CN109556563A - A kind of radial displacement measuring device of small-bore tunnel model test - Google Patents
A kind of radial displacement measuring device of small-bore tunnel model test Download PDFInfo
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- CN109556563A CN109556563A CN201910017195.3A CN201910017195A CN109556563A CN 109556563 A CN109556563 A CN 109556563A CN 201910017195 A CN201910017195 A CN 201910017195A CN 109556563 A CN109556563 A CN 109556563A
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- radial displacement
- small
- measurement
- displacement
- tunnel
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/32—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring the deformation in a solid
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/02—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M5/00—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings
- G01M5/0041—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by determining deflection or stress
- G01M5/005—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by determining deflection or stress by means of external apparatus, e.g. test benches or portable test systems
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of radial displacement measuring devices of small-bore tunnel model test, belong to geotechnical engineering field of measuring technique；The device is made of magnetic base, radial displacement meter and statical strain indicator；Pass through the relationship demarcated between the elastic measuring head end strain of cantilever structure and gauge head displacement, gauge head is protruded into small-bore tunnel inner wall and target measuring point carries out contact type measurement and obtains radial absolute displacement, the device rotates freely the measurement, it can be achieved that the arbitrarily circumferential Place object measuring point of tunnel inner wall by small diameter cylinders pedestal；By dismountable various sizes of elastic measuring head and elastic measuring head around the rotation of cylindrical seat U-shaped groove, it is suitable for the measurement of tunnel radial displacement in small-bore within the scope of certain diameter；The apparatus structure is simple, easy to operate, can directly acquire the absolute displacement of measuring point, is applied to the measurement of indoor model test small-bore tunnel radial displacement with can be convenient.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of radial displacement measuring devices of small-bore tunnel model test, belong to geotechnical engineering measurement skill
Art field.
Background technique
The great demand to the energy, traffic and subterranean resource expedited the emergence of, underground work are developed rapidly in response to national economy
The construction of journey constantly develops to deep.Incident therewith is a large amount of Deep-buried Long And Big tunnels (underground chamber, tunnel, tunnel) work
The construction of journey, for example, the Sichuan-Tibet railway built occur numerous buried depths greater than 1000 meters, length be more than 20 kilometers of ultra-deep bury it is super
Long tunnel.Under the Deep Conditions such as high-ground stress, the mechanical characteristic and engineering response of subterranean tunnel surrounding rock structure all show newly
Subject phenomenon and rule, traditionally descend engineering theory system when solving deep Problems of Underground Engineering, face huge challenge.
Therefore, deep rock mass mechanical characteristic and engineering response are systematically studied, establishes the new system gesture of deep rock mass theory of mechanics must
Row.
For the mechanical response and deformation behaviour problem of rock mass in subterranean tunnel digging process, both need deep and system
Theoretical research, it is also desirable to incorporation engineering practice and theoretical progress Eccentric Loads in Layered Soils and Research.Model test is to be with the theory of similarity
Basis is loaded by the model sample reduced to scale, is excavated and the operation such as supporting, to simulate the protolith of live tunnel
Stress state, excavation and supporting etc. obtain sample stress distribution and deformation displacement feature by relative monitoring apparatus, are that engineering is real
Offer reference is provided.
The preparation of model sample is the basis for carrying out indoor model test, recently as the more of model test sample preparation means
Sample is especially more and more applied in the production of model sample using 3D printing as the new technology of representative, model sample
Scale diversification is also presented.The feature for usually having scale small using the model sample that 3D printing technique makes, wherein being directed to
The model test of tunnel, model sample hole diameter size is often at Centimeter Level (2-4cm), and when carrying out correlation test,
The radial displacement to Wall Rock of Tunnel characteristic point is usually needed to be monitored, because the radial displacement of tunnel characteristic point is that country rock excavates
Or what is overloaded predicts, evaluates and controls main directly in response to amount, and single hole surrounding rock stability or more hole mid-board degrees of safety
One of according to.Therefore, monitoring obtains the radial displacement of model test small aperture tunnel to indoor small-scale model displacement measurement
It is proposed higher demand.
Currently, domestic as follows to the present Research of model test small aperture to displacement measurement:
(1) Shanxi architecture (2017, volume 43, the 4th phase) " GeoPIV image processing techniques and its in During Geotechnical Tests
Using " the non-contact measurement means based on particle image velocimetry method principle are used for in article the survey of side slope displacement of model experiment
Amount；But since tunnel model is in load test, it is easy to appear the phenomenon that surface layer is removed with inside, it is this to be based on digital picture
The non-contact surface measurement means of correlation method can only measure surface displacement, measure meeting when being applied to small-bore tunnel internal displacement
There is very big deviation, measurement result is caused to be distorted.
(2) Chinese patent Authorization Notice No. is CN102607396B, day for announcing 2015.04.15, entitled " one kind
Radial displacement transducer ", which disclose a kind of passive-type magneto-electric radial displacement transducers；But the device is only for survey
The radial displacement for measuring rotary part, it is not applicable to the static bearing test of tunnel model.
(3) Chinese patent application publication No. is CN108981535A, date of publication 2018.12.11, entitled " contact
Displacement measurement method and its measuring device " is amplified the movement travel of contact using lever principle this application discloses a kind of
It is transferred to the measuring device of lateral displacement output end；But since the structure snd size of device itself are excessive, aperture is not suitable for it
The radial displacement of diameter tunnel measures, while being difficult to adapt to the aperture measuring demand of different pore size range.
(4) Chinese patent Authorization Notice No. be CN102721399B, day for announcing 2015.01.28, it is entitled " adherent
Formula pit shaft radial displacement micrometer and its measurement method ", which disclose one kind to be fixed displacement sensor by A-frame
The device of radial displacement measurement is carried out in shaft in wall；But the device is oversized due to fixed device, it can not be in aperture
The inner wall of diameter tunnel carries out contact type measurement, while not also being suitable for the excessive situation of aperture internal modification.
(5) Chinese patent Authorization Notice No. is CN104501682B, day for announcing 2017.11.21, entitled " measurement
The device and method of bolt hole magnitude of misalignment ", which disclose one kind by one telescopic measuring rod of setting in pore inner wall
Measure the device of tubular body radial displacement；But it is unsuitable outer except the size of itself, which is only capable of obtaining the phase of hole wall
To displacement, the absolute displacement of hole wall particular measurement point can not be obtained.Due to the tunnel made using 3D printing as the new technology of representative
Models holes size is small compared with traditional sample preparation model, and for diameter dimension usually in Centimeter Level, current radial displacement measuring device is big
Mostly due to own dimensions, it is difficult effectively to measure the tunnel radial displacement of indoor model test small-bore, and is based on
The non-contact surface of loading by means of digital image correlation method principle, which is measured when monitoring aperture internal modification, has the limitations such as measurement distortion.
As it can be seen that it is also immature currently used for the radial displacement measurement inside the aperture in model test, while also lacking and surveying
Amount device can aperture displacement measurement to certain pore size range there is good adaptability and the big change of single aperture can be obtained
The radial displacement of shape.In addition, traditional mechanical means such as extensometer or pantograph can only obtain the relative displacement of hole wall radial direction, nothing
Method obtains the absolute displacement for being directed to a certain specific features point of small-bore tunnel.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above-mentioned problems, the present invention is intended to provide a kind of simply and accurately contact measuring apparatus, mating corresponding ruler
Very little accessory, implementation model test the measurement of small aperture tunnel radial displacement.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
A kind of radial displacement measuring device of small-bore tunnel model test, including magnetic base, radial displacement meter and quiet
State deformeter, radial displacement meter include round connecting rod, cylindrical seat and elastic measuring head, and elastic measuring head is by ring steel seat, spring steel
The symmetrical U-shaped groove of four circumferential directions, each U-shaped groove two sides inner wall is arranged in piece and gauge head composition, cylindrical seat one end
It is symmetrical arranged stainless steel semicircular protractor, spiral shell between ring steel seat and the U-shaped groove two sides stainless steel semicircular protractor of cylindrical seat
Bar connection, spring steel plate one end are fixedly connected with ring steel seat, and foil gauge is pasted on spring steel plate, and foil gauge, which is located at, to be fixedly connected
Side is held, spring steel plate free end is provided with gauge head, is threadedly coupled between gauge head and spring steel plate, cylindrical seat the other end face
It is provided at center along axial location hole, cylindrical seat is arranged circumferentially the perforation of two groups of orientation Symmetric Orthogonal distributions radially
Hole, through hole are located at the half of positioning hole length, and tie down screw, round connecting rod one end fixing sleeve are provided in through hole
A stainless steel wholecircle protractor is connect, ipsilateral end is loosely inserted into location hole, and the fixture on the other end and magnetic base connects
It connects, foil gauge is connect with statical strain indicator line.
The U-shaped groove of cylindrical seat is respectively arranged with rotational positioning bar.
The thickness range of spring steel plate is in 3mm to 5mm.
By adopting the above-described technical solution, indoor small-bore tunnel model test radial displacement may be implemented in the present invention
Measurement, mainly has the advantage that
(1) mode by using magnetic base that measuring device is fixed, enables it to flexible adaptation object to be measured point
There is stronger adaptability in spatial position to the alignment placement of tunnel model sample.
(2) it can be rotated freely around round connecting rod is connected by using cylindrical seat and pass through surrounding and tightly lock screw rod and be connected and fixed
Mode, it can be achieved that guaranteeing to measure to the measurement of small-bore tunnel circumferential direction arbitrary target measurement point radial direction absolute displacement and simultaneously
The stability of pedestal in journey.
(3) it is revolved by using detachable various sizes of elastic measuring head and elastic measuring head around the U-shaped groove of cylindrical seat
The mode turned is, it can be achieved that same pedestal adapts to the radial absolute displacement measurement of certain pore size range aperture.
(4) mode of gauge head will be separated on radial displacement meter immobilizing foundation by using cantilever structure in magnetic base,
The absolute displacement of each gauge head measuring target point can be obtained respectively while also adapting to the measurement demand of aperture large deformation.
(5) mode of down regulation is freely gone up by using gauge head, it can be achieved that squeeze contact to target measurement point, guarantees to connect
The stickiness of touch measurement overall process.
The present invention provides a kind of measuring device for the radial displacement of model test small-bore tunnel, which adapts to
Property it is strong, installation is simple, easy to operate, can be convenient the measurement of rapidly implementation model test small-bore tunnel radial displacement.
Detailed description of the invention:
Accompanying drawing 1 is the structural representation of the present invention.
Attached drawing 2 is operation schematic diagram of the invention.
Attached drawing 3 is the side view of Fig. 1.
Attached drawing 4 is the A-A view of Fig. 3.
Specific embodiment:
1, attached drawing 2, attached drawing 3 and attached drawing 4 with reference to the accompanying drawing, the present invention is further illustrated.
The radial displacement measuring device of small-bore tunnel model test is answered by magnetic base 1, radial displacement meter and static state
Become instrument 14 to be composed, radial displacement meter includes round connecting rod 3, cylindrical seat 6 and elastic measuring head, and elastic measuring head is by ring steel seat
8, spring steel plate 13 and gauge head 12 form；The symmetrical U-shaped groove of four circumferential directions, each U-shaped is arranged in 6 one end of cylindrical seat
Groove two sides inner wall is symmetrical arranged stainless steel semicircular protractor 10, ring steel seat 8 and cylindrical seat 6U connected in star two sides stainless steel
Screw rod 9 is carried out between semicircular protractor 10 to connect, applies rotational restraint, and rotational positioning bar, limitation annular is respectively set in U-shaped groove
The maximum rotation angle of steel seat 8 is 45 degree, and 13 one end of spring steel plate is fixedly connected with ring steel seat 8, pastes and answers on spring steel plate
Become piece 11, foil gauge 11 is half-bridge connection, and foil gauge 11 is located at fixed connection end side, and 13 free end of spring steel plate is provided with survey
First 12, it is threadedly coupled between gauge head 12 and spring steel plate 13；It is provided at 6 the other end face center of cylindrical seat and determines along axial
Position hole, cylindrical seat 6 are arranged circumferentially the through hole of two groups of orientation Symmetric Orthogonal distributions radially, and it is long that through hole is located at location hole
Tie down screw 7 is provided at the half of degree, in through hole, round 3 one end of connecting rod is fixedly attached a stainless steel wholecircle amount
Angle device 5 quantitative determines the rotation of cylindrical seat 6, and ipsilateral end is loosely inserted into location hole, in magnetic base 1
Mobile jib socket screw rod knob 2 is fixedly clamped, and a collet 4 is fixedly connected with below mobile jib, and round 3 other end one end of connecting rod passes through folder
First 4 clamping is firm；Statical strain indicator 14 is connected with the direct line of foil gauge 11, acquires end strain data, data processing computer
15 are connected with statical strain indicator 14, obtain and handle strain data；9 connection constraints of screw rod are released, ring steel seat 8 can be around screw rod 9
Rotation, rotation angle can be quantitative determined by two groups of two sides stainless steel semicircular protractor 10, and the opening radius of spring steel plate 13 is with rotation
Turn to change, realize to the flexible adaptation of target measurement hole diameter, the cheese head screw of gauge head 12 can along 13 screw hole of spring steel plate up and down from
By adjusting, when so that gauge head 12 and target measuring point contacting, the slight pre-bending of spring steel plate 13 applies counter-force, realizes pre- with target measuring point
Press contacts guarantee the stickiness of measurement overall process gauge head and measuring point, the diameter for the small-bore tunnel model that this measuring device adapts to
Range is 2-10cm.
A kind of measuring device of model test small-bore tunnel radial displacement of the present invention is specifically used to be followed these steps to carry out:
(1) the one group spring steel plate specifically used to measurement is demarcated, and has gauge head displacement ω and end by geometrical relationship
Relationship between strain stress may be expressed as:Wherein L is the length of the thickness portions such as spring steel plate, and W is spring steel
The width of piece uniform thickness partial cross section, H are the height of spring steel plate uniform thickness partial cross section, and α is the correction factor of spring steel plate measurement, with bullet
The length-width ratio of the thickness portions such as spring steel disc is related.It records the elastic modulus E of every piece of spring steel plate and waits the long L of thickness portions, width W
With high H and input data handles computer 15, carries out ω to spring steel plate1=1mm, ω2=2mm, ω3=3mm, ω4=4mm
And ω5Five groups of calibration of=5mm, and record corresponding end strain stress1、ε2、ε3、ε4And ε5, import data processing computer 15
Correction factor α is obtained by linear fit.
(2) according to the spatial position of model sample tunnel, magnetic base 1 is fixed on to the side of corresponding height loading apparatus
Wall connects mobile jib, clamps round connecting rod 3, and carry out horizontal alignment using stainless steel wholecircle protractor 10.
(3) by the location hole of round connecting rod 3 insertion 6 end face center of cylindrical seat, and water is carried out by surrounding tie down screw
Flat calibration carries out holding screw connection using tight lock screw rod, applies according to target point position rotating cylindrical pedestal to suitable position
Addition of constraints reads cylindrical seat 6 by stainless steel wholecircle protractor 10 and rotates angle beta, and input data handles computer 15, then mesh
The radial displacement of mapping point can be broken down into horizontal displacement ωx=ω sin β and vertical displacement ωy=ω cos β output.
(4) elastic measuring head is passed through to screw rod one by one to be connected and installed in the U-shaped groove of cylindrical seat 6, according to target gaging hole
Pore size, release screw rod constraint, rotary annular steel seat 8, range estimation so that spring steel plate opening radius slightly larger than target survey
The pore size in hole, since U-shaped groove is respectively arranged with rotational positioning bar, the maximum rotation angle of ring steel seat 8 is 45 degree, Gu
Annular steel seat 8, for arbitrarily rotating angle γ, there is radial displacementPass through two sides
Stainless steel semicircular protractor 10 reads the angle γ of each autorotation1、γ2、γ3And γ4, and input data handles computer 15.
(5) it by screwing the position of adjustment gauge head 12, is contacted with target measuring point, so that the slight pre-bending of spring steel plate 13, is applied
Add counter-force to guarantee the cheese head screw of gauge head 12 and the squeeze contact of measuring point, precomputation, calibration measurement starting are carried out by computer
Point.
(6) small-bore tunnel model sample is loaded using relevant device, acquisition is elastic in real time for statical strain indicator 14
Gauge head end strain data is transmitted to data processing computer 15, calculates in real time and exports each measuring point radial displacement.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of radial displacement measuring device of small-bore tunnel model test, including magnetic base (1), radial displacement meter and quiet
State deformeter (14), it is characterised in that: the radial displacement meter includes round connecting rod (3), cylindrical seat (6) and elastic measuring head,
The elastic measuring head is made of ring steel seat (8), spring steel plate (13) and gauge head (12)；
The symmetrical U-shaped groove of four circumferential directions, each U-shaped groove two sides inner wall pair is arranged in described cylindrical seat (6) one end
Claim setting stainless steel semicircular protractor (10), ring steel seat (8) and cylindrical seat (6) U-shaped groove two sides stainless steel semicircle angulation
Screw rod (9) connects between device (10), and spring steel plate (13) one end is fixedly connected with ring steel seat (8), pastes and answers on spring steel plate
Become piece (11), foil gauge (11) is located at fixed connection end side, and spring steel plate (13) free end is provided with gauge head (12), gauge head
(12) it is threadedly coupled between spring steel plate (13)；
It is provided at cylindrical seat (6) the other end face center along axial location hole, cylindrical seat (6) has been arranged circumferentially
The through hole of two groups of orientation Symmetric Orthogonal distributions radially, through hole is located at the half of positioning hole length, in through hole
It is provided with tie down screw (7), round connecting rod (3) one end is fixedly attached a stainless steel wholecircle protractor (5), ipsilateral end activity
Ground is inserted into location hole, and the other end is connect with the fixture in magnetic base, the foil gauge (11) and statical strain indicator (14) line
Connection.
2. a kind of as described in claim 1, radial displacement measuring device of small-bore tunnel model test, it is characterised in that:
The U-shaped groove of the cylindrical seat (6) is respectively arranged with rotational positioning bar.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910017195.3A CN109556563B (en) | 2019-01-08 | 2019-01-08 | Radial displacement measuring device for small-aperture tunnel model test |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910017195.3A CN109556563B (en) | 2019-01-08 | 2019-01-08 | Radial displacement measuring device for small-aperture tunnel model test |
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| CN109556563A true CN109556563A (en) | 2019-04-02 |
| CN109556563B CN109556563B (en) | 2020-05-19 |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113983916A (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2022-01-28 | 安徽建筑大学 | Tunnel deformation testing device |
| CN114278309A (en) * | 2021-12-06 | 2022-04-05 | 绍兴文理学院 | Tunnel position adjusting and positioning device in tunnel physical model |
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| JPS6247529A (en) * | 1985-08-27 | 1987-03-02 | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd | Shape detector |
| AU7616787A (en) * | 1986-07-29 | 1988-02-04 | Unisearch Limited | Optical strain gauge |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113983916A (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2022-01-28 | 安徽建筑大学 | Tunnel deformation testing device |
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| CN114278309A (en) * | 2021-12-06 | 2022-04-05 | 绍兴文理学院 | Tunnel position adjusting and positioning device in tunnel physical model |
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|---|---|
| CN109556563B (en) | 2020-05-19 |
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