should be related to, L=n* △ k, n can be calculated by volt-ampere law again, i.e. n=U/ (R0*I0), concrete operation process is in MCU
Middle completion.
△ k are 2~20mm.It is preferred that 5mm or 10mm.
MCU is also associated with communication module and locating module.Locating module is the Big Dipper or GPS module, communication module GPRS,
3G, 4G, or 5G communication module.
Ruler can be with transform length, can also regular length.
T-square is the steel T-square of the three-stage (every section of 10cm) of scalable (folding).
For a piece of trees during measure, large diameter tree three sections or two sections of T-square, in, one section of T-square of undersized log
It is adjacent to the trunk that need to be measured at diameter, opening cuts ruler, and it is vertical with trunk to cut ruler plane, cuts ruler and reclines trunk.
During measurement, AC, AB length scale and the angle index of ∠ a and ∠ a1 are read, obtains trunk diameter, i.e. 2 (R1+R2+
R3)/3.Repeatable measurement, is averaged.
If measuring regular, the satisfactory seeds of trunk, its diameter (being similar to diameter of a circle) is measured, then only needs to read ∠
A and AC data, obtain trunk diameter 2R1.Repeatable measurement.
Calculation formula is as follows：
R1=AB*tan ∠ a1
R2=AC*tan (∠ a- ∠ a1)
R3=AB/cos ∠ a1-AD AD:10cm or 20cm, 30cm
This time trunk average diameter D=2 (R1+R2+R3)/3 of measure
R1, R2, R3 are the radius at each position that trunk is highly located.
If in use, reading：∠ a=60.0 °, ∠ a1=31.0 °, AD=10cm (definite value), AB=20.0cm, AC=
20.5cm
Then：R1=12.017, R2=11.363, R3=13.331；R=24.5cm.
In addition, for the measure of the satisfactory seeds diameter of trunk, because of R1, R2, R3 approximately equal, ∠ a- ∠ a1=∠ a1
Then：R1=R2=AB*tan [(1/2) * ∠ a], trunk diameter R=2R1.
In use, such as reading：∠ a=60.0 °, AD=10cm (definite value), AB=20.0cm,
Then：R1=23.1cm.
Cut ruler (one end of no scale) and an one chip microcomputer is installed, the length and angle-data of collecting scissors ruler, have storage
Processing system (1000 groups of data), its result can carry out digital display and voice broadcast.
Claims (10)
- It is 1. a kind of based on the diameter measuring device for cutting ruler, it is characterised in that including cutting ruler (1), ruler and protractor (4)；Ruler First end be connected with cutting the hinge joint A of ruler, the second end of ruler is used to contact with measured object surface；Measured object is cylinder Shape or cylindrical shape；The two-arm for cutting ruler is opened and clamps measured object, the second end of ruler is contacted with measured object surface；The angle calculation for cutting ruler opening of length and protractor measurement based on ruler obtains the diameter of phi of measured object.
- It is 2. according to claim 1 based on the diameter measuring device for cutting ruler, it is characterised in that the ruler is T-square (2)。
- It is 3. according to claim 1 based on the diameter measuring device for cutting ruler, it is characterised in that diameter of phi=2R of measured object =2*L0*sin (a/2)/[1-sin (a/2)]；Wherein L0 is the length from the hinge joint to the second end of ruler；A is the angle for cutting ruler opening of protractor measurement.
- It is 4. according to claim 1 based on the diameter measuring device for cutting ruler, it is characterised in that to further include MCU and display screen； The protractor is electronic angle gauge；Display screen is connected with electronic angle gauge with MCU, and display screen is used to show measurement knot Fruit.
- It is 5. according to claim 4 based on the diameter measuring device for cutting ruler, it is characterised in that MCU is also associated with communication mould Block and locating module.
- It is 6. according to claim 1 based on the diameter measuring device for cutting ruler, it is characterised in that diameter of phi=2* of measured object (R1+R2+R3)/3；Wherein:R1 is the second end radius corresponding with measured object surface contact position D of ruler；R2 is the first arm radius corresponding with B at measured object plane tangent for cutting ruler；R3 is the second arm radius corresponding with C at measured object plane tangent for cutting ruler；R1=L1*tan (a1)；R2=L2*tan (a-a1)；R3=L1/cos (a1)-L0；Wherein L0 is the length from the hinge joint to the second end of ruler；L1 is the length for the first arm point from A to B for cutting ruler Degree；L2 is the length for the second arm point from A to C for cutting ruler；A is the angle for cutting ruler opening of protractor measurement；A1 is the angle of the first arm and ruler of cutting ruler.
- It is 7. according to claim 6 based on the diameter measuring device for cutting ruler, it is characterised in that to further include MCU and display screen； The protractor is electronic angle gauge；Display screen is connected with electronic angle gauge with MCU, and display screen is used to show measurement knot Fruit；Diameter measuring device further includes the Length Measuring Circuit for measuring L1 and L2.
- It is 8. according to claim 7 based on the diameter measuring device for cutting ruler, it is characterised in that Length Measuring Circuit includes perseverance Stream source, resistance string and voltage detecting circuit；Constant-current source is powered for resistance string；Voltage detecting circuit is used to detect actually active electricity Overall presure drop U in resistance；Then length L=n* △ k=U* △ k/ (R0*I0)；Wherein, n is actually active resistance number；△ k are the distance between adjacent conductive thorn；R0 is the resistance of single resistance Value；I0 is the supply current of constant-current source；The identical resistance (11) of the resistance value of multiple series connection is equipped with the inner side for cutting the first arm of ruler and the second arm, adjacent resistance Tie point is equipped with a conductive thorn (12), conduction thorn spaced set；The ground connection of bar shaped is equipped with first arm and the second arm Conductive sheet (13).
- It is 9. according to claim 7 based on the diameter measuring device for cutting ruler, it is characterised in that △ k are 2~20mm.
- 10. according to claim 7-9 any one of them based on the diameter measuring device for cutting ruler, it is characterised in that MCU is also connected with There are communication module and locating module.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201711062529.6A CN107976133B (en) | 2017-11-02 | 2017-11-02 | Diameter measuring device based on shear ruler |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201711062529.6A CN107976133B (en) | 2017-11-02 | 2017-11-02 | Diameter measuring device based on shear ruler |
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| CN107976133B CN107976133B (en) | 2020-07-24 |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109737910A (en) * | 2019-03-25 | 2019-05-10 | 中国航发哈尔滨轴承有限公司 | A kind of method of determining taper roller large end face ball basal plane maximum gauge arc position |
| CN111707167A (en) * | 2020-04-21 | 2020-09-25 | 浙江农林大学 | Method and device for measuring asymmetrical breast diameter of tree |
| CN112066925A (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2020-12-11 | 浙江农林大学 | Device and method for measuring breast diameter and height of standing tree |
| CN114018122A (en) * | 2021-11-09 | 2022-02-08 | 北京林业大学 | Global forest growth amount system determination method |
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| CN102506658A (en) * | 2011-11-05 | 2012-06-20 | 张家港海锅重型锻件有限公司 | Tool for measuring diameter of forging piece |
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| EP0329380A1 (en) * | 1988-02-16 | 1989-08-23 | General Electric Company | Diameter gauge |
| JPH0278901A (en) * | 1988-09-14 | 1990-03-19 | Chuo Denshi Kk | Method and device for measuring external diameter of columnar body |
| CN1073762A (en) * | 1991-12-25 | 1993-06-30 | 翁炳焕 | A kind of measuring appliance of measuring immunoglobulin deposit ring diameter |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109737910A (en) * | 2019-03-25 | 2019-05-10 | 中国航发哈尔滨轴承有限公司 | A kind of method of determining taper roller large end face ball basal plane maximum gauge arc position |
| CN111707167A (en) * | 2020-04-21 | 2020-09-25 | 浙江农林大学 | Method and device for measuring asymmetrical breast diameter of tree |
| CN112066925A (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2020-12-11 | 浙江农林大学 | Device and method for measuring breast diameter and height of standing tree |
| CN114018122A (en) * | 2021-11-09 | 2022-02-08 | 北京林业大学 | Global forest growth amount system determination method |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN107976133B (en) | 2020-07-24 |
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