CN109541507B - Single-sheet permeameter for detecting performance of oriented silicon steel sheet, detection device and detection method - Google Patents
Single-sheet permeameter for detecting performance of oriented silicon steel sheet, detection device and detection method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109541507B CN109541507B CN201811544873.3A CN201811544873A CN109541507B CN 109541507 B CN109541507 B CN 109541507B CN 201811544873 A CN201811544873 A CN 201811544873A CN 109541507 B CN109541507 B CN 109541507B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/12—Measuring magnetic properties of articles or specimens of solids or fluids
- G01R33/1223—Measuring permeability, i.e. permeameters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/02—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux
- G01R33/04—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux using the flux-gate principle
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/02—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux
- G01R33/06—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux using galvano-magnetic devices
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/02—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux
- G01R33/10—Plotting field distribution ; Measuring field distribution
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/12—Measuring magnetic properties of articles or specimens of solids or fluids
Abstract
The invention discloses a single-piece magnetic permeameter for detecting the performance of an oriented silicon steel sheet, which comprises a U-shaped upper magnetic yoke, a U-shaped lower magnetic yoke, a primary coil winding, a secondary coil winding, an H coil winding and a supporting plate, wherein the U-shaped upper magnetic yoke is fixedly connected with the upper magnetic yoke; the secondary coil windings are positioned in the primary coil windings and are uniformly distributed on the supporting plate, the sample to be tested is placed on the supporting plate and is positioned in the middle of the secondary coil windings, and the H coil winding is positioned below the middle part of the lower surface of the sample to be tested; the H coil winding comprises 3-5H coil units which are equal in size, distributed at equal intervals and arranged in series, and all the H coil units are symmetrically distributed below the middle part of the lower surface of the sample to be tested along the central axis of the sample to be tested. The magnetic polarization strength of the electrical steel strip single sample is directly measured by adopting the H coil winding, and the result measured by adopting the digital air flux compensation detection method is closer to the true value of the sample.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of oriented silicon steel product detection, and particularly relates to a single-sheet permeameter, a detection device and a detection method for detecting the performance of an oriented silicon steel sheet.
Background
At present, China has become the most central ring of oriented silicon steel production in world territory, and meanwhile, the alternating-current magnetic performance is the core index of silicon steel products, is also the core competitive index in the processes of designing transformers and applying products in the industries of transformers and motors, and is an important parameter for reflecting energy conservation and environmental protection. Therefore, how to accurately evaluate the magnetic properties of silicon steel products becomes an important issue in the electrical industry.
At present, the standard GB/T13789-. However, as the effective magnetic path length is only a predetermined value, with the progress of research, it is found that the effective magnetic path length will change with the material and manufacturing process of the single-piece magnetic permeameter, the sample and different test conditions, and the deviation of the actually changed effective magnetic path length from the predetermined effective magnetic path length brings a system error in measurement, so that the measurement result deviates from the actual value.
The Chinese patent application (application publication No. CN108226826, application publication No. 2018.6.29)) discloses a monolithic magnetic conductivity meter, a monolithic sample measuring device and a measuring method, which mainly standardize primary and secondary coil windings and are used for measuring the magnetic performance of different areas of narrow-band samples such as amorphous alloys and the like, but only aim at samples with small size such as 265mm multiplied by 142mm, but cannot accurately measure the actual magnetic field intensity on the surface of a monolithic sample with large size 500mm multiplied by 500 mm.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a single-sheet permeameter, a detection device and a detection method for detecting the performance of an oriented silicon steel sheet, which are closer to the true value of a sample, aiming at the technical defects.
In order to achieve the aim, the single-sheet magnetic permeameter for detecting the performance of the oriented silicon steel sheet comprises a U-shaped upper magnetic yoke, a U-shaped lower magnetic yoke, a primary coil winding, a secondary coil winding, an H coil winding and a supporting plate; the U-shaped upper magnetic yoke and the U-shaped lower magnetic yoke are symmetrically arranged and are involuted to form a closed magnetic yoke, and the supporting plate is positioned inside the closed magnetic yoke; the secondary coil windings are positioned in the primary coil windings and are uniformly distributed on the supporting plate, the sample to be tested is placed on the supporting plate and is positioned in the middle of the secondary coil windings, and the H coil winding is positioned below the middle part of the lower surface of the sample to be tested; the H coil winding comprises 3-5H coil units which are equal in size, distributed at equal intervals and arranged in series, and all the H coil units are symmetrically distributed below the middle part of the lower surface of the sample to be tested along the central axis of the sample to be tested.
Furthermore, each H coil unit adopts a copper wire with the diameter of D to continuously and uniformly wind a 1-layer coil with the length of l on a non-conductive nonmagnetic plate with the length of 250 +/-1 mm and the width of 85 +/-0.2 mm, no gap exists between every two adjacent turns, l is equal to D multiplied by the number of turns of the winding, and l is smaller than the length of the plate; wherein the diameter D of the copper wire is 0.15-0.25 mm, and l is 180-220 mm.
Further, the distance between every two adjacent H coil units is 20-30 mm.
Further, D was 0.2mm and l was 200. + -. 0.2 mm.
Further, the primary coil winding, the secondary coil winding and all the H coil units are wound from the same end and have the same winding direction.
The detection device comprises an alternating current magnetizing power supply, a non-inductive precision resistor, a double-path synchronous sampling measurement device, a single-chip magnetic permeameter and a frequency meter connected with the alternating current magnetizing power supply in parallel; the single-chip magnetic conductivity meter is the single-chip magnetic conductivity meter in claim 1, two ends of each H coil unit in the single-chip magnetic conductivity meter are connected with the two-way synchronous sampling and measuring device, and two ends of a secondary coil winding in the single-chip magnetic conductivity meter are connected with the two-way synchronous sampling and measuring device; one end of the non-inductive precise resistor is connected with one end of the alternating current magnetizing power supply, the other end of the non-inductive precise resistor is connected with one end of a primary coil winding in the single-chip magnetic permeameter, the other end of the primary coil winding is connected with the other end of the alternating current magnetizing power supply, and two ends of the non-inductive precise resistor are connected with the two-way synchronous sampling and measuring device in parallel.
Finally, a detection method of the detection device is provided, and the detection method comprises the following steps:
placing a sample to be tested in a single-chip magnetic permeameter;
h coil unit induced voltage U for measuring all H coil units in single-chip magnetic permeameterH(t) and measuring the induced voltage U of the secondary winding2(t)；
Calculating all H coil unit induced voltages UH(t) mean value U of the sumH0(t) and calculating the compensated secondary winding induced voltage U according to the digital air flux compensation2C(t) calculating the magnetic property parameter of the sample to be measured;
wherein, the digital air magnetic flux compensation calculates the compensated secondary coil winding induced voltage
In the formula:
U2C(t) the compensated secondary winding induced voltage;
U2(t) measuring the induced voltage of the secondary coil winding;
U1(t) is a non-inductive precision resistor RnVoltage at two ends;
r is a non-inductive precision resistor RnThe resistance value of (1);
c is a compensation coefficient, and the adjustment of the compensation coefficient value is that the compensation voltage does not exceed 0.1% of the uncompensated voltage of the secondary coil winding of the testing instrument when alternating current passes through the primary coil winding under the condition that no test sample is to be tested.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) the monolithic magnetic permeameter of the invention adopts an H coil winding (an inductance coil) to directly measure the magnetic polarization strength of a monolithic sample of an electrical steel strip (sheet), the effective magnetic path length is not required to be appointed any more, the system error caused by the appointed effective magnetic path length is eliminated, and the measured specific total loss value is closer to the true value;
2) the measurement results of the specific total loss, the excitation power and the like measured by adopting the digital air magnetic flux compensation detection method are obviously lower than those of the GB/T13789-2008 method, and the result directly measured by the method is closer to the true value of the sample.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a single-piece magnetic permeameter for detecting the performance of an oriented silicon steel sheet according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic longitudinal section view of a single-piece magnetic permeameter for performance testing of an oriented silicon steel sheet according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the detection device for detecting the performance of the oriented silicon steel sheet according to the invention.
Wherein: the device comprises a U-shaped upper magnetic yoke 1, a U-shaped lower magnetic yoke 2, a secondary coil winding 3, a primary coil winding 4, a sample to be measured 5, a support plate 6, an H coil unit 7, an alternating current magnetizing power supply 8, a frequency meter 9, a non-inductive precision resistor 10 and a two-way synchronous sampling measuring device 11.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be more clearly understood from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, specific examples and comparative examples, which are not intended to limit the invention.
The single-piece magnetic permeameter for detecting the performance of the oriented silicon steel sheet shown in fig. 1 and 2 comprises a U-shaped upper magnetic yoke 1, a U-shaped lower magnetic yoke 2, a primary coil winding 4, a secondary coil winding 3, an H-shaped coil winding and a supporting plate 6. The U-shaped upper magnetic yoke 1 and the U-shaped lower magnetic yoke 2 are the same in size, the U-shaped upper magnetic yoke 1 and the U-shaped lower magnetic yoke 2 are symmetrically arranged and are combined to form a closed magnetic yoke, and the supporting plate 6 is located inside the closed magnetic yoke; the secondary coil winding 3 is positioned inside the primary coil winding 4 and is uniformly distributed on the supporting plate 6, and the sample 5 to be tested is placed on the supporting plate 6 and is positioned in the middle of the secondary coil winding 3; the H coil winding is positioned below the middle part of the lower surface of the sample to be detected 5 and is used for detecting the magnetic field intensity of the surface of the sample to be detected 5.
Because the size of a single sample to be measured is 500mm multiplied by 500mm, the problem of uniformity of performance of the sample to be measured is that the H coil winding is designed to cover the area of the whole sample to be measured as much as possible, but the H coil winding is too large and the winding is too dense, which causes the problems of too large distributed capacitance of the H coil winding and higher measurement result. Therefore, the H coil winding in the monolithic magnetic permeameter of the present invention includes 3 to 5 (preferably 4 in this embodiment) H coil units 7 with equal size and equal spacing, the spacing between every two adjacent H coil units 7 is 20 to 30mm, and the H coil units are arranged in series, and all the H coil units 7 are symmetrically distributed below the middle portion of the lower surface of the sample to be measured along the central axis of the sample to be measured 5. In addition, the primary coil winding 4, the secondary coil winding 3 and all the H-coil units 7 are wound from the same end and in the same winding direction.
Since the size of the sample 5 to be measured is 500mm × 500mm, each H-coil unit 7 uses a copper wire with a diameter D to continuously, uniformly and tightly wind 1 layer of coil with a length l, which is D × the number of winding turns and is smaller than the length of the plate, on a non-conductive nonmagnetic plate with a length of 250 ± 1mm, a width of 85 ± 0.2mm and a thickness of 1 ± 0.1 mm. Because the winding resistance of the coil winding is inversely proportional to the diameter D of the copper wire, but the distributed capacitance between the coil windings is directly proportional to the diameter D of the copper wire, and the induced voltage of the H coil is weak, the diameter D of the copper wire and the number of winding turns must be reasonably configured in order to reduce the distributed capacitance and the extra loss power of the winding resistance as much as possible, namely, in the embodiment, the diameter D of the copper wire is 0.15-0.25 mm (preferably 0.2mm), and the l is 180-220 mm (preferably 200 +/-0.2 mm).
The sample to be measured, the U-shaped upper magnetic yoke 1 and the U-shaped lower magnetic yoke 2 form a closed magnetic field loop, the cross section area of the closed magnetic yoke is far larger than that of the sample to be measured 5, and the average H coil induction voltage U of the H coil winding is measuredH(t) obtaining the magnetic field strength, and measuring the induced voltage U of the secondary coil winding by the secondary coil winding2And (t) obtaining the magnetic flux density to measure the magnetic characteristics of the sample to be measured.
The monolithic magnetic permeameter of the invention adopts an H coil winding (an inductance coil) to directly measure the magnetic polarization strength of a monolithic sample of an electrical steel strip (sheet), the effective magnetic path length is not required to be appointed any more, the system error caused by the appointed effective magnetic path length is eliminated, and the measured specific total loss value is closer to the true value.
As shown in fig. 3, the detection device for detecting the performance of the oriented silicon steel sheet comprises an alternating current magnetizing power supply 8, a non-inductive precision resistor 10, a two-way synchronous sampling measurement device 11, a single-chip magnetic permeameter, and a frequency meter 9 connected in parallel with the alternating current magnetizing power supply 8; the single-piece magnetic permeameter is the single-piece magnetic permeameter, which is not described herein, and the alternating-current magnetization power supply 8 is used for supplying power to the single-piece magnetic permeameter. One end of a non-inductive precision resistor 10 is connected with one end of an alternating current magnetizing power supply 8, the other end of the non-inductive precision resistor 10 is connected with one end of a primary coil winding 4 in the single-chip magnetic permeameter, and the other end of the primary coil winding 4 is connected with the other end of the alternating current magnetizing power supply 8; two ends of each H coil unit 7 in the single-chip magnetic conductivity meter are connected with the double-path synchronous sampling and measuring device 11, two ends of the secondary coil winding 3 in the single-chip magnetic conductivity meter are connected with the double-path synchronous sampling and measuring device 11, two ends of the non-inductive precise resistor 10 are also connected with the double-path synchronous sampling and measuring device 11 in parallel, namely the double-path synchronous sampling and measuring device is used for measuring the induced voltage U of the H coil units of all the H coil units in the single-chip magnetic conductivity meterH(t) mean value U of the sumH0(t) (measuring the voltage of each H coil unit and then averaging), measuring the secondary coil winding induced voltage U of the secondary coil winding 52(t) and the voltage U across the non-inductive precision resistor1(t) and calculating all H coil unit induced voltages UH(t) mean value U of the sumH0(t) of (d). Because the signals acquired by the H coil windings are usually in millivolts, good reproducibility can be achieved by using a low noise amplifier and suppressing various noises. The preamplifier is supplied with power by a pure direct-current power supply, so that the preamplifier can be prevented from being interfered by power frequency noise.
When the sample to be measured is magnetized, the air field in the coil is also magnetized, which causes extra power loss and false appearance that the sample to be measured is high in loss, and therefore, the influence of the air magnetic flux must be compensated. This is typically done by a mutual inductor, but the mutual inductor's inter-winding capacitive coupling causes a significant phase shift in the secondary voltage, and hence a corresponding error in the loss measurement, and it must therefore be ensured that the mutual inductor does not cause a significant phase shift in the secondary voltage. On the basis that the mutual inductor is adopted, corresponding phase shift cannot be avoided along with the change of the measuring frequency, the method provides the digital air magnetic flux compensation, and has the advantage that the phase shift and the increase of the coil impedance which are related to the frequency and caused by the use of a mutual inductor can be avoided.
Digital air flux compensation is implemented with a transformer-like principle:
in the formula:
U2C(t) the compensated secondary winding induced voltage;
U2(t) measuring the induced voltage of the secondary coil winding;
U1(t) is a non-inductive precision resistor RnVoltage at two ends;
r is a non-inductive precision resistor RnThe resistance value of (1);
c is a compensation coefficient, and the compensation coefficient value is adjusted in such a way that the compensation voltage does not exceed 0.1% of the uncompensated voltage of the secondary coil winding of the test instrument when alternating current passes through the primary coil winding under the condition that no test sample is to be tested, namely the compensation voltage does not exceed the measured induced voltage U of the secondary coil winding20.1% of (t).
The detection method of the detection device comprises the following steps:
placing a sample to be tested in a single-chip magnetic permeameter;
h coil unit induced voltage U for measuring all H coil units in single-chip magnetic permeameterH(t) and measuring the induced voltage U of the secondary winding2(t)；
Calculating all H coil unit induced voltages UH(t) sum ofValue UH0(t) and calculating the compensated secondary winding induced voltage U according to the digital air flux compensation2C(t) calculating the magnetic property parameter of the sample to be measured.
Through a large number of tests, the measurement results of the specific total loss, the excitation power and the like measured by using the single-piece magnetic permeameter, the detection device and the detection method are obviously lower than the measurement results of the GB/T13789-2008 method, under the normal condition, the specific total loss and the excitation power of the oriented silicon steel single-piece sample measured under the conditions of power frequency and magnetic polarization strength of 1.7T are lower by 5-10% and are lower by 10-20%, and the result directly measured by the method is closer to the true value of the sample. And the GB/T13789 and 2008 method measurement result is obviously higher, causes the silicon steel product grade to reduce a trade mark at least, is unfavorable for silicon steel product output, user's motor or transformer design.
Claims (5)
1. A detection method for a performance detection device of an oriented silicon steel sheet is characterized by comprising the following steps: the device comprises an alternating current magnetizing power supply (8), a non-inductive precision resistor (10), a two-way synchronous sampling measuring device (11), a single-chip magnetic permeameter and a frequency meter connected with the alternating current magnetizing power supply in parallel; the single-piece magnetic permeameter comprises a U-shaped upper magnetic yoke (1), a U-shaped lower magnetic yoke (2), a primary coil winding (4), a secondary coil winding (3), an H coil winding and a supporting plate (6); the U-shaped upper magnetic yoke (1) and the U-shaped lower magnetic yoke (2) are symmetrically arranged and are involuted to form a closed magnetic yoke, and the supporting plate (6) is positioned in the closed magnetic yoke; the secondary coil windings (3) are positioned in the primary coil winding (4) and are uniformly distributed on the supporting plate (6), the sample to be tested (65) is placed on the supporting plate (6) and is positioned in the middle of the secondary coil windings (3), and the H coil winding is positioned below the middle part of the lower surface of the sample to be tested (5); the method is characterized in that: the H coil winding comprises 3-5H coil units (7) which are equal in size, distributed at equal intervals and arranged in series, and all the H coil units (7) are symmetrically distributed below the middle part of the lower surface of the sample (5) to be detected along the central axis of the sample (5) to be detected;
two ends of each H coil unit (7) in the single-chip magnetic conductivity meter are connected with the two-way synchronous sampling and measuring device (11), and two ends of a secondary coil winding (3) in the single-chip magnetic conductivity meter are connected with the two-way synchronous sampling and measuring device (11); one end of the non-inductive precision resistor (10) is connected with one end of the alternating current magnetizing power supply (8), the other end of the non-inductive precision resistor (10) is connected with one end of a primary coil winding (4) in the single-chip magnetic permeameter, the other end of the primary coil winding (4) is connected with the other end of the alternating current magnetizing power supply (8), and two ends of the non-inductive precision resistor (10) are connected with the two-way synchronous sampling and measuring device (11) in parallel;
the detection method of the detection device comprises the following steps:
placing a sample to be tested in a single-chip magnetic permeameter;
h coil unit induced voltage U for measuring all H coil units in single-chip magnetic permeameterH(t) and measuring the induced voltage U of the secondary winding2(t)；
Calculating all H coil unit induced voltages UH(t) mean value U of the sumH0(t) and calculating the compensated secondary winding induced voltage U according to the digital air flux compensation2C(t) calculating the magnetic property parameter of the sample to be measured;
wherein, the digital air magnetic flux compensation calculates the compensated secondary coil winding induced voltage
In the formula:
U2C(t) the compensated secondary winding induced voltage;
U2(t) measuring the induced voltage of the secondary coil winding;
U1(t) is a non-inductive precision resistor RnVoltage at two ends;
r is a non-inductive precision resistor RnThe resistance value of (1);
c is a compensation coefficient, and the adjustment of the compensation coefficient value is that the compensation voltage does not exceed 0.1% of the uncompensated voltage of the secondary coil winding of the testing instrument when alternating current passes through the primary coil winding under the condition that no test sample is to be tested.
2. The detection method for the performance detection device of the oriented silicon steel sheet according to claim 1, wherein the detection method comprises the following steps: each H coil unit (7) is formed by continuously and uniformly winding a copper wire with the diameter of D into a 1-layer coil with the length of l on a non-conductive nonmagnetic plate with the length of 250 +/-1 mm and the width of 85 +/-0.2 mm, no gap exists between every two adjacent turns, l is multiplied by the number of turns of a winding, and l is smaller than the length of the plate; wherein the diameter D of the copper wire is 0.15-0.25 mm, and l is 180-220 mm.
3. The detection method for the performance detection device of the oriented silicon steel sheet according to claim 1, wherein the detection method comprises the following steps: the distance between every two adjacent H coil units (7) is 20-30 mm.
4. The detection method for the performance detection device of the oriented silicon steel sheet according to claim 1, wherein the detection method comprises the following steps: d is 0.2mm and l is 200 +/-0.2 mm.
5. The detection method for the performance detection device of the oriented silicon steel sheet according to claim 1, wherein the detection method comprises the following steps: the primary coil winding (4), the secondary coil winding (3) and all the H coil units (7) are wound from the same end and have the same winding direction.
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