CN1095494C

CN1095494C - Coal powder gasifying fluid bed equipoment and technological process

Info

Publication number: CN1095494C
Application number: CN00122983A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 洪敦焕
Original assignee: FUSHUN ENDE MACHINERY Co Ltd
Current assignee: LIAONING ENDE ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION CO., LTD.
Priority date: 2000-09-11
Filing date: 2000-09-11
Publication date: 2002-12-04
Anticipated expiration: 2020-09-11
Also published as: CN1299859A

Abstract

The present invention discloses a fluidized bed coal powder gasifying device and a technological production process thereof. The present invention is characterized in that a fluidized bed coal powder gas generating furnace with upper-lower gasifying agent nozzles and without grates so that coal powder in the furnace chamber forms vortexes to have good gasifying effect and boiling gasifying conditions can be improved due to no grates so as to have large gas production and convenient dust discharge. Simultaneously, due to the reasonable arrangement of a separator, a waste heat boiler, etc. and the adoption of a plurality of heat exchange components, the residual heat of coal gas can be fully utilized and dust containing carbon in the separator returns to the furnace for recycling. Through the change of gasifying agents, the device can produce coal gas with various heat values and has the advantages of high gasification efficiency, high heat efficiency, large yield, no pollution, etc.

Description

Coal powder gasifying fluid bed equipoment and use this device to produce the method for coal gas

The present invention relates to a kind of production unit and production technique thereof of gas production technology, especially coal gas.

Along with the popularization of mechanical coal mining, fine coal and inferior coal output are increasing year by year, how to adopt advanced technology, rationally, to utilize these coals be exactly a big problem efficient pollution-free.Ideal method is that coal is produced coal gas at present, for industry and civilian, but the equipment component of presently used gas producing device, its unreasonable structure, imperfection, the layout of equipment are not compact, unreasonable yet, this just can't realize best technical process, caused feed coal must use in briquette fuel (bituminous coal, hard coal, coke), can not use fine coal, gasification efficiency is low, the coal gas kind is single, and industrial scale is little, and waste heat can not make full use of, waste raw material contaminate environment.As " producing the gasifying powder coal device of synthetic ammonia with unstripped gas " and " fluidized-bed water-gas device " boiling condition of being provided with fire grate are restricted, and gasification intensity is low, and output is difficult to enlarge; No matter be that difficulty is all compared in rake formula or chain type ash disposal, also can cause the loss of coal, and ash disposal mechanism complexity, easy to wear, investment is big, troublesome maintenance; Produce the gasifying powder coal device of synthetic ammonia with unstripped gas, vapour generator in its waste heat boiler is the multilayer coil pipe type, again on producer top, be subject to the particulate wearing and tearing, easily adhere to dust again, influence work-ing life and heat exchange effect, separator and fly-ash separator dust can't return burner hearth, outwards the exhaust emission environment; Though the cyclonic separator of fluidized-bed water-gas device is near producer, its structure and placement location are improper, and dust can not be got back to burner hearth by deadweight, because efficiency of dust collection is low, so also want ad hoc dust removal installation after the waste heat boiler, equipment is many and disperse, investment is big, poor effect.

The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of equipment used advanced person, layout is improved rationally, and industrial scale is big, efficient is high, pollution is little, take up an area of few coal powder gasifying fluid bed equipoment and use this device to produce the method for coal gas.

For achieving the above object, adopted following technical scheme: coal powder gasifying fluid bed equipoment of the present invention, comprise the fine coal funnel, coal bunker and the transfer roller of delivering coal to coal bunker from funnel, producer and the coal feeder of delivering coal to producer from coal bunker, and round shape cyclonic separator, waste heat boiler, the ash ejector of producer bottom and ash-pit is characterized in that having adopted, following two-layer vaporized chemical nozzle, the ebullated bed fine coal gas producer (ZL97202018 of no fire grate, 7) and the vapour generator that in housing, has vertical tube bundle, multilayer coiled pipe vapor superheater and soft water preheater are in the waste heat boiler (ZL97202017 of one, 9); The bottom is that conical cyclonic separator places near the producer, and its top is higher than the producer top, on have gas pipe to communicate with producer, down have return line to lead to the generation burner hearth; Waste heat boiler places the afterbody of device, has gas pipe that it is linked to each other with cyclonic separator, all has ash releasing tube to insert in the water sealed tank respectively in the bottom of waste heat boiler inlet bottom, housing and gas exit.

Use coal powder gasifying fluid bed equipoment of the present invention to produce the method for coal gas.Comprise fine coal is sent into the fine coal funnel earlier from inlet A, send into coal bunker through worm conveyor then, quantitatively send into the producer coal inlet through the spiral coal feeder again, it is characterized in that containing air by what mixing tank was sent here this moment, the vaporized chemical that steam or different ratios oxygen are formed, on on the producer, two-layer nozzle is blown into burner hearth down, the vaporized chemical that lower floor's nozzle is blown into, coal dust is dispersed rapidly, most coal dust is realized gasification in fluidized bed, to not vaporized coal dust on a small quantity, upwards float, the vaporized chemical that is blown into by the upper strata nozzle continues gasification, and temperature can reach 900 in the burner hearth at this moment---and 1000 ℃, pressure 10---15Kpa, the coal gas that is generated is sent into cyclonic separator by the producer upper outlet, and isolated dust is sent burner hearth back to through the bottom return line, and coal gas is in pipeline is sent into the waste heat boiler housing, through vapour generator, the repeatedly heat exchange of vapor superheater and soft water preheater, gas temperature is by 930---reducing to 150 for 950 ℃---240 ℃, the water in the heat transfer tube becomes steam, all can send use; By waste heat boiler inlet, vapour generator, vapor superheater and the settled dust of soft water preheater, discharge by ash releasing tube and water sealed tank; This device can be produced the coal gas of multiple calorific value.

The present invention is owing to adopted, the ebullated bed coal gasification producer of following two-layer vaporized chemical nozzle and no fire grate, improved the mode that is blown into of vaporized chemical, make that coal dust passes through in burner hearth on, the vaporized chemical that following two-layer nozzle is blown into, strengthened gasification intensity, improved vaporization rate, simultaneously owing to do not establish fire grate in the stove, improved the ebullition, gasification condition of coal dust in stove, output has grate equipment to improve 2 with scale---and 3 times, help making the gas equipment series and maximize, because ashes can be along the landing voluntarily of circular cone furnace bottom, so do not need residue extraction mechanism, reduce investment outlay the trouble of having avoided maintenance and slag to bring; Cyclonic separator is near producer, and is higher than producer, and the bottom has return line to lead to burner hearth again, and the carbon containing flying dust more than 50% is got back in the burner hearth, participates in the second gasification reaction, improved the utilization ratio of carbon, reduced cost, reduced pollution; The few component parts of waste heat boiler is reasonable, not only can make full use of the coal gas waste heat and produce steam, but also repeatedly remove the dust in the coal gas, discharges through ash releasing tube and water sealed tank, reduces the ash discharge facility investment; This device can utilize multiple vaporized chemical to produce multiple calorific value of gas, as air gas, water-gas and semi-water gas etc.

Be described further below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.

Fig. 1 is embodiments of the invention---40,000,20,000 Nm ³/ h coal powder gasifying fluid bed equipoment process flow sheet;

Fig. 2 is the layout of equipment of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is 10,000,5000Nm ³/ h coal powder gasifying fluid bed equipoment process flow sheet;

Fig. 4 is the layout of equipment of Fig. 3.

Fine coal funnel 1 is arranged among the figure, the worm conveyor 2 of delivering coal to coal bunker 3 by funnel 1, the spiral coal feeder 4 of delivering coal to producer 5 coal inlets by coal bunker 3, along the body of heater circumference a plurality of nozzles 10,11 are arranged the upper and lower of coal inlet, and the centerline direction and the body of heater radius of nozzle 10,11 are angled, so when spraying into vaporized chemical, coal dust just forms eddy current in burner hearth, be beneficial to gasification, fine coal is gasified in the bottom major part, and making progress of a small amount of not gasification floated, and the vaporized chemical that is blown into by top nozzle 10 is gasified totally once more, gasification intensity is big, the efficient height; Cyclonic separator 6 is near producer 5, and its upper end is higher than the upper end of producer 5, and its underpart return line 20 partly feeds burner hearth by the conic tube of body of heater, and angled with body of heater.The dust that the premises all helps in the separator 6 enters burner hearth by the deadweight landing, participates in the second gasification reaction; Temperature is 930---950 ℃ coal gas, in the housing 16 of waste heat boiler 7, bundled tube heat exchange vapour generator 17 through dress water, again through the vapor superheater 13 and the soft water preheater 12 of multilayer coil pipe type, make gas temperature reduce to 150---240 ℃, F sends through outlet, and soft water becomes superheated vapour and sends through outlet E; Because inlet 23 bottoms at waste heat boiler, ash releasing tube 15 is all arranged at the bottom of the bottom of housing 16 and gas exit F, so vapour generator 17,

vapor superheater

13 and 12 settled dusts of soft water preheating directly can be sent into water sealed tank 14, liquid packing 14 has the effect of buffering pressure in production process fluctuation, G is the recirculated water inlet, and J is a circulating water outlet; Slag is sent by ash output hole H through ash ejector 8 and ash-pit 9.

As Fig. 3 is the less coal powder gasifying fluid bed equipoment of industrial scale, and its waste heat boiler 7 can be made up of the dust separator 22 of vapor superheater 13, soft water preheater 12 and bottom in housing 16, the housing 16 and the vapour separator 18 that links to each other with vapor superheater 13, soft water preheater 12; Also have air (oxygen) well heater 19, inlet C among the figure, steam-in B, soft water inlet D, condensation-water drain water K.

Fig. 2, Fig. 4 are each equipment layout synoptic diagram of the present invention.Coal bunker 3 among the figure, producer 5, cyclonic separator 6 and waste heat boiler 7 are " one " font arrangement successively, and the minor increment between two adjacent equipment centers is 4---8m reduces and takes up an area of and power loss to reduce investment outlay.

Lift an example, and be illustrated.

The contriver uses technical solution of the present invention, earlier with original 10,000 Nm ³The coal powder gasifying fluid bed equipoment of furnace zone fire grate takes place in/h, changes 20,000 Nm into ³/ h producer is with the coal powder gasifying fluid bed equipoment of fire grate, and continues on this basis to improve equipment and technical process, now produces 40,000 Nm of water-gas and half water coal instead ³/ h device needs the producer 5 high 30m after the reconstruction, diameter 6m for making syngas for synthetic ammonia, separator 6 high 14m, diameter 6m, its upper end exceeds producer 5 upper end 8m, and each equipment " one " font is arranged, length overall 40m, the minor increment between each adjacent two equipment center is 4m, building is taken up an area of 284m ³, after tested: every aerogenesis 1Km ³, need fine coal 914Kg (ash 38 in the coal---and 40%, calorific value 31003900KCaL), 98% oxygen 265Nm ³, steam 4500---500Kg, caloric power of gas 2000---2200KCaL/Nm ³, vaporization rate 76---80%, self-produced steam amount 500---505Kg.

Claims

1, a kind of coal powder gasifying fluid bed equipoment, comprise fine coal funnel (1), coal bunker (3) and the transfer roller (2) of delivering coal to storage tank (3) from funnel (1), producer (5) and the coal feeder (4) of delivering coal to producer (5) from coal bunker (3), and round shape cyclonic separator (6), waste heat boiler (7), the ash ejector (8) of producer (5) bottom and ash-pit (9) is characterized in that having adopted, following two-layer vaporized chemical nozzle (10) (11), the ebullated bed fine coal gas producer (5) of no fire grate and the vapour generator (17) that in housing (16), has vertical tube bundle, multilayer coiled pipe vapor superheater (13) and soft water preheater (12) are in the waste heat boiler (7) of one; The bottom is that conical cyclonic separator (6) places near the producer (5), its top is higher than producer (5) top, on have gas pipe to communicate with producer (5), under have return line (20) to lead to the generation burner hearth, waste heat boiler (7) places the device afterbody, has gas pipe that it is linked to each other with cyclonic separator (6); Bottom at waste heat boiler (7) inlet (23) bottom, housing (16) and gas exit F all has ash releasing tube (15) to insert respectively in the water sealed tank (14).

2, according to the described gasification installation of claim 1, it is characterized in that the device less to industrial scale, its waste heat boiler (7) can be by the vapor superheater (13) in housing (16), the housing (16), and the dust separator (22) of soft water preheater (12) and bottom and the vapour separator (18) that links to each other with vapor superheater (13), soft water preheater (12) are formed.

3, according to the described gasification installation of claim 1, it is characterized in that coal bunker (3), producer (5), cyclonic separator (6) and used heat crosses stove (7), be that " one " font is arranged successively, the minor increment between two adjacent equipment centers is 4---8m.

4, a kind of method of using the described gasification installation of claim 1 to produce coal gas comprises: fine coal is sent into fine coal funnel (1) earlier from inlet A, send into coal bunker (3) through worm conveyor (2) then, quantitatively send into producer (5) coal inlet through spiral coal feeder (4) again, it is characterized in that containing air by what mixing tank (21) was sent here this moment, the vaporized chemical that steam or different ratios oxygen are formed, on on the producer (5), following two-layer nozzle (10), (11) be blown into burner hearth, the vaporized chemical that lower floor's nozzle (11) is blown into, coal dust is dispersed rapidly, most coal dust is realized gasification in fluidized bed, to not vaporized coal dust on a small quantity, upwards float, the vaporized chemical that is blown into by upper strata nozzle (10) continues gasification, at this moment, temperature can reach 900 in the burner hearth---and 1000 ℃, pressure 10---15Kpa, the coal gas that is generated is sent into cyclonic separator (6) by producer (5) upper outlet, isolated dust is sent burner hearth back to through bottom return line (20), coal gas is in pipeline is sent into waste heat boiler (7) housing (16), through vapour generator (17), the repeatedly heat exchange of vapor superheater (13) and soft water preheater (12), gas temperature is by 930---reducing to 150 for 950 ℃---240 ℃, water in the heat transfer tube becomes steam, all can send use; By waste heat boiler (7) inlet (23), vapour generator (17), vapor superheater (13) and the settled dust of soft water preheater (12), discharge by ash releasing tube (15) and water sealed tank (14).