CN109568643A - 一种含小檗碱的抗菌止血微球的制备方法及其应用 - Google Patents
一种含小檗碱的抗菌止血微球的制备方法及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN109568643A CN109568643A CN201811225912.3A CN201811225912A CN109568643A CN 109568643 A CN109568643 A CN 109568643A CN 201811225912 A CN201811225912 A CN 201811225912A CN 109568643 A CN109568643 A CN 109568643A
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Abstract
本申请涉及一种含小檗碱的抗菌止血微球及其制备和应用,且止血剂可用于体内并能快速降解吸收。本发明采用一种羧甲基壳聚糖、海藻酸钠、胶原、小檗碱为原料的复合抗菌止血材料,利用小檗碱的抗菌和粘附性特点,在使得材料获得抗菌性能的同时,其止血效果进一步加强。同时在止血后的模拟体液环境下,降解羧甲基壳聚糖、海藻酸钠、胶原和小檗碱这些止血抗菌有效成分,利用相关材料均为聚多糖、多肽可被水解,以及小分子易被代谢分解的性质,从而起到止血材料在体内可快速降解吸收的效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种含小檗碱的抗菌止血微球及其制备方法和相关应用。
发明背景
创伤出血是诱发死亡的常见因素之一,有效的止血材料可以迅速控制出血,这对于伤口治疗和获得时间进一步抢救是至关重要的。如何快速有效地止血是一直急救和临床医疗中的重点和难点,而大多数止血剂仅对小血管出血较为有效,对大范围、深层次出血的止血效果不理想。市场上的止血材料主要分为合成制剂、物理制剂、生物制剂、可吸收剂以及新型止血敷料。合成制剂,如氰基丙烯酸盐粘合剂等,能够在有水的情况下迅速构成高分子聚合物从而快速粘合周围组织实现快速止血;物理制剂,如矿物质沸石等,可以吸收伤口周围的液体,从而增加伤口部位凝集因素、血小板和红细胞的浓度来达到止血的效果;生物制剂,如血小板凝胶等,可以直接或间接地提供外来凝血成分,促进血栓形成,进而加速止血;可吸收剂,如明胶海绵等,具有高膨胀系数,可以吸收血液产生填塞效果,以达到止血的目的;新型止血敷料,如壳聚糖敷料等,可以通过材料的物理或化学作用提高伤口处自身凝血成分的浓度以实现止血。
近年来随着研究的深入,许多生物质材料在止血材料方面展现出广泛而独特的应用价值。但是市场上现存的止血材料种类繁多、风险较高。因此研制出一种安全可靠、止血效果好的止血材料具有潜在的生物医药开发价值。优秀的止血材料应具备:止血高效,使用方便,价格便宜,没有毒性,无抗原性,有良好的组织相容性,不影响组织愈合的速度,不增加感染概率等特点。
近年国内外研制的止血剂或止血敷料很多,其中也不乏含抗菌性能的止血敷料,但是大部分产品是利用材料进行抗生素类药物的载药复合或是复合抗菌作用的金,银,碘等抗菌粒子。然而,抗生素类药物的复合虽然可以减少口服或注射抗生素的用量,却不可避免抗生素长久使用的耐药性问题;更重要的是以银、碘等抗菌粒子复合的止血敷料,不可被人体吸收和降解,仅限于体表皮肤的使用,不适合作为体内使用的止血敷料,从而无法满足许多重要临床手术和医用急救的特殊止血处理。而以上各类复合的抗菌成分只起到抗菌作用均没有加强原材料止血性能,有的甚至降低了原材料的止血性能。
中国专利201410384076.9公开了一种抗菌促愈合活性的复合止血粉及其制备方法,涉及一种以埃洛石纳米管负载溶菌酶并且复合了壳聚糖的止血粉剂材料。该种材料希望利用埃洛石和壳聚糖发挥无机、有机材料各自优点起到止血杀菌作用,但正如其所述埃洛石纳米管作为无机材料,主要成分为氧化硅、氧化铝以及少量其他金属氧化物,该类成分在体内很难被降解吸收,也不能被溶菌酶水解从而发挥协同作用,因此不宜作为止血粉剂用于体内止血。
中国专利CN201610526892.8公开了一种可吸收抗菌止血微球、制备方法及其应用,所述的可吸收抗菌止血微球包括羧甲基壳聚糖、海藻酸钠、明胶和溶菌酶,对大出血创面快速止血,防止创面细菌感染;生物相容性好,可降解吸收,促进伤口愈合。该发明主要应用了溶菌酶的易降解特定结合其他成分形成可吸收抗菌止血微球,其提供的可选择和可替代方案较少,规模化应用对于产品原料的来源具有一定的局限性。
因此,受血小板在凝血中作用机制的启发,本发明将羧甲基壳聚糖、海藻酸钠、胶原和小檗碱这四种天然生物质材料和天然产物通过复合交联反应来制备新型复合抗菌生物质止血微球。与传统的止血材料相比,微球是一种最近几年发展起来的新剂型,具有高紧致度以及优秀的堆积作用,可以较好的增加药物的稳定性,并使药物具有靶向作用及缓释功效。并且粉末状止血材料能够应用于任何深度或形状的伤口,当被喷射入伤口造成的开腔时,它会扩散并形成一个抑制血液流出的屏障,其高效的止血效率能够显著的提高患者存活率。羧甲基壳聚糖是壳聚糖的一种新的衍生物,壳聚糖是甲壳素经化学处理脱乙酰基后的产物,是一种天然的阳离子型的生物聚合物。壳聚糖具有众多生理活性,如止血、抗肿瘤、抗氧化、降脂、抗凝血,促进伤口愈合,提高免疫力等。同时,壳聚糖无刺激性、无抗原免疫性,并且具有良好的组织相容性,可以被动物体组织中的溶菌酶降解,生成能被机体完全吸收的无毒的天然代谢产物。羧甲基壳聚糖除了具有壳聚糖的一般优点性质外,还具有优良的水溶性和更快的生物降解性,因此比壳聚糖能应用到更多的领域。海藻酸钠是一种从天然褐藻中提取的聚阴离子多糖的钠盐,具有无毒性、生物相容性、生物降解性、生物黏附性以及胶凝特性。进入人体后不会参与机体代谢,在人体中最终降解为甘露糖和古罗糖,不被人体吸收,无毒副作用,可以通过尿液从人体中安全排除,可作为安全良好的制剂。胶原是由动物皮肤、骨、肌膜等结缔组织中的部分,由于其结构与生物体组织结构相似,因此具有良好的生物相容性。胶原具有很强的亲水性,在与创面接触时,可以迅速吸收创面处的渗出液与血液。同时胶原也会自身膨胀,增大对创面的压力,能减缓患处的血液流速。此外胶原作为一种天然的高分子材料,降解产物易被吸收且不产生炎症反应。小檗碱是我国传统的中药材,有数百年的使用历史,抗菌谱广,体外对多种革兰阳性及阴性菌均具抑菌作用。其中对溶血性链球菌、金葡菌、霍乱弧菌、脑膜炎球菌、志贺痢疾杆菌、伤寒杆菌、白喉杆菌等有较强的抑制作用,低浓度时抑菌,高浓度时杀菌。对流感病毒、阿米巴原虫、钩端螺旋体、某些皮肤真菌也有一定抑制作用,同时其与青霉素、链霉素等并无交叉耐药性。
因此,本发明希望通过研制一种复合抗菌止血剂,且止血剂可用于体内并能快速降解吸收,在降解过程中释放抗菌成分小檗碱,起到防止伤口感染的目的。同时本发明利用小檗碱的抗菌和亲脂性特点,既起到抗菌作用同时在止血初期的体液环境下,利用小檗碱的亲脂性,使得材料快速粘附于创面加快止血,缩短出血时间。利用羧甲基壳聚糖和海藻酸钠均为聚多糖可被水解的性质,以及胶原为氨基酸多肽也可被水解的性质,从而起到止血材料在体内可快速降解吸收的效果。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的在于提供一种含小檗碱的复合抗菌止血微球材料:包括羧甲基壳聚糖、海藻酸钠、胶原和小檗碱,对大出血创面快速止血,防止创面细菌感染;生物相容性好,可降解吸收,促进伤口愈合。
优选的,所述的海藻酸钠、羧甲基壳聚糖、胶原和小檗碱的质量比为:1~5:0.1~1:0.05~0.5:0.01~1。
优选的,所述的羧甲基壳聚糖、海藻酸钠、胶原和小檗碱的质量比为:1~5:0.1~1:0.05~0.1:0.01~0.5。
进一步优选的,所述的羧甲基壳聚糖、海藻酸钠、胶原和小檗碱的质量比为:3~5:1:0.05~0.1:0.02~0.4,特别优选3:1:0.05:0.02~0.4。
优选的,所述微球的平均粒径1-100 μm,特别优选1-60 μm。
本发明的另一个目的在于,提供一种含小檗碱的抗菌止血微球的制备方法,具体包括如下步骤:
(1)制备基质溶液:称取质量比为1~5:0.1~1:0.05~0.5:0.01~1的海藻酸钠、羧甲基壳聚糖、胶原和小檗碱,加入10-100倍的蒸馏水,在水浴中加热至凝胶状水溶液;
(2)混合:将制备的基质溶液加入到含分散剂的乳化剂中,强力搅拌,分散剂与基质溶液的体积比或质量比,ml/ml或g/g为1~30:10,乳化剂与基质溶液的体积比或质量比ml/ml或g/g,为0.1~3: 10;
(3)乳化交联共聚:加入交联剂,交联剂与基质液的体积比或质量比,ml/ml或g/g为0.5~10: 10;反应时间为1~12小时,反应完毕后,停止搅拌,出料;
(4)粗制:料液分层后,倾出油相后加入洗涤剂或直接加入洗涤剂,反复洗涤;最后抽滤;
(5)干燥:将过滤后的微球粗样中加入稀释液,微球粗样与稀释液的质量体积比或质量比,g/ml或g/g,为1:100~2000,将湿样通过离心喷雾干燥和真空干燥;最后,密封包装,无菌处理。
所述的含小檗碱的抗菌止血微球的制备方法,优选的,羧甲基壳聚糖、海藻酸钠、明胶和小檗碱的质量比为:1~5:0.1~1:0.05~0.1:0.01~0.5,进一步优选3~5:1:0.05~0.1:0.02~0.4,特别优选3:1:0.05:0.02~0.4。
所述的含小檗碱的抗菌止血微球的制备方法,优选的,步骤(5)中所述稀释液为蒸馏水或5%的乙醇溶液。
所述的含小檗碱的抗菌止血微球的制备方法,优选的,步骤(5)中干燥后获得的所述微球的平均粒径为1-100μm。
进一步优选的微球的平均粒径为1-60μm。
本发明的另一个目的在于,提供一种含小檗碱的抗菌止血微球在制备止血材料中应用。
上述本发明提供的复合抗菌可吸收止血微球所用的分散剂优选如下:不仅限于液体石蜡、大豆油、乙酸乙酯、乙醇、蓖麻油、甘油酯脂肪酸等,可以单独或混合适用于本发明。
上述本发明提供的复合抗菌可吸收止血微球所用的乳化剂优选如下:不仅限于司班系列和吐温系列等,可以单独或混合适用于本发明。
上述本发明提供的复合抗菌可吸收止血微球所用的交联剂优选如下:不仅限于甲醛、环氧氯丙烷、氯化钙、戊二醛、三氯氧磷、三偏磷酸钠等,可以单独或混合适用于本发明。
上述本发明的复合抗菌可吸收止血微球,所述的洗涤剂优选为蒸馏水、乙酸乙酯、乙醇、丙酮、甲醇和石油醚中的一种以上。
上述本发明的复合抗菌可吸收止血微球,所述的稀释剂优选为蒸馏水、乙酸乙酯、乙醇、丙酮、甲醇和石油醚等,可以单独或混合适用于本发明。
上述步骤(5)中微球干燥完成后,体积平均粒径1-100 μm,优选平均粒径1-60 μm.
本发明还公开了上述复合抗菌可吸收止血微球在用于SD大鼠半截尾止血应用的效果。
本发明的作用机理为:含小檗碱的抗菌止血微球是一种干燥、无菌、具有微米和纳米孔径、球状的微粒,添加小檗碱作为抗菌成分,具有极强的吸水性能,通过浓缩血液的固形成分,提高血小板聚集、粘附,从而激活血小板发挥凝血作用,并激发纤维蛋白原形成蛋白纤维,加快了蛋白网形成止血塞的过程和稳定性,同时利用小檗碱提高材料粘性,加速材料堆积和缩短止血时间。体外降解实验表明,材料的降解迅速,在12小时内即完成降解。材料的抑菌实验表明,材料的抑菌效果明显;进行的动物实验表明,其止血迅速。
本发明可吸收抗菌止血微球具有以下有益效果:1.本发明的止血材料止血时间短:一般1-2分钟完成止血;2.本发明的止血材料通过创造性的引用来源更广泛、成本更低的小檗碱,同时利用小檗碱亲脂性的特点,提高材料粘附性,加速伤口堆积和缩短止血时间;3.强效抑菌,防止伤口感染;4.使用方便:将止血粉喷洒于创面出血处即可;5.易储存,保存时间长;6.羧甲基壳聚糖、海藻酸钠和胶原可被水解的性质,以及小檗碱的小分子化合物易代谢特点,止血材料降解速度快。因此,复合抗菌可吸收止血微球将是一种理想的外科止血抗菌剂。
附图说明
附图1:实施例1止血微球产品扫描电镜图;
附图2:实施例2止血微球产品扫描电镜图;
附图3:实施例3止血微球产品扫描电镜图;
附图4:实施例4止血微球产品扫描电镜图。
具体实施方式
实施例1
1、基质溶液制备:将15 g海藻酸钠、5 g羧甲基壳聚糖、0.25 g胶原和2 g小檗碱分别加入到1000 m1水中溶解,制成4份基质溶液。
2、物料混合:2500 ml液体石蜡分散剂与180 ml吐温80乳化剂混合,加入海藻酸钠、羧甲基壳聚糖和胶原混合基质溶液乳化搅拌1小时后,以2% w/w氯化钙100 ml为交联剂滴加入混合物料中并伴以快速搅拌,以进行交联反应制得微球。
3、精制:料液分层后,倾出上层油相,弃去,向下层液体中加入无水乙醇5000ml,搅拌,弃去上清,重复洗涤3~5次。抽滤,加入小檗碱基质溶液1000 ml稀释后进行喷雾干燥,获得1~60 μm左右的微球。将微球进一步真空干燥、无菌处理后密封包装。
实施例2
1、基质溶液制备:将15 g海藻酸钠、5 g羧甲基壳聚糖、0.25 g胶原分别加入到1000 m1水中溶解,制成3份基质溶液。
2、物料混合:2500 ml液体石蜡与180 ml吐温80混合,加入海藻酸钠、羧甲基壳聚糖和胶原混合基质溶液乳化搅拌1小时后,以2% w/w氯化钙100 ml滴加入混合物料中并伴以快速搅拌,以进行交联反应制得微球。
3、精制:料液分层后,倾出上层油相,弃去,向下层液体中加入无水乙醇5000 ml,搅拌,弃去上清,重复洗涤3~5次。抽滤,加入水溶液1000 ml稀释后进行喷雾干燥,获得1~60 μm左右的微球。将微球进一步真空干燥、无菌处理后密封包装(无小檗碱,无药对照组)。
实施例3
1、基质溶液制备:将15g海藻酸钠、5 g羧甲基壳聚糖、0.25 g胶原和1 g小檗碱分别加入到1000 m1水中溶解,制成4份基质溶液。
2、物料混合:2500 ml液体石蜡分散剂与180 ml吐温80乳化剂混合,加入海藻酸钠、羧甲基壳聚糖和胶原混合基质溶液乳化搅拌1小时后,以2% w/w氯化钙100 ml为交联剂滴加入混合物料中并伴以快速搅拌,以进行交联反应制得微球。
3、精制:料液分层后,倾出上层油相,弃去,向下层液体中加入无水乙醇5000 ml,搅拌,弃去上清,重复洗涤3~5次。抽滤,加入小檗碱基质溶液1000 ml稀释后进行喷雾干燥,获得1~60 μm左右的微球。将微球进一步真空干燥、无菌处理后密封包装。
实施例4
1、基质溶液制备:将15g海藻酸钠、5g羧甲基壳聚糖、0.25 g胶原和0.2 g小檗碱分别加入到1000 m1水中溶解,制成4份基质溶液。
2、物料混合:2500 ml液体石蜡与180 ml吐温80混合,加入海藻酸钠、羧甲基壳聚糖和胶原混合基质溶液乳化搅拌1小时后,以2% w/w氯化钙100 ml滴加入混合物料中并伴以快速搅拌,以进行交联反应制得微球。
3、精制:料液分层后,倾出上层油相,弃去,向下层液体中加入无水乙醇5000 ml,搅拌,弃去上清,重复洗涤3~5次。抽滤,加小檗碱基质溶液1000 ml稀释后进行喷雾干燥,获得1~60 μm左右的微球。将微球进一步真空干燥、无菌处理后密封包装。
实施例5
1、基质溶液制备:将15 g海藻酸钠、3 g羧甲基壳聚糖、0.1 g胶原和0.05 g小檗碱分别加入到1000 m1水中溶解,制成4份基质溶液。
2、物料混合:2500 ml液体石蜡与18 ml吐温80混合,加入海藻酸钠、羧甲基壳聚糖和胶原混合基质溶液乳化搅拌1小时后,以2% w/w氯化钙10 ml滴加入混合物料中并伴以快速搅拌,以进行交联反应制得微球。
3、精制:料液分层后,倾出上层油相,弃去,向下层液体中加入无水乙醇500 ml,搅拌,弃去上清,重复洗涤3~5次。抽滤,加小檗碱基质溶液100 ml稀释后进行喷雾干燥,获得1~60 μm左右的微球。将微球进一步真空干燥、无菌处理后密封包装。
实施例6
1、基质溶液制备:将20g海藻酸钠、5 g羧甲基壳聚糖、0.25 g胶原和2.5 g小檗碱分别加入到1000 m1水中溶解,制成4份基质溶液。
2、物料混合:2000 ml大豆油与180 ml吐温80混合,加入海藻酸钠、羧甲基壳聚糖和胶原混合基质溶液乳化搅拌1小时后,以2% w/w氯化钙100 ml滴加入混合物料中并伴以快速搅拌,以进行交联反应制得微球。
3、精制:料液分层后,倾出油相,弃去,向剩余液体中加入无水乙醇5000 ml,搅拌,重复洗涤3~5次。抽滤,加入小檗碱基质溶液1000 ml稀释后进行喷雾干燥,获得1~60 μm左右的微球。将微球进一步真空干燥、无菌处理后密封包装。
实施例7
1、基质溶液制备:将15g海藻酸钠、5 g羧甲基壳聚糖、0.25 g胶原和2.5 g小檗碱分别加入到1000 m1的5%乙醇中溶解,制成4份基质溶液。
2、物料混合:将180 ml吐温80加入海藻酸钠、羧甲基壳聚糖和胶原混合基质溶液搅拌3分钟后,以2% w/w氯化钙100 ml滴加入混合物料中并伴以快速搅拌,以进行交联反应制得微球。
3、精制:向混合液体中加入无水乙醇5000 ml,搅拌,重复洗涤3~5次。抽滤,加入小檗碱基质溶液1000 ml稀释后进行喷雾干燥,获得1~60 μm左右的微球。将微球进一步真空干燥、无菌处理后密封包装。
实施例8:配比对照组
制备:将15 g海藻酸钠、5 g羧甲基壳聚糖、0.25 g胶原和0.2 g小檗碱粉末混合均匀后,不作交联反应处理,进一步真空干燥、无菌处理后密封包装。
测试例
1)材料结构和形貌分析
对实施例1-4的产品进行扫描电镜观察,实验结果如图1-4:
扫描电子显微镜SEM观察材料的表面形态,按使用说明,首先将材料喷金后固定在导电胶上,然后选择在合适模式下进行扫描,观察分析材料的三维形貌,同时对微区进行成分和结晶学分析。
实施例1方案制备产品中小檗碱含量较高,使得微球较粘结,如附图1所示;实施例2方案制备产品中无小檗碱,使得微球表面光洁无明显粘结现象,如附图2所示;实施例3方案制备产品中小檗碱含量低于实施例1,使得微球具备一定粘性,但没有明显板结,如附图3所示;实施例4产品中小檗碱含低于实施例3,使得微球粘性进一步降低,微球表明光洁和实施例2接近。
1)吸水倍率和降解分析
对实施例1-7的产品进行吸水倍率检测实验,实验结果如下表所示。
称取0.01 g样品分别加入多个离心管中,称取空管重量(W0,单位g),加入1 mlPBS混匀在37度下,待止血粉溶胀每10 min后离心去上清留沉淀,沥干后称总重 (W1,W2....Wn,单位g),直至材料完全溶胀,重量不再发生明显变化,即时停止。
在完成吸水倍率实验后,立即进行降解实验。我们记录随着时间延长吸水倍率的变化除以最大吸水倍率计为降解速率,降解率100%表示完全降解。从实施例和对比例的数据来看,加入会降低材料吸水性能,实施例2没有加小檗碱所以吸水倍率较高。加入溶菌酶模拟体内降解环境。我们以每30 min后离心去上清留沉淀,沥干后称总重 (W’1,W’2....W’n,单位g),直至材料完全降解或实验超过120 min。
从吸水倍率和降解时间实验可以看出,小檗碱加入的质量对微球的吸水性能影响较大,小檗碱量的增加至一定程度时,由于插入原交联体系会切断钙离子的对分子链的交联,所以交联度下降,吸水性能降低,相应地止血微球的整体吸水性能和降解性能达到极限值。同时材料的降解速率也有所降低在1.5小时内,2小时后降解效果和没有小檗碱的微球没有明显区别。
2)抑菌实验分析
目的通过抑菌圈检测评价含小檗碱止血微球的抗菌活性。
方法将金黄色葡萄球菌菌种活化并制备备用,采用预加菌液倾注平板法,注入10ml无菌培养基于下层,取45℃±2℃的琼脂培养基,按菌液:培养基1:100加入适量菌液,振荡使细菌分布均匀,向上步骤的每个平皿中倾注5-10ml,并使其凝结。将不同止血微球和“瞬时”止血粉以10 mg/ml制备成对应样品溶液,胺苄青霉素以0.1mg/ml制备。将灭过菌的滤纸片用打孔器制成每个为6mm的直径相同的圆片,分别浸润在上述样品中(空白对照组将打孔后滤纸片浸润于ddH2O中);在超净台中,将制备好的琼脂培养皿用记号笔在培养皿底部划线为6等分,并标记好每部分所对应的纸片型号;用镊子将纸片分别放入对应的区域;4℃预扩散2h,37℃培养,约12h后观察培养皿的长菌情况,测定抑菌圈大小;用相同的方法做两组平行对照。结果如下表1:
表1 可吸收抗菌止血微球抗菌活性(单位为mm)
从上述表1中的抑菌性能可以看出,综合吸水性、降解性能以及抑菌性能,实施例1、3和4组体现最为优异的综合性能。
3)动物止血实验
目的通过观察、评价含小檗碱止血微球对大鼠半截尾的创面止血效果。
方法将大鼠随机分为空白对照组(无止血材料)、无药对照组(实施例2)、两组阳性对照组(山东“瞬时”止血粉和标准纱布)、配比对照组和给药组,每组6只(♂),水合氯醛腹腔注射麻醉,将大鼠尾巴剪去1/2,使创面大小基本保持一致,立即将断尾创面伸入含有止血粉末的EP管,每隔一段时间观察创面出血情况。记录止血时间,并观察止血材料与创面的粘合情况。
结果与空白对照组、配比对照组、阳性对照组比较,用药组大鼠止血时间明显缩短,具有良好止血效果。
表2 可吸收抗菌止血微球在SD大鼠鼠尾半截切除模型上的止血试验(, n =6)
根据动物实验结果,从配比对照组与用药组(实施例1、3-4)的对比结果来看,将本发明15g海藻酸钠、5 g羧甲基壳聚糖、0.25 g胶原和0.1 g小檗碱制备成止血微球的结构,其产品最终形成微球结构对于提升产品性能具有明显协同作用,实施例4与配比对照组可以很好的体现了上述结果。
Claims (9)
1.一种含小檗碱的抗菌止血微球,包括海藻酸钠、羧甲基壳聚糖、胶原和小檗碱。
2.如权利要求1所述的含小檗碱的抗菌止血微球,其特征在于,所述的海藻酸钠、羧甲基壳聚糖、胶原和小檗碱的质量比为:1~5:0.1~1:0.05~0.5: 0.01~1。
3.如权利要求2所述的含小檗碱的抗菌止血微球,所述的羧甲基壳聚糖、海藻酸钠、胶原和小檗碱的质量比为:1~5:0.1~1:0.05~0.1:0.01~0.5。
4.如权利要求3所述的含小檗碱的抗菌止血微球,其特征在于,所述微球的平均粒径1-100 μm,优选1-60μm。
5.一种含小檗碱的抗菌止血微球的制备方法,其特征在于具体包括如下步骤:
(1)制备基质溶液:称取质量比为1~5:0.1~1:0.05~0.5: 0.01~1的海藻酸钠、羧甲基壳聚糖、胶原和小檗碱,加入10-100倍的蒸馏水,在水浴中加热至凝胶状水溶液;
(2)混合:将制备的基质溶液加入到含分散剂的乳化剂中,强力搅拌,分散剂与基质溶液的体积比或质量比,ml/ml或g/g为1~30:10,乳化剂与基质溶液的体积比或质量比ml/ml或g/g,为0.1~3: 10;
(3)乳化交联共聚:加入交联剂,交联剂与基质液的体积比或质量比,ml/ml或g/g为0.5~10: 10;反应时间为1~12小时,反应完毕后,停止搅拌,出料;
(4)粗制:料液分层后,倾出油相后加入洗涤剂或直接加入洗涤剂,反复洗涤;最后抽滤;
(5)干燥:将过滤后的微球粗样中加入稀释液,微球粗样与稀释液的质量体积比或质量比,g/ml或g/g,为1:100~2000,将湿样通过离心喷雾干燥和真空干燥;最后,密封包装,无菌处理。
6.如权利要求5所述的含小檗碱的抗菌止血微球的制备方法,其特征在于,羧甲基壳聚糖、海藻酸钠、胶原和小檗碱的质量比为:1~5:0.1~1:0.05~0.1:0.01~0.5。
7.如权利要求5所述的含小檗碱的抗菌止血微球的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(5)中所述稀释液为蒸馏水或5%的乙醇溶液。
8.如权利要求5-7所述的含小檗碱的抗菌止血微球的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(5)中干燥后获得的所述微球的平均粒径为1-100μm。
9.如权利要求1-4中任一项所述的含小檗碱的抗菌止血微球在制备止血材料中应用。
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