CN109548464B

CN109548464B - Adopt spiral atmospheric pressure separation's rape harvester

Info

Publication number: CN109548464B
Application number: CN201910031778.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李英奎; 唐兴隆; 黄桃翠; 杨会静; 朱程
Original assignee: Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Current assignee: Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Priority date: 2019-01-14
Filing date: 2019-01-14
Publication date: 2020-09-25
Anticipated expiration: 2039-01-14
Also published as: CN109548464A

Abstract

The invention discloses a rape harvester adopting spiral air pressure separation, which comprises a grain pulling assembly, a cutter, a conveying mechanism, a threshing mechanism, a control console and a traveling mechanism, wherein the grain pulling assembly is arranged on the grain pulling assembly; the grain pulling device comprises a grain pulling assembly, a cutting knife, a conveying mechanism, a threshing mechanism and a traveling mechanism, wherein the grain pulling assembly is arranged above the cutting knife through a rack, the conveying mechanism is positioned behind the cutting knife and used for conveying rape harvested by the cutting knife to the threshing mechanism, and a control platform is in control connection with the grain pulling assembly, the cutting knife, the conveying mechanism, the threshing mechanism and the traveling mechanism and used for controlling the operation of the whole mechanism; the threshing mechanism is also connected with a spiral air pressure separation device, and the rapes enter the spiral air pressure separation device for secondary threshing and drying after threshing. By adopting the design of the spiral air pressure type separating mechanism, the invention not only greatly improves the yield of the rapeseeds, avoids the waste of the rapeseeds in the process, but also can ensure the harvesting quality of the rapeseeds, has good practicability and makes substantial contribution to the existing rape harvesting mechanization.

Description

Adopt spiral atmospheric pressure separation's rape harvester

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a rape harvester adopting spiral air pressure separation.

Background

As an important economic crop, the rape is widely planted in China, and the planting area and the total yield both live at the first place in the world. The rape planting area in China always shows a greatly increasing trend, and with the continuous development of the rape industry, the sowing area is enlarged, and the production area is concentrated to form a sharp contrast: the production of rape, especially the harvesting link of rape, has been mainly manual operation for a long time, not only has high labor intensity and severe labor conditions, but also has low operation efficiency and high total loss rate, and is difficult to meet the harvesting requirement of large-scale planting, so the realization of the mechanization of rape harvesting becomes an important problem which needs to be solved urgently in the current agricultural production.

The seeds of the rape are fine, the fruit pods are easy to burst, the harvest is an important link in large-area mechanized production, the harvest is improper, the loss is serious, the high yield is not high, the mechanization problem in the production process of the rape is emphasized in various places at present, and the main machine type at present mainly adopts the traditional full-feeding combine harvester to change the machine type. In recent years, the mechanized technology of rape production in China is also greatly improved, and the conventional rape harvesting mainly comprises segmented harvesting and combined harvesting; the segmented harvesting is that firstly, the rapeseeds are cut and paved in the field by manpower or a cutter-windrower, after the rapeseeds are placed for several days, the crop after-ripening mechanism is utilized, and after the rapeseeds are aired, the rapeseeds are picked up, conveyed, threshed and returned to the field by a combined harvester, the harvesting of the mode is similar to the traditional manual harvesting process, the requirement on the harvesting time is not strict, because the rapeseeds are cut and piled for several days, the rapeseeds are full due to after-ripening and easy to thresh, but the whole process is divided into two processes, and the labor; the combined harvest is characterized in that the labor and the time are saved, but the requirements on the harvest time are strict, the threshing is not clean when the rape is harvested earlier, and the pods are cracked when the rape is harvested later, so that the loss of cutting knives is increased.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to: aiming at the existing problems, the invention provides the rape harvester adopting the spiral air pressure separation, and the rapeseeds and the rape dregs after the primary threshing treatment are reprocessed by adopting the spiral air pressure separation, so that the rapeseeds harvested by the rape harvester have high harvesting rate, the waste loss of oil-tea camellia seeds is avoided, the water content of the rapeseeds can be reduced to a great extent, the occurrence of the condition that the rapeseeds are mildewed and deteriorated in the later period is avoided, the rape harvesting efficiency and quality are improved, and the rape harvester has good practicability and popularization value.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

the invention relates to a rape harvester adopting spiral air pressure separation, which comprises a grain pulling assembly, a cutter, a conveying mechanism, a threshing mechanism, a control console and a traveling mechanism; the grain pulling assembly is arranged above the cutting knife through a rack, the conveying mechanism is positioned behind the cutting knife and used for conveying rape harvested by the cutting knife to the threshing mechanism, the control console is in control connection with the grain pulling assembly, the cutting knife, the conveying mechanism, the threshing mechanism and the walking mechanism and used for controlling the operation of the whole mechanism, and the grain pulling assembly is characterized in that the threshing mechanism is also connected with a spiral air pressure separation device, and the rape enters the spiral air pressure separation device after being subjected to threshing processing to be subjected to secondary threshing and drying processing. The rape after threshing has a certain separation treatment effect, the rape pod after being treated is subjected to high-speed impact in the spiral air pressure separation device again through the spiral air pressure separation device, meanwhile, the device with the spiral structure design can achieve the centrifugal separation effect under the action of the self mass difference and the air pressure between the rape residue shell and the rape seeds, so that the rape seeds can be more fully separated, the air flow rate is greatly increased in the air pressure acceleration process, the separated rape seeds can be air-dried, the water content is greatly reduced, the condition that the rape seeds are easy to mildew later is avoided, the rape seed threshing device not only greatly improves the harvest rate of the rape seeds by adopting the design of the spiral air pressure type separation mechanism, avoids the waste of the rape seeds in the process, but also can simultaneously ensure the harvest quality of the rape seeds, has good practicability and makes substantial contribution to the existing rape harvesting mechanization.

Further, the spiral air pressure separation device comprises a spiral separation flow channel, an air accelerator and a slag shell separation cavity; the feeding hole of the spiral separation flow passage is directly connected with the discharging hole of the threshing mechanism, and the air accelerator is connected with the feeding hole of the spiral separation flow passage through an air adding pipe, so that rape is accelerated to enter the spiral separation flow passage under the action of the air accelerator; the spiral separation flow passage is spirally and spirally arranged, the tail end of the spiral separation flow passage is provided with a jet orifice, and the jet orifice is used for jetting the rape into the slag shell separation cavity; the bottom of the residue shell separation cavity is provided with a first screen, rapeseeds are discharged out of the spiral air pressure separation device after leaking through the first screen, and the screened rape residue shells pass through the conveying device and are discharged out of the spiral air pressure separation device. The discharge port of the thresher is directly connected with the feed port of the spiral air pressure separation device, the rape pretreated by the thresher enters the spiral air pressure separation device in an accelerating way under the action of the air accelerator, and is continuously collided and separated in the spiral separation flow passage, and finally the rape is sprayed out of the spiral separation flow passage through the spray port to be collided and dispersed with the residue shell separation cavity.

Furthermore, an electric heating wire is further arranged at the position of an air outlet of the air accelerator and used for heating air. The heated hot air can further dry the rapeseeds, reduce the water content of the rapeseeds, and further reduce the possibility of mildewing of the rapeseeds.

Furthermore, the threshing mechanism comprises a first threshing roller and a second threshing roller, the conveying mechanism is a bidirectional packing auger, and two ends of the bidirectional packing auger are provided with a first discharge port and a second discharge port corresponding to the first threshing roller and the second threshing roller and used for conveying the rapes into the first threshing roller and the second threshing roller respectively; the spiral separation flow passage comprises a left spiral separation flow passage and a right spiral separation flow passage, the left spiral separation flow passage is connected with the first threshing roller through a first feeding hole, and the right spiral separation flow passage is connected with the second threshing roller through a second discharging hole; the tail end of the left-hand spiral separation flow passage is connected with the first jet port, and the tail end of the right-hand spiral separation flow passage is connected with the second jet port. Preferably adopt above-mentioned structural design, not only make the dispersion effect of rape when initial separation better, avoid piling up the treatment effect that influences equipment, can also guarantee that follow-up separation effect is better, the results efficiency of rape is higher.

Furthermore, the first threshing roller and the second threshing roller are positioned on the same axis and arranged in parallel to the axis of the bidirectional auger; the air-adding pipe of the air accelerator comprises a first air-adding pipe and a second air-adding pipe, the first air-adding pipe is connected with the first feeding hole, and the second air-adding pipe is connected with the second feeding hole. This structural design makes the equipment integration of whole device compacter, and the installation space of harvester is concentrated, has avoided equipment volume too huge, reaps the inconvenient problem of operation.

Further, the first injection port and the second injection port are arranged oppositely or both are injected towards the wall of the skull separation cavity, and both the first injection port and the second injection port are positioned above the conveying starting end of the rape skull conveying device. The oppositely arranged spray ports enable the rapeseeds sprayed out from the left and right spiral separation flow passages to be impacted again and fully dispersed, so that the rapeseeds are separated out and discharged into a rape storage bin through a screen; the two spray ports are arranged relative to the conveying device, so that after the rape residue shells and the rapeseeds have sufficient separation time, the rape residue shells are slowly sent out of the equipment through the conveying device so as to be returned to the field by the straws, and the harvesting rate of the rapeseeds is further ensured.

Furthermore, an air suction pipeline is connected to the slag shell separation cavity at a slag outlet at the conveying end of the conveying device; the suction pipeline is used for connecting the first slag outlet with the slag shell separation cavity, and a suction fan is installed on the first slag outlet. The arrangement of the suction fan enables the suction fan to be matched with the air accelerator, so that the air in the spiral air pressure separation device can be further enabled to flow, and meanwhile, the slag shells can be smoothly discharged out of the harvester.

Further, the conveying device is a conveying auger; the conveying auger is erected in the slag shell separation cavity and is arranged close to the mesh surface of the first screen mesh. The conveying auger is adopted as the conveying device, because the conveying auger can also stir the rape slag shells to a great extent, the rapeseeds can be further separated from the rape slag shells completely and fully, the rapeseeds are prevented from being carried in the rape slag shells and being discharged out of the harvester along with the rape slag shells, and the indirect operation of ensuring the rapeseed harvesting rate is also realized.

Furthermore, a first grain outlet is formed in the bottom of the residue shell separation cavity and is positioned right below the first screen, a second screen is arranged below the first grain outlet, the rapeseeds passing through the second screen sequentially pass through the hopper and the second grain outlet and finally enter the rape storage bin, and the rape residue shells screened by the second screen are discharged to the first residue outlet through the second residue outlet and are discharged out of the harvester; the mesh aperture of the first screen is larger than that of the second screen. Through the design of the structure, the rapeseed harvesting device further ensures that the amount of the rapeseed dregs obtained after the harvesting is less and the rapeseed harvesting quality is better.

According to the rape harvester adopting the spiral air pressure separation, the control console provides a power source for the spiral air pressure separation device and controls the action of the spiral air pressure separation device; the grain pulling assembly, the bidirectional auger and the threshing mechanism are in tooth transmission connection; the running mechanism adopts a crawler-type running mechanism.

In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the rape harvester adopting the spiral air pressure separation has the advantages that the action principle is simple, the rape harvesting rate is high, and the quality is good;

2. the rapeseed waste rate is very low when the rape is harvested;

3. the straw returning is realized, and the environment is protected and the energy is saved;

4. the practicability is good, and the popularization value is good.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a rape harvester using spiral pneumatic separation according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a top view of the rape harvester using the spiral type pneumatic separation of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along section A-A of FIG. 1;

the labels in the figure are: 1-a reel assembly, 2-a cutter, 3-a bidirectional auger, 3 a-a discharge port I, 3 b-a discharge port II, 4-a frame, 5-a first threshing roller, 6-a second threshing roller, 7-a first feed inlet, 8-a second feed inlet, 9-a left spiral separation flow channel, 10-a right spiral separation flow channel, 11-a first air adding pipe, 12-a second air adding pipe, 13-an air accelerator, 14-an electric heating wire, 15-a first injection port, 16-a second injection port, 17-a residue and shell separation cavity, 18-a conveying auger, 19-a first screen, 20-a first grain outlet, 21-an air suction pipe, 22-a first slag outlet, 23-an air suction machine, 24-a second screen and 25-a second slag outlet, 26-a hopper, 27-a second grain outlet, 28-a rape storage bin, 29-a console and 30-a travelling mechanism.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples.

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to embodiments, it should be noted that the drawings in the specification of the present invention are only schematic illustrations of the core mechanical structure of the present invention, and for convenience of illustration, the related circuit control and the related power device are not illustrated in the drawings since they are all realized by using the control method in the prior art. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

Example 1

A rape harvester adopting spiral air pressure separation comprises a grain pulling assembly 1, a cutting knife 2, a conveying mechanism, a threshing mechanism, a control console 29 and a traveling mechanism 30; the grain pulling assembly 1 is arranged above the cutting knife 2 through the frame 4, the conveying mechanism is positioned behind the cutting knife 2 and is used for conveying rape harvested by the cutting knife 2 to the threshing mechanism, the control console 29 is in control connection with the grain pulling assembly 1, the cutting knife, the conveying mechanism, the threshing mechanism and the traveling mechanism 30 and is used for controlling the operation of the whole mechanism, and the control principle of the control mechanism can be realized through the conventional technical means of the rape harvester in the field, so the embodiment is not explained; the control console 29 provides a power source for the spiral air pressure separation device and controls the action of the spiral air pressure separation device, the power source can be directly realized by adopting a common motor, the control console 29 only needs to control the corresponding motor related in the control console to rotate, start, stop, rotate speed and the like, the conventional control modes are conventional technical means in the field of electric control, and the embodiment and the attached drawings are not illustrated and expressed; the grain pulling assembly 1, the bidirectional auger 3 and the threshing mechanism are in tooth transmission connection; the running mechanism 30 is a crawler-type running mechanism. The threshing mechanism is also connected with a spiral air pressure separation device, and the rapes enter the spiral air pressure separation device for secondary threshing and drying after threshing. The spiral air pressure separation device comprises a spiral separation runner, an air accelerator 13 and a slag shell separation cavity 17; the feed inlet of the spiral separation runner is directly connected with the discharge outlet of the threshing mechanism, the air accelerator 13 is connected with the feed inlet of the spiral separation runner through an air filling pipe, so that rape is accelerated to enter the spiral separation runner under the action of the air accelerator, the control of the air accelerator 13 and a power source thereof are also controlled through a console, a driver of a harvester positioned on the console can conveniently control the equipment, and the starting control of the air accelerator can be realized by adopting a conventional technology; the spiral separation flow passage is spirally and spirally arranged, the tail end of the spiral separation flow passage is provided with a jet orifice, and the jet orifice is used for jetting the rape into the slag shell separation cavity 17; the bottom of the residue shell separation cavity 17 is provided with a first screen mesh 19, rapeseeds are discharged out of the spiral air pressure separation device after leaking through the first screen mesh 19, and the screened rape residue shells pass through the conveying device and are discharged out of the spiral air pressure separation device. And an electric heating wire 14 is further arranged at the air outlet of the air accelerator 13 and used for heating air.

At a slag outlet at the conveying end of the conveying device, an air suction pipe 21 is connected to the slag shell separation cavity 17; the suction pipe 21 says and is connected first slag notch 22 and skull separation chamber 17, install suction fan 23 on the first slag notch 22, suction fan 23 induced draft intensity is moderate, as long as can realize in the spiral atmospheric pressure separator that the air flow is better alright. The conveying device is a conveying auger 18; the conveying auger 18 is erected in the residue shell separation cavity 17 and is arranged close to the mesh surface of the first screen mesh 19, one end of a rotating shaft of the conveying auger is hermetically connected with the rape residue shell separation cavity and extends out of the cavity to be connected with a power motor, the rotating speed of the conveying auger is controlled not to be too fast, the rotating speed of the conveying auger is relatively slow as long as the normal discharge of residue shells is not influenced under the condition of avoiding the accumulation of the residue shells, and the sufficient stirring effect on the rape residue shells is achieved. The rapeseed is positioned under the first screen 19, the bottom of the residue shell separation cavity 17 is provided with a first grain outlet 20, a second screen 24 is arranged under the first grain outlet 20, the rapeseed passing through the second screen 24 sequentially passes through a hopper 26 and a second grain outlet 27 and finally enters a rape storage bin 28, and the mode for conveying the rapeseed to the rape storage bin is the same as the mode for conveying the rapeseed treated by a threshing cylinder in the existing rape harvester; rape residue shells screened by the second screen 24 are discharged to the first residue outlet 22 through the second residue outlet 25 and are discharged out of the harvester; the mesh opening size of the first screen 19 is about 1.5 times to 2 times the mesh opening size of the second screen 24.

Example 2

The spiral air-pressure-separated rape harvester of the embodiment is basically the same as that of the embodiment 1, and the difference is that: the threshing mechanism preferably comprises a first threshing roller 5 and a second threshing roller 6, the conveying mechanism is a bidirectional packing auger 3, and two ends of the bidirectional packing auger 3 are provided with a first discharge port 3a and a second discharge port 3b corresponding to the first threshing roller 5 and the second threshing roller 6 and used for conveying the rapes into the first threshing roller 5 and the second threshing roller 6 respectively; the spiral separation flow passage comprises a left spiral separation flow passage 9 and a right spiral separation flow passage 10, the left spiral separation flow passage 9 is connected with the first threshing roller 5 through a first feed port 7, and the right spiral separation flow passage 10 is connected with the second threshing roller 6 through a second discharge port; the tail end of the left-direction spiral separation flow passage 9 is connected with a first jet port, and the tail end of the right-direction spiral separation flow passage 10 is connected with a second jet port 16. The first threshing roller 5 and the second threshing roller 6 are positioned on the same axis and arranged in parallel to the axis of the bidirectional auger 3; the air-adding pipe of the air accelerator 13 comprises a first air-adding pipe 11 and a second air-adding pipe 12, wherein the first air-adding pipe 11 is connected with the first feeding hole 7, and the second air-adding pipe 12 is connected with the second feeding hole 8. The first injection port 15 and the second injection port 16 are oppositely arranged or the first injection port 15 and the second injection port 16 are both injected towards the wall of the skull separation cavity 17; when the first injection ports 15 and the second injection ports 16 are arranged oppositely, the relative distance between the first injection ports and the second injection ports is preferably controlled to be about 3-4 times of the caliber of the injection ports; the first injection port 15 and the second injection port 16 are both positioned above the conveying starting end of the rape dreg shell conveying device. By adopting the structure design, the rape separating device not only has better dispersion effect when initially separating the rapes, avoids stacking the treatment effect influencing the equipment, but also can ensure better subsequent separation effect and higher rape harvesting efficiency.

It is to be understood that the above examples are merely illustrative for clarity of description and are not limiting on the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are intended to be within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A rape harvester adopting spiral air pressure separation comprises a grain pulling assembly (1), a cutting knife (2), a conveying mechanism, a threshing mechanism, a control console (29) and a traveling mechanism (30); the grain pulling assembly (1) is arranged above the cutting knife (2) through a rack (4), the conveying mechanism is positioned behind the cutting knife (2) and is used for conveying rape harvested by the cutting knife (2) to the threshing mechanism, the control console (29) is in control connection with the grain pulling assembly (1), the cutting knife, the conveying mechanism, the threshing mechanism and the traveling mechanism (30) and is used for controlling the operation of the whole mechanism, the grain pulling assembly is characterized in that the threshing mechanism is also connected with a spiral air pressure separation device, and the rape enters the spiral air pressure separation device for secondary threshing and drying after being subjected to threshing treatment; the spiral air pressure separation device comprises a spiral separation flow channel, an air accelerator (13) and a slag shell separation cavity (17); the feed inlet of the spiral separation flow passage is directly connected with the discharge outlet of the threshing mechanism, and the air accelerator (13) is connected with the feed inlet of the spiral separation flow passage through an air adding pipe, so that rape is accelerated to enter the spiral separation flow passage under the action of the air accelerator; the spiral separation flow passage is spirally and spirally arranged, the tail end of the spiral separation flow passage is provided with a jet orifice, and the jet orifice is used for jetting the rape into the slag shell separation cavity (17); a first screen mesh (19) is arranged at the bottom of the residue shell separation cavity (17), rapeseeds are discharged out of the spiral air pressure separation device after leaking through the first screen mesh (19), and the screened rape residue shells pass through a conveying device and are discharged out of the spiral air pressure separation device; the threshing mechanism comprises a first threshing roller (5) and a second threshing roller (6), the conveying mechanism is a bidirectional packing auger (3), and two ends of the bidirectional packing auger are provided with a first discharge port (3a) and a second discharge port (3b) corresponding to the first threshing roller (5) and the second threshing roller (6) and are used for conveying the rapes into the first threshing roller (5) and the second threshing roller (6) respectively; the spiral separation flow passage comprises a left spiral separation flow passage (9) and a right spiral separation flow passage (10), the left spiral separation flow passage (9) is connected with the first threshing roller (5) through a first feeding hole (7), and the right spiral separation flow passage (10) is connected with the second threshing roller (6) through a second discharging hole; the tail end of the left-direction spiral separation flow passage (9) is connected with a first jet port, and the tail end of the right-direction spiral separation flow passage (10) is connected with a second jet port (16).

2. The rape harvester for spiral air separation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the air outlet of the air accelerator (13) is further provided with a heating wire (14) for heating air.

3. The rape harvester for separating by the spiral air pressure as the claim 2, wherein the first threshing roller (5) and the second threshing roller (6) are positioned on the same axis and arranged parallel to the axis of the bidirectional packing auger (3); the air-adding pipe of the air accelerator (13) comprises a first air-adding pipe (11) and a second air-adding pipe (12), the first air-adding pipe (11) is connected with the first feeding hole (7), and the second air-adding pipe (12) is connected with the second feeding hole (8).

4. The rape harvester using the spiral air pressure separation as recited in claim 3, wherein the first injection port (15) and the second injection port (16) are oppositely disposed or the first injection port (15) and the second injection port (16) are both injected toward the wall of the chaff separation chamber (17), and the first injection port (15) and the second injection port (16) are both positioned above the conveying start end of the rape chaff conveying device.

5. The rape harvester adopting the spiral pneumatic separation as claimed in claim 3 or 4, wherein a suction duct (21) is further connected to the residue-hull separation chamber (17) at a slag outlet at the conveying end of the conveying device; the suction pipe (21) is connected with the first slag hole (22) and the slag shell separation cavity (17), and the suction fan (23) is installed on the first slag hole (22).

6. The rape harvester for separating by the spiral air pressure as claimed in claim 5, wherein the conveying device is a conveying auger (18); the conveying auger (18) is erected in the slag shell separation cavity (17) and is arranged close to the mesh surface of the first screen mesh (19).

7. The rape harvester adopting the spiral air pressure separation as claimed in claim 2, 3, 4 or 6, which is characterized in that a first grain outlet (20) is arranged at the bottom of the chaff separation chamber (17) and is positioned right below the first screen mesh (19), a second screen mesh (24) is arranged below the first grain outlet (20), the rapeseeds passing through the second screen mesh (24) sequentially pass through a hopper (26) and a second grain outlet (27) and finally enter a rape storage bin (28), and the rape chaff screened by the second screen mesh (24) is discharged out of the harvester through the second slag outlet (25) to the first slag outlet (22); the mesh aperture of the first screen (19) is larger than that of the second screen (24).

8. The rape harvester for spiral pneumatic separation as recited in claim 7, wherein the console (29) provides a power source for the spiral pneumatic separation device and controls the operation thereof; the grain pulling assembly (1), the bidirectional auger (3) and the threshing mechanism are in tooth transmission connection; the running mechanism (30) adopts a crawler-type running mechanism.