CN109545874A - 太阳能光伏地板砖 - Google Patents

太阳能光伏地板砖 Download PDF

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CN109545874A
CN109545874A CN201811357441.1A CN201811357441A CN109545874A CN 109545874 A CN109545874 A CN 109545874A CN 201811357441 A CN201811357441 A CN 201811357441A CN 109545874 A CN109545874 A CN 109545874A
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马涛
严思韵
顾文波
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Shanghai Jiaotong University
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    • H01L31/04Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

一种太阳能光伏地板砖,将两块强度足够的钢化玻璃分别作为支撑底板和防滑耐磨面板,将太阳能光伏电池片通过串并联组合之后夹在支撑底板和防滑耐磨面板之间,并在间隙处敷设透明胶膜、在支撑底板和防滑耐磨面板的四周粘附透明密封胶后实现制备。本发明在美化环境的同时产生清洁的电力供合理使用,解决市场上光伏地板砖功能单一、无法利用太阳能资源的的问题。

Description

太阳能光伏地板砖
技术领域
本发明涉及的是一种光伏应用领域的技术,具体是一种太阳能光伏地板砖。
背景技术
现有地板砖一般由瓷砖、大理石、塑胶、花岗石组成,主要是铺平地面和美化环境,功能单一,不能对地砖进行充分的利用。同时,安装在室外开阔场所的地板砖,每天暴露在太阳下,能吸收大量的太阳能。但普通地板砖吸收到的太阳能得不到合理开发和利用,反而导致温度升高影响地板砖的性能和使用寿命。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术存在的上述不足,提出一种太阳能光伏地板砖,将太阳能发电与地板砖结合在一起,在美化环境的同时产生清洁的电力供合理使用,解决市场上光伏地板砖功能单一、无法利用太阳能资源的的问题。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的:
本发明涉及一种太阳能光伏地板砖的制备方法,将两块强度足够的钢化玻璃分别作为支撑底板和防滑耐磨面板,将太阳能光伏电池片通过串并联组合之后夹在支撑底板和防滑耐磨面板之间,并在间隙处敷设透明胶膜、在支撑底板和防滑耐磨面板的四周粘附透明密封胶后实现制备。
所述的透明胶膜优选为PVB或者EVA,该透明胶膜对玻璃和电池片有很好的粘结力,具有坚韧、抗冲击、无腐蚀,透明、耐无机酸和脂肪、耐光、耐寒、耐老化等特点,能封装整个光伏地板砖和缓冲外界压力对电池片的破坏,同时对太阳能电池组件的输出功率有增益作用。
所述的透明密封胶为PVB胶膜,该透明胶膜具有更高的抗穿透性、更好的后断裂性能、耐寒耐老化,能随密封面形状而变形,不易流淌,具有一定的粘结性、防泄漏、防震、隔热等特点,能够保护整个地砖。
所述的透明胶膜,通过以下方式实现敷设:先覆盖PVB膜于光伏电池片和支撑底板和防滑耐磨面板之间,再对其进行加热融化,使PVB完全填充间隙,达到封装、保护、缓冲的效果。
所述的太阳能光伏电池片,通过光伏焊带,由纯度较高的铜作为基材,在其表面涂上锡层,一方面防止铜基材氧化变色,另外一方面方便于将材料焊接到电池的栅线上,起到互联和汇流作用。所述的串联组合指电池片之间通过串联的方法连接,具体指相邻电池片的正负极相接,且接线由前一块电池片的受光面连接至后一块电池片的背光面。串联连接可在不改变输出电流的情况下,使输出电压成比例地增加。
本发明涉及一种太阳能光伏地板砖,包括:依次粘接的防滑耐磨钢化玻璃面板、前胶膜、太阳能电池片、后胶膜、钢化玻璃底板。
所述的防滑耐磨钢化玻璃面板上设有防滑耐磨层。
所述的太阳能电池片为单晶硅、多晶硅或者对温度不敏感的非晶硅材料,优选为若干单晶硅太阳能电池单元串联组成。
所述的太阳能电池片通过导线输出电源,对应所述的太阳能光伏地板砖的侧面设有过线槽以引出导线并从地下接入逆变器或者控制器以接入城市电网。对于离网系统,通过逆变器之后可以接入储能电池,白天通过光伏地板砖将太阳能转换为电能储存在电池中,晚上为街灯、美光灯、指示牌和广场喷泉灯等用电器提供电能。
所述的钢化玻璃指强化玻璃,具体指用物理或化学的方法,在玻璃表面形成一个压应力层,使玻璃本身具有较高的抗压强度,具有抗压强度高、热稳定性好、高透光率的特性,能够保护电池片,提高组件整体机械强度,有效保护组件于恶劣气候条件下使用。
所述的防滑耐磨钢化玻璃面板优选为非透明彩色防滑耐磨钢化玻璃,具有足够的防滑耐磨特性,静摩擦系数为0.54(湿表面)和0.78(干表面),满足国标0.5的需求,标准测试状态下发电系统效率为15%,具有较高的透明度和透射率(90%),能够保证阳光较多地通过。同时有一定的结构强度和硬度,在强度试验条件中,最大承压为15Mpa。在白天蓄存电能的驱动下,晚上可以展示出不同的颜色,若大量铺设可以达到美化广场、公园路面以及建筑墙面的目的。技术效果
与现有技术相比,本发明中的光伏地板砖具有足够的防滑耐磨特性,静摩擦系数为0.54(湿表面)和0.78(干表面),满足国标0.5的需求,标准测试状态下发电系统效率为15%,具有较高的透明度和透射率(90%),可以保证有足够的太阳光透过玻璃投射到电池片上。最高耐高温288℃,在正常室外工作环境下光伏地砖不会因为晴天暴晒地表温度过高而被破坏。
本发明中的光伏地板砖具有足够的强度和硬度,在强度试验条件中,最大承压为15Mpa,足以支撑人、动物和自行车的行走,甚至小汽车的碾压。
附图说明
图1为本发明光伏地板砖实施例示意图;
图中:a为俯视图;b为侧剖示意图;防滑耐磨钢化玻璃面板1、前PVB胶膜2、太阳能电池片3、后PVB胶膜4、钢化玻璃底板5、防滑耐磨层6;
图2为本发明开发的光伏地板砖样品示意图;
图3为测试光伏地板砖样品的I-V和P-V曲线;
图4为光伏地板砖样品的输出功率与太阳辐射变化曲线。
具体实施方式
如图1a和图1b所示,为本实施例涉及的一种太阳能光伏地板砖,包括依次粘接的防滑耐磨钢化玻璃面板1、前PVB胶膜2、太阳能电池片3、后PVB胶膜4、钢化玻璃底板5,其中:
所述的防滑耐磨钢化玻璃面板1为强化玻璃制成,尺寸为5000mm*500mm,厚度为10mm,具有足够的强度和硬度,在强度试验条件中,最大承压为15Mpa。
所述的防滑耐磨钢化玻璃面板1上设有防滑耐磨层6,具有足够的防滑耐磨特性,静摩擦系数为0.54(湿表面)和0.78(干表面),满足国标0.5的需求。标准测试状态下发电系统效率为15%,具有较高的透明度和透射率(90%),可以保证有足够的太阳光透过玻璃投射到电池片上。
所述的钢化玻璃底板5的厚度在5mm-10mm之间。
所述的太阳能电池片3为单晶硅、多晶硅或者对温度不敏感的非晶硅材料。
如图1a所示,本实施例中太阳能电池片3由9块单晶硅太阳能电池单元串联组成,每个电池单元的尺寸为156mm*156mm,出厂效率为16%,因此标准测试状态下整块光伏地砖的输出功率约为35W。
所述的前PVB胶膜2和后PVB胶膜4(根据实际需要也可选择EVA胶膜)作为缓冲层和保护层,能封装整个光伏地板砖和缓冲外界压力对电池片的破坏。
所述的光伏地砖通过层压的方式制作,将防滑耐磨钢化玻璃面板1、前PVB胶膜2、太阳能电池片3、后PVB胶膜4、钢化玻璃底板5按顺序敷设,再放入层压机内,通过抽真空将组件内的空气抽出,然后加热使胶膜熔化将电池、玻璃面板和玻璃底板粘接在一起,冷却后取出组件。
所述的光伏地砖的切边指:在层压时胶膜熔化后由于压力而向外延伸固化会构成毛边,所以层压完毕应将其毛边切除。
所述的光伏地板砖封装完成后厚度为20-22mm左右。
如图2所示,所述的防滑耐磨层为八字纹防滑层或点状防滑层6。实验结果表明,八字纹防滑层具有较好的防滑耐磨效果而点状防滑层则具有较高的太阳光的透射率。
如图3所示,本实施例用EKO MP170采集了光伏地板砖样品的典型I-V曲线和P-V曲线。当太阳辐射是960W/m2时,最大输出功率是20.5W。
如图4所示,本实施例中展示了样品在某一天12点到1点的发电量和太阳辐射的变化曲线。可以看出,两者的变化曲线吻合得很好。当天的太阳辐射波动比较大,在200-800W/m2之间,相应的发电量在5-20W之间,计算得出的整个光伏地板砖的发电效率在10%左右。
本地板砖不仅可以作为建筑材料安装在地面或者建筑的立面外墙上,还可以输出绿色电能储存于蓄电池中给周边用电器使用或者将产生电力并入电网从而减小电网压力。地板砖所有部件都在生产厂家预制完成,工艺简单,成本低廉,是一种节能环保绿色的新型建材,在美化环境的同时能够合理开发利用开阔地面的太阳能资源,在市场上将有广泛的应用前景,可以广泛应用于开阔地面或者建筑立面外墙(比如公园、步行街、商业广场、生活小区、滨河走廊等)。
上述具体实施可由本领域技术人员在不背离本发明原理和宗旨的前提下以不同的方式对其进行局部调整,本发明的保护范围以权利要求书为准且不由上述具体实施所限,在其范围内的各个实现方案均受本发明之约束。

Claims (5)

1.一种太阳能光伏地板砖的制备方法,其特征在于,将两块强度足够的钢化玻璃分别作为支撑底板和防滑耐磨面板,将太阳能光伏电池片通过串并联组合之后夹在支撑底板和防滑耐磨面板之间,并在间隙处敷设透明胶膜、在支撑底板和防滑耐磨面板的四周粘附透明密封胶后实现制备。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征是,所述的透明胶膜,通过以下方式实现敷设:先覆盖PVB膜于光伏电池片和支撑底板和防滑耐磨面板之间,再对其进行加热融化,使PVB完全填充间隙。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征是,所述的太阳能光伏电池片,通过光伏焊带,由铜作为基材,在其表面涂上锡层。
4.一种根据上述任一权利要求所述方法植被得到的太阳能光伏地板砖,其特征在于,包括:依次粘接的防滑耐磨钢化玻璃面板、前胶膜、太阳能电池片、后胶膜、钢化玻璃底板;
所述的防滑耐磨钢化玻璃面板上设有防滑耐磨层;
所述的太阳能电池片为单晶硅、多晶硅或者对温度不敏感的非晶硅材料,太阳能电池片通过导线输出电源,对应所述的太阳能光伏地板砖的侧面设有过线槽以引出导线并从地下接入逆变器或者控制器以接入城市电网。
5.根据权利要求4所述的太阳能光伏地板砖,其特征是,所述的太阳能电池片为若干单晶硅太阳能电池单元串联组成。
CN201811357441.1A 2018-11-15 2018-11-15 太阳能光伏地板砖 Pending CN109545874A (zh)

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Cited By (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111576783A (zh) * 2020-05-27 2020-08-25 台州知通科技有限公司 室内低形变光伏地板

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