CN109540863A - 一种硝基呋喃类抗生素的检测方法 - Google Patents
一种硝基呋喃类抗生素的检测方法 Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
- G01N21/6428—Measuring fluorescence of fluorescent products of reactions or of fluorochrome labelled reactive substances, e.g. measuring quenching effects, using measuring "optrodes"
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
- G01N21/6428—Measuring fluorescence of fluorescent products of reactions or of fluorochrome labelled reactive substances, e.g. measuring quenching effects, using measuring "optrodes"
- G01N21/643—Measuring fluorescence of fluorescent products of reactions or of fluorochrome labelled reactive substances, e.g. measuring quenching effects, using measuring "optrodes" non-biological material
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
- G01N2021/6417—Spectrofluorimetric devices
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
- G01N21/6428—Measuring fluorescence of fluorescent products of reactions or of fluorochrome labelled reactive substances, e.g. measuring quenching effects, using measuring "optrodes"
- G01N2021/6432—Quenching
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- Investigating, Analyzing Materials By Fluorescence Or Luminescence (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一种硝基呋喃类抗生素的检测方法,其特征在于:以POSS荧光多孔聚合物为荧光物质,采用荧光猝灭法测量待测样品中待测硝基呋喃类抗生素的浓度。本发明采用了荧光猝灭法快速检测待测样品中硝基呋喃类抗生素,具有灵敏度高、选择性好,且试样量少、方法简便等优点,对硝基呋喃类抗生素的检测具有实际应用价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及化学检测分析技术领域,具体涉及一种硝基呋喃类抗生素的快速检测方法。
背景技术
硝基呋喃药物是合成的一类抗菌药物,它包括呋喃西林、呋喃妥因和呋喃唑酮等主要三类。其通过作用于微生物酶系统,抑制乙酰辅酶A,干扰微生物糖类的代谢,从而起抑菌作用。它被广泛用于治疗由大肠杆菌或沙门氏菌所引起的感染疾病,同时对动物的生长也具有促进作用,因此可作饲料添加剂。但是硝基呋喃类药物是一类具有潜在致癌和诱导有机体产生突变的物质,长期使用易出现毒性反应。出于安全性考虑,我国颁布了禁止使用硝基呋喃类抗生素的禁令。现在对硝基呋喃类抗生素的检测方法有很多,主要有微生物检测法,高效液相色谱法,ELISA和液相色谱-质谱联用法等。但是这些方法具有测量时间长、操作复杂以及成本高等缺点。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于,提供一种硝基呋喃类抗生素的检测方法,能够满足对硝基呋喃类抗生素药物快速、灵敏、简便的检测需求,并对硝基呋喃类抗生素的检测具有实际应用价值。
本发明通过以下技术方案实现:
一种硝基呋喃类抗生素的检测方法,其特征在于:以POSS荧光多孔聚合物为荧光物质,采用荧光猝灭法测量待测样品中待测硝基呋喃类抗生素的浓度。
本发明采用荧光猝灭法检测硝基呋喃类抗生素具有以下优点:
(1)灵敏度高,一般来说荧光分析的灵敏度要比紫外-可见分光光度法高2~4个数量级;
(2)选择性好,既能依据特征发射又能依据特征吸收来鉴定物质;
(3)试样量少且方法简便。
进一步地,所述的硝基呋喃类抗生素的检测方法,其特征在于,具体步骤是:将待测样品加入到POSS荧光多孔聚合物分散液中混合,通过分析加入待测样品前后的荧光信号强度变化,得出待测样品中待测硝基呋喃类抗生素的浓度。
荧光聚合物能够将分子识别的信息转换成荧光信号以有效表达,具有在灵敏度高、选择性好等方面优势。由于POSS材料不仅具有无机内核,外围还包括有机基团。这样特别的结构还赋予它独特的物理化学性质:良好的硬度、热稳定性和机械性能以及良好的韧性和伸缩性。同时由于本身具有多个活性位点,可携带乙烯基、氨基、环氧基等官能团的特点使得它具有了可设计性。这样的特点为本领域研究人员制备期望的荧光多孔聚合物提供了一条新思路。硝基呋喃类抗生素药物荧光聚合物是通过选择合适的荧光基团结合分子设计方法合成,荧光基团是1,3,5-三(4-溴苯基)苯,再结合笼型乙烯基多面体低聚倍半硅氧烷有机-无机材料反应制备,最终得到新型的荧光多孔聚合物POSS@1,3,5-三(4-苯基)苯。笼型低聚倍半硅氧烷(POSS)是一种新型纳米有机-无机杂化材料,它具有独特的物理化学性质。这是由于其独特的多面体笼型结构即笼型骨架由Si—O键组成,多面体顶角的Si原子则可以连接上不同有机官能团R。
所述POSS的结构式如下:
进一步地,POSS荧光多孔聚合物分散液的制备方法是:
(1)制备POSS荧光多孔聚合物;
(2)对POSS荧光多孔聚合物进行分散预处理,得到POSS荧光多孔聚合物分散液。
进一步地,所述步骤(1)的制备方法是:POSS荧光多孔聚合物是由乙烯基POSS与1,3,5-三(4-溴苯基)苯通过Heck反应制备得到。我们通过Heck钯催化偶合反应将荧光基团1,3,5-三(4-溴苯基)苯与乙烯基POSS反应以制备新型的荧光多孔聚合物。实验结果证明:得到的POSS荧光多孔聚合物是乙烯基POSS@1,3,5-三(4-苯基)苯荧光多孔聚合物,具有良好的荧光性能,可选择性检测呋喃西林、呋喃妥因及呋喃唑酮等硝基呋喃类抗生素。
作为一种具体实施方式,所述步骤(1)的具体步骤是:在氮气环境下,将乙烯基POSS、四(三苯基膦)钯和K2CO3与N,N-二甲基甲酰胺混合,在室温下搅拌混合物并用氮气鼓泡搅拌,然后加入1,3,5-三(4-溴苯基)苯,所得溶液在120℃下搅拌48h,反应结束后将产物过滤、洗涤及纯化,在真空条件下干燥得到POSS荧光多孔聚合物。
作为一种具体实施方式,所述步骤(2)的具体步骤是:称取步骤(1)中制得的POSS荧光多孔聚合物,研磨后加入无水级四氢呋喃,超声得到1mg/mL的分散均匀的POSS荧光多孔聚合物分散液。
进一步地,所述硝基呋喃类抗生素的检测方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
(1)取待测物制成待测样品备用,同时配制不同浓度的待测硝基呋喃类抗生素的标准样品备用;
(2)将POSS荧光多孔聚合物分散液放入荧光分光光度计的样品池中进行扫描,记录得到荧光强度,每次将不同浓度的标准样品加入到POSS荧光多孔聚合物分散液中,每次产生的荧光强度由检测器检测并记录,经数据处理得到待测硝基呋喃类抗生素的浓度与荧光强度的线性方程;
(3)将所述POSS荧光多孔聚合物放入荧光分光光度计的样品池中进行扫描,记录得到荧光强度,取待测样品加入到所述POSS荧光多孔聚合物中,然后将光检测器检测到的荧光强度代入步骤(2)所得线性方程中,得到待测样品中待测硝基呋喃类抗生素的浓度。
进一步地,步骤(1)中待测物制成待测样品的方法是采用提取溶剂对待测物进行提取得到待测样品。
作为一种具体实施方式,当待测样品是虾肉,步骤(1)中对待测样品的制备步骤是:取绞碎混匀后的虾肉,每份加入同重量的无水硫酸钠研磨均匀后置于离心管中,加入提取溶剂高速匀浆混合提取30min,8000r/min离心10min,移取上层清液,残渣按以上操作重复提取两次,合并上层清液;加入正已烷,充分震荡,反复用正己烷脱脂至溶液澄清;分层后,取乙腈层氮吹浓缩至近干,加入四氢呋喃洗瓶,定容并过0.22μm滤膜,得虾肉提取液即待测样品。
进一步地,步骤(2)和步骤(3)中,荧光分光光度计的参数设置为激发和发射光狭缝为3nm,室温下以激发波长为380nm的激发光扫描,所述POSS荧光多孔聚合物的最佳发射波长为445nm。
为了更好地理解和实施,下面结合附图详细说明本发明。
附图说明
图1是本发明合成示意图;
图2a为POSS荧光多孔聚合物的透射电子显微镜图,图2b为POSS荧光多孔聚合物的扫描电子显微镜图;
图3a~3c分别为不同浓度的呋喃西林(NZF)、呋喃妥因(NFT)和呋喃唑酮(NZT)与POSS荧光多孔聚合物的荧光强度猝灭图;
图4为POSS荧光多孔聚合物材料循环回收性能的荧光测试图。
具体实施方式:
下面结合具体实施方式,对本发明做进一步的说明:
本发明的硝基呋喃类抗生素的检测方法需要使用荧光分析装置,该荧光分析装置主要包括荧光分光光度计和显示器两大部分。荧光分光光度计的工作原理是光源氙弧灯发出的光以90°角透射进行检测,激发光直接照射在液体样品上,被测物质在激发光的照射下发射出荧光,通过调节激发光的波长,使其达到可以激发被测样品产生荧光的最佳强度,荧光检测器在其直角方向检测激发出来的荧光信号,最后通过分析软件输出,在显示器上显示检测样品的光谱图。
比色皿使用的是1cm*1cm的石英比色皿,激发和发射光狭缝为3nm,以激发波长为380nm的激发光扫描发射波长为220~650nm段的荧光光谱,取荧光强度最强处的波长为最佳发射波长,荧光多孔聚合物的最佳发射波长为445nm。
以下实施例中POSS荧光聚合物分散液的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)POSS@1,3,5-三(4-溴苯基)苯荧光多孔聚合物的制备(如图1所示):
在通氮气的条件下,在三颈烧瓶中将乙烯基POSS、四(三苯基膦)钯和K2CO3与N,N-二甲基甲酰胺混合。此混合物在室温下搅拌并用氮气鼓泡搅拌,然后加入1,3,5-三(4-溴苯基)苯。所得溶液在120℃下搅拌48h,反应结束后将产物过滤、洗涤及纯化,在真空条件下干燥得到POSS荧光多孔聚合物(图2a~2b分别是POSS荧光多孔聚合物的透射电子显微镜图和扫描电子显微镜图);
(2)POSS@1,3,5-三(4-溴苯基)苯荧光多孔聚合物的分散预处理:
称取步骤(1)中制得的POSS荧光多孔聚合物,在玛瑙研钵中充分研磨,加入无水级四氢呋喃,超声得到1mg/mL的分散均匀的POSS荧光多孔聚合物分散液。
实施例1:
本实施例考察了共7大类,总共18种抗生素药物作为研究对象,这些物质包括:硝基呋喃类药物(呋喃妥因、呋喃西林、呋喃唑酮)、磺胺类药物(磺胺嘧啶、磺胺二甲嘧啶、磺胺噻唑)、硝基咪唑类药物(甲硝唑、奥硝唑、二甲硝咪唑)、氯霉素类药物(甲砜霉素、氯霉素)、β-内酰胺类抗生素(氨苄青霉素)、大环内酯类(罗红霉素)和咪唑类(氟康唑、克霉唑、硝酸咪康唑)等等。
采用上述POSS荧光多孔聚合物分散液进行抗生素药物检测的选择性试验:
(1)取一定质量的上述不同的抗生素药物,分别加入无水级四氢呋喃得到1mM/L的样品溶液备用;
(2)在比色皿中置入POSS荧光多孔聚合物分散液并将其放入样品池中进行扫描,分别加入上述不同抗生素药物的样品溶液后,产生的荧光信号由检测器检测并记录发光强度。
试验结果表明:在步骤(2)加入硝基呋喃类抗生素时,检测到强烈的荧光猝灭;而对于其他6类抗生素,仅产生轻微的荧光强度变化。
实施例2:
本实施例提供一种硝基呋喃类抗生素的检测方法,将待测样品加入到上述POSS荧光多孔聚合物分散液中混合,通过分析加入待测样品前后荧光信号强度的变化,得出待测样品中待测硝基呋喃类抗生素的浓度。
其具体步骤是:
(1)取待测物制成待测样品备用,同时配制不同浓度的待测硝基呋喃类抗生素的标准样品备用;
(2)将POSS荧光多孔聚合物分散液放入荧光分光光度计的样品池中进行扫描,记录得到荧光强度,每次将不同浓度的标准样品加入到POSS荧光多孔聚合物分散液中,每次产生的荧光强度由检测器检测并记录,经数据处理得到待测硝基呋喃类抗生素的浓度与荧光强度的线性方程(如图3a~3c);
(3)将所述POSS荧光多孔聚合物放入荧光分光光度计的样品池中进行扫描,记录得到荧光强度,取待测样品加入到所述POSS荧光多孔聚合物中,然后将光检测器检测到的荧光强度代入步骤(2)所得线性方程中,得到待测样品中待测硝基呋喃类抗生素的浓度。
以待测物虾肉为例,待测硝基呋喃类抗生素是呋喃西林,上述步骤(1)中对待测物制备待测样品的方法包括以下步骤:取若干份绞碎混匀后的虾肉(每份2g),每份加入2.0g无水硫酸钠研磨均匀后置于于15mL离心管中,加入提取溶剂(乙腈10mL)高速匀浆混合提取30min,8000r/min离心10min。移取上层清液,残渣按以上操作重复提取两次,合并上层清液;加入正已烷,充分震荡,反复用正己烷脱脂至溶液澄清;分层后,取乙腈层氮吹浓缩至近干,加入四氢呋喃洗瓶,定容并过0.22μm滤膜得到待测样品(虾肉提取液)。在其他实施例中,如待测物本身为液态,则不需预处理步骤,可直接作为待测样品。
根据本发明的POSS荧光多孔聚合物与呋喃西林的相互作用,呋喃西林能使所述POSS荧光多孔聚合物猝灭,且呋喃西林分子浓度X与荧光物质荧光猝灭Y具有线性关系(Y=-0.0864+33.05*X,R2=0.990),建立了一种呋喃西林荧光检测方法。该方法应用于虾肉组织中呋喃西林检测,结果满意。
如下表所示,将不同浓度的呋喃西林抗生素(2、4、6μM/L)加入到虾肉提取液(2μM/L)中进行加标测试,呋喃西林的回收率在99.0~110%,RSD小于1%。这些结果表明,荧光检测方法显示了在实际样品中直接检测呋喃西林的潜力。
实施例3:
本实施例对POSS荧光多孔聚合物的循环回收性能进行测试:
取制备得到的POSS荧光多孔聚合物分散液加入荧光比色皿,记录加入样品后的荧光猝灭程度。通过离心收集POSS荧光多孔聚合物并用无水级四氢呋喃洗涤数次,然后进行新一轮检测过程。如图4可知,经过9次循环以后材料的回收利用性能较稳定,呋喃西林的荧光猝灭率仍保持在70%以上(RSD=5.8%)。
Claims (10)
1.一种硝基呋喃类抗生素的检测方法,其特征在于:以POSS荧光多孔聚合物为荧光物质,采用荧光猝灭法测量待测样品中待测硝基呋喃类抗生素的浓度。
2.根据权利要求1所述的硝基呋喃类抗生素的检测方法,其特征在于,具体步骤是:将待测样品加入到POSS荧光多孔聚合物分散液中混合,通过分析加入待测样品前后的荧光信号强度变化,得出待测样品中待测硝基呋喃类抗生素的浓度。
3.根据权利要求2所述的硝基呋喃类抗生素的检测方法,其特征在于:POSS荧光多孔聚合物分散液的制备方法是:
(1)制备POSS荧光多孔聚合物;
(2)对POSS荧光多孔聚合物进行分散预处理,得到POSS荧光多孔聚合物分散液。
4.根据权利要求3所述的硝基呋喃类抗生素的检测方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中的POSS荧光多孔聚合物是由乙烯基POSS与1,3,5-三(4-溴苯基)苯通过Heck反应制备得到。
5.根据权利要求4所述的硝基呋喃类抗生素的检测方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)的具体步骤是:在氮气环境下,将乙烯基POSS、四(三苯基膦)钯和K2CO3与N,N-二甲基甲酰胺混合,在室温下搅拌混合物并用氮气鼓泡搅拌,然后加入1,3,5-三(4-溴苯基)苯,所得溶液在120℃下搅拌48h,反应结束后将产物过滤、洗涤及纯化,在真空条件下干燥得到POSS荧光多孔聚合物。
6.根据权利要求5所述的硝基呋喃类抗生素的检测方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(2)的具体步骤是:称取步骤(1)中制得的POSS荧光多孔聚合物,研磨后加入无水级四氢呋喃,超声得到1mg/mL的分散均匀的POSS荧光多孔聚合物分散液。
7.根据权利要求2所述的硝基呋喃类抗生素的检测方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
(1)取待测物制成待测样品备用,同时配制不同浓度的待测硝基呋喃类抗生素的标准样品备用;
(2)将POSS荧光多孔聚合物分散液放入荧光分光光度计的样品池中进行扫描,记录得到荧光强度,每次将不同浓度的标准样品加入到POSS荧光多孔聚合物分散液中,每次产生的荧光强度由检测器检测并记录,经数据处理得到待测硝基呋喃类抗生素的浓度与荧光强度的线性方程;
(3)将所述POSS荧光多孔聚合物放入荧光分光光度计的样品池中进行扫描,记录得到荧光强度,取待测样品加入到所述POSS荧光多孔聚合物中,然后将光检测器检测到的荧光强度代入步骤(2)所得线性方程中,得到待测样品中待测硝基呋喃类抗生素的浓度。
8.根据权利要求7所述的硝基呋喃类抗生素的检测方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中待测物制成待测样品的方法是采用提取溶剂对待测物进行提取得到待测样品。
9.根据权利要求8所述的硝基呋喃类抗生素的检测方法,其特征在于:当待测样品是虾肉,步骤(1)中对待测样品的制备步骤是:取绞碎混匀后的虾肉,每份加入同重量的无水硫酸钠研磨均匀后置于离心管中,加入提取溶剂高速匀浆混合提取30min,8000r/min离心10min,移取上层清液,残渣按以上操作重复提取两次,合并上层清液;加入正已烷,充分震荡,反复用正己烷脱脂至溶液澄清;分层后,取乙腈层氮吹浓缩至近干,加入四氢呋喃洗瓶,定容并过0.22μm滤膜,得虾肉提取液即待测样品。
10.根据权利要求9所述的硝基呋喃类抗生素的检测方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)和步骤(3)中,荧光分光光度计的参数设置为激发和发射光狭缝为3nm,室温下以激发波长为380nm的激发光扫描,所述POSS荧光多孔聚合物的最佳发射波长为445nm。
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CN113121842A (zh) * | 2021-04-30 | 2021-07-16 | 华北电力大学 | 一种基于锆基金属有机框架材料、制备及其在硝基呋喃类抗生素处理中的应用 |
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CN110845737A (zh) * | 2019-11-19 | 2020-02-28 | 南京林业大学 | 一种检测镁离子的poss-大黄酸荧光探针及其制备方法 |
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CN113121842A (zh) * | 2021-04-30 | 2021-07-16 | 华北电力大学 | 一种基于锆基金属有机框架材料、制备及其在硝基呋喃类抗生素处理中的应用 |
CN113740309A (zh) * | 2021-09-28 | 2021-12-03 | 广东悠质检测技术有限公司 | 一种化妆品中硝基呋喃类抗生素测定分析方法 |
CN113740309B (zh) * | 2021-09-28 | 2024-02-27 | 广东悠质检测技术有限公司 | 一种化妆品中硝基呋喃类抗生素测定分析方法 |
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