CN109541514B - Calibration control device and calibration device for small coil turn area for magnetic moment measurement - Google Patents
Calibration control device and calibration device for small coil turn area for magnetic moment measurement Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
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Abstract
A calibration control device for a small coil turn area for magnetic moment measurement and a calibration control device for the same, comprising: the device comprises a base mechanism, a motion adjusting mechanism and a supporting mechanism which are arranged from bottom to top, wherein a motor, a rotating shaft and a mercury slip ring are arranged above the supporting mechanism; two ends of the rotating shaft are respectively connected with the motor output shaft and the mercury slip ring; a coil fixing plate comprising a counter bore and a guide groove is arranged in the rotating shaft, and a coil is placed in the counter bore and led out through the guide groove and a mercury slip ring; the motor is fixed on the supporting mechanism through a motor bracket; the rotating shaft is fixed with the bearing bracket, and the bearing bracket passes through the supporting mechanism to be fixed on the motion adjusting mechanism. The calibration device comprises a calibration control device, a pair of permanent magnets, a nuclear magnetic resonance magnetometer, a voltmeter and a frequency meter; the N pole of one permanent magnet is opposite to the S pole of the other permanent magnet; the calibrated coil and the rotating shaft are arranged between the N pole and the S pole, and the nuclear magnetic resonance magnetometer is arranged at one side close to the N pole; the voltmeter and the frequency meter are respectively connected with the mercury slip ring.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of permanent magnetic moment measurement, and particularly relates to a calibration control device and a calibration device for a small coil turn area for magnetic moment measurement.
Background
Helmholtz coils were designed by the german scientist in 1849. The helmholtz coil is typically formed by a pair of circular coils connected in series in the same direction to produce a uniform magnetic field of relatively low strength and large range. The calibrated helmholtz coil, coupled with a calibrated magnetic flux integrator, can be used for accurate measurement of magnetic moment.
Fig. 1 shows an open circuit measuring device of a helmholtz coil. The whole set is placed in a non-ferromagnetic environment, for example: placed on a wooden table. As shown, the magnet is placed in the center of the coil (the homogeneous region) during measurement, and the magnetization of the magnet is in the x-axis direction, i.e., parallel to the axis of the coil. The two coil signals connected in series are directly transmitted to the magnetometer. After the zero point of the fluxgate is adjusted, the magnet is moved out of the coil so that the magnet is parallel to the coil axis. The distance removed is typically 75-100 cm, which is done so that the sample has no effect on the reading. The open magnetic moment of the sample can be obtained by integrating the voltage with respect to time (magnetic flux). Another measurement method is to rotate the sample 180 degrees without taking the sample out, so that the generated voltage will be 2 times the original, and the coil constant will be 1/2 of the original.
Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a method of measuring the permanent magnetic moment of a magnetic flux integrator + helmholtz coil,
when a magnetized sample is pulled from a Helmholtz coil, the magnetic dipole moment of the sample can be determined by:
j＝Δφ/k h (1.1)
wherein: j is a magnetic dipole moment in Wei Bami (Wb.m); k (k) h The ratio kh=h/I of the magnetic field strength to the current, in amperes per meter per ampere (a/m/a), is the helmholtz coil constant; delta phi is the magnetic flux variation when the sample rotates or is pulled out in the detection coil, and the unit is Weber (Wb); h is the magnetic field strength in amperes per meter (A/m); i is the current intensity, and the unit is ampere (A);
when the sample is rotated 180 ° at the center of the detection coil, equation (1) evolves:
J＝ΔΦ/2k h (1.2)
the magnetic flux integrator measures the magnetic flux by measuring the change in induced voltage generated during the rotation of the sample in the detection coil or the drawing out of the sample. The flux integrator may be calibrated using standard mutual inductance or volt-second generators.
The helmholtz coil needs to be calibrated before use. The helmholtz coil should ensure that its uniform area covers the shape and volume of the sample to be measured. Coil constant (magnetic field strength to current strength ratio) k of helmholtz coil h By measuring the current flowing through the coilAnd measuring the magnetic field intensity of the coil center by using a magnetic field detection device. Because the current intensity is easy to realize high-precision measurement, the technical difficulty of the conventional Helmholtz coil calibration method is mainly concentrated on the accurate measurement of the magnetic field intensity at the center of the coil. The calibration method of the helmholtz coil can be classified into a direct current method and an alternating current method. The direct current method is to make the Helmholtz coil pass through constant direct current, measure the central magnetic field of the coil by using a direct current magnetic field measuring instrument, and calculate the coil constant from the magnetic field and the measured value of the current. Because the field generated by the helmholtz coil is very small, the field is generally about (10-100) Gs under the allowable current, and at this time, the geomagnetic field, stray field and zero point of a measuring instrument all bring great influence, and the uncertainty of calibration is generally about 0.3%. More critical is that the running water type nuclear magnetic resonance magnetometer, the electron spin resonance magnetometer and other instruments suitable for direct current method calibration cannot be purchased in the market. Thus, ac methods are currently being used to calibrate helmholtz coils.
The alternating current method is to apply a constant sine wave current to the Helmholtz coil, and accurately measure the induction voltage of the small coil by placing the small coil with a known turn area in the center of the Helmholtz coil, so as to calculate the coil constant, which is shown in a formula (1.3). From equation (1.3), it can be seen that k h Derived from voltage, current, frequency and small coil turn area, where current and frequency can be accurately determined. Therefore, the key factors for ac calibration are uncertainty of the small coil NS and whether the voltage effective value signal under the influence of the spatial stray field can be accurately determined.
U rms ＝2πf·NS·μ 0 ·k h ·I rms (1.3)
Wherein: u (U) rms Inducing voltage for the small coil; f is the frequency of the signal source; NS is the small coil turn area; mu (mu) 0 Is a magnetic constant; k (k) h Is a helmholtz coil constant; i rms Is the current flowing through the helmholtz coil.
There are two conventional means of calibrating the coil constant, one is by impact in the solenoid and the other is by flipping or pulling the coil in a uniform field.
A small constant coil (NS is less than or equal to 100cm < 2 >) precision measuring device. The measuring principle of the device is mainly based on the law of electromagnetic induction:
wherein NS is the coil constant (m 2); Δb is the amount of change (T) in the magnetic induction in the coil; e is the induced potential (V) in the coil;
if the induced potential e is v/f converted, there are:wherein K is a V/f conversion constant (V/Hz); c is the count value obtained by sending the frequency signal output by the v/f converter into the counter.
Since the rotating coil is selected to change the magnetic field, hall effect steady-state is used in the test, NMR is used for magnetic field monitoring, so equation (1.7) can be rewritten as:
according to figure l, the measuring coil is placed in the center of the magnetic field, the coil rotates 180 degrees in the horizontal direction under the control of the rotary controller, the induced potential in the coil is amplified photoelectrically, the V/f conversion is sent to the counter for counting, and finally the measuring result is calculated according to the formula (1.8).
However, the method is not separated from an integrator, and the uncertainty of the current integrator is difficult to be better than 0.1%, so that the uncertainty of the turn area is about 0.2% under the best condition, the calibration capability of an electromagnetic station of a metering hospital is 0.16% -0.33%, and the uncertainty of the calibration cannot meet the requirements of some technical indexes.
Disclosure of Invention
Object of the invention
The invention aims to provide a calibration control device and a calibration device for measuring a small coil turn area (NS) by a rotating method based on a high-uniformity permanent magnet standard field.
(II) technical scheme
To solve the above problems, a first aspect of the present invention provides a calibration control device for a small coil turn area for magnetic moment measurement, comprising: the device comprises a base mechanism, a motion adjusting mechanism and a supporting mechanism which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, wherein a motor, a rotating shaft and a mercury slip ring are arranged above the supporting mechanism; one end of the rotating shaft is connected with an output shaft of the motor, and the other end of the rotating shaft is connected with the mercury slip ring; a coil fixing plate is arranged in the rotating shaft and comprises a counter bore and a guide groove, and a coil is placed in the counter bore and led out through the guide groove and the mercury slip ring; the motor is fixed on the supporting mechanism through a motor bracket; the rotating shaft is fixed with the bearing support, and the bearing support penetrates through the supporting mechanism to be fixed on the motion adjusting mechanism.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a calibration device for measuring a small coil turn area for magnetic moment, comprising a calibration control device, further comprising: a pair of permanent magnets, a nuclear magnetic resonance magnetometer, a voltmeter and a frequency meter; the N pole of one permanent magnet is opposite to the S pole of the other permanent magnet; the calibrated small coil and the rotating shaft are positioned between the N pole and the S pole, and the nuclear magnetic resonance magnetometer is arranged at one side close to the N pole; the voltmeter and the frequency meter are respectively connected with a mercury slip ring.
(III) beneficial effects
The technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial technical effects: the small coil NS is calibrated by adopting a method of continuously rotating the coil in a uniform field, the uniform field adopts a high-uniformity standard magnetic field made of permanent magnets, the magnetic field strength is about 3500Oe, a high-rotating-speed stability motor is used for driving the coil to rotate at a fixed frequency in the uniform field, the rotation frequency is ensured to be stable, and the small coil NS can be accurately determined by measuring the induced voltage and the frequency by using a voltmeter.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the principle of measuring the permanent magnetic moment of a magnetic flux integrator+Helmholtz coil in the prior art;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a calibration control device for measuring small coil turn areas for magnetic moment according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the external structure of a calibration control device for measuring the small coil turn area of a magnetic moment according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of a base mechanism in a calibration control device for measuring the area of a small coil turn for measuring magnetic moment according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a structure in which a rotating shaft and a motor are mounted on a supporting platform in a calibration control device for measuring small coil turn areas for magnetic moment according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a motion plate in a calibration control device for measuring small coil turn areas for magnetic moment according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a support mechanism in a calibration control device for measuring small coil turn areas for magnetic moment according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a coil fixing plate in a calibration control device for measuring the small coil turn area of a magnetic moment according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a calibration device for measuring small coil turn areas for magnetic moment according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a graph of the field design uniformity region for a permanent magnet in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
1: a base mechanism; 11: an aluminum alloy frame; 12: reinforcing ribs; 13: a work table; 14: a transition plate connecting plate; 2: a motion adjustment mechanism; 21: a fixed bracket; 22: a motion plate; 221: a positioning mechanism; 2211: positioning holes; 2212: positioning edges; 222: a weight reduction groove; 23: a fixed base; 24: a precision manual angular stage; 3: a support mechanism; 31: a support platform; 32: a support column; 33: permanent magnet standard field cushion blocks; 4: a motor; 5: a rotating shaft; 51: a right rotating shaft; 52: a rotation shaft; 53: a left rotating shaft; 6: a mercury slip ring; 7: a coil fixing plate; 71: countersink; 72: a guide groove; 721: a first guide groove; 722: a second guide groove; 8: a motor bracket; 9: a bearing support; 10: and a protective cover.
Detailed Description
The objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent by the following detailed description of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the description is only illustrative and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. In addition, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted so as not to unnecessarily obscure the present invention.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, a calibration control device for measuring magnetic moment with small coil turn area includes: the device comprises a base mechanism 1, a motion adjusting mechanism 2 and a supporting mechanism 3 which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, wherein a motor 4, a rotating shaft 5 and a mercury slip ring 6 are arranged above the supporting mechanism 3; one end of the rotating shaft 5 is connected with an output shaft of the motor 4, and the other end is connected with the mercury slip ring 6; a coil fixing plate 7 is arranged in the rotating shaft 5, the coil fixing plate 7 comprises a counter bore 71 and a guide groove 72, the counter bore 71 is used for placing a coil, and the guide groove 72 and the mercury slip ring 6 are used for leading out the coil; the motor 4 is fixed on the supporting mechanism 3 through a motor bracket 8; the rotating shaft 5 is fixed with the bearing bracket 9, and the bearing bracket 9 passes through the supporting mechanism 3 to be fixed on the motion adjusting mechanism 2.
As shown in fig. 4, the base unit 1 includes: the aluminum alloy frame 11, the aluminum alloy frame includes two rectangular frames of parallel arrangement, 4 broadsides of two rectangular frames are the stand, adopt four strengthening ribs 12 of parallel arrangement to connect between two base of two rectangular frames, and the topside and the base of at least one rectangular frame adopt strengthening rib 12 to connect, are provided with the level respectively in the bottom of four stand and adjust the truckle, but four level are adjusted the truckle combination and are used bearing 500kg, possess the universal wheel function. The workbench 13 and the transition plate connecting plate 14 are sequentially arranged on the upper surface of the aluminum alloy frame from bottom to top, the level of the workbench on the upper surface of the aluminum alloy frame can be adjusted through the rotation of the nuts arranged on the level adjusting casters, the effect of fixing the workbench is achieved, and the workbench material is made of aluminum alloy material and is blackened. The workbench is processed on a processing center, stress removal heat treatment is carried out after rough machining, and the later deformation caused by stress generated during machining after the workbench is machined is reduced; and then the fine machining is finished by once again clamping and once positioning, so that the planeness of the upper plane of the base is ensured to be 0.05 millimeter. The workbench is connected with the aluminum alloy frame by copper screws.
As shown in fig. 5, the movement adjusting mechanism 2 includes: two fixed brackets 21, a moving plate 22, a fixed base 23 and a precise manual angular table 24; the two fixed brackets 21 are respectively arranged at two sides below the supporting mechanism 3, and the two fixed brackets 21 are connected through a moving plate 22; a fixed base 23 and a precision manual angular table 24 are provided at the intermediate position of the support mechanism 3. The precise manual angular platform 24 provides small-angle rotation adjustment, is driven by a precise worm gear pair, and is precise in positioning and locked by a hand wheel. Angular range: 10 °, minimum reading: 5', minimum scale: 1 deg..
Wherein, the bottoms of two fixed brackets 21 and fixed base 23 are fixed on the transition plate connecting plate 14 of the base mechanism 1, and the motion plate 22 can be adjusted to move up and down along two fixed bases 23 by the precise manual angular platform 24, thereby driving the rotating shaft 5 above the supporting mechanism 3 to move up and down and adjusting the position thereof.
In addition, as shown in fig. 6, 3 positioning mechanisms 221 are provided on the moving plate 22, and the positioning mechanisms 221 include positioning holes 2211 and positioning sides 2212 provided on the sides of the positioning holes 2211; the 3 positioning holes 2211 are respectively used for installing a motor bracket 8 and two bearing brackets 9; the motion plate 22 is also provided with a weight reduction slot 222. Specifically, 3 positioning holes 2211 and matched positioning edges 2212 are designed on the moving plate 22, so as to ensure that the mounting positions of the motor support 8 and the bearing support 9 are accurate.
Wherein, motor support 8 and bearing support 9 all process on the machining center, once clamping once location completion processing. The center shaft of the lower side of the motor support 8 is aligned with the positioning hole of the moving plate 22, and the edge of the motor support 8 is clamped on the corresponding positioning edge 2212 on the moving plate 22 and fixedly connected with the positioning edge 2212 by copper screws. The central shafts of the lower sides of the two bearing brackets 9 are aligned with the positioning holes of the moving plate 22, and the edges of the motor brackets 8 are clamped on the corresponding positioning edges 2212 on the moving plate 22 and fixedly connected by copper screws.
As shown in fig. 7, all parts of the supporting mechanism 3 are made of aluminum alloy 6061, and all parts are fastened by copper screws. The support mechanism 3 includes: 1 supporting platform 31, 4 supporting upright posts 32 and 4 permanent magnet standard field cushion blocks 33; the support platform 31 and the transition plate connection plate 14 are arranged in parallel; the 4 support columns 32 are respectively arranged between the transition plate connecting plate 14 and the support platform 31; the 4 permanent magnet standard field cushion blocks 33 are arranged on the supporting platform 31 in parallel; the arrangement direction of the 4 support columns 32 and the arrangement direction of the 4 permanent magnet standard field cushion blocks 33 are mutually perpendicular; two through holes are also formed in two sides of the 4 permanent magnet standard field cushion blocks 33, and the two bearing supports 9 respectively penetrate through the two through holes to be fixed on the motion plate 22. The 4 permanent magnet standard field cushion blocks 33 can ensure that the horizontal direction of the magnetic field is parallel to the supporting platform 31. The supporting mechanism 3 is processed on the processing center, and stress removal heat treatment is carried out after rough machining, so that the post deformation caused by stress generated during machining after the machining of the workbench is finished is reduced; and then the fine machining is finished by once again clamping and once positioning, and the planeness of the upper plane of the base is ensured to be 0.05 millimeter.
With continued reference to fig. 5, the rotating shaft 5 includes a right rotating shaft 51, a rotating shaft 52, and a left rotating shaft 53, which are sequentially connected; the motor output shaft, the right rotating shaft 51, the rotating shaft 52 and the left rotating shaft 53 are connected in pairs and in sequence by adopting a coupler, and the left rotating shaft 553 and the right rotating shaft 51 are also connected with the bearing bracket 9 through bearings respectively; a groove matched with the coil fixing plate 7 in shape is formed in the rotating shaft 5, so that the coil fixing plate 7 is inserted into the rotating shaft 5; the left rotating shaft 53 is internally provided with a guide hole, and the coil is led out through the guide groove 72 on the coil fixing plate 7 and then led out through the guide hole in the left rotating shaft 53.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 8, the guide groove 72 includes a first guide groove 721 and a second guide groove 722; the width of the first guide groove 721 is smaller than that of the second guide groove 722; the edge of the counter bore 71 is provided with a notch through which the first guide groove 721 communicates with the counter bore 71.
The bearing and the coupler are all made of non-ferrous materials, the bearing is made of zirconia full ceramic bearings, the zirconia full ceramic bearings are arranged on the left shaft and the right shaft, and the zirconia full ceramic bearings are fixed on the bearing support through bearing fixing seats.
The zirconia full ceramic bearing, the ferrule and the rolling body are made of zirconia (ZrO 2) ceramic materials. The friction coefficient is small, the surface smoothness is good, so that the self-lubricating property is good, no grease is needed, and the characteristic is used for guaranteeing the rotation stability of the main shaft. And secondly, the whole material is free of metal and antimagnetic, is special for the fields of demagnetizing equipment, precise instruments and the like, and can improve the measurement accuracy.
The coupling is formed by processing 7 series of aviation aluminum alloy materials, the middle plum blossom elastomer is made of imported polyurethane raw materials, the hardness is high, zero-clearance transmission is achieved, the coupling is of non-magnetic and non-ferrous materials, the motor, the left shaft, the right shaft and the middle rotating shaft are connected together, the screw for fastening the coupling is a copper screw, and the coupling can move on the left rotating shaft 53 and the right rotating shaft 51 along the axial direction of the left rotating shaft and the right rotating shaft, so that convenience in disassembly of the middle rotating shaft 52 is guaranteed.
The function of the spindle 5 is to rotate the coil at a high rotational speed and high stability and to output an induced voltage signal. Wherein the rotating shaft 5 and the coil fixing plate 7 are made of organic glass materials, the left rotating shaft 53 and the right rotating shaft 51 are made of brass materials, other parts are made of aluminum alloy 6061 materials, and all parts are fastened by copper screws.
The rotary shaft 52 is made of organic glass material, and is free of magnetism and iron. The coil fixing plate 7 is inserted into the rotation shaft 52, and is seamless in order to ensure stable and reliable rotation by adopting an integral casting process. The counter bore 71 on the coil fixing plate 7 is placed with the coil, and the wire of the coil is led out along the guide groove 72.
The calibration of the small coil is based on the condition that the coil rotating shaft is parallel to the base plane of the permanent magnet standard field, if an included angle exists, the calibration result can be greatly influenced, so that the motor drives the rotating shaft to rotate, and then drives the coil to rotate in the permanent magnet field.
The mercury slip ring 6 is connected to the left rotating shaft 53 through a two-core quick connector, and the coil led out of the guide groove 72 is connected to the lead wire of the two-core quick connector. The connecting wire of the coil is led out through the mercury slip ring 6, so that the led-out wire is fixed. The mercury slip ring 6 is a two-core slip ring produced in taiwan. The maximum rotation speed can reach 1800 revolutions per minute. The application of the mercury slip ring 6 is one of the key factors of the success of the device, the following table shows the test data obtained by the mercury slip ring, and the table 1 shows that the repeatability of average voltage is good and the frequency is stable, so that the mercury slip ring 6 can be selected to transmit the analog alternating current signal well, and the signal is not distorted at all. Through two core connectors quick plug, convenient dismantlement rotation axis and coil fixing base do not have the metal substance except the copper line.
Table 1 repeatability of average voltage and stability of frequency
As shown in fig. 9, the calibration control device further includes: the rotation control mechanism is used for controlling the accurate movement of the rotating shaft and can set the rotation speed, the rotation direction and the rotation duration; the rotation control mechanism includes: the device comprises an alternating current power supply, a filter, an alternating current-direct current converter, a driver, a PLC, a touch screen and a filter; the alternating current power supply provides alternating current for the driver after filtering by the filter, and the driver is sequentially connected with the PLC and the touch screen; the AC-DC converter is connected with the driver and is used for converting the AC into the DC and providing the DC for the driver.
The filter is used for filtering unnecessary harmonic waves in the circuit, removing interference and ensuring the accuracy and stability of the whole circuit signal; the direct current power supplies are respectively a servo driver, a PLC and a touch screen and are used for supplying 24V direct current power. The servo driver is connected with a single-phase 220V alternating current power supply besides a 24V direct current power supply.
The motor is an eastern motor AZ series AZ66 type, the motor is a pulse sequence input type driver, the resolution is 1000P/R, and when the motor is set, the motor is 0.36 degrees/pulse (1000 pulses are one circle), so that the positioning precision of one movement period is +0.05 degrees, and when the motor is overloaded, the motor exceeds 1.8 degrees, the motor can be warned, and the motor can be automatically repaired and adjusted at 1.8 degrees. The AZ66 stepping motor adopts a closed loop system to be more reliable, closed loop stepping is realized, and even if step-out occurs, the AZ66 stepping motor can be automatically adjusted. Meanwhile, the synchronous performance of the stepping motor of the eastern motor is better than that of the servo motor. The ABZO encoder is a mechanical absolute encoder without a battery, and the display rotating speed is monitored in real time. The characteristics ensure that the motor can realize uniform and stable rotation of the rotating shaft.
Setting operation data on the driver, and selecting and executing the type of the operation data through a PLC. Connection and control with the previous stage are performed through Modbus.
S7-200SMART,CPU ST20 and SIMATIC wonderful series panels are selected by the Siemens PLC and the touch screen to form an automatic control and man-machine interaction platform, so that the standard function of a man-machine interface is accurately provided, and the following functions are displayed on the display screen of the whole device: 1. starting and stopping; 2. displaying the real-time running speed; 3. restoring zero position; 4. detecting operation setting parameters; 5. and (5) speed adjustment.
With continued reference to fig. 3, the calibration control device further includes: the protection cover 10 is arranged outside the base mechanism 1, the supporting mechanism 3, the motion adjusting mechanism 2, the motor 4, the rotating shaft 5 and the mercury slip ring 6. The use of plexiglas for the protective cover 10 has two functions: 1) Isolating the permanent magnetic standard field, avoiding the parts with magnetism or iron substances from being attracted to the magnetic field, 2) protecting operators and reducing noise when the rotating shaft 5 rotates at high speed.
The invention also provides a calibration device of the small coil turn area for magnetic moment measurement, as shown in fig. 9, comprising a calibration control device of the small coil turn area for magnetic moment measurement, and further comprising: a pair of permanent magnets, a nuclear magnetic resonance magnetometer, a voltmeter and a frequency meter; the N pole of one permanent magnet is opposite to the S pole of the other permanent magnet; the calibrated coil and the rotating shaft 5 are arranged between the N pole and the S pole, the nuclear magnetic resonance magnetometer is arranged on one side close to the N pole, and the voltmeter and the frequency meter are respectively connected with the mercury slip ring 6.
The present invention adopts a method of continuously rotating coils in a uniform field to calibrate the coil area, and the specific measurement principle is shown in fig. 9. The uniform field is formed by permanent magnets, the magnetic field is about 3000Oe, the uniform area is better than 0.01%/cm, the stability is better than 0.003%/min, a motor is used for driving a coil to rotate at a fixed frequency in the uniform field, and the induction voltage and the frequency are measured by a voltmeter. The coil constant can be calculated according to formula (2.1).
The design of the permanent magnet standard field simultaneously considers the factors of magnetic field intensity, the size of a magnetic field uniform area, the height of an air gap, and the like, and is matched with the whole device. In order to improve the magnetic field intensity, the permanent magnet standard field is made of sintered NdFeB materials and is strictly designed and manufactured according to an Ansoft magnetic circuit simulation model, the permanent magnet standard field has a central magnetic field intensity exceeding 3000Oe, a permanent magnet standard field uniformity region can be as shown in figure 10, a design uniformity index reaches the accuracy of magnetic field distribution uniformity in a diameter range of 60mm to reach 0.04%, the accuracy of magnetic field distribution uniformity in a diameter range of 80mm to reach 0.1%, and an air gap is larger than 50mm so that a rotating shaft, a coil and the like can be accommodated therein.
TABLE 2 design index of 3000Oe permanent magnet standard field design magnetic field uniformity
| Coordinates x/mm | -40 | -30 | -20 | -10 | 0 | 10 | 20 | 30 | 40 |
| Magnetic field mu 0 H/T | 0.33757 | 0.33741 | 0.33734 | 0.33733 | 0.33732 | 0.33733 | 0.33734 | 0.33745 | 0.33764 |
The present invention calibrates the small coil NS by continuously rotating the coil in a uniform field. The test result shows that the calibration uncertainty of the small coil NS reaches the level of 0.04 percent, and the calibration uncertainty is obviously improved compared with the traditional method.
The magnetic field accuracy and the magnetic field uniformity are important performance indexes of a standard magnetic field, are also core factors of calibration by a small-coil alternating current method, and the maximum error of a permanent magnet standard field produced abroad is generally in the range of 0.5% -1%, so that the permanent magnet standard field of the subject is matched with nuclear magnetic resonance for use, and the accurate calibration of the direct current magnetic flux density can be realized. The following is a magnetic field uniformity area and uniformity test for a permanent magnet standard magnetic field. Table 3 shows the standard magnetic field uniformity results for permanent magnets measured using a Metrolab Pt2025 nmr magnetometer, test temperature 24.5 ℃. The uniformity test range was selected to be within a diameter range of 60 mm. From the results, the magnetic field uniformity is better than 0.02% in the 40mm diameter range, and the range basically completely meets the small coil calibration requirements of all size models; the magnetic field uniformity is better than 0.04% in the whole 60mm diameter range.
The Metrolab Pt2025 nuclear magnetic resonance magnetometer is an internationally-used magnetic field calibration instrument, and has accuracy better than 5ppm.
TABLE 3 permanent magnet standard magnetic field uniformity zone test
The small coil to be calibrated has an outer diameter of not more than 16mm and not more than the above-mentioned 10mm uniformity region, and the above-mentioned uniformity can be achieved by testing a space of 8mm above and below the median plane in the standard magnetic field, and therefore, the standard magnetic field uniformity of the permanent magnet can be defined as 0.0057% in the present subject application.
(2) Influence of temperature on standard magnetic field strength of permanent magnet
The magnetic field intensity generated by the permanent magnetic standard magnetic field is tested when the environment is stabilized at 28.5 ℃ and 20 ℃ respectively, and the temperature coefficient of the permanent magnetic standard magnetic field in the room temperature range is (0.1+/-0.01)%, which is consistent with the residual magnetic temperature coefficient of the sintered neodymium iron boron material used for manufacturing the permanent magnetic standard place. The standard magnetic field strength of the permanent magnet can be further determined according to the laboratory environment temperature and the temperature coefficient during calibration of the small coil NS. The standard magnetic field of the permanent magnet is placed in a closed indoor environment, the uncertainty of indoor temperature measurement is 0.3 ℃, and the error of the standard magnetic field intensity of the permanent magnet for correcting the standard magnetic field intensity of the permanent magnet due to different temperatures is not higher than 0.003%. In the actual calibration process with higher requirements on calibration accuracy, the standard magnetic field intensity can be measured in real time by using the nuclear magnetic resonance magnetometer, and the influence of temperature on the standard magnetic field intensity of the permanent magnet is negligible.
(3) Repeatability of average voltage and stability of frequency
At a rotational speed of 1500r/Min, the average value of the ten coil induction voltages was continuously measured (in voltage synchronization mode) using an LMG610 power meter, while the ac frequency was measured and recorded, and the results indicated that both the voltage and the frequency remained very stable, with stability as shown in table 1. The result can verify that the rotating speed stability of the motor can be controlled to be about five parts per million, and the stability of the motor exceeds the stability of one part per million of the original project. In fact, if the induced voltage and the frequency are measured synchronously, the influence caused by the fluctuation of the rotating speed can be counteracted by the homodromous fluctuation of the voltage measured value, and the influence is more tiny.
(4) Determination of small coil NS
A small coil is placed in the calibration device, setting the coil rotation rate. And after the rotating speed is stable, measuring and recording the average voltage and the rotating frequency at the same time, and determining the small coil NS according to the magnetic field standard value.
In the method, in the process of the invention,the unit is V, which is the measured average voltage; f is the measured rotational frequency in Hz; />The unit is T for the magnetic flux density generated by the standard magnetic field.
NS of the small coil No. 0 was measured at different rotational speeds, respectively. As shown in Table 5, the NS uniformity of the coil was measured to be 0.002% (standard deviation) from 300r/min to 1500r/min at a frequency from 5Hz to 25 Hz. This result demonstrates that the NS of the coil is independent of frequency at low frequencies, verifying the scientificity and effectiveness of the device of the invention for testing. Table 5 is NS measurement results for small coils No. 0 at 28.4 degrees celsius and at different rotational speeds, and table 6 is calibration results for coils No. 1, 2, 3, and 5.
TABLE 5 NS for small coil No. 0 measured at different speeds
TABLE 6 calibration results for small coils
Uncertainty analysis for 4.3.8 small coil NS AC method calibration
(1) Small coil NS measures uncertainty uA introduced by repeatability
As class a uncertainty, uA covers the randomness differences of different testers, small coil loading, etc. In this report, ten repeated measurement tests at different times were performed. The small coil was placed in a standard magnetic field at the same temperature, and the results obtained by measuring the small coil NS by rotating it a plurality of times are shown in table 7 below. The results showed 0.009% (1 sigma) of repeatability of the small coil NS test.
Table 7 4 repeatability test of small coil NS
| 0.215766 | 0.215789 | 0.215805 | 0.215793 | 0.215789 |
| 0.215775 | 0.215765 | 0.215789 | 0.215745 | 0.215811 |
| ave. | 0.215783 | 1σ | 0.009％ |
(2) Uncertainty u introduced by the influence of the instrument on the measurement result B ，
Sources of uncertainty for the helmholtz coil constant ac calibration can be listed as follows:
a. average voltage measurement accuracy
In the LMG610 voltage direct input mode, the 8V point of the power meter is calibrated at the frequency of 25Hz, the absolute value of the measurement error of the average voltage is 0.02%, the calibration uncertainty is 0.02%, and the measurement uncertainty of the average voltage is synthesized for the measurement result of 7.55V: 0.029% (k=2).
b. Partial voltage effects of small coil resistance
LMG610 input impedance 10MΩ, small coil resistance 350 Ω, influence neglected
c. Frequency measurement accuracy
LMG610 is too distributed for a measurement of frequency measurement accuracy of 50ppm for the port input signal.
d. Temperature characteristics of permanent magnet standard magnetic field
As described above, the permanent magnet standard magnetic field intensity error in which the permanent magnet standard magnetic field intensity is corrected due to different temperatures is not higher than 0.02%. In the actual calibration process with higher requirements on calibration accuracy, the standard magnetic field intensity can be measured in real time by using the nuclear magnetic resonance magnetometer, and the influence of temperature on the standard magnetic field intensity of the permanent magnet is negligible.
e. Permanent magnet standard magnetic field calibration
The Metrolab Pt2025 nuclear magnetic resonance magnetometer is an internationally-used magnetic field calibration instrument, and has accuracy better than 5ppm.
f. Permanent magnet standard magnetic field uniformity
As previously described, the permanent magnet standard magnetic field has a uniformity of 0.0057% over the area of the small coil.
g. Verticality of small coil rotating shaft and magnetic field
After the small coil is placed in the calibrating device, the mechanical device can control the rotating shaft of the small coil to be perpendicular to the magnetic field, and the error can be controlled within 1 degree. The uncertainty thus introduced is less than 0.015%. In addition, the inclination angle of the coil is finely adjusted through the posture adjusting mechanism of the calibrating device, the maximum value of the average voltage is found, and the uncertainty caused by the maximum value is further reduced.
h. Temperature stability of small coil NS at the same temperature
At different temperatures, the calibration of the small coil NS and the calibration of the helmholtz coil using the small coil are performed at the same time in the same room, and the influence of temperature is negligible.
i. Influence of leakage flux of outer lead of coil
The lead outside the coil brings the influence of leakage magnetic flux, the lead outside the mercury slip ring is not rotated and is not influenced, the leakage magnetic flux is balanced positively and negatively in the mercury slip ring through a lead twisted pair mode, the area of a part which cannot be balanced is small compared with the area of an effective turn, the length of the lead is about 60mm, and for experimental verification, 180mm twisted pair leads are additionally manufactured to carry out a comparison experiment, and the experimental result does not exceed the repeatability difference of a small coil NS compared with a 60mm lead.
(3) Composite uncertainty assessment
Uncertainty analysis of small coil turn area measurements is shown in table 8, with the foregoing uncertainty components summarized in table 8, as per JJF1059-1999 measurement uncertainty assessment and representation. Table 8 covers the uncertainty source, uncertainty source index, input uncertainty value, distribution type, divisor, sensitivity coefficient, standard uncertainty (1 sigma), and effective degrees of freedom. The table 8 embeds the formula for calculating standard synthetic uncertainty:
the relative expansion uncertainty of the small coil turn area measurement is thus calculated as: 0.04% (k=2).
Table 8 small coil NS calibration uncertainty summary table
The subject uses a method of continuously rotating the coil in a uniform field to calibrate the small coil NS. The uniform field is a high-uniformity standard magnetic field made of permanent magnets, the magnetic field strength is about 3500Oe, a high-rotation-speed stability motor is used for driving a coil to rotate at a fixed frequency in the uniform field, the rotation frequency is ensured to be stable, and the induction voltage and the frequency are measured by a voltmeter. The small coil NS can be accurately determined according to equation 3.
It is to be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely illustrative of or explanation of the principles of the present invention and are in no way limiting of the invention. Accordingly, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention. Furthermore, the appended claims are intended to cover all such changes and modifications that fall within the scope and boundary of the appended claims, or equivalents of such scope and boundary.
Claims (8)
1. A calibration control device for a small coil turn area for magnetic moment measurement, comprising: the device comprises a base mechanism (1), a motion adjusting mechanism (2) and a supporting mechanism (3) which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, wherein a motor (4), a rotating shaft (5) and a mercury slip ring (6) are arranged above the supporting mechanism (3);
one end of the rotating shaft (5) is connected with an output shaft of the motor (4), and the other end of the rotating shaft is connected with the mercury slip ring (6);
a coil fixing plate (7) is arranged in the rotating shaft (5), the coil fixing plate (7) comprises a counter bore (71) and a guide groove (72), and a coil is arranged in the counter bore (71) and is led out through the guide groove (72) and the mercury slip ring (6);
the motor (4) is fixed on the supporting mechanism (3) through a motor bracket (8);
the rotating shaft (5) is fixed with a bearing bracket (9), and the bearing bracket (9) passes through the supporting mechanism (3) to be fixed on the motion adjusting mechanism (2);
the rotating shaft (5) comprises a right rotating shaft (51), a rotating shaft (52) and a left rotating shaft (53) which are sequentially connected;
the left rotating shaft (53) and the right rotating shaft (51) are respectively connected with a bearing bracket (9) through bearings;
a groove (521) matched with the coil fixing plate (7) in shape is formed in the rotary shaft (52), so that the coil fixing plate (7) is inserted into the rotary shaft (52);
a guide hole is formed in the left rotating shaft (53), and the coil is led out of the guide hole after being led out of the guide groove (72);
the motion adjustment mechanism (2) includes: the device comprises two fixed brackets (21), a moving plate (22), a fixed base (23) and a precise manual angular platform (24);
the two fixed brackets (21) are respectively arranged at two sides below the supporting mechanism (3), and the two fixed brackets (21) are connected through a moving plate (22);
the fixed base (23) and the precise manual angular platform (24) are arranged at the middle position of the supporting mechanism (3).
2. Calibration control device according to claim 1, characterized in that the mercury slip ring (6) is connected to the left rotary shaft (53) by means of a two-core quick-connect, the coil led out of the guide hole being connected to the wires of the two-core quick-connect.
3. The calibration control device according to claim 1, characterized in that the motion plate (22) is provided with 3 positioning mechanisms (221), the positioning mechanisms (221) comprising positioning holes (2211) and positioning edges (2212) arranged on the sides of the positioning holes (2211); the 3 positioning holes (2211) are respectively used for installing the motor bracket (8) and the two bearing brackets (9);
the motion plate (22) is also provided with a weight reduction groove (222).
4. Calibration control device according to claim 1, characterized in that the support mechanism (3) comprises: 1 supporting platform (31), 4 supporting upright posts (32) and 4 permanent magnet standard field cushion blocks (33);
the supporting platform (31) is arranged in parallel with the upper surface of the base mechanism (1);
the 4 support columns (32) are respectively arranged between the upper surface of the base mechanism (1) and the support platform (31);
the 4 permanent magnet standard field cushion blocks (33) are arranged on the supporting platform (31) in parallel; the arrangement direction of the 4 support columns (32) and the arrangement direction of the 4 permanent magnet standard field cushion blocks (33) are mutually perpendicular;
two through holes are further formed in two sides of the 4 permanent magnet standard field cushion blocks (33), and the two bearing supports (9) are fixed on the moving plate (22) through the two through holes respectively.
5. The calibration control device of claim 1, further comprising: a rotation control mechanism;
the rotation control mechanism includes: the device comprises an alternating current power supply, a filter, an alternating current-direct current converter, a driver, a PLC, a touch screen and a filter;
the alternating current power supply provides alternating current for the driver after being filtered by the filter, and the driver is sequentially connected with the PLC and the touch screen;
the AC-DC converter is connected with the driver and provides DC for the driver after converting AC into DC.
6. The calibration control device according to claim 1, characterized in that the guide groove (72) comprises a first guide groove (721) and a second guide groove (722);
the width of the first guide groove (721) is smaller than that of the second guide groove (722);
the edge of the counter bore (71) is provided with a notch, and the first guide groove (721) is communicated with the counter bore (71) through the notch.
7. The calibration control device of claim 1, further comprising: the protection cover (10) is arranged outside the base mechanism (1), the motion adjusting mechanism (2), the supporting mechanism (3), the motor (4), the rotating shaft (5) and the mercury slip ring (6).
8. A small coil turn area calibration device for magnetic moment measurement, comprising a small coil turn area calibration control device for magnetic moment measurement according to any one of claims 1 to 7, further comprising: a pair of permanent magnets, a nuclear magnetic resonance magnetometer, a voltmeter and a frequency meter;
the N pole of one permanent magnet is opposite to the S pole of the other permanent magnet;
the calibrated small coil and the rotating shaft (5) are arranged between the N pole and the S pole, and the nuclear magnetic resonance magnetometer is arranged at one side close to the N pole;
the voltmeter and the frequency meter are respectively connected with a mercury slip ring.
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