CN111795991A - Permanent magnet magnetic moment temperature coefficient measuring device and method - Google Patents
Permanent magnet magnetic moment temperature coefficient measuring device and method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000015842 Hesperis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- QJVKUMXDEUEQLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [B].[Fe].[Nd] Chemical compound [B].[Fe].[Nd] QJVKUMXDEUEQLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001172 neodymium magnet Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
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Abstract
The invention relates to a device and a method for measuring temperature coefficient of permanent magnetic moment, wherein the device comprises a microcontroller, a motor driver, a servo motor, a rotating shaft, a measuring coil, a heating furnace and an analog-to-digital converter; the pulse output end of the microcontroller is electrically connected with the servo motor through the motor driver, the output shaft of the servo motor is connected with the rotating shaft in a shaft mode, the rotating shaft penetrates through the measuring coil, the heating furnace is embedded in the rotating shaft and corresponds to the measuring coil, the measuring coil is electrically connected with the input end of the analog-to-digital converter, the output end of the analog-to-digital converter is electrically connected with the data input end of the microcontroller, and the pulse output end of the microcontroller is further electrically connected with the sampling control end of the analog-to-digital. The invention calculates the permanent magnetic moment based on a rotating sample method and a phase-locked digital calculation method, adopts a heating furnace embedded on a rotating shaft to heat the sample, and has the characteristics of accurate and rapid sample temperature control, high measurement resolution and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of permanent magnetic moment measurement, in particular to a device and a method for measuring a temperature coefficient of a permanent magnetic moment.
Background
The permanent magnet is used as a material of key parts of airships, aircrafts and the like, is widely applied to the fields of aerospace and national defense, and the magnetic property of the permanent magnet directly influences the technical level of the related fields. The permanent magnetic material navigator, gyroscope, is called as the 'eye' of the aircraft, and is widely applied to navigation systems of large airplanes, large carrier rockets, strategic missiles, aircraft carriers and the like, and is also the core material of sea, land and air precision navigation systems. For reasons of accuracy, safety and reliability, the above fields require that the magnetic properties of permanent magnetic materials do not fluctuate with temperature changes, and therefore, spacecrafts and military require that the spacecrafts and aircrafts use permanent magnetic materials with ultra-low temperature coefficients. Military research and development units and aerospace and military departments for developing low-temperature coefficient materials have extremely urgent needs for related measuring methods and instruments.
The utility model discloses a utility model "hard magnetic material temperature characteristics detection device" of publication number (CN202362442U), this patent relate to hard magnetic material temperature characteristics detection device, including control and data processing unit, magnetic field and magnetism sense measuring unit, temperature control unit and magnetization unit, control and data processing unit and magnetic field and magnetism sense measuring unit and magnetization unit difference data connection, the magnetization unit is connected with temperature control unit. The device for detecting the temperature characteristic of the hard magnetic material can measure the high-temperature magnetic characteristic of a sample from room temperature to 500 ℃ under the condition of a closed magnetic circuit, is not only used for neodymium iron boron magnets, but also can be used for SmCo5 series and Sm2Co17 magnets with lower temperature coefficient and higher Curie temperature, and solves the problem of measuring the magnetic characteristic of rare earth permanent magnetic materials at high temperature. However, the measurement resolution of the patent is low and can only reach 10-4/K。
The invention patent of publication number (CN103885009B) discloses a permanent magnet temperature coefficient open circuit measuring device and method, the invention relates to a permanent magnet temperature coefficient open circuit measuring device and method, including a balance bracket, the balance bracket is a box, a rack is arranged at the bottom of the balance bracket, a uniform gradient field generating device is arranged on the rack, the uniform gradient field generating device is connected with a constant current power supply, a high temperature furnace is arranged on the uniform gradient field generating device or arranged on the rack by penetrating through the uniform gradient field generating device, the high temperature furnace is connected with a temperature control unit; an analytical balance is placed at the top of the balance support, the analytical balance is connected with a computer, the computer is also connected with a temperature control unit, a sample suspension line is fixed at the lower end of the analytical balance, the sample suspension line penetrates through the top surface of the balance support and extends into the high-temperature furnace, the tail end of the sample suspension line is connected with a sample sleeve, and a sample to be measured is placed in the sample sleeve; the invention effectively solves the problems of low measurement precision and low resolution of the temperature coefficient of the permanent magnet at present, and provides a method and a means for measuring key materials in the field of aerospace. However, the permanent magnet is in a gradient magnetic field, the magnetic moment of the permanent magnet is influenced by an external magnetic field, and the temperature change of the magnetic moment of the permanent magnet cannot be truly reflected.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a device and a method for measuring the temperature coefficient of the permanent magnetic moment.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows: a permanent magnetic moment temperature coefficient measuring device comprises a microcontroller, a motor driver, a servo motor, a rotating shaft, a measuring coil, a heating furnace and an analog-to-digital converter; the pulse output end of the microcontroller is electrically connected with the servo motor through the motor driver, the output shaft of the servo motor is connected with the rotating shaft in a shaft mode, the rotating shaft penetrates through the measuring coil, the heating furnace is embedded in the rotating shaft and corresponds to the measuring coil, the measuring coil is electrically connected with the input end of the analog-to-digital converter, the output end of the analog-to-digital converter is electrically connected with the data input end of the microcontroller, and the pulse output end of the microcontroller is further electrically connected with the sampling control end of the analog-to-digital converter.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the permanent magnet magnetic moment temperature coefficient measuring device adopts the heating furnace embedded on the rotating shaft to heat the permanent magnet sample, and has the characteristics of accurate and quick temperature control of the permanent magnet sample; in addition, the servo motor is driven to rotate and control the analog-digital converter to sample by using the same fixed pulse, because the rotation and the sampling are completely synchronous, the conversion result of the analog-digital converter can be uniformly sampled in the whole period, and the microcontroller processes the data obtained by synchronous sampling of the analog-digital converter by using the phase-locked digital calculation principle, so that the magnetic moment measuring stability can reach 10ppm at a fixed point temperature, and the measuring resolution can reach one hundred thousand.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the invention can be further improved as follows.
The heating furnace further comprises a temperature controller, wherein the instruction receiving end of the temperature controller is electrically connected with the instruction output end of the microcontroller, and the instruction output end of the temperature controller is electrically connected with the heating control end of the heating furnace through a mercury slip ring.
The beneficial effect of adopting the further scheme is that: the temperature controller can adjust the heating temperature of the heating furnace under the control of the microcontroller, and the temperature coefficient of the permanent magnetic moment can be conveniently measured.
Further, still include base and support, the rotation axis passes through the support erects on the base.
Further, the base and the bracket are both made of non-magnetic materials.
The beneficial effect of adopting the further scheme is that: the support and the base of no magnetism, firstly avoid being magnetized by permanent magnetism sample, secondly for reducing the magnetic interference of environment, improve measurement accuracy.
Further, the heating furnace is made of a non-magnetic material.
The beneficial effect of adopting the further scheme is that: the non-magnetic heating furnace is used for avoiding magnetization by a permanent magnetic sample, and reducing magnetic interference of the environment and improving the measurement precision.
Based on the device for measuring the temperature coefficient of the permanent magnetic moment, the invention also provides a method for measuring the temperature coefficient of the permanent magnetic moment.
A permanent magnetic moment temperature coefficient measuring method adopts the permanent magnetic moment temperature coefficient measuring device to measure, which comprises the following steps,
placing a permanent magnet sample to be tested in a heating furnace and heating to a preset temperature;
the microcontroller outputs a fixed pulse and sends the fixed pulse to the motor driver and the analog-to-digital converter at the same time;
at the moment, the motor driver controls the servo motor to rotate under the action of the fixed pulse, the servo motor rotates to drive the heating furnace on the rotating shaft to rotate, the permanent magnet sample rotates along with the heating furnace and induces an alternating current signal on the measuring coil;
meanwhile, the analog-to-digital converter synchronously samples alternating current signals induced on the measuring coil under the action of the fixed pulse;
and the microcontroller processes the data obtained by synchronous sampling of the analog-to-digital converter by adopting a phase-locked digital calculation method to obtain the temperature coefficient of the permanent magnetic moment of the permanent magnetic sample.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method for measuring the temperature coefficient of the permanent magnetic moment adopts the heating furnace embedded on the rotating shaft to heat the permanent magnetic sample, and has the characteristics of accurate and quick temperature control of the permanent magnetic sample; in addition, the servo motor is driven to rotate and control the analog-digital converter to sample by using the same fixed pulse, because the rotation and the sampling are completely synchronous, the conversion result of the analog-digital converter can be uniformly sampled in the whole period, and the microcontroller processes the data obtained by synchronous sampling of the analog-digital converter by using a phase-locked digital calculation method, so that the magnetic moment measuring stability can reach 10ppm at a fixed point temperature, and the measuring resolution can reach one hundred thousand.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the invention can be further improved as follows.
Further, the sampling frequency of the analog-to-digital converter is an integral multiple of the rotation frequency of the rotation shaft.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for measuring temperature coefficient of permanent magnetic moment according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flowchart of a method for measuring a temperature coefficient of a permanent magnetic moment according to the present invention.
In the drawings, the components represented by the respective reference numerals are listed below:
1. the device comprises a rotating shaft, 2, a measuring coil, 3, a heating furnace, 4, a permanent magnet sample, 5, a mercury slip ring, 6, a base, 7 and a support.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with the following drawings, which are set forth by way of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, a device for measuring temperature coefficient of permanent magnetic moment comprises a microcontroller, a motor driver, a servo motor, a rotating shaft 1, a measuring coil 2, a heating furnace 3 and an analog-to-digital converter; the pulse output end of the microcontroller is electrically connected with the servo motor through the motor driver, the output shaft of the servo motor is connected with the rotating shaft 1 in a shaft mode, the rotating shaft 1 penetrates through the measuring coil 2, the heating furnace 3 is embedded in the rotating shaft 1 and corresponds to the measuring coil 2, the measuring coil 2 is electrically connected with the input end of the analog-to-digital converter, the output end of the analog-to-digital converter is electrically connected with the data input end of the microcontroller, and the pulse output end of the microcontroller is further electrically connected with the sampling control end of the analog-to-digital converter.
In this particular embodiment:
preferably, the device further comprises a temperature controller, wherein a command receiving end of the temperature controller is electrically connected with a command output end of the microcontroller, and the command output end of the temperature controller is electrically connected with a heating control end of the heating furnace 3 through a mercury slip ring 5. The temperature controller can adjust the heating temperature of the heating furnace 3 under the control of the microcontroller, so that the temperature coefficient of the permanent magnetic moment can be conveniently measured.
Preferably, the device of the invention further comprises a base 6 and a bracket 7, wherein the rotating shaft 1 is erected on the base 6 through the bracket 7.
Preferably, the base 6 and the bracket 7 are both made of non-magnetic materials. The support 7 and the base 6 are nonmagnetic, firstly, the magnetization by the permanent magnet sample 4 is avoided, and secondly, the magnetic interference of the environment is reduced, and the measurement precision is improved.
Preferably, the heating furnace 3 is made of a non-magnetic material. The non-magnetic heating furnace 3 is used for avoiding magnetization by the permanent magnetic sample 4, and reducing the magnetic interference of the environment and improving the measurement precision.
In the device, a microcontroller (32-bit ARM chip) sends a fixed pulse to be input into a motor driver, the motor driver controls a servo motor to rotate, the servo motor drives a rotating shaft 1 to rotate, and the rotating shaft 1 drives a permanent magnet sample 4 in a heating furnace 3 to rotate; this fixed pulse simultaneously controls the analog-to-digital converter sampling; when the permanent magnet sample 4 rotates, an alternating current signal is induced in the measuring coil 2 and is input into the analog-to-digital converter, because the rotation and the sampling are completely synchronous, the conversion result of the analog-to-digital converter can be uniformly sampled in the whole period, and the measuring resolution can be one hundred thousand.
The temperature coefficient measuring device for the permanent magnetic moment adopts the heating furnace 3 embedded on the rotating shaft 1 to heat the permanent magnetic sample 4, and has the characteristics of accurate and rapid temperature control of the permanent magnetic sample 4; in addition, the servo motor is driven to rotate and control the analog-digital converter to sample by using the same fixed pulse, because the rotation and the sampling are completely synchronous, the conversion result of the analog-digital converter can be uniformly sampled in the whole period, and the microcontroller processes the data obtained by synchronous sampling of the analog-digital converter by using the phase-locked digital calculation principle, so that the magnetic moment measuring stability can reach 10ppm at a fixed point temperature, and the measuring resolution can reach one hundred thousand.
The device of the invention measures the permanent magnetic moments at different temperatures based on an alternating current method, thereby calculating the temperature coefficient of the magnetic moments. Meanwhile, the high-speed high-resolution analog-to-digital converter is used for measuring alternating voltage, the device has the characteristics of interference resistance, high stability and the like, and the magnetic moment measurement stability can reach 10ppm at a fixed point temperature, so that the application level of the permanent magnet material can be promoted.
Based on the device for measuring the temperature coefficient of the permanent magnetic moment, the invention also provides a method for measuring the temperature coefficient of the permanent magnetic moment.
As shown in fig. 2, a method for measuring a temperature coefficient of a permanent magnetic moment by using the device for measuring a temperature coefficient of a permanent magnetic moment as described above comprises the following steps,
placing a permanent magnet sample to be tested in a heating furnace and heating to a preset temperature;
the microcontroller outputs a fixed pulse and sends the fixed pulse to the motor driver and the analog-to-digital converter at the same time;
at the moment, the motor driver controls the servo motor to rotate under the action of the fixed pulse, the servo motor rotates to drive the heating furnace on the rotating shaft to rotate, the permanent magnet sample rotates along with the heating furnace and induces an alternating current signal on the measuring coil;
meanwhile, the analog-to-digital converter synchronously samples alternating current signals induced on the measuring coil under the action of the fixed pulse;
and the microcontroller processes the data obtained by synchronous sampling of the analog-to-digital converter by adopting a phase-locked digital calculation method to obtain the temperature coefficient of the permanent magnetic moment of the permanent magnetic sample.
In the method, a permanent magnet sample arranged in the center of a rotating shaft rotates at a fixed frequency in a measuring coil, an alternating current signal (specifically alternating current voltage) generated by the coil is input into a high-resolution analog-to-digital converter, and the sampling frequency of the analog-to-digital converter is integral multiple of the rotating frequency of the rotating shaft, so that the synchronous sampling of the whole period is ensured. 10000 points are sampled by the analog-to-digital converter in each period, and the magnetic moment of the permanent magnet sample can be calculated by the microcontroller through data processing by adopting a phase-locked digital calculation method. When the temperature of the permanent magnet sample changes, the curve of the magnetic moment changing along with the temperature can be measured.
Let the magnetic dipole moment of the permanent magnet sample be J, unit Webber meter, symbol Wbm;
measuring a coil constant K with a unit of 1/m and a symbol of m-1;
the rotation frequency is f, in hertz, the sign Hz,
at the instant t seconds, the magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnet sample in the measuring coil is:
Φ＝JK·sin(2πft) (1)
the instantaneous induced voltage V generated by the measuring coil (also called helmholtz coil):
V＝dΦ/dt＝2πfJK·cos(2πft) (2)
calculating an effective value Vrms of the induced voltage, and deducing:
J＝1.4142Vrms/(2πfK) (3)
as can be seen from equation (3), the magnetic moment of the permanent magnet sample can be obtained by obtaining the effective value Vrms of the induced voltage. The effective value Vrms of the induced voltage can be directly calculated according to the induced voltage, but because the induced voltage is obtained by the measuring coil, the induced voltage also contains interference signals in the environment, and a very stable and accurate value is difficult to obtain.
The data processing of the invention uses the phase-locked digital calculation principle to process the data, firstly, the microcontroller sends out fixed pulse (pulse of frequency) to drive the servo motor to rotate at f Hz, and simultaneously, the frequency is used as the sampling frequency of the analog-to-digital converter to collect a plurality of N instantaneous points of a plurality of periods of alternating current signals generated by the measuring coil, which are marked as V1, V2 and V3 … … VN.
The microcontroller generates discrete points of reference sinusoidal signals with the frequency f, the effective value of which is unit 1, marked as S1, S2, S3 … … SN; discrete points C1, C2, C3 … … CN of the reference cosine signal with frequency fsignal of unit 1 are generated. The following calculation formula is provided:
P＝1/N·(V1·S1+V2·S2+V3·S3+……+VN·SN) (4)
Q＝1/N·(V1·C1+V2·C2+V3·C3+……+VN·CN) (5)
Vrms＝SQRT(P·P+Q·Q) (6)
where P is the product of the reference sine signal and the ac signal generated by the measurement coil, Q is the product of the reference cosine signal and the ac signal generated by the measurement coil, SQRT is the square-open, and Vrms SQRT (p.p + q.q) can also be written as
The value of N is increased as much as possible, so that a stable and accurate effective voltage value is obtained. The data processing method can effectively eliminate most external interference, but in order to achieve better measurement results, the data processing method is recommended to be used in an environment with little electromagnetic interference.
The method for measuring the temperature coefficient of the permanent magnetic moment adopts the heating furnace embedded on the rotating shaft to heat the permanent magnetic sample, and has the characteristics of accurate and quick temperature control of the permanent magnetic sample; in addition, the servo motor is driven to rotate and the analog-digital converter is controlled to sample by using the same fixed pulse, because the rotation and the sampling are completely synchronous, the conversion result of the analog-digital converter can be uniformly sampled in the whole period, and the phase-locked digital calculation principle is utilized, so that the magnetic moment measuring stability can reach 10ppm at a fixed point temperature, and the temperature coefficient resolution of the magnetic moment of the permanent magnet sample can reach 1ppm/K (at an interval of 10 degrees).
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a permanent magnetism moment temperature coefficient measuring device which characterized in that: the device comprises a microcontroller, a motor driver, a servo motor, a rotating shaft, a measuring coil, a heating furnace and an analog-to-digital converter; the pulse output end of the microcontroller is electrically connected with the servo motor through the motor driver, the output shaft of the servo motor is connected with the rotating shaft in a shaft mode, the rotating shaft penetrates through the measuring coil, the heating furnace is embedded in the rotating shaft and corresponds to the measuring coil, the measuring coil is electrically connected with the input end of the analog-to-digital converter, the output end of the analog-to-digital converter is electrically connected with the data input end of the microcontroller, and the pulse output end of the microcontroller is further electrically connected with the sampling control end of the analog-to-digital converter.
2. The permanent magnet magnetic moment temperature coefficient measuring device according to claim 1, wherein: the heating furnace is characterized by further comprising a temperature controller, wherein the instruction receiving end of the temperature controller is electrically connected with the instruction output end of the microcontroller, and the instruction output end of the temperature controller is electrically connected with the heating control end of the heating furnace through a mercury slip ring.
3. The permanent magnet magnetic moment temperature coefficient measuring device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the rotary shaft is erected on the base through the support.
4. The permanent magnet magnetic moment temperature coefficient measuring device according to claim 3, wherein: the base and the bracket are both made of non-magnetic materials.
5. The apparatus for measuring temperature coefficient of magnetic moment of permanent magnet according to claim 1, 2 or 4, wherein: the heating furnace is made of non-magnetic materials.
6. A method for measuring temperature coefficient of permanent magnetic moment is characterized in that: the measurement is carried out by using the permanent magnet magnetic moment temperature coefficient measuring device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of,
placing a permanent magnet sample to be tested in a heating furnace and heating to a preset temperature;
the microcontroller outputs a fixed pulse and sends the fixed pulse to the motor driver and the analog-to-digital converter at the same time;
at the moment, the motor driver controls the servo motor to rotate under the action of the fixed pulse, the servo motor rotates to drive the heating furnace on the rotating shaft to rotate, the permanent magnet sample rotates along with the heating furnace and induces an alternating current signal on the measuring coil;
meanwhile, the analog-to-digital converter synchronously samples alternating current signals induced on the measuring coil under the action of the fixed pulse;
and the microcontroller processes the data obtained by synchronous sampling of the analog-to-digital converter by adopting a phase-locked digital calculation method to obtain the temperature coefficient of the permanent magnetic moment of the permanent magnetic sample.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the method comprises: the sampling frequency of the analog-to-digital converter is an integer multiple of the rotation frequency of the rotation shaft.
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| CN212301380U (en) * | 2020-08-19 | 2021-01-05 | 中国计量科学研究院 | Permanent magnet magnetic moment temperature coefficient measuring device |
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