CN109544893B - Low-noise real-time wireless data acquisition system suitable for civil structure monitoring - Google Patents
Low-noise real-time wireless data acquisition system suitable for civil structure monitoring Download PDFInfo
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- CN109544893B CN109544893B CN201910020789.XA CN201910020789A CN109544893B CN 109544893 B CN109544893 B CN 109544893B CN 201910020789 A CN201910020789 A CN 201910020789A CN 109544893 B CN109544893 B CN 109544893B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08C—TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASURED VALUES, CONTROL OR SIMILAR SIGNALS
- G08C17/00—Arrangements for transmitting signals characterised by the use of a wireless electrical link
- G08C17/02—Arrangements for transmitting signals characterised by the use of a wireless electrical link using a radio link
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
- H04W4/30—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes
- H04W4/38—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for collecting sensor information
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
Abstract
The invention provides a low-noise real-time wireless data acquisition system suitable for civil structure monitoring, which comprises a wireless data collection unit, a base station unit, a command unit and a data acquisition configuration module, wherein the wireless data collection unit is connected with the base station unit; the command unit is connected with the data acquisition configuration module; the wireless data collection unit and the base station unit corresponding to the wireless data collection unit form an acquisition link; the data acquisition configuration module receives and stores acquisition data through an acquisition link and draws the acquisition data in real time; the data acquisition configuration module issues a command through an acquisition link to switch the running state of the wireless data collection unit; the invention can be used for making up the gap between the traditional wireless sensor and the dense low-power consumption wireless sensor network which is generally pursued at present, and can realize the high-power efficiency, low-noise data acquisition, real-time and lossless data transmission performance of the structural monitoring system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of signal monitoring and acquisition, in particular to a low-noise real-time wireless data acquisition system suitable for civil structure monitoring.
Background
Structural monitoring is an essential component of structural health monitoring systems. It consists of a sensing subsystem deployed on the structure and a data acquisition subsystem capable of collecting data from the sensors. The traditional and practical sensor data acquisition method adopts a centralized wired acquisition system and has the characteristics of high reliability, high signal fidelity and the like. However, the cost of the cable itself and its installation is high. Therefore, wireless sensor technology is rising and rapidly developing to replace wired sensors. Wireless sensors still suffer from some common limitations compared to traditional wired sensors, such as limited power capability of the battery, limited bandwidth, unreliable radio communications, and high noise floor. In order to make up the gap between the traditional wireless sensor and the dense low-power consumption wireless sensor network generally pursued at present, the invention develops and introduces a low-noise real-time wireless data acquisition system suitable for monitoring a civil structure in detail. In the system design, the characteristics of flexible sensor interface, high power efficiency, low noise data acquisition and real-time and lossless data transmission are realized through four technologies, and the characteristics are respectively as follows: firstly, a flexible sensor interface is realized through a plurality of adjustable power supply outputs and differential signal inputs; secondly, the multi-channel method can realize real-time data transmission; thirdly, the low noise design of the data acquisition circuit (adopting a low noise LDO voltage stabilizer, separating digital from analog, filtering by an LC filter) is based on the oversampling and average filtering method of direct memory access, and the high-quality data acquisition can be realized by adopting a high-resolution analog-to-digital conversion module; fourth, the reliable wireless communication mode is based on an ACK-RETRIES mechanism, and a packet sequence number checking mechanism.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a low-noise real-time wireless data acquisition system suitable for civil structure monitoring, which can be used for making up the gap between a traditional wireless sensor and a dense low-power wireless sensor network which is generally pursued at present, and can realize high-power efficiency, low-noise data acquisition, real-time and lossless data transmission performance of a structure monitoring system.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme.
The low-noise real-time wireless data acquisition system suitable for civil structure monitoring comprises a wireless data collection unit, a base station unit, a command unit and a data acquisition configuration module; the command unit is connected with the data acquisition configuration module; the wireless data collection unit and the base station unit corresponding to the wireless data collection unit form an acquisition link; the data acquisition configuration module receives and stores acquisition data through an acquisition link and draws the acquisition data in real time; the data acquisition configuration module issues a command via an acquisition link to switch the operating state of the wireless data collection unit.
The wireless data collection unit is a hardware device containing firmware; the wireless data collection unit comprises a microprocessor and wireless communication module based on a CC2430 chip, a storage module based on an FM25L256 chip, a signal conditioning module based on an LTC6915 chip, an analog-to-digital conversion module based on an ADS8343 chip, a power management module, a sensor interface module and a battery module; the firmware of the wireless data collection unit can enable the wireless data collection unit to operate under the working conditions of sleep, wake-up and data collection, and optimize the power consumption of the wireless data collection unit by defining three operation states and closing unnecessary hardware modules, realize high sampling rate with low CPU intervention by adopting a data collection scheme based on direct memory access, realize noise reduction based on an oversampling and averaging method, and realize lossless wireless data transmission in a reliable communication mode combined with a check data packet sequence number scheme.
The base station unit is a hardware device containing firmware; the hardware main body part of the base station unit comprises three IC chips of LM1117, FT232RL and CC 2430; the firmware of the base unit may implement both wireless and wired communication functions of the base unit.
The data acquisition configuration module comprises a real-time data drawing interface and a system configuration interface.
The wireless data collection unit collects data of a monitoring target structure through a sensor connected with the wireless data collection unit; when data acquisition is carried out, the wireless data collection unit packages data acquired by the sensor into a data packet through an analog-to-digital converter; the base station unit transmits the data packet sent by the wireless data collection unit to the data acquisition configuration module through USB virtual serial port communication; the data acquisition configuration module writes the received data packet into a TXT file and draws the data.
The acquisition link is provided with a private data channel and a public command channel in the wireless data collection unit; in the continuous data acquisition period, the wireless data collection unit works by depending on a private data channel of the wireless data collection unit; when the wireless data collection unit does not conduct data collection, the wireless data collection unit obtains a start data collection broadcast command or a configuration command of the command unit from the public command channel.
The wireless communication link of the acquisition system works according to 16 frequency bands used by IEEE802.15.4 in 2.4G frequency bands, and the acquisition system comprises a plurality of groups of acquisition links comprising a wireless data acquisition unit and a base station unit; in the wireless communication links of the acquisition system, the working frequency bands of different acquisition links are different, so that all wireless data collection units can transmit data simultaneously.
The wireless data collection unit interfaces with the sensor with a sensor interface of an adjustable power supply output and a differential signal input.
The wireless data collection unit and the sensor group are provided with a data collection circuit; the data acquisition circuit is a low-noise circuit adopting a low-noise LDO voltage stabilizer, a digital and analog separation circuit design and an LC filter filtering design; the low noise circuit has a low noise ground structure.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention makes up the gap between the traditional wireless sensor and the current generally pursued dense low-power consumption wireless sensor network, and realizes the high-power efficiency, low-noise data acquisition, real-time and lossless data transmission performance of the structural monitoring system.
Drawings
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawings and detailed description:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system architecture of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram of a wireless data collection unit of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram of a power management module;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a grounding structure of the data acquisition circuit of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the hardware principle of the base station;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an interactive interface of the data acquisition configuration module;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a system configuration interface of the data acquisition configuration module;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of data collected by a wireless data collection unit;
FIG. 9 is another schematic diagram of data collected by the wireless data collection unit;
FIG. 10 is a wireless data acquisition unit state transition diagram;
FIG. 11 is a block diagram of DMA-based data acquisition and noise reduction for a wireless data collection unit;
FIG. 12 is a diagram of DMA-based data acquisition by a base station;
in the figure: 1-a sensor; 2-a wireless data collection unit; 3-base station units; 4-USB virtual serial port communication; 5-a data acquisition configuration module; 6-command unit.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1-12, a low-noise real-time wireless data acquisition system suitable for monitoring a civil structure comprises a wireless data collection unit 2, a base station unit 3, a command unit 6 and a data acquisition configuration module 5; the command unit is connected with the data acquisition configuration module; the wireless data collection unit and the base station unit corresponding to the wireless data collection unit form an acquisition link; the data acquisition configuration module receives and stores acquisition data through an acquisition link and draws the acquisition data in real time; the data acquisition configuration module issues a command via an acquisition link to switch the operating state of the wireless data collection unit.
The wireless data collection unit is a hardware device containing firmware; the wireless data collection unit comprises a microprocessor and wireless communication module based on a CC2430 chip, a storage module based on an FM25L256 chip, a signal conditioning module based on an LTC6915 chip, an analog-to-digital conversion module based on an ADS8343 chip, a power management module, a sensor interface module and a battery module; the firmware of the wireless data collection unit can enable the wireless data collection unit to operate under the working conditions of sleep, wake-up and data collection, and optimize the power consumption of the wireless data collection unit by defining three operation states and closing unnecessary hardware modules, realize high sampling rate with low CPU intervention by adopting a data collection scheme based on direct memory access, realize noise reduction based on an oversampling and averaging method, and realize lossless wireless data transmission in a reliable communication mode combined with a check data packet sequence number scheme.
The base station unit is a hardware device containing firmware; the hardware main body part of the base station unit comprises three IC chips of LM1117, FT232RL and CC 2430; the firmware of the base unit may implement both wireless and wired communication functions of the base unit.
The data acquisition configuration module comprises a real-time data drawing interface and a system configuration interface.
The wireless data collection unit collects data of a monitoring target structure through a sensor 1 connected with the wireless data collection unit; when data acquisition is carried out, the wireless data collection unit packages data acquired by the sensor into a data packet through an analog-to-digital converter; the base station unit sends the data packet sent by the wireless data collection unit to the data acquisition configuration module through the USB virtual serial port communication 4; the data acquisition configuration module writes the received data packet into a TXT file and draws the data.
The acquisition link is provided with a private data channel and a public command channel in the wireless data collection unit; in the continuous data acquisition period, the wireless data collection unit works by depending on a private data channel of the wireless data collection unit; when the wireless data collection unit does not conduct data collection, the wireless data collection unit obtains a start data collection broadcast command or a configuration command of the command unit from the public command channel.
The wireless communication link of the acquisition system works according to 16 frequency bands used by IEEE802.15.4 in 2.4G frequency bands, and the acquisition system comprises a plurality of groups of acquisition links comprising a wireless data acquisition unit and a base station unit; in the wireless communication links of the acquisition system, the working frequency bands of different acquisition links are different, so that all wireless data collection units can transmit data simultaneously.
The wireless data collection unit interfaces with the sensor with a sensor interface of an adjustable power supply output and a differential signal input.
The wireless data collection unit and the sensor group are provided with a data collection circuit; the data acquisition circuit is a low-noise circuit adopting a low-noise LDO voltage stabilizer, a digital and analog separation circuit design and an LC filter filtering design; the low noise circuit has a low noise ground structure.
In this example, the wireless data collection unit hardware is composed of six modules: the system comprises a calculation-storage-wireless communication module, a signal conditioning module, an analog-to-digital converter module, a power management module, a sensor interface module and a battery module. The detailed description is as follows:
1) Calculation-storage-wireless communication module: consists of CC2430 and FM25L256, and is connected through an SPI interface.
2) And a signal conditioning module: the function of the sensor is to adapt the sensor signal to the input of the analog-to-digital conversion module, which consists of three parts, an AC/DC coupling, an anti-aliasing filter and a programmable amplifier. (1) In the AC coupling configuration, an RC high pass filter is used, with a cut-off frequency of 0.02Hz. In a DC-coupled configuration, the capacitor of the RC filter is shorted by a jumper. (2) After the AC/DC circuit there is a simple RC low-pass anti-aliasing filter to attenuate frequency components above the nyquist frequency, the cut-off frequency of the filter being 79.6Hz. (3) The programmable amplifier employs a digital programmable instrumentation amplifier LTC6915, with the gain of the LTC6915 configured through the SPI interface. With digitally programmable functions, the user can remotely alter the gain as desired.
3) And the analog-to-digital conversion module is used for: ADS8343 is adopted, which is a 16-bit analog-to-digital conversion module with 4 single-ended channels, the maximum sampling frequency is 100 KHz, and the output data is in a two-by-two complementary code format.
4) And a power management module: as shown in fig. 4, the high power efficiency is achieved by using two kinds of linear regulators, i.e., a DC-DC switching regulator and a Low Dropout (LDO) linear regulator, which have low quiescent current and high conversion efficiency, and in addition, other regulators except for the LDO with a CC2430 power supply of 3.3V may be turned off by an electronic switch based on PMOS transistor AO 3401. By providing a number of power outputs (including + -5V and + -12V), a high degree of flexibility in meeting the power requirements of different sensors may be achieved. In order to achieve low noise data acquisition, the power supply of the sensor, the signal conditioning module and the analog-to-digital conversion module should have low noise. To reduce noise, two measures are employed. As shown in fig. 4, the first measure is to use an LC low pass filter after the switching regulator. The second measure is to use a low noise LDO after switching the regulator. Furthermore, digital circuits, in particular radio transceivers, may introduce noise into the signal conditioning module through a power coupling. Thus, the LC low pass filter is placed before the power supply of the digital circuit, i.e., + 3.3V LDO. To further reduce noise introduced by the digital circuitry, the grounds of the analog and digital circuitry should be separated and connected at a point, such as a battery ground. As shown in fig. 5, two zero ohm resistors are used to separate the two grounds.
5) Sensor interface module: connectors for external sensors are provided, as shown in FIG. 3, comprising 4 differential analog signal inputs and power outputs (+ -5V and + -12V-adj). The inside of the device is connected with the signal conditioning module and the power management module.
6) A battery module: the battery consists of a lithium ion polymer battery with +3.7V and 5000mAh capacity, the voltage of the battery is directly reported to a microcontroller, and the microcontroller can prevent the battery from being damaged due to the over-discharge phenomenon by detecting the low state of the battery.
In this example, the firmware of the wireless data collection unit may enable the wireless data collection unit to operate in three operating states of sleep, wake-up and data collection, and the state transition is shown in fig. 10.
1) Sleep state: only the microcontroller and the radio transceiver are powered on, while the other analog circuits are powered off. In this state the microcontroller is mainly in power consumption mode 2 and the radio transceiver is mainly in idle state, consuming only 0.6 mua of current. The microcontroller periodically wakes up to send short poll packets to the corresponding base station units in its dedicated frequency channel.
2) Wake-up state: all hardware modules are powered on and switch the communication channel to the common command channel and wait for a start data acquisition command from their base station.
3) Data acquisition state: the wireless data collection unit samples at a specified rate and packages the sampled data into a long data packet. The data packets should be as long as possible in view of communication overhead, so that the average power consumption of 1-bit data can be reduced.
In this example, the firmware of the wireless data collection unit employs a Direct Memory Access (DMA) based data acquisition scheme to achieve high sample rates with low microcontroller intervention, as shown in fig. 11. Because the ADS8343 interface is compatible with a standard Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI), ADS8343 may be indirectly accessed through an SPI peripheral internal to CC 2430. Thus, the sampling operation becomes writing commands to the SPI write buffer and reading data from the SPI read buffer. This operation can be done by the DMA controller with little microcontroller intervention. Since the transfer of commands and data is synchronous, two DMA channels are required. One DMA channel is to move commands from a memory buffer ("command buffer") to an SPI write buffer, and the other DMA channel is to read data from an SPI read buffer to a memory buffer ("data buffer").
In this example, the wireless transmission of the base station unit is in a simple unreliable mode.
In this example, the wired transmission of the base station unit employs a direct memory access based data acquisition scheme to achieve high sample rates with low microcontroller intervention, as shown in fig. 12. The DMA channel 1 is used to move data from a specified data buffer to a write buffer of the peripheral serial port, while the DMA channel 2 is used to move commands from a read buffer of the peripheral serial port to a specified command buffer.
In this example, the data acquisition configuration module includes a real-time data drawing interface and a system configuration interface, the data acquisition configuration module includes data acquisition and configuration software running on a computer, and the data acquisition and configuration software develops two graphical user interfaces by using a Matlab graphical user interface DE tool to implement real-time data drawing and system configuration.
As shown in the figure, the interactive interface of the data acquisition and configuration software comprises the steps of starting or stopping data acquisition, setting the number of data packets acquired by the wireless data acquisition unit, drawing acquired data in real time, switching on/off a sensor power supply, selecting files for storing data and parameters, and switching the state of the wireless data acquisition unit. The Received Signal Strength (RSS) and Packet Reception Rate (PRR) of each wireless data collection unit are also shown and updated under each figure.
Virtual serial ports created by corresponding base station units can be selected and opened through a system configuration interface, and the address, frequency channel and transmission power of each base station unit are set. The address, the data channel, the command channel and the transmission power of each wireless data collection unit can be configured through unicast, and the sampling period and the input channel gain can be configured through unicast or broadcast.
In this example, the computer of the data acquisition configuration module uses the USB hub to expand the number of USB ports in the computer, so that the computer can receive the acquired data transmitted by the plurality of base station units through the USB virtual serial port.
Examples:
test 1: verification is performed by a known signal. The signal generator is used to generate a number of known signals which are then sent to the wireless data collection unit and acquired by the acquisition system of the present invention. To fully evaluate the performance of the wireless data collection unit, experiments were performed using 9 signals of small, medium, and large amplitude (20 mV, 1V, 2V) and low, medium, and high frequency (1 Hz, 5Hz, 10 Hz), respectively. The obtained data is shown in a data schematic diagram acquired by the wireless data acquisition unit in fig. 8, and the quality and the accuracy of data acquisition can be higher through comparison with the original signal of the signal generator.
Test 2: resolution and noise floor. The wireless data collection unit uses a 16-bit analog-to-digital conversion module, outputs the data into a two-by-two complementary code format, and has a reference voltage of 2.048V and a resolution of 62.5 mu V. The noise floor of the wireless data collection unit can be as low as 0.1mV depending on the oversampling factor, as shown in fig. 9, where the noise floor is plotted for 5 different oversampling factors (1, 2, 4, 8, 16), it can be observed that the noise amplitude decreases as the oversampling factor increases, and vice versa. When the oversampling factor is 1, the noise amplitude is about 0.4mV. When the oversampling factor is 16, the noise amplitude is about 0.1mV.
The foregoing is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and all changes made according to the technical solution of the present invention are included in the protection scope of the present invention when the generated functional effects do not exceed the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A low-noise real-time wireless data acquisition system suitable for civil structure monitoring is characterized in that: the acquisition system comprises a wireless data collection unit, a base station unit, a command unit and a data acquisition configuration module; the command unit is connected with the data acquisition configuration module; the wireless data collection unit and the base station unit corresponding to the wireless data collection unit form an acquisition link; the data acquisition configuration module receives and stores acquisition data through an acquisition link and draws the acquisition data in real time; the data acquisition configuration module issues a command through an acquisition link to switch the running state of the wireless data collection unit;
the wireless data collection unit comprises a microprocessor, a wireless communication module, a storage module, a signal conditioning module, an analog-to-digital conversion module, a power management module, a sensor interface module and a battery module;
the wireless data collection unit is a hardware device containing firmware;
the firmware of the wireless data collection unit enables the wireless data collection unit to work in three operation states of sleeping, waking up and data collection,
sleep state: only the power of the microprocessor and the radio transceiver is turned on, while the power of the other analog circuits is turned off; in this state, the microcontroller is mainly in a power consumption mode, the radio transceiver is mainly in an idle state, and the microcontroller periodically wakes up to send short poll packets to the respective base station units in its dedicated frequency channel;
wake-up state: the power supplies of all hardware modules are turned on, the communication channels are switched to a common command channel, and the initial data acquisition command from the base station is waited;
data acquisition state: the wireless data collection unit samples at a specified rate and packages the sampled data into a long data packet which should be as long as possible within an allowable range in order to reduce communication overhead;
the wireless data collection unit collects data of a monitoring target structure through a sensor connected with the wireless data collection unit; when data acquisition is carried out, the wireless data collection unit packages data acquired by the sensor into a data packet through an analog-to-digital converter; the base station unit transmits the data packet sent by the wireless data collection unit to the data acquisition configuration module through USB virtual serial port communication; the data acquisition configuration module writes the received data packet into a TXT file and draws the data;
the wireless data collection unit interfaces with the sensor with a sensor interface of an adjustable power supply output and a differential signal input.
2. A low noise real time wireless data acquisition system suitable for civil structure monitoring as defined in claim 1, wherein: the wireless data collection unit comprises a microprocessor and wireless communication module based on a CC2430 chip, a storage module based on an FM25L256 chip, a signal conditioning module based on an LTC6915 chip, an analog-to-digital conversion module based on an ADS8343 chip, a power management module, a sensor interface module and a battery module; the firmware of the wireless data collection unit can enable the wireless data collection unit to operate under the working conditions of sleep, wake-up and data collection, and optimize the power consumption of the wireless data collection unit by defining three operation states and closing unnecessary hardware modules, realize high sampling rate with low CPU intervention by adopting a data collection scheme based on direct memory access, realize noise reduction based on an oversampling and averaging method, and realize lossless wireless data transmission in a reliable communication mode combined with a check data packet sequence number scheme.
3. A low noise real time wireless data acquisition system suitable for civil structure monitoring as defined in claim 1, wherein: the base station unit is a hardware device containing firmware; the hardware main body part of the base station unit comprises three IC chips of LM1117, FT232RL and CC 2430; the firmware of the base unit may implement both wireless and wired communication functions of the base unit.
4. A low noise real time wireless data acquisition system suitable for civil structure monitoring as defined in claim 1, wherein: the data acquisition configuration module comprises a real-time data drawing interface and a system configuration interface.
5. A low noise real time wireless data acquisition system suitable for civil structure monitoring as defined in claim 1, wherein: the acquisition link is provided with a private data channel and a public command channel in the wireless data collection unit; in the continuous data acquisition period, the wireless data collection unit works by depending on a private data channel of the wireless data collection unit; when the wireless data collection unit does not conduct data collection, the wireless data collection unit obtains a start data collection broadcast command or a configuration command of the command unit from the public command channel.
6. A low noise real time wireless data acquisition system suitable for civil structure monitoring as defined in claim 1, wherein: the wireless communication link of the acquisition system works according to 16 frequency bands used by IEEE802.15.4 in 2.4G frequency bands, and the acquisition system comprises a plurality of groups of acquisition links comprising a wireless data acquisition unit and a base station unit; in the wireless communication links of the acquisition system, the working frequency bands of different acquisition links are different, so that all wireless data collection units can transmit data simultaneously.
7. A low noise real time wireless data acquisition system suitable for civil structure monitoring as defined in claim 1, wherein: the wireless data collection unit and the sensor group are provided with a data collection circuit; the data acquisition circuit is a low-noise circuit adopting a low-noise LDO voltage stabilizer, a digital and analog separation circuit design and an LC filter filtering design; the low noise circuit has a low noise ground structure.
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