CN109550570B

CN109550570B - Waste concrete crushing device

Info

Publication number: CN109550570B
Application number: CN201811383440.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 谷新保; 黄华; 祝云华; 吴启红
Original assignee: Sichuan University of Science and Engineering
Current assignee: Sichuan University of Science and Engineering
Priority date: 2018-11-20
Filing date: 2018-11-20
Publication date: 2020-12-15
Anticipated expiration: 2038-11-20
Also published as: CN109550570A

Abstract

The invention discloses a waste concrete crushing device which comprises a block crushing mechanism, a material conveying mechanism and a crushing device, wherein the block crushing mechanism comprises a supporting table and a crushing box fixed on the supporting table, and a top plate of the crushing box is provided with a lump material inlet; a hydraulic lifting cylinder is fixed on the inner surface of the top plate, a piston rod of the hydraulic lifting cylinder extends out of the top plate, a transverse plate is fixed on the hydraulic lifting cylinder, and two ends of the transverse plate are fixedly connected with the breaking hammer through a connecting rod extending into the breaking box; a holding tank for the material conveying mechanism to extend into is arranged on the supporting table below the discharge port; the crushing device comprises a crushing mechanism arranged in the crushing cavity and a coarse aggregate storage box communicated with the crushing cavity through a screen plate, the crushing cavity is connected with the cyclone dust collector through a pipeline, and a filter screen with the aperture of 0.2mm is arranged at the inlet side of the pipeline; the discharge end of the cyclone dust collector is communicated with the powder storage box.

Description

Waste concrete crushing device

Technical Field

The invention relates to a crushing device in the building industry, in particular to a waste concrete crushing device.

Background

At present, with the development of science and technology, the fields of construction and the like are rapidly developed, a large amount of construction waste is generated after a concrete building is dismantled, a large part of the construction waste is concrete, and waste concrete is often crushed in order to save resources and recycle the concrete waste. Because current reducing mechanism is because of its structural design is unreasonable scheduling problem, appears smashing the incomplete condition easily at crushing in-process, and ware work efficiency is poor, and the earth after smashing can only be regarded as being used for making the environmental protection brick, retrieves application range and has great limitation.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above-mentioned disadvantages in the prior art, the present invention provides a waste concrete crushing apparatus capable of crushing concrete to a smaller particle size.

In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:

the waste concrete crushing device comprises a block crushing mechanism, a material conveying mechanism and a crushing device, wherein the block crushing mechanism comprises a supporting table and a crushing box fixed on the supporting table, a lump material inlet is formed in a top plate of the crushing box, a sealing plate with one side extending out of the lump material inlet is installed at the bottom of the lump material inlet, a metal detector in contact with a bottom plate of the crushing box is fixed in the supporting table, and the sealing plate positioned outside the lump material inlet is connected with a hydraulic cylinder through a connecting block;

a material guide plate which obliquely extends to the bottom plate of the crushing box is connected to the top plate at the position of the lump material inlet; a hydraulic lifting cylinder is fixed on the inner surface of the top plate, a piston rod of the hydraulic lifting cylinder extends out of the top plate, a transverse plate is fixed on the hydraulic lifting cylinder, and two ends of the transverse plate are fixedly connected with the breaking hammer through a connecting rod extending into the breaking box; the bottom plate is not connected with the side wall of the crushing box, one end of the bottom plate, which is positioned at the side of the discharging port, is hinged on the supporting table, and the other end of the bottom plate is fixed on an electric rod of the electric telescopic rod;

the electric telescopic rod is fixed in an accommodating cavity formed in the supporting table, and an accommodating groove into which the material conveying mechanism extends is formed in the supporting table below the discharge port; the driving rollers at the two ends of the material conveying mechanism are respectively and movably arranged in the material inlet at the top end of the crushing device and in the accommodating tank, and the driving rollers in the accommodating tank are connected with the motor; flanges are arranged on the edges of two sides of a transmission belt of the transmission mechanism, and a plurality of stop blocks arranged along the width direction of the transmission belt are arranged on the transmission belt at equal intervals;

the crushing device comprises a crushing mechanism arranged in the crushing cavity and a coarse aggregate storage box communicated with the crushing cavity through a screen plate, the crushing cavity is connected with the cyclone dust collector through a pipeline, and a filter screen with the aperture of 0.2mm is arranged at the inlet side of the pipeline; the discharge end of the cyclone dust collector is communicated with the powder storage box; the hydraulic cylinder, the hydraulic lifting cylinder, the electric telescopic rod, the metal detector, the crushing mechanism, the motor and the cyclone dust collector are all connected with the controller.

Furthermore, the crushing cavity comprises a coarse crushing cavity, an extrusion crushing cavity and a fine crushing cavity which are divided by a mesh plate arranged from top to bottom, and a coarse crushing mechanism, an extrusion crushing mechanism and a fine crushing mechanism are respectively arranged in the coarse crushing cavity, the extrusion crushing cavity and the fine crushing cavity; the aperture of the screen plate is gradually reduced from top to bottom, and the aperture of the screen plate at the lowermost layer is 5 mm; the coarse powder mechanism, the extrusion crushing mechanism and the fine crushing mechanism are all connected with a controller.

Furthermore, the guide plate comprises a fixed guide plate arranged on the top plate and a movable guide plate which is connected with the fixed guide plate through a hinge and can rotate towards the direction of the breaking hammer, and the lower surface of the movable guide plate is in contact with the bottom plate.

Furthermore, the coarse crushing mechanism comprises two rows of crushing rollers which are arranged on the side wall of the coarse crushing cavity through bearings, and each row of crushing rollers consists of two crushing rollers; the crushing rollers are provided with triangular crushing blades, and the crushing blades on two adjacent crushing rollers mutually extend into a gap formed by the crushing blades of the other crushing roller; the two crushing rollers positioned in the same column are connected with the same first motor through a conveyor belt;

the extrusion crushing mechanism comprises two rows of extrusion rollers which are arranged on the side wall of the extrusion crushing cavity through bearings, each row of extrusion rollers consists of two extrusion rollers, the gap between the upper row of extrusion rollers is larger than the gap between the lower row of extrusion rollers, and the gap between the lower row of extrusion rollers is equal to 10 mm; the extrusion rollers in the same row are connected with the same second motor through a transmission belt;

the fine crushing mechanism comprises a third motor which is arranged in the coarse aggregate storage box through a base, an output shaft of the third motor extends into the fine crushing cavity, and a crushing cutter with the diameter gradually increased from top to bottom is arranged on the output shaft in the fine crushing cavity; the first motor, the second motor and the third motor are all connected with the controller.

Furthermore, the reinforcing block that is connected with the hydraulic lift jar is installed to the lateral wall of broken case, offers the through-hole that supplies the connecting rod to pass on the reinforcing block, and the lower surface of reinforcing block is pasted and is had the blotter.

Furthermore, the material inlet and the material conveying mechanism are uniformly distributed in the dust-proof box, and a transparent door plate is arranged at the position, close to the material outlet, of the dust-proof box.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: in the scheme, in the process of crushing concrete, the concrete is detected through a metal detector, and a metal device is placed into a crushing device to damage a blade in the crushing device; after being thrown into a crushing box and crushed into small blocks, the concrete can be directly used as a base material for paving a road surface without crushing.

The concrete crushed into small blocks is sent into a crushing box for multi-stage crushing, concrete powder sucked out by wind can be used as a raw material of cement, and particles with larger particle size entering a coarse aggregate storage box can be used for preparing environment-friendly bricks; concrete particles with different particle sizes can be obtained through multi-stage crushing, the use places of recycled waste concrete are increased, and therefore the economic value of the waste concrete is improved.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a waste concrete crushing apparatus.

Fig. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion a in fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the opened door panel hinged at the discharge port of the block crushing mechanism.

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the crushing apparatus.

Wherein, 1, a block crushing mechanism; 11. a support table; 111. a metal detector; 112. an accommodating chamber; 113. accommodating grooves; 12. a crushing box; 121. a top plate; 122. a lump material inlet; 123. closing the plate; 124. a base plate; 125. connecting blocks; 126. a hydraulic cylinder; 127. a discharge port; 13. a material guide plate; 131. fixing a guide plate; 132. a movable guide plate; 14. a hydraulic lift cylinder; 141. a transverse plate; 142. a connecting rod; 143. a breaking hammer; 15. an electric telescopic rod; 16. a reinforcing block; 161. a cushion pad;

2. a material conveying mechanism; 21. a transfer belt; 211. a stopper; 22. a driving roller; 3. a crushing device; 31. a coarse aggregate holding bin; 32. a coarse crushing cavity; 321. a crushing roller; 322. a first motor; 323. a conveyor belt; 324. a crushing blade; 33. extruding the crushing chamber; 331. a squeeze roll; 332. a second motor; 34. a fine crushing cavity; 341. a base; 342. a third motor; 343. a crushing knife; 35. a screen plate; 4. a cyclone dust collector; 41. a pipeline; 42. a filter screen; 5. a powder storage bin; 6. dust-proof box.

Detailed Description

The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided to facilitate the understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, but it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined and defined in the appended claims, and all matters produced by the invention using the inventive concept are protected.

Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 shows a schematic structural view of a used concrete crushing apparatus; as shown in fig. 1, the apparatus includes a lump crushing mechanism 1, a material conveying mechanism 2, and a crushing apparatus 3; as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the block crushing mechanism 1 includes a support table 11 and a crushing box 12 fixed on the support table 11, a lump material inlet 122 is opened on a top plate 121 of the crushing box 12, a sealing plate 123 having one side extending out of the lump material inlet 122 is installed at the bottom of the lump material inlet 122, a metal detector 111 contacting with a bottom plate 124 of the crushing box 12 is fixed in the support table 11, and the sealing plate 123 located outside the lump material inlet 122 is connected with a hydraulic cylinder 126 through a connecting block 125.

A guide plate 13 obliquely extending to a bottom plate 124 of the crushing box 12 is connected to the top plate 121 at which the lump material inlet 122 is positioned; the hydraulic lifting cylinder 14 is fixed on the inner surface of the top plate 121, the piston rod of the hydraulic lifting cylinder 14 extends out of the top plate 121, and a transverse plate 141 is fixed on the hydraulic lifting cylinder 14, two ends of the transverse plate 141 are fixedly connected with the breaking hammer 143 through a connecting rod 142 extending into the breaking box 12, and the top plate and the connecting rod 142 are in clearance fit, so that the connecting rod 142 can be ensured to move relative to the top plate 121.

In implementation, the sidewall of the crushing box 12 is preferably provided with a reinforcing block 16 connected with the hydraulic lift cylinder 14, the reinforcing block 16 is provided with a through hole for the connecting rod 142 to pass through, and the lower surface of the reinforcing block 16 is adhered with a cushion pad 161.

The reinforcing blocks 16 can provide a certain supporting force for the hydraulic lifting cylinder 14, so that the working stability of the hydraulic lifting cylinder 14 is ensured; the cushion 161 provided on the reinforcing block 16 prevents the reinforcing block 16 from being damaged by the excessive movement of the breaking hammer 143.

The bottom plate 124 is not connected with the side wall of the crushing box 12, one end of the bottom plate 124, which is positioned at the discharge port 127 side, is hinged on the supporting platform 11, the other end of the bottom plate is fixed on the electric rod of the electric telescopic rod 5, and the connection mode of the bottom plate 124 can facilitate the realization of inclined discharge.

The working principle of the lump-breaker mechanism 1 is explained below:

the hydraulic cylinder 126 is started, the hydraulic cylinder 126 carries the sealing plate 123 to move towards the outside of the lump material inlet 122 so as to communicate the lump material inlet 122 with the crushing box 12, then large pieces of concrete are poured into the lump material inlet 122, and the concrete moves to the crushing hammer 143 along the guide plate 13; the hydraulic cylinder 126 and the hydraulic lift cylinder 14 are actuated, and the hydraulic cylinder 126 returns with the sealing plate 123 to avoid the influence of excessive concrete pouring on the crushing effect.

The hydraulic lifting cylinder 14 drives the breaking hammer 143 to reciprocate to strike the concrete, the concrete is broken into a small structure, whether metal products such as reinforcing steel bars exist in the concrete or not is detected through the metal detector 111 in the breaking process, and if the metal products exist, a worker is reminded of checking the material conveying mechanism 2 at the discharge port 127 after discharging.

After the crushing is completed, the electric telescopic rod 5 is opened, the bottom plate 124 is inclined through the extension of the electric telescopic rod 5, and the crushed concrete falls onto the material conveying mechanism 2 along the inclined bottom plate 124.

This scheme sets up metal detector 111 on supporting bench 11 of broken mechanism, and its main objective is, and the concrete is hitting many times through quartering hammer 143, and along with the breakage of concrete, metal product such as reinforcing bar, iron wire that are arranged in the concrete can expose, and the workman personnel can investigate the metal product who exposes fast behind output discharge gate 127 like this little concrete.

In this embodiment, the guide plate 13 preferably includes a fixed guide plate 131 mounted on the top plate 121 and a movable guide plate 132 connected to the fixed guide plate 131 by a hinge and rotatable toward the crushing hammer 143, and a lower surface of the movable guide plate 132 contacts the bottom plate 121.

After the material guide plate 13 adopts the above structure, when the material is discharged, the electric telescopic rod 5 drives the bottom plate 124 to move upwards, an upward force is applied to the movable guide plate 132, so that the movable connection part of the movable guide plate 132 relative to the fixed guide plate 131 rotates towards the direction of the breaking hammer 143, and the lower surface of the movable guide plate 132 moves along the bottom plate 124 in the rotating process, so that the material pushing effect can be achieved, and the material can be discharged quickly.

Referring to fig. 1 again, the electric telescopic rod 5 is fixed in the accommodating cavity 112 formed on the support platform 11, and an accommodating groove 113 into which the material conveying mechanism 2 extends is formed on the support platform 11 below the discharge port 127; the setting of holding tank 113 can hold partial material transfer mechanism 2 to guarantee that the fritter concrete is toppled over to material transfer mechanism 2 accurately on, broken mechanism can start material transfer machine slow motion when the ejection of compact, piles up in material transfer machine same position with avoiding massive structure.

The driving rollers 22 at the two ends of the material conveying mechanism 2 are respectively and movably arranged in the material inlet at the top end of the crushing device 3 and in the accommodating groove 113, and the driving rollers 22 in the accommodating groove 113 are connected with the motor; both side edges of the conveying belt 21 of the conveying mechanism are provided with flanges, and a plurality of stoppers 211 arranged in the width direction thereof are mounted on the conveying belt 21 at equal intervals.

Due to the arrangement of the flanges, the effect of blocking small concrete blocks on the transmission belt 21 can be achieved, and the small concrete blocks are prevented from falling off the transmission belt 21; the stop 211 is arranged so that the conveyor belt 21 slides down the incline causing normal transport of the material as it moves obliquely upwards with the small concrete pieces.

As shown in fig. 4, the crushing device 3 comprises a crushing mechanism arranged in the crushing cavity and a coarse aggregate storage box 31 communicated with the crushing cavity through a screen 35, the crushing cavity is connected with the cyclone dust collector 4 through a pipeline 41, a filter screen 42 with the aperture of 0.2mm is arranged on the inlet side of the pipeline 41, the inlet side of the pipeline is preferably in a horn shape, and the discharge end of the cyclone dust collector 4 is communicated with the powder storage box 5; the hydraulic cylinder 126, the hydraulic lifting cylinder 14, the electric telescopic rod 5, the metal detector 111, the crushing mechanism, the motor and the cyclone dust collector 4 are all connected with a controller.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the pulverizing chamber includes a coarse pulverizing chamber 32, an extrusion pulverizing chamber 33 and a fine pulverizing chamber 34 which are divided by a mesh plate 35 arranged from top to bottom, and a coarse pulverizing mechanism, an extrusion pulverizing mechanism and a fine pulverizing mechanism are respectively arranged in the coarse pulverizing chamber 32, the extrusion pulverizing chamber 33 and the fine pulverizing chamber 34; the aperture of the screen plate 35 is gradually reduced from top to bottom, and the aperture of the screen plate 35 at the lowest layer is 5 mm; the coarse powder mechanism, the extrusion crushing mechanism and the fine crushing mechanism are all connected with a controller.

The crushing device 3 can crush small concrete into powder and particles with small particle size through multi-stage crushing, and the concrete powder with small particle size can be sucked out and stored through the adsorption effect of the cyclone dust collector 4 to be used as a cement preparation raw material; the coarse aggregate storage box 31 can be used as an environment-friendly brick raw material with larger grain size.

As shown in fig. 4, the coarse crushing mechanism includes two rows of crushing rollers 321 mounted on the side walls of the coarse crushing chamber 32 through bearings, and each row of crushing rollers 321 is composed of two crushing rollers 321; the crushing rollers 321 are provided with triangular crushing blades 343, and the crushing blades 343 on two adjacent crushing rollers 321 mutually extend into a gap formed by the crushing blades 343 of the other crushing roller 321; the two crushing rollers 321 positioned in the same column are connected with the same first motor 322 through a conveyor 323;

the extrusion crushing mechanism comprises two rows of extrusion rollers 331 which are arranged on the side wall of the extrusion crushing cavity 33 through bearings, each row of extrusion rollers 331 consists of two extrusion rollers 331, the gap between the upper row of extrusion rollers 331 is larger than the gap between the lower row of extrusion rollers 331, and the gap between the lower row of extrusion rollers 331 is equal to 10 mm; the squeezing rollers 331 in the same row are connected to the same second motor 332 via a conveyor belt;

the fine crushing mechanism comprises a third motor 342 which is arranged in the coarse aggregate storage box 31 through a base 431, the output shaft of the third motor 342 extends into the fine crushing cavity 34, and a crushing cutter 343 the diameter of which is gradually increased from top to bottom is arranged on the output shaft in the fine crushing cavity 34; the first motor 322, the second motor 332, and the third motor 342 are all connected to the controller.

The pulverizing principle of the coarse pulverizing mechanism is explained as follows:

the small concrete blocks enter the coarse crushing cavity 32 under the transmission action of the material conveying mechanism 2, and are crushed under the action of the four crushing rollers 321, and due to the unique arrangement of the crushing rollers 321 and the crushing blades 343, dead-angle-free crushing of the concrete can be realized; after the crushing, the material smaller than the aperture of the mesh plate 35 in the coarse crushing cavity 32 enters the fine crushing cavity 34, and the rest is continuously crushed.

The material entering the extrusion crushing cavity 33 is gradually crushed into particles or powder under the extrusion action of the two extrusion rollers 331, fine powder enters the powder storage box 5 under the air suction action of the cyclone dust collector 4, the particle material enters the fine crushing cavity 34 to be continuously crushed, the fine powder is sucked away by the cyclone dust collector 4, the material reaching the particle size of the screen plate 35 of the powder storage box 5 enters the coarse aggregate storage box 31 to be stored, and the rest is continuously crushed.

During the implementation, the preferred material import of this scheme and material transport mechanism 2 equipartition are arranged in dust proof box 6, and dust proof box 6 is close to discharge gate 127 department and installs transparent door plant. The dust-proof box 6 is arranged, so that the crushing, smashing and other actions of the scheme can be realized in a closed cavity, and the dust flying and environmental pollution are avoided. After the transparent door panel is arranged, the discharging condition of the crushing box 12 can be observed by a worker, and the metal product exposed in the massive concrete can be taken out by the worker conveniently.

In conclusion, the scheme can realize full-automatic crushing and smashing of waste concrete, and materials subjected to crushing and multi-stage crushing can be used in various places, so that the recycling value of concrete is improved.

Claims

1. The waste concrete crushing device is characterized by comprising a block crushing mechanism, a material conveying mechanism and a crushing device, wherein the block crushing mechanism comprises a supporting table and a crushing box fixed on the supporting table, a lump material inlet is formed in a top plate of the crushing box, a sealing plate with one side extending out of the lump material inlet is installed at the bottom of the lump material inlet, a metal detector in contact with a bottom plate of the crushing box is fixed in the supporting table, and the sealing plate positioned outside the lump material inlet is connected with a hydraulic cylinder through a connecting block;

a material guide plate obliquely extending to the bottom plate of the crushing box is connected to the top plate at the position of the lump material inlet; the guide plate comprises a fixed guide plate arranged on the top plate and a movable guide plate which is connected with the fixed guide plate through a hinge and can rotate towards the direction of the breaking hammer, and the lower surface of the movable guide plate is in contact with the bottom plate;

a hydraulic lifting cylinder is fixed on the inner surface of the top plate, a piston rod of the hydraulic lifting cylinder extends out of the top plate, a transverse plate is fixed on the hydraulic lifting cylinder, and two ends of the transverse plate are fixedly connected with the breaking hammer through a connecting rod extending into the breaking box; the bottom plate is not connected with the side wall of the crushing box, one end of the bottom plate, which is positioned at the side of the discharge port, is hinged on the support table, and the other end of the bottom plate is fixed on an electric rod of the electric telescopic rod;

the electric telescopic rod is fixed in an accommodating cavity formed in the support table, and an accommodating groove into which the material conveying mechanism extends is formed in the support table below the discharge port; the driving rollers at the two ends of the material conveying mechanism are respectively and movably arranged in the material inlet at the top end of the crushing device and in the accommodating tank, and the driving rollers in the accommodating tank are connected with the motor; flanges are arranged on the edges of two sides of a conveying belt of the material conveying mechanism, and a plurality of stop blocks arranged along the width direction of the conveying belt are arranged on the conveying belt at equal intervals;

the crushing device comprises a crushing mechanism arranged in a crushing cavity and a coarse aggregate storage box communicated with the crushing cavity through a screen plate, the crushing cavity is connected with the cyclone dust collector through a pipeline, and a filter screen with the aperture of 0.2mm is arranged on the inlet side of the pipeline; the discharge end of the cyclone dust collector is communicated with the powder storage box; the hydraulic cylinder, the hydraulic lifting cylinder, the electric telescopic rod, the metal detector, the crushing mechanism, the motor and the cyclone dust collector are all connected with the controller.

2. The waste concrete crushing device according to claim 1, wherein the crushing chamber comprises a coarse crushing chamber, an extrusion crushing chamber and a fine crushing chamber which are divided by a mesh plate arranged from top to bottom, and the coarse crushing chamber, the extrusion crushing chamber and the fine crushing chamber are respectively provided with a coarse crushing mechanism, an extrusion crushing mechanism and a fine crushing mechanism; the aperture of all the screen plates of the crushing device is gradually reduced from top to bottom, and the aperture of the screen plate at the lowermost layer of the crushing device is 5 mm; the coarse crushing mechanism, the extrusion crushing mechanism and the fine crushing mechanism are all connected with a controller.

3. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the coarse crushing mechanism comprises two rows of crushing rollers mounted on the side wall of the coarse crushing chamber through bearings, each row of crushing rollers consisting of two crushing rollers; the crushing rollers are provided with triangular crushing blades, the crushing blades on two adjacent crushing rollers extend mutually, and the crushing blade of one crushing roller extends into a gap formed by the crushing blade of the other crushing roller; the two crushing rollers positioned in the same column are connected with the same first motor through a conveyor belt;

4. The apparatus for crushing waste concrete according to claim 1, wherein a reinforcing block connected to the hydraulic lift cylinder is installed on a side wall of the crushing box, the reinforcing block is provided with a through hole for a connecting rod to pass through, and a cushion pad is adhered to a lower surface of the reinforcing block.

5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the material inlet and the material transfer mechanism are both disposed in a dust-proof box, and a transparent door panel is installed in the dust-proof box adjacent to the discharge port.