CN109540845A - A kind of water quality monitoring method using UAV flight's spectrometer - Google Patents
A kind of water quality monitoring method using UAV flight's spectrometer Download PDFInfo
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- CN109540845A CN109540845A CN201811582254.3A CN201811582254A CN109540845A CN 109540845 A CN109540845 A CN 109540845A CN 201811582254 A CN201811582254 A CN 201811582254A CN 109540845 A CN109540845 A CN 109540845A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/55—Specular reflectivity
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
- G01N2021/0106—General arrangement of respective parts
- G01N2021/0112—Apparatus in one mechanical, optical or electronic block
Abstract
A kind of method using UAV flight's spectrometer monitoring water quality of disclosure of the invention, steps are as follows: using the water quality parameter on RBR multi-parameter water quality measuring instrument measurement water body surface layer, comprising: chlorophyll-a concentration, turbidity；UAV flight's spectrometer hovers over specified waters overhead, air system UAV flight spectrometer is manipulated by the remote control software that ground laptop configures and obtains water body reflectivity Iw, and ground system spectrometer measurement blank reflectivity obtains Ir downlink irradiation level；With ater hood covering asd spectrometer probe, setting asd spectrometer different exposure time measures, obtains noise data Id of the instrument under different exposure time, calculate reflectivity；Extract two wavelength bands of 380nm-390nm and 890nm-900nm, energy function is fitted by linear and nonlinear two ways, each wave band solar reflection optical energy is represented with the energy function, subtracting energy function value in each wave band of initial data can be obtained the result of removal solar reflection optical.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of inversion methods of water quality parameter, concretely relate to a kind of utilization UAV flight's spectrum
Instrument establishes the relational model of water quality parameter and Reservoir water surface spectral reflectance, to obtain water quality parameter using spectral reflectivity inverting
Method.
Background technique
Inland lake, river are the important storages of freshwater resources, are related to the safe drinking water, public health and disease of people
Disease control, water quality condition is related to entire ecological environment more in broad sense.However, with economic society rapid development and industry
The influence of the aggravation of change degree and human activity, the Water ecoenvironment of river and lake is faced with stern challenge: river dries up lake
Atrophy, water environment situation deteriorate, and river and lake functional deterioration etc., these Ecology events cause the strong repercussion of the public.Government's wound
New to propose " the long system in river ", i.e. the river that the chief leading cadre of governments at all levels serves as local important river is long, to be responsible for river, water source
The improvement and protection of the water environment, water resource on ground, to the end of the year in 2018 before establish " river long system " comprehensively.River and lake administrative protection is one
The complicated system engineering of item, needs adaptation to local conditions, this requires a set of specification, efficient and convenient and fast monitoring method.
Water quality monitoring is the main foundation of water quality assessment and water prevention and cure of pollution.The detection side of China rivers and lakes water quality routine
Method is acquisition water sample, then carries out lab analysis, and use single parameter evaluation number method or multi-parameter according to analysis data
Comprehensive evaluation carry out water quality assessment.Although this method can make accurate analysis and evaluation to numerous water quality indicators,
It is time-consuming and laborious, it is uneconomical；And the limited amount of water sampling and analysis does not have typical for entire rivers and lakes
Represent meaning.The emergence and development of remote sensing technology provide new opportunity and selection to the monitoring and evaluation of water quality.Traditional remote sensing prison
Survey method can reflect distribution and situation of change of the water quality on room and time, it is found that some local sampling methods are difficult to disclose
Pollution sources and contaminant transportation feature.However, variation is fast, and influence factor is more, satellite since most rivers and lakes scale is smaller
The lower requirement for not being able to satisfy monitoring accuracy of remote sensing room and time resolution ratio.For this reason, it may be necessary to design corresponding technical solution to
Give solution.
Summary of the invention
The present invention be directed to the shortcomings of the prior art, provide a kind of based on UAV flight's spectrometer monitoring water quality
Method, establish the relational model of Reservoir water surface spectral reflectance and water quality parameter, pass through water body reflectivity inverting obtain water quality ginseng
Number, meets actual operation requirements.
To solve the above problems, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
A method of water quality is monitored based on UAV flight's spectrometer, establishes Reservoir water surface spectral reflectance and water quality parameter
Relational model, pass through water body reflectivity inverting obtain water quality parameter comprising following steps: (1) water quality parameter obtain: use
The water quality parameter on RBR multi-parameter water quality measuring instrument measurement water body surface layer, comprising: chlorophyll-a concentration, turbidity；
(2) water body reflectivity obtains: whole system is divided into two parts of air system and ground system, UAV flight's light
Spectrometer hovers over specified waters overhead, manipulates air system unmanned plane by the remote control software that ground laptop configures
Carrying spectrometer acquisition water body reflectivity Iw, ground system spectrometer measurement blank reflectivity acquisition Ir downlink irradiation level, two
Spectrometer operation is synchronous to be carried out.
(3) spectrometer noise removal: with ater hood covering asd spectrometer probe, setting asd spectrometer difference exposes
It is measured between light time, obtains noise data Id of the instrument under different exposure time, calculate reflectivity；
(4) water surface solar reflection optical removes: asd spectrometer wave band resolution ratio is 1nm, and range 325nm-1075nm is mentioned
Two wavelength bands of 380nm-390nm and 890nm-900nm are taken, energy function is fitted by linear and nonlinear two ways,
Each wave band solar reflection optical energy is represented with the energy function, subtracting energy function value in each wave band of initial data can be obtained
Except the result of solar reflection optical；
(5) water body reflectivity and water quality parameter relational model: the reflectivity for each water body that previous step is obtained is the same as each water quality
Parameter distinguishes opening relationships model, chooses optimal single band and multiband combination as factor inverting water quality parameter.
As an improvement of the above technical solution, water quality parameter measurement instrument device position described in step (1) is under water away from water meter
Within the 0.5m of face, location is identical as spectra collection when survey.
As an improvement of the above technical solution, the height of aircraft flight described in step (2) should ensure that in the visual field without riverbank
It influences, is water body in visual field, two, vacant lot spectrometer synchro measure, the time for exposure is set as identical according to distribution of light intensity.
As an improvement of the above technical solution, two instruments described in step (3) need to carry out multiple groups to identical atural object
Measurement carries out instrumental calibration.
As an improvement of the above technical solution, in step (5) established model, it is right therewith to choose according to different quality parameter
The optimal band value answered carries out inverting.
Compared with prior art, implementation result of the invention is as follows by the present invention:
This programme, which monitors water quality by UAV system, has that monitoring range is wide, speed is fast, at low cost and be convenient for growing
The advantages of phase dynamic monitoring, and the lower disadvantage of Satellite Remote Sensing spatial and temporal resolution can be made up, can emphasis monitoring it is certain heavy
Want waters.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is for the system structure diagram of unmanned plane of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Illustrate the contents of the present invention below in conjunction with specific embodiments.
It is as shown in Figure 1: the system structure diagram of unmanned plane of the present invention.
(1) system is constructed
Entire unmanned plane monitoring water quality data acquisition system can be divided into Aerial parts and above ground portion, as shown in Figure 1:
Aerial parts specifically include that a unmanned aerial vehicle platform as main body 1 and component matched with its, is such as equipped on nobody
First spectrometer 5 of machine head 2, the microcomputer 3 connecting with the first spectrometer 5 provide wireless network for microcomputer 3
The 4G signal card 4 of signal controls the ground remote control equipment 6 of unmanned plane during flying, configures the laptop 7 of tele-control system,
Second spectrometer 8 of ground survey downlink irradiation level and blank 9 etc.；Wherein, the first spectrometer 5 and the second spectrometer 8 are vertical
It is directed toward the monitoring water surface, 4G signal card 4 is inserted into microcomputer 3, and microcomputer 3 passes through the infinite net that 4G signal card 4 provides
Network is connected with ground control segment, and is started according to the requirement of ground control base station, stopped, being closed, and receiving sensor is supervised
The spectroscopic data measured, and pass through wireless network real-time delivery to ground base station for ground controller's real time review.
(2) method based on UAV flight's spectrometer monitoring water quality, establishes Reservoir water surface spectral reflectance and water quality parameter
Relational model, pass through water body reflectivity inverting obtain water quality parameter, comprising the following steps:
(1) water quality parameter obtains: using the water quality parameter on RBR multi-parameter water quality measuring instrument measurement water body surface layer, comprising: leaf
Green element a concentration, turbidity；
(2) water body reflectivity obtains: whole system is divided into two parts of air system and ground system, UAV flight's light
Spectrometer hovers over specified waters overhead, manipulates air system unmanned plane by the remote control software that ground laptop configures
Carrying spectrometer acquisition water body reflectivity Iw, ground system spectrometer measurement blank reflectivity acquisition Ir downlink irradiation level, two
Spectrometer operation is synchronous to be carried out.
(3) spectrometer noise removal: with ater hood covering asd spectrometer probe, setting asd spectrometer difference exposes
It is measured between light time, obtains noise data Id of the instrument under different exposure time, calculate reflectivity；
(4) water surface solar reflection optical removes: asd spectrometer wave band resolution ratio is 1nm, and range 325nm-1075nm is mentioned
Two wavelength bands of 380nm-390nm and 890nm-900nm are taken, energy function is fitted by linear and nonlinear two ways,
Each wave band solar reflection optical energy is represented with the energy function, subtracting energy function value in each wave band of initial data can be obtained
Except the result of solar reflection optical；
(5) water body reflectivity and water quality parameter relational model: the reflectivity for each water body that previous step is obtained is the same as each water quality
Parameter distinguishes opening relationships model, chooses optimal single band and multiband combination as factor inverting water quality parameter.
Specifically, water quality parameter measurement instrument device position described in step (1) under water away from water surface 0.5m within, when survey, surveys
Position is identical as spectra collection；The height of aircraft flight described in step (2) should ensure that in the visual field to be influenced without riverbank, is in visual field
Water body, two, vacant lot spectrometer synchro measure, time for exposure are set as identical according to distribution of light intensity；Two described in step (3)
Instrument needs to carry out multiple groups measurement to identical atural object, carries out instrumental calibration；It, should be according to different water in step (5) established model
Matter parameter chooses corresponding optimal band value and carries out inverting.
The present invention is monitored using unmanned plane photographic remote sensing has that monitoring range is wide, speed is fast, at low cost and be convenient for same
The advantages of carrying out long-term dynamics monitoring, fundamentally compensates for the lower disadvantage of Satellite Remote Sensing spatial and temporal resolution, and can
Emphasis monitors certain important waters, becomes study frontier hot spot.
The foregoing is a detailed description of the present invention in conjunction with specific embodiments, and it cannot be said that the present invention is specifically real
It applies and is only limitted to these explanations.For those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs, before not departing from present inventive concept
It puts, a number of simple deductions or replacements can also be made, all shall be regarded as belonging to the scope of protection of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of method based on UAV flight's spectrometer monitoring water quality, establishes Reservoir water surface spectral reflectance and water quality parameter
Relational model obtains water quality parameter by water body reflectivity inverting, comprising the following steps: (1) water quality parameter obtains: using RBR
The water quality parameter on multi-parameter water quality measuring instrument measurement water body surface layer, comprising: chlorophyll-a concentration, turbidity；
(2) water body reflectivity obtains: whole system is divided into two parts of air system and ground system, UAV flight's spectrometer
Specified waters overhead is hovered over, air system UAV flight is manipulated by the remote control software that ground laptop configures
Spectrometer obtains water body reflectivity Iw, and ground system spectrometer measurement blank reflectivity obtains Ir downlink irradiation level, two spectrum
Instrument operation is synchronous to be carried out；
(3) it spectrometer noise removal: is popped one's head in ater hood covering asd spectrometer, when setting asd spectrometer difference exposes
Between measure, obtain noise data Id of the instrument under different exposure time, calculate reflectivity；
(4) water surface solar reflection optical removes: asd spectrometer wave band resolution ratio is 1nm, range 325nm-1075nm, is extracted
Two wavelength bands of 380nm-390nm and 890nm-900nm are fitted energy function by linear and nonlinear two ways, with
The energy function represents each wave band solar reflection optical energy, and subtracting energy function value in each wave band of initial data can be obtained removal
The result of solar reflection optical；
(5) water body reflectivity and water quality parameter relational model: the reflectivity for each water body that previous step is obtained is the same as each water quality parameter
Opening relationships model respectively chooses optimal single band and multiband combination as factor inverting water quality parameter.
2. the method according to claim 1 based on UAV flight's spectrometer monitoring water quality, it is characterised in that: step (1)
Described in water quality parameter measurement instrument device position under water away from water surface 0.5m within, location is identical as spectra collection when survey.
3. the method according to claim 1 based on UAV flight's spectrometer monitoring water quality, it is characterised in that: step (2)
Middle aircraft flight height should ensure that without riverbank influence in the visual field in, be water body in visual field, two, vacant lot spectrometer synchro measure,
Time for exposure is set as identical according to distribution of light intensity.
4. the method according to claim 1 based on UAV flight's spectrometer monitoring water quality, it is characterised in that: step (3)
Described in two instruments need to identical atural object carry out multiple groups measurement, carry out instrumental calibration.
5. the method according to claim 1 based on UAV flight's spectrometer monitoring water quality, it is characterised in that: in step
(5) in established model, corresponding optimal band value should be chosen according to different quality parameter and carries out inverting.
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Cited By (5)
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| CN110320163A (en) * | 2019-06-26 | 2019-10-11 | 深圳市宇驰检测技术股份有限公司 | Online water quality monitoring method, system and the storage medium of unmanned plane |
| CN110389114A (en) * | 2019-07-23 | 2019-10-29 | 上海市水文总站 | A kind of medium and small water quality kind identification method based on unmanned plane imaging spectral |
| CN110865040A (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2020-03-06 | 深圳航天智慧城市系统技术研究院有限公司 | Sky-ground integrated hyperspectral water quality monitoring and analyzing method |
| CN110954484A (en) * | 2019-12-09 | 2020-04-03 | 南京搜天数据科技有限公司 | Method for evaluating urban river water quality by using multispectral data of unmanned aerial vehicle |
| CN112903631A (en) * | 2021-01-25 | 2021-06-04 | 杭州师范大学 | Inland river surface water body reflection spectrum navigation observation method |
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| CN110954484A (en) * | 2019-12-09 | 2020-04-03 | 南京搜天数据科技有限公司 | Method for evaluating urban river water quality by using multispectral data of unmanned aerial vehicle |
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| CN112903631B (en) * | 2021-01-25 | 2024-02-09 | 杭州师范大学 | Inland river surface water body reflection spectrum navigation observation method |
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Application publication date: 20190329 |