CN109568540A - 一种防治乌鳢脂肪肝的纯中草药饲料添加剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种防治乌鳢脂肪肝的纯中草药饲料添加剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN109568540A CN109568540A CN201811559838.9A CN201811559838A CN109568540A CN 109568540 A CN109568540 A CN 109568540A CN 201811559838 A CN201811559838 A CN 201811559838A CN 109568540 A CN109568540 A CN 109568540A
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- radix
- snakehead
- fatty liver
- rhizoma
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Abstract
一种防治乌鳢脂肪肝的纯中草药饲料添加剂及其制备方法，它的重量组分如下：茵陈50‑55份、柴胡20‑25份、虎杖40‑50份、郁金25‑30份、厚朴25‑30份、苍术50‑55份、白术30‑35份、丹参25‑30份、川芎25‑30份、赤芍25‑30份、泽泻45‑50份、决明子45‑50份、黄芪50‑55份、黄精25‑30份、黄连25‑30份、夏枯草20‑25份、陈皮50‑55份、枳壳25‑30份、黄芩30‑35份、五味子30‑35份、炙甘草20‑30份；本发明可以很好地治疗由过量投喂营养不均衡饲料和野杂鱼所导致的脂肪肝，临床疗效良好，治愈率高；成本低、制备容易，无毒副作用，且疗效显著。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于鱼病防治技术领域，具体涉及一种防治乌鳢脂肪肝的纯中草药饲料添加剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
乌鳢隶属于鲈形目、鳢科、鳢属，俗称黑鱼、乌鱼、财鱼、生鱼、黑鳢头等，是一种肉食性的名贵经济鱼类。 在自然环境里，乌鳢生命力和对环境的适应能力都很强。但随着乌鳢集约化养殖的发展，养殖过程中会因为水质环境恶化、饲料营养失衡、投饲强度过大、滥用各种药物等原因造成乌鳢脂肪肝、肝损伤及肝胆综合症的发生。一旦发生上述疾病，往往是大规模和全面性的，如不能及时治疗，往往导致乌鳢肝脏代谢、解毒功能大幅度减弱，同时细菌性、病毒性、营养代谢性疾病的发病率也随之提高，抗应激能力下降，死亡率大幅度上升，给养殖户造成巨大的经济损失。
乌鳢脂肪肝是指乌鳢肝脏内脂肪堆积过多的一种临床病症，医学上将脂肪肝诊断标准界定为:肝内脂肪蓄积超过肝湿重的5%-10%，或组织学上有30% 上的肝细胞变性。乌鳢脂肪肝发病过程，一般先是脂肪累积，然后脂肪浸润，肝细胞萎缩。剖检时可见肝脏肿大、颜色变黄或变白、质脆易碎，贫血，鱼体肚子大，体表鱗片松，易脱落。病鱼生长缓慢、抗病率低，易出现出血、肠炎、烂鳃、赤皮等症状的爆发。
发明内容
本发明目的是为解决乌鳢养殖过程中，脂肪肝、肝损伤发病率高，成活率低的问题，而提供一种防治乌鳢脂肪肝、肝损伤的纯中草药饲料添加剂及其制备方法。
一种防治乌鳢脂肪肝的纯中草药饲料添加剂，它的重量组分如下：
茵陈50-55份、柴胡20-25份、虎杖40-50份、郁金25-30份、厚朴25-30份、苍术50-55份、白术30-35份、丹参25-30份、川芎25-30份、赤芍25-30份、泽泻45-50份、决明子45-50份、黄芪50-55份、黄精25-30份、黄连25-30份、夏枯草20-25份、陈皮50-55份、枳壳25-30份、黄芩30-35份、五味子30-35份、炙甘草20-30份；
所述的茵陈50份、柴胡25份、虎杖40份、郁金30份、厚朴30份、苍术50份、白术30份、丹参25份、川芎25份、赤芍25份、泽泻45份、决明子45份、黄芪50份、黄精30份、黄连30份、夏枯草20份、陈皮50份、枳壳25份、黄芩35份、五味子35份、炙甘草30份；
所述的茵陈55份、柴胡25份、虎杖40份、郁金30份、厚朴30份、苍术50份、白术30份、丹参25份、川芎25份、赤芍30份、泽泻50份、决明子50份、黄芪55份、黄精30份、黄连25份、夏枯草25份、陈皮50份、枳壳30份、黄芩35份、五味子35份、炙甘草30份；
所述的茵陈50份、柴胡20份、虎杖40份、郁金25份、厚朴25份、苍术50份、白术35份、丹参30份、川芎30份、赤芍30份、泽泻45份、决明子50份、黄芪50份、黄精25份、黄连25份、夏枯草20份、陈皮50份、枳壳30份、黄芩35份、五味子35份、炙甘草20份。
一种防治乌鳢脂肪肝的纯中草药饲料添加剂的制备方法，它包括：
1）按所述一种防治乌鳢脂肪肝的纯中草药饲料添加剂的原料配比称取各组分，除杂质，洗涤，干燥；粉碎各组分，加入60~90%的酒精，没过药粉3~5cm，浸渍4~6d；过滤，收集滤液；将过滤后药渣，再加入相同体积60~90%的酒精，浸渍4~6d；过滤，收集滤液，合并两次滤液，浓缩，得1号药液；
2）按所述一种防治乌鳢脂肪肝的纯中草药饲料添加剂的原料配比称取各组分，除杂质，洗涤，干燥；粉碎各组分，加5~10倍重量的水浸泡30~60分钟，煎煮20~40分钟，过滤，收集滤液；药渣再加5~10倍重量的水煎煮20~40分钟；过滤，收集滤液，合并两次滤液，浓缩，得2号药液；
3）合并1号和2号药液，得到一种防治乌鳢脂肪肝的纯中草药饲料添加剂；
步骤1）中所述加入70%的酒精，浸渍5d，浸渍过程中振荡或搅拌；
步骤2）中所述加6倍重量的水，煎煮30分钟。
本发明提供了一种防治乌鳢脂肪肝的纯中草药饲料添加剂，它的重量组分如下：茵陈50-55份、柴胡20-25份、虎杖40-50、郁金25-30、厚朴25-30份、苍术50-55份、白术30-35份、丹参25-30份、川芎25-30份、赤芍25-30份、泽泻45-50份、决明子45-50份、黄芪50-55份、黄精25-30份、黄连25-30份、夏枯草20-25份、陈皮50-55份、枳壳25-30份、黄芩30-35份、五味子30-35份、炙甘草20-30份；制备方法为：按所述一种防治乌鳢脂肪肝的纯中草药饲料添加剂的原料配比称取各组分两份，除杂质，洗涤，干燥；粉碎，一份加入60~90%的酒精，浸渍，过滤，收集滤液，浓缩得1号药液；另一份加5~10倍重量的水浸泡，煎煮，过滤，浓缩得2号药液；合并1号和2号药液，得到中药添加剂；实验结果表明，AST、ALT、TG、CHO恢复正常，MDA、SOD、CAT亦恢复正常状态，表明本发明可以很好地治疗由过量投喂营养不均衡饲料和野杂鱼所导致的脂肪肝，临床疗效良好，治愈率高；成本低、制备容易，无毒副作用，且疗效显著。
具体实施方式
实施例1 一种防治乌鳢脂肪肝的纯中草药饲料添加剂
一种防治乌鳢脂肪肝的纯中草药饲料添加剂，它的重量组分为：茵陈50份、柴胡25份、虎杖40份、郁金30份、厚朴30份、苍术50份、白术30份、丹参25份、川芎25份、赤芍25份、泽泻45份、决明子45份、黄芪50份、黄精30份、黄连30份、夏枯草20份、陈皮50份、枳壳25份、黄芩35份、五味子35份、炙甘草30份。
实施例2 一种防治乌鳢脂肪肝的纯中草药饲料添加剂
一种防治乌鳢脂肪肝的纯中草药饲料添加剂，它的重量组分为：茵陈55份、柴胡25份、虎杖40份、郁金30份、厚朴30份、苍术50份、白术30份、丹参25份、川芎25份、赤芍30份、泽泻50份、决明子50份、黄芪55份、黄精30份、黄连25份、夏枯草25份、陈皮50份、枳壳30份、黄芩35份、五味子35份、炙甘草30份。
实施例3 一种防治乌鳢脂肪肝的纯中草药饲料添加剂
一种防治乌鳢脂肪肝的纯中草药饲料添加剂，它的重量组分为：茵陈50份、柴胡20份、虎杖40份、郁金25份、厚朴25份、苍术50份、白术35份、丹参30份、川芎30份、赤芍30份、泽泻45份、决明子50份、黄芪50份、黄精25份、黄连25份、夏枯草20份、陈皮50份、枳壳30份、黄芩35份、五味子35份、炙甘草20份。
实施例4 一种防治乌鳢脂肪肝的纯中草药饲料添加剂的制备方法
一种防治乌鳢脂肪肝的纯中草药饲料添加剂，是由下述方法制备：
1）按实施例1、2或3所述一种防治乌鳢脂肪肝的纯中草药饲料添加剂的原料配比称取各组份，去除杂质，用凉白开水迅速淘洗，沥干；然后将上述获得的原材料草药晒干，投入粉碎机粉碎成细粉；采用冷浸法的方式，先将粉碎的药物放入浸渍锅，加入浓度为70 %的酒精，酒精的添加量以没过药粉3 cm宜，盖好盖，浸渍5 d，在浸渍过程中，应经常振摇或搅拌，以加快浸出；然后取出浸渍液，过滤，并压榨药渣，将所得的压榨液与浸出液合并；将药渣再放入浸渍器中，再加入浓度为70 %的酒精，浸渍5 d，再次压榨药渣，将所得的压榨液与浸出液合并；将两次浸泡液混合在一起，再次过滤，浓缩并除去乙醇，得粘稠液体，即为1号药液，备用；
2）按实施例1、2或3所述一种防治乌鳢脂肪肝的纯中草药饲料添加剂的原料配比称取各组份，去除杂质，用凉白开水迅速淘洗，沥干；然后将上述获得的原材料草药晒干，投入粉碎机粉碎成细粉；将研磨好的细药粉加6倍重量的水浸泡40 min。放入煎煮锅内，煎煮30min，滤除去药渣，取滤液。将药渣又放入煎煮锅内，煎煮30 min，再次滤除去药渣，取滤液。将二次滤液合并，浓缩成粘稠状液体，既得2号药液；
3）将1号和2号药剂混合，粘稠度适中，即得一种防治乌鳢脂肪肝的纯中草药饲料添加剂。
实施例5 营养性脂肪肝治疗实验
一、脂肪肝模型建立
随机选出三组体重、大小均等的健康乌鳢，每组80尾，1组按体重的2.5%适量投喂适宜乌鳢营养需求的配合饲料，作为对照组；2、3组为实验组，2组饱食投喂高脂高糖配合饲料，3组饱食投喂野杂鱼；5w后测定相应指标判定是否发生脂肪肝；
测定指标：谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷草转氨酶（AST）、甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（CHO）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）以及总蛋白测定试剂盒均购自南京建成生物工程研究所。见表1和表2；
结果表明，AST、ALT、TG、CHO上升，肝脏MDA上升，而SOD、CAT下降，高脂高糖饲料损伤乌鳢肝脏，升高其血脂含量并降低肝脏的抗氧化能力。最终测定对照组没有脂肪肝，一组和二组都有脂肪肝；表明这两种情况已成功建立乌鳢营养性脂肪肝模型。
二、营养性脂肪肝的治疗
对上述各组，在对照组（1组）饲料中每100 kg乌鳢预混料（粉状料）中拌入1 kg本中药添加剂，搅拌均匀，制成适口的乌鳢药饵；将制备好的药饵投喂对发生脂肪肝的两组和对照组养殖乌鳢进行投喂，连用21 d；同样测定上述指标；结果见表3和表4。
结果显示，AST、ALT、TG、CHO恢复正常，MDA、SOD、CAT亦恢复正常状态，表明该该组合可以很好地治疗由过量投喂营养不均衡饲料和野杂鱼所导致的脂肪肝。
实施例6 生产验证
根据生产上普遍存在脂肪肝的实际情况，我们使用3个池塘养殖乌鳢进行试验，一塘乌鳢全程投喂配合饲料（正常投饲，不是过量投饲，在养殖上市前一个月不加药饵的为第一组，添加药饵的为第二组），一塘乌鳢前期投喂冰鲜杂鱼，中期投喂配合饲料，后期投喂配合饲料时补充野杂鱼绞碎拌料投喂（正常投饲，不是过量投饲，在养殖上市前一个月不加药饵的为第三组，添加药饵的为第四组），此两者都是生产中常见现象；上市前即投药饵21d 后，再等一周测定上述所有指标，检测脂肪肝的预防和治疗情况；
具体分组为：
1组：乌鳢全程正常投喂配合饲料105d；
2组：乌鳢正常投喂配合饲料至上市前21d，然后开始添加本发明制备的中药饲料添加剂投喂；
3组：乌鳢前期正常投喂冰鲜杂鱼，中期正常投喂配合饲料，后期正常投喂配合饲料时补充野杂鱼绞碎拌料；
4组：乌鳢前期正常投喂冰鲜杂鱼，中期正常投喂配合饲料，后期正常投喂配合饲料时补充野杂鱼绞碎拌料，至上市前21d，然后开始添加本发明制备的中药饲料添加剂投喂；
结果如表5、6所示；结果表明，常规配合饲料和冰鲜鱼投喂105天后出现不同程度的脂肪肝，而且还比较严重，但是通过上市前1个月投喂我们的中草药饲料添加剂，药效显著；发生脂肪肝病变，血中谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶、甘油三酯及胆固醇含量都显著升高，纯中草药饲料添加剂促进脂肪代谢，减少肝脏脂肪沉积，降脂效果较好，对脂肪肝的综合治疗效果较好，表现为减轻乌鳢肝损伤、促进组织修复，降低血脂浓度以及提高肝脏抗氧化能力等的药理作用；结果表明，用乌鳢脂肪肝的纯中草药饲料添加剂预防和治疗乌鳢脂肪肝。
采用本发明的制备方法制得的治疗乌鳢脂肪肝具有成本低、制备容易，无毒副作用、且疗效显著。为临床治疗该病提供了一种切实可行的新药。上述参照实施例对该防治乌鳢脂肪肝的纯中草药饲料添加剂及其制备方法进行的详细描述，是说明性的而不是限定性的，可按照所限定范围列举出若干个实施例，因此在不脱离本发明总体构思下的变化和修改，应属本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (7)
1.一种防治乌鳢脂肪肝的纯中草药饲料添加剂，它的重量组分如下：
茵陈50-55份、柴胡20-25份、虎杖40-50份、郁金25-30份、厚朴25-30份、苍术50-55份、白术30-35份、丹参25-30份、川芎25-30份、赤芍25-30份、泽泻45-50份、决明子45-50份、黄芪50-55份、黄精25-30份、黄连25-30份、夏枯草20-25份、陈皮50-55份、枳壳25-30份、黄芩30-35份、五味子30-35份、炙甘草20-30份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种防治乌鳢脂肪肝的纯中草药饲料添加剂，其特征在于：所述的茵陈50份、柴胡25份、虎杖40份、郁金30份、厚朴30份、苍术50份、白术30份、丹参25份、川芎25份、赤芍25份、泽泻45份、决明子45份、黄芪50份、黄精30份、黄连30份、夏枯草20份、陈皮50份、枳壳25份、黄芩35份、五味子35份、炙甘草30份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种防治乌鳢脂肪肝的纯中草药饲料添加剂，其特征在于：所述的茵陈55份、柴胡25份、虎杖40份、郁金30份、厚朴30份、苍术50份、白术30份、丹参25份、川芎25份、赤芍30份、泽泻50份、决明子50份、黄芪55份、黄精30份、黄连25份、夏枯草25份、陈皮50份、枳壳30份、黄芩35份、五味子35份、炙甘草30份。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种防治乌鳢脂肪肝的纯中草药饲料添加剂，其特征在于：所述的茵陈50份、柴胡20份、虎杖40份、郁金25份、厚朴25份、苍术50份、白术35份、丹参30份、川芎30份、赤芍30份、泽泻45份、决明子50份、黄芪50份、黄精25份、黄连25份、夏枯草20份、陈皮50份、枳壳30份、黄芩35份、五味子35份、炙甘草20份。
5.一种防治乌鳢脂肪肝的纯中草药饲料添加剂的制备方法，它包括：
1）按所述一种防治乌鳢脂肪肝的纯中草药饲料添加剂的原料配比称取各组分，除杂质，洗涤，干燥；粉碎各组分，加入60~90%的酒精，没过药粉3~5cm，浸渍4~6d；过滤，收集滤液；将过滤后药渣，再加入相同体积60~90%的酒精，浸渍4~6d；过滤，收集滤液，合并两次滤液，浓缩，得1号药液；
2）按所述一种防治乌鳢脂肪肝的纯中草药饲料添加剂的原料配比称取各组分，除杂质，洗涤，干燥；粉碎各组分，加5~10倍重量的水浸泡30~60分钟，煎煮20~40分钟，过滤，收集滤液；药渣再加5~10倍重量的水煎煮20~40分钟；过滤，收集滤液，合并两次滤液，浓缩，得2号药液；
3）合并1号和2号药液，得到一种防治乌鳢脂肪肝的纯中草药饲料添加剂。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种防治乌鳢脂肪肝的纯中草药饲料添加剂的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤1）中所述加入70%的酒精，浸渍5d，浸渍过程中振荡或搅拌。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种防治乌鳢脂肪肝的纯中草药饲料添加剂的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤2）中所述加6倍重量的水，煎煮30分钟。
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