CN109540587B - Automatic soil sample collecting device - Google Patents
Automatic soil sample collecting device Download PDFInfo
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- CN109540587B CN109540587B CN201910023965.5A CN201910023965A CN109540587B CN 109540587 B CN109540587 B CN 109540587B CN 201910023965 A CN201910023965 A CN 201910023965A CN 109540587 B CN109540587 B CN 109540587B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/04—Devices for withdrawing samples in the solid state, e.g. by cutting
- G01N1/08—Devices for withdrawing samples in the solid state, e.g. by cutting involving an extracting tool, e.g. core bit
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N2001/021—Correlating sampling sites with geographical information, e.g. GPS
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Abstract
An automatic soil sample collecting device belongs to the technical field of mechanical engineering, wherein a soil conveying port of a soil sample collecting mechanism is communicated with a soil feeding port of a soil sample transporting mechanism, and a soil unloading cylinder of the soil sample transporting mechanism penetrates through a rotary cylinder of the soil sample collecting mechanism and is fixedly connected with the rotary cylinder; the upper end of a shell of the soil sample transporting mechanism is fixedly connected with the lower end of a circular plate I of the soil sample collecting mechanism; outer ring teeth of a gear disc of the soil sample collecting mechanism are meshed with a gear at the output end of the motor I; the lower part of a screw rod of the soil sampling mechanism is in threaded connection with a rod sleeve of a sleeve power mechanism and the center of the bottom of a sleeve; a motor V of the integral transposition mechanism is fixedly connected to the center of the lower end face of the shell, and a gear at the output end of the motor V is meshed with the incomplete gear; the RFID reader-writer is fixedly connected with the connecting plate. The invention has compact structure, can be used on an unmanned sampling vehicle, can realize multipoint sampling and identify the geographic position information of the soil sample, avoids the influence on the earth surface caused by the collected soil sample, has automation in the whole process and has high working efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of mechanical engineering, and particularly relates to an automatic soil sample collecting device.
Background
Soil is particularly important in the growing of crops. With unreasonable development of mineral resources, sewage irrigation and large-scale use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers, soil pollution is increasingly serious. Pollutants in cultivated land enter human bodies through the enrichment in crops, and serious threat is caused to the health of people. In addition, contaminants in the field can have an adverse effect on the growth of the crop, which in turn affects its yield. Therefore, in the field of agricultural research, analysis of the composition of pollutants in soil is very important. Because the distribution of contaminants in soil varies from region to region, scheduling samples of soil requires collecting soil at different depths and regions. In China, the intelligent degree of the soil collector is not high, the operation is complex, most of the soil collectors need to be collected manually, and time and labor are wasted. When the highly polluted soil is collected, potential safety hazards exist on the human body, and the defect exists to a certain extent.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is: the unmanned sampling vehicle can automatically collect soil in different regions of a farmland, manpower is not needed, and efficiency is high. Through the integrated design of all parts of the device, the soil collecting device of the unmanned sampling vehicle is provided.
The invention is composed of a sample soil collecting mechanism A, a sample soil transporting mechanism B, a sample soil collecting mechanism C, a sleeve power mechanism D, an integral transposition mechanism E, RFID reader-writer 1 and a connecting plate 2, wherein: the soil feeding port 5 in the soil sampling mechanism A is communicated with the soil feeding port 14 in the soil transporting mechanism B, the soil unloading cylinder 17 in the soil transporting mechanism B passes through the rotary cylinder 6 in the soil sampling mechanism A and is fixedly connected with the rotary cylinder, and the upper end of the casing 15 in the soil transporting mechanism B is fixedly connected with the lower end surface of the circular plate I7 in the soil sampling mechanism A; the gear teeth of the outer ring of the gear disc 31 in the soil sample collecting mechanism C are meshed with the gear of the motor I12 of the soil sample collecting mechanism A, and the outer ring of the bearing 9 in the soil sample collecting mechanism A is fixedly connected with the inner ring of the central hole of the gear disc 31 in the soil sample collecting mechanism C; the lower part of a screw rod 10 in the soil sampling mechanism A is respectively in threaded connection with a central threaded hole of a rod sleeve 41 in the sleeve power mechanism D and a boss threaded hole at the bottom of a sleeve 36; the lower end face of the incomplete gear 49 in the integral transposition mechanism E is fixedly connected with the upper end face of the sleeve 36 in the sleeve power mechanism D; the motor V45 in the integral transposition mechanism E is fixedly connected to the center of the lower end face of the shell 47, and a gear at the output end of the motor V45 is meshed with the incomplete gear 49; two upward projection points of the center of the large collecting cylinder 26 in the soil sample collecting mechanism C and the center of the rotary cylinder 6 of the soil sample collecting mechanism A are at different positions on a reference circle of the incomplete gear 49; the connecting plate 2 is fixedly connected to the right side of the bottom of the shell 47 in the integral transposition mechanism E, and the RFID reader-writer 1 is positioned on the right side of the soil unloading cylinder 17 in the sample soil transporting mechanism B and is fixedly connected with the connecting plate 1; in operation, the threaded hole group 46 on the top surface of the shell in the integral transposition mechanism E is connected with the sampling vehicle bolt.
The soil sample collecting mechanism A comprises a drill bit 3, a soil shoveling plate 4, a soil conveying opening 5, a rotary drum 6, a circular plate I7, a circular plate II 8, a bearing 9, a screw rod 10, a transverse plate 11, a motor I12 and a bolt I13, wherein the bottom of the rotary drum 6 is provided with a screw auger-shaped drill bit 3, the soil shoveling plate 4 is tangent to and fixedly connected with a screw auger surface of the drill bit 3, and the soil conveying opening 5 is formed obliquely above the tangent position of the soil shoveling plate 4 and the drill bit 3; a conical cylinder is fixed in the middle of the drill bit 3; the rotary drum 6, the circular plate I7, the circular plate II 8, the bearing 9 and the screw rod 10 are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, wherein the lower surface of the circular plate I7 is fixedly connected with the top end of the rotary drum 6, the circular plate II 8 is fixedly connected with the circular plate I7 through a bolt I13, the bearing 9 is movably connected with the center of the upper surface of the circular plate II 8, the outer ring of the bearing 9 is fixedly connected with a key, the lower end of the screw rod 10 is in interference fit connection with the inner ring of the bearing 9, and the lower end; the round hole end of the transverse plate 11 is fixedly connected with the lower bottom surface of the boss threaded hole of the sleeve 36, the screw rod 10 can pass through the round hole of the transverse plate 11 and is not contacted with the round hole, and the other end of the transverse plate 11 is fixedly connected with the motor I12 with a gear at the output end.
The soil sample conveying mechanism B consists of a soil feeding port 14, a shell 15, a motor II 16, a soil discharging cylinder 17, a shell hole I18, a shell hole II 19, a shell hole III 20, a belt wheel I21, a belt wheel II 22, a bent plate group 23, a short stick pair 24 and a belt 25, wherein the upper end of the shell 15 is square, the lower end of the shell 15 is semi-cylindrical, and the right side of the lower end of the shell 15 is provided with the soil feeding port 14; the belt wheel I21 is movably connected to the shell hole I18 close to the upper end of the shell 15 through a pin, the belt wheel II 22 is movably connected to the shell hole III 20 close to the lower end of the shell 15 through a pin, the motor II 16 is fixedly connected to the front of the shell hole I18 close to the upper end of the shell 15, and the output end of the motor II 16 is fixedly connected with the belt wheel II 22; the short stick pair 24 is movably connected with the shell hole II 19 on the shell 15 through a pin shaft; the bent plate group 23 consists of 30 bent plates, the 30 bent plates are uniformly distributed and fixedly connected to the outer side of the belt 25, and the width of each bent plate is smaller than that of the belt 25; the soil unloading cylinder 17 is fixedly connected to one side of the upper end of the casing 15 and is communicated with the casing 15.
The soil sample collecting mechanism C consists of a large collecting cylinder 26, a hanging rod pair 27, a small collecting cylinder assembly F, a gear disc 31, a motor III 32 and a soil blocking plate 33, wherein the small collecting cylinder assembly F consists of 9 small collecting cylinder groups, each small collecting cylinder group consists of a small collecting cylinder 28, a hanging rod 29 and an RFID chip 30, the lower end of the hanging rod 29 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the outer side of the small collecting cylinder 28, and the RFID chip 30 is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the outer side of the small collecting cylinder 28; the lower ends of two hanging rods of the hanging rod pair 27 are fixedly connected to the upper surfaces of two outer sides of the large collecting cylinder 26; the center of the large collecting cylinder 26 forms an included angle theta with the centers of two adjacent small collecting cylinders 28149.17 degrees, 9 small collecting barrels, except the first and the ninth small collecting barrels, the included angle between the centers of every two small collecting barrels 28 is theta2Equal, 32.73 °; gear teeth are arranged at the edge of the gear disc 31, a key slot hole is arranged at the center of the gear disc 31, the upper ends of two hanging rods of the hanging rod pair 27 of the large collecting cylinder 26 are fixedly connected to the edge near the lower surface of the gear disc 31, and the upper ends of 9 hanging rods 29 of 9 small collecting cylinders are fixedly connected to a concentric circle of a central hole below the gear disc 31; the motor III 32 is fixedly connected to the outer lower surface of the large collecting cylinder 26, and the output end of the motor III 32 is connected with the soil retaining plate 33.
The sleeve power mechanism D is composed of a position sensor 34, a bolt II 35, a sleeve 36, a motor IV 37, a ball bearing I38, a bolt group 39, a sealing cover 40, a rod sleeve 41, a gear I42, a gear II 43 and a ball bearing II 44. Wherein the position sensor 34 is fixedly connected to the right inner wall of the upper part of the sleeve 36; the center of the bottom surface of the sleeve 36 is provided with a boss threaded hole matched with the screw rod 10 in a threaded manner; a central hole is arranged on the sealing cover 40, and a side hole is arranged at the edge of the sealing cover 40 close to the right side; the sealing cover 40, the ball bearing I38, the gear I42 and the ball bearing II 44 are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, the centers of the sealing cover 40, the ball bearing I38, the gear I42 and the ball bearing II 44 are on the same vertical line, the sealing cover 40 is fixedly connected to a boss at the inner lower part of the sleeve 36 through 4 bolts of the bolt group 39, and the ball bearing I38, the gear I42 and the ball bearing II 44 are pressed and limited by the sealing cover 40; a central threaded hole is formed in the rod sleeve 41, and the outer ring of the rod sleeve 41 is in key connection with a central hole of the gear I42; the motor IV 37 is fixedly connected above the sealing cover 40 in the sleeve 36, an output shaft of the motor IV 37 penetrates through a side hole of the sealing cover 40, the lower end of the output shaft of the motor IV 37 is fixedly connected with a gear II 43, and the gear II 43 is meshed with the gear I42.
The integral transposition mechanism E consists of a motor V45, a threaded hole group 46, a shell 47, a guide rod 48, an incomplete gear 49 and a ball bearing III 50, wherein the threaded hole group 46 is arranged on the upper end face of the shell 47 and consists of four threaded holes which are uniformly distributed on the middle circle of the upper end face of the shell 47; a counter bore is arranged near the edge of the upper end face of the shell 47, the outer ring of the ball bearing III 50 is in interference connection with the inner groove of the counter bore, and the inner ring of the ball bearing III 50 is fixedly connected with the upper end of the guide rod 48; the center of the incomplete gear 49 is fixedly connected with the inner side of the lower end of the guide rod 48, and the lower end face of the incomplete gear 49 is fixedly connected with the upper end face of the sleeve 36.
The working process of the automatic soil sample collecting device is as follows:
when boring the soil sample, motor IV 37 forward rotation drives gear I42 forward rotation to gear I42 forward rotation drives the lead screw 10 rotatory, because sleeve 36 bottom have one can with lead screw 10 matched with boss screw hole, can move down in vertical direction when the lead screw 10 is rotatory, thereby move down in vertical direction when driving rotary drum 6 rotatory. When the motor IV 37 rotates in the forward direction, the rotary drum 6 rotates in the forward direction along with the screw rod 10 and moves downwards. The drill bit 3 and the shovel plate 4 rotate along with the rotary cylinder 6, the shovel plate 4 cuts soil, and a soil sample enters the soil feeding port 5 along the auger helicoids of the shovel plate 4 and the drill bit 3. When the soil drilling and sampling work is carried out, the motor II 16 works to drive the belt wheel I21 and the belt wheel II 22 to rotate simultaneously, further, the belt 25 and the bent plate on the belt wheel I21 are driven to rotate around the belt wheel I21, the short stick pair 24 is in contact with the edge of the surface of the belt 25 to enable the belt 25 to incline inwards and rotate along with the movement of the belt 25, and the width of the bent plate is smaller than that of the belt 25 so as not to influence the rotation of the short stick pair 24 along with the movement of the belt 25. The soil sample passing through the soil feeding port 5 enters the feeding port 14, the bent plate scrapes the soil sample entering the feeding port 14, and the soil sample enters the bent plate. When the soil sample moves to the belt wheel I21 at the upper part of the shell 15 along with the bent plate, the soil sample in the bent plate is separated from the bent plate and enters the soil unloading cylinder 17 under the action of gravity and centrifugal force.
The soil sample slides down from the soil unloading cylinder 17 and enters a large collecting cylinder 26 right below the soil unloading cylinder 17. When the shoveling plate 4 reaches the depth required to take the soil sample, the motor IV 37 stops working temporarily, and the rotating cylinder 6 stops rotating along with the motor IV. The motor I12 drives the gear at the output end to rotate in the forward direction to drive the gear disc 31 to rotate theta1Then the rotation is stopped, the first small collecting cylinder 28 reaches the position right below the soil discharging opening, and the motor I12 stops working. The motor IV 37 starts to work again, the rotary drum 6 also starts to rotate, and soil samples enter the small collecting drum 28 from the soil unloading drum 17. When the soil sample with the required depth is collected, the motor IV 37 stops working temporarily, and the rotary drum 6 stops rotating along with the motor IV. The motor I12 drives the gear at the output end to rotate reversely to drive the gear disc 31 to rotate reversely theta1The rotation is then stopped and the small collection cylinder 28 and the large collection cylinder 26 return to their original positions. Similarly, when the shoveling plate 4 reaches the depth required to take the soil sample again, the motor I12 drives the gear disc 31 to rotate by theta1+θ2Then, the rotation is stopped, and the second small collecting cylinder 28 reaches the position right below the soil unloading cylinder 17 to collect the soil sample. When the soil sample of the required depth is collected, the small collecting cylinder 28 and the large collecting cylinder 26 are returned to the original position again. By analogy, the next small collecting cylinder 28 collects the shoveling plate 4 and takes a soil sample when the required depth is reached next time.
When the small collecting cylinder 28 is about to reach the soil unloading cylinder 17, the RFID chip 30 on the small collecting cylinder 28 is in the sensing area of the RFID reader-writer 1, the computer acquires the geographic position information of the sampling point by controlling the GPS navigation system, and the acquired geographic position information is written into the RFID chip 30 at one time through the RFID reader-writer 1. Thus, the geographic location information of the soil sample can be identified by the stored information within the RFID chip 30 on the small collection cylinder 28.
When the small collecting cylinder 28 collects the soil sample, the quilt is coveredThe ground surface after sampling will also leave a cylindrical pit. After soil sample sampling at one position is finished, the motor IV 37 rotates reversely to drive the rotary drum 6 to rotate reversely and move in the vertical direction at the same time until the position sensor 34 detects that the upper end of the screw rod 10 returns to the initial position, and at the moment, the drill 3 is higher than the ground. Then, the motor V45 on the upper end surface in the shell 47 drives the gear on the output end to rotate, and drives the incomplete gear 49 to rotate in the positive direction by theta3After stop, theta3The included angle formed by the connecting lines of two projection points of the center of the large collecting cylinder 26 and the center of the rotary drum 6 projected upwards on the reference circle of the incomplete gear 49 and the center of the incomplete gear 49 is respectively included. At the moment, the center of the large collecting cylinder 26 reaches the original position of the center of the rotary drum 6, the motor III 32 connected with the outer surface of the large collecting cylinder 26 drives the soil retaining plate 33 to rotate forwards by 90 degrees, and the soil sample in the large collecting cylinder 26 falls into the cylindrical soil pit under the action of gravity. After that, the motor iii 32 drives the retaining plate 33 to rotate in reverse by 90 °, and the retaining plate 33 is restored to the original position. The V45 gear of the motor rotates reversely to drive the incomplete gear 49 to rotate reversely theta3And then stopping, and restoring the original state of the whole device.
The invention can install different numbers of small collecting barrels on the gear plate of the collecting part according to the number of the collected soil samples to change theta1And theta2The size of the soil sample collection device is matched with the work of soil sample collection. Each motor driving control system and each digging depth control system adopt distributed control and are connected with an embedded computer through a system bus.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the device is arranged on the unmanned sampling vehicle, and the design of the device realizes multipoint sampling and geographic position information identification of the soil sample, and avoids the influence on the earth surface caused by the sampling of the soil sample. The whole process is automatic, manpower is not needed, and the efficiency is high.
2. The invention has the advantages of concentrated installation positions of parts, compact structure and no need of occupying larger space volume.
3. The structure for conveying and collecting the soil sample has high working efficiency, is different from a common sampler for conveying the soil sample by virtue of extrusion and friction among soil layers, and is not easy to block.
4. The invention automatically marks different geographical position information for the collected soil samples by combining with a computer system aiming at the soil samples at different geographical positions.
5. The auger helical structure of the drill bit of the soil drilling and sampling part is combined with the soil shoveling plate, so that soil can conveniently enter the soil conveying opening.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an automatic soil sample collecting device
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a soil sampling mechanism A
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a soil sample transporting mechanism B
FIG. 4 is a side view of the soil sample transport mechanism B
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the internal structure of a soil sample transporting mechanism B
FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of the bent plate 23
FIG. 7 is a half sectional view of a soil sample transport mechanism B
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of a soil sample collecting mechanism C
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the structure of a small collection cylinder group F
FIG. 10 is a plan view of the soil collecting mechanism C
FIG. 11 is a half-sectional view of a sleeve power mechanism D
FIG. 12 is an exploded view of the sleeve power mechanism D
FIG. 13 is a schematic structural view of the integral index mechanism E
FIG. 14 is a schematic view of the connection relationship between the integral shift mechanism E and the sleeve power mechanism D
FIG. 15 is a plan view of the integral index mechanism E
FIG. 16 is a sectional view of a ball bearing III 50
Wherein: A. the soil sampling mechanism B, the soil transporting mechanism C, the soil collecting mechanism D, the sleeve power mechanism E, the overall transposition mechanism F, the small collecting barrel set 1, the RFID reader-writer 2, the connecting plate 3, the drill 4, the soil shoveling plate 5, the soil feeding port 6, the rotary drum 7, the circular plate I8, the circular plate II 9, the bearing 10, the lead screw 11, the transverse plate 12, the motor I13, the bolt I14, the soil feeding port 15, the machine shell 16, the motor II 17, the soil unloading barrel 18, the shell hole I19, the shell hole II 20, the shell hole III 21, the belt wheel I22, the belt wheel II 23, the bent plate set 24, the short rod pair 25, the belt 26, the large collecting barrel 27, the hanging rod I28, the small collecting barrel 29, the hanging rod II 30, the RFID chip 31, the gear disc 32, the motor III 33, the soil blocking plate 34, the position sensor 35, the bolt II 36, the sleeve 37, the motor IV 38, the ball bearing I39, the bolt II 40, the cover 41. Gear I43, gear II 44, ball bearing II 45, motor V46, thread hole group 47, casing 48, guide rod 49, incomplete gear 50 and ball bearing III
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures:
as shown in fig. 1, the invention is composed of a sample soil collecting mechanism a, a sample soil transporting mechanism B, a sample soil collecting mechanism C, a sleeve power mechanism D, an integral transposition mechanism E, RFID reader-writer 1 and a connecting plate 2, wherein: the soil feeding port 5 in the soil sampling mechanism A is communicated with the soil feeding port 14 in the soil transporting mechanism B, the soil unloading cylinder 17 in the soil transporting mechanism B passes through the rotary cylinder 6 in the soil sampling mechanism A and is fixedly connected with the rotary cylinder, and the upper end of the casing 15 in the soil transporting mechanism B is fixedly connected with the lower end surface of the circular plate I7 in the soil sampling mechanism A; the gear teeth of the outer ring of the gear disc 31 in the soil sample collecting mechanism C are meshed with the gear of the motor I12 of the soil sample collecting mechanism A, and the outer ring of the bearing 9 in the soil sample collecting mechanism A is fixedly connected with the inner ring of the central hole of the gear disc 31 in the soil sample collecting mechanism C; the lower part of a screw rod 10 in the soil sampling mechanism A is respectively in threaded connection with a central threaded hole of a rod sleeve 41 in the sleeve power mechanism D and a boss threaded hole at the bottom of a sleeve 36; the lower end face of the incomplete gear 49 in the integral transposition mechanism E is fixedly connected with the upper end face of the sleeve 36 in the sleeve power mechanism D; the motor V45 in the integral transposition mechanism E is fixedly connected to the center of the lower end face of the shell 47, and a gear at the output end of the motor V45 is meshed with the incomplete gear 49; two upward projection points of the center of the large collecting cylinder 26 in the soil sample collecting mechanism C and the center of the rotary cylinder 6 of the soil sample collecting mechanism A are at different positions on a reference circle of the incomplete gear 49; the connecting plate 2 is fixedly connected to the right side of the bottom of the shell 47 in the integral transposition mechanism E, and the RFID reader-writer 1 is positioned on the right side of the soil unloading cylinder 17 in the sample soil transporting mechanism B and is fixedly connected with the connecting plate 1; in operation, the threaded hole group 46 on the top surface of the shell in the integral transposition mechanism E is connected with the sampling vehicle bolt.
As shown in fig. 2, the soil sampling mechanism a is composed of a drill bit 3, a soil shoveling plate 4, a soil conveying opening 5, a rotary drum 6, a circular plate i 7, a circular plate ii 8, a bearing 9, a screw rod 10, a transverse plate 11, a motor i 12 and a bolt i 13, wherein the bottom of the rotary drum 6 is provided with the auger-shaped drill bit 3, the soil shoveling plate 4 is tangent to and fixedly connected with the auger helicoid of the drill bit 3, and the soil conveying opening 5 is formed obliquely above the tangent position of the soil shoveling plate 4 and the drill bit 3; a conical cylinder is fixed in the middle of the drill bit 3; the rotary drum 6, the circular plate I7, the circular plate II 8, the bearing 9 and the screw rod 10 are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, wherein the lower surface of the circular plate I7 is fixedly connected with the top end of the rotary drum 6, the circular plate II 8 is fixedly connected with the circular plate I7 through a bolt I13, the bearing 9 is movably connected with the center of the upper surface of the circular plate II 8, the outer ring of the bearing 9 is fixedly connected with a key, the lower end of the screw rod 10 is in interference fit connection with the inner ring of the bearing 9, and the lower end; the round hole end of the transverse plate 11 is fixedly connected with the lower bottom surface of the boss threaded hole of the sleeve 36, the screw rod 10 can pass through the round hole of the transverse plate 11 and is not contacted with the round hole, and the other end of the transverse plate 11 is fixedly connected with the motor I12 with a gear at the output end.
As shown in fig. 3 to 7, the soil sample transporting mechanism B comprises a soil feeding port 14, a casing 15, a motor ii 16, a soil discharging cylinder 17, a casing hole i 18, a casing hole ii 19, a casing hole iii 20, a belt pulley i 21, a belt pulley ii 22, a bent plate group 23, a short stick pair 24 and a belt 25, wherein the upper end of the casing 15 is square, the lower end of the casing 15 is semi-cylindrical, and the right side of the lower end of the casing 15 is provided with the soil feeding port 14; the belt wheel I21 is movably connected to the shell hole I18 close to the upper end of the shell 15 through a pin, the belt wheel II 22 is movably connected to the shell hole III 20 close to the lower end of the shell 15 through a pin, the motor II 16 is fixedly connected to the front of the shell hole I18 close to the upper end of the shell 15, and the output end of the motor II 16 is fixedly connected with the belt wheel II 22; the short stick pair 24 is movably connected with the shell hole II 19 on the shell 15 through a pin shaft; the bent plate group 23 consists of 30 bent plates, the 30 bent plates are uniformly distributed and fixedly connected to the outer side of the belt 25, and the width of each bent plate is smaller than that of the belt 25; the soil unloading cylinder 17 is fixedly connected to one side of the upper end of the casing 15 and is communicated with the casing 15.
As shown in fig. 8 to 10, the soil sample collecting mechanism C comprises a large collecting cylinder 26, a hanging rod pair 27, a small collecting cylinder assembly F, a gear plate 31, a motor iii 32 and a soil retaining plate 33, the small collecting cylinder assembly F comprises 9 small collecting cylinder assemblies, each small collecting cylinder assembly comprises a small collecting cylinder 28, a hanging rod 29 and an RFID chip 30, the lower end of the hanging rod 29 is fixedly connected with the small collecting cylinder assembly F28, and the RFID chip 30 is fixedly connected with the lower surface of the outer side of the small collecting cylinder 28; the lower ends of two hanging rods of the hanging rod pair 27 are fixedly connected to the upper surfaces of two outer sides of the large collecting cylinder 26; the center of the large collecting cylinder 26 forms an included angle theta with the centers of two adjacent small collecting cylinders 28149.17 degrees, 9 small collecting barrels, except the first and the ninth small collecting barrels, the included angle between the centers of every two small collecting barrels 28 is theta2Equal, 32.73 °; gear teeth are arranged at the edge of the gear disc 31, a key slot hole is arranged at the center of the gear disc 31, the upper ends of two hanging rods of the hanging rod pair 27 of the large collecting cylinder 26 are fixedly connected to the edge near the lower surface of the gear disc 31, and the upper ends of 9 hanging rods 29 of 9 small collecting cylinders are fixedly connected to a concentric circle of a central hole below the gear disc 31; the motor III 32 is fixedly connected to the outer lower surface of the large collecting cylinder 26, and the output end of the motor III 32 is connected with the soil retaining plate 33.
As shown in fig. 11 and 12, the sleeve power mechanism D is composed of a position sensor 34, a bolt ii 35, a sleeve 36, a motor iv 37, a ball bearing i 38, a bolt group 39, a cover 40, a rod sleeve 41, a gear i 42, a gear ii 43, and a ball bearing ii 44. Wherein the position sensor 34 is fixedly connected to the right inner wall of the upper part of the sleeve 36; the center of the bottom surface of the sleeve 36 is provided with a boss threaded hole matched with the screw rod 10 in a threaded manner; a central hole is arranged on the sealing cover 40, and a side hole is arranged at the edge of the sealing cover 40 close to the right side; the sealing cover 40, the ball bearing I38, the gear I42 and the ball bearing II 44 are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, the centers of the sealing cover 40, the ball bearing I38, the gear I42 and the ball bearing II 44 are on the same vertical line, the sealing cover 40 is fixedly connected to a boss at the inner lower part of the sleeve 36 through 4 bolts of the bolt group 39, and the ball bearing I38, the gear I42 and the ball bearing II 44 are pressed and limited by the sealing cover 40; a central threaded hole is formed in the rod sleeve 41, and the outer ring of the rod sleeve 41 is in key connection with a central hole of the gear I42; the motor IV 37 is fixedly connected above the sealing cover 40 in the sleeve 36, an output shaft of the motor IV 37 penetrates through a side hole of the sealing cover 40, the lower end of the output shaft of the motor IV 37 is fixedly connected with a gear II 43, and the gear II 43 is meshed with the gear I42.
As shown in fig. 13 to 16, the integral transposition mechanism E is composed of a motor v 45, a thread hole group 46, a housing 47, a guide rod 48, an incomplete gear 49 and a ball bearing iii 50, the upper end surface of the housing 47 is provided with the thread hole group 46, the thread hole group is composed of four thread holes, and the thread holes are uniformly distributed on the middle circle of the upper end surface of the housing 47; a counter bore is arranged near the edge of the upper end face of the shell 47, the outer ring of the ball bearing III 50 is in interference connection with the inner groove of the counter bore, and the inner ring of the ball bearing III 50 is fixedly connected with the upper end of the guide rod 48; the center of the incomplete gear 49 is fixedly connected with the inner side of the lower end of the guide rod 48, and the lower end face of the incomplete gear 49 is fixedly connected with the upper end face of the sleeve 36.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a soil sample automatic acquisition device which characterized in that: constitute by gathering sample soil mechanism (A), transportation sample soil mechanism (B), collection sample soil mechanism (C), sleeve power unit (D), whole transposition mechanism (E), RFID read write line (1), connecting plate (2), wherein: a soil conveying port (5) in the soil sampling mechanism (A) is communicated with a soil feeding port (14) in the soil transporting mechanism (B), a soil unloading cylinder (17) in the soil transporting mechanism (B) penetrates through a rotary drum (6) in the soil sampling mechanism (A) and is fixedly connected with the rotary drum, and the upper end of a casing (15) in the soil transporting mechanism (B) is fixedly connected with the lower end face of a circular plate I (7) in the soil sampling mechanism (A); the gear teeth on the outer ring of the gear disc (31) in the soil sample collecting mechanism (C) are meshed with the gear of the motor I (12) of the soil sample collecting mechanism (A), and the outer ring of the bearing (9) in the soil sample collecting mechanism (A) is fixedly connected with a key which is fixedly connected with the inner ring of the central hole of the gear disc (31) in the soil sample collecting mechanism (C); the lower part of a screw rod (10) in the soil sampling mechanism (A) is respectively in threaded connection with a central threaded hole of a rod sleeve (41) in a sleeve power mechanism (D) and a boss threaded hole at the bottom of a sleeve (36); the lower end face of an incomplete gear (49) in the integral transposition mechanism (E) is fixedly connected with the upper end face of a sleeve (36) in the sleeve power mechanism (D); a motor V (45) in the integral transposition mechanism (E) is fixedly connected to the center of the lower end face of the shell (47), and a gear at the output end of the motor V (45) is meshed with the incomplete gear (49); two projection points of the center of a large collecting cylinder (26) in the soil sample collecting mechanism (C) and the center of a rotary cylinder (6) of the soil sample collecting mechanism (A) which are upward are at different positions on a graduated circle of the incomplete gear (49); the connecting plate (2) is fixedly connected to the right side of the bottom of the shell (47) in the integral transposition mechanism (E), and the RFID reader-writer (1) is positioned on the right side of the soil unloading cylinder (17) in the sample soil transporting mechanism (B) and is fixedly connected with the connecting plate (2); when the sampling vehicle works, a threaded hole group (46) on the top surface of the shell in the integral transposition mechanism (E) is connected with a sampling vehicle bolt.
2. The soil sample automatic collection system of claim 1, wherein: the soil sample collecting mechanism (A) consists of a drill bit (3), a soil shoveling plate (4), a soil conveying opening (5), a rotary drum (6), a circular plate I (7), a circular plate II (8), a bearing (9), a screw rod (10), a transverse plate (11), a motor I (12) and a bolt I (13), wherein the bottom of the rotary drum (6) is provided with a screw auger-shaped drill bit (3), the soil shoveling plate (4) is tangent to and fixedly connected with a screw auger surface of the drill bit (3), and the soil conveying opening (5) is formed obliquely above the tangent position of the soil shoveling plate (4) and the drill bit (3); a conical cylinder is fixed in the middle of the drill bit (3); the rotary drum (6), the circular plate I (7), the circular plate II (8), the bearing (9) and the screw rod (10) are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, wherein the lower surface of the circular plate I (7) is fixedly connected with the top end of the rotary drum (6), the circular plate II (8) is fixedly connected with the circular plate I (7) through a bolt I (13), the bearing (9) is movably connected with the center of the upper surface of the circular plate II (8), the lower end of the screw rod (10) is in interference connection with an inner ring of the bearing (9), and the lower end, close to the screw rod (10), of the screw rod is movably connected with; the round hole end of the transverse plate (11) is fixedly connected with the lower bottom surface of the boss threaded hole of the sleeve (36), the screw rod (10) can pass through the round hole of the transverse plate (11) and is not contacted with the round hole, and the other end of the transverse plate (11) is fixedly connected with a motor I (12) with a gear at the output end.
3. The soil sample automatic collection system of claim 1, wherein: the soil sample conveying mechanism (B) consists of a soil feeding port (14), a shell (15), a motor II (16), a soil unloading cylinder (17), a shell hole I (18), a shell hole II (19), a shell hole III (20), a belt wheel I (21), a belt wheel II (22), a bent plate group (23), a short roller pair (24) and a belt (25), wherein the upper end of the shell (15) is square, the lower end of the shell (15) is semi-cylindrical, and the right side of the lower end of the shell (15) is provided with the soil feeding port (14); the belt wheel I (21) is movably connected to the casing (15) close to the upper end casing hole I (18) through a pin, the belt wheel II (22) is movably connected to the casing (15) close to the lower end casing hole III (20) through a pin, the motor II (16) is fixedly connected to the front of the casing (15) close to the upper end casing hole I (18), and the output end of the motor II (16) is fixedly connected with the belt wheel II (22); the short stick pair (24) is movably connected with a shell hole II (19) on the shell (15) through a pin shaft; the bent plate group (23) consists of 30 bent plates, the 30 bent plates are uniformly distributed and fixedly connected to the outer side of the belt (25), and the width of each bent plate is smaller than that of the belt (25); the soil unloading cylinder (17) is fixedly connected to one side of the upper end of the casing (15) and is communicated with the casing (15).
4. The soil sample automatic collection system of claim 1, wherein: the soil sample collecting mechanism (C) consists of a large collecting cylinder (26), a hanging rod pair (27), a small collecting cylinder assembly (F), a gear disc (31), a motor III (32) and a soil retaining plate (33), wherein the small collecting cylinder assembly F consists of 9 small collecting cylinder groups, each small collecting cylinder group consists of a small collecting cylinder (28), a hanging rod (29) and an RFID chip (30), the lower end of the hanging rod (29) is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the outer side of the small collecting cylinder (28), and the RFID chip (30) is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the outer side of the small collecting cylinder (28); the lower ends of two hanging rods of the hanging rod pair (27) are fixedly connected to the upper surfaces of two outer sides of the large collecting cylinder (26); the center of the large collecting cylinder (26) forms an included angle theta with the centers of two adjacent small collecting cylinders (28)1All are 49.17 degrees, and in 9 small collecting barrels, except the first small collecting barrel and the ninth small collecting barrel, the included angle between the centers of every two small collecting barrels (28) is theta2Equal, 32.73 °; gear teeth are arranged on the edge of the gear disc (31), a key slot hole is formed in the center of the gear disc (31), the upper ends of two hanging rods of a hanging rod pair (27) of the large collecting cylinder (26) are fixedly connected to the edge close to the lower surface of the gear disc (31), and the upper ends of 9 hanging rods (29) of 9 small collecting cylinders are fixedly connected to a concentric circle of a center hole in the lower surface of the gear disc (31); the motor III (32) is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the outer side of the large collecting cylinder (26), and the output end of the motor III (32) is connected with the soil retaining plate (33).
5. The soil sample automatic collection system of claim 1, wherein: the sleeve power mechanism (D) consists of a position sensor (34), a bolt II (35), a sleeve (36), a motor IV (37), a ball bearing I (38), a bolt group (39), a sealing cover (40), a rod sleeve (41), a gear I (42), a gear II (43) and a ball bearing II (44), wherein the position sensor (34) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the right side of the upper part of the sleeve (36); the center of the bottom surface of the sleeve (36) is provided with a boss threaded hole matched with the screw rod (10) in a threaded manner; a center hole is arranged on the sealing cover (40), and a side hole is arranged on the edge of the sealing cover (40) close to the right side; the sealing cover (40), the ball bearing I (38), the gear I (42) and the ball bearing II (44) are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, the centers of the sealing cover (40) and the ball bearing II are on the same vertical line, the sealing cover (40) is fixedly connected to a boss at the inner lower part of the sleeve (36) through 4 bolts of the bolt group (39), and the ball bearing I (38), the gear I (42) and the ball bearing II (44) are pressed and limited by the sealing cover (40); a central threaded hole is formed in the rod sleeve (41), and the outer ring of the rod sleeve (41) is in key connection with a central hole of the gear I (42); the motor IV (37) is fixedly connected above the sealing cover (40) in the sleeve (36), an output shaft of the motor IV (37) penetrates through a side hole of the sealing cover (40), the lower end of the output shaft of the motor IV (37) is fixedly connected with a gear II (43), and the gear II (43) is meshed with the gear I (42).
6. The soil sample automatic collection system of claim 1, wherein: the integral transposition mechanism (E) consists of a motor V (45), a threaded hole group (46), a shell (47), a guide rod (48), an incomplete gear (49) and a ball bearing III (50), wherein the upper end surface of the shell (47) is provided with the threaded hole group (46), the threaded hole group consists of four threaded holes, and the threaded holes are uniformly distributed on a middle circle of the upper end surface of the shell (47); a counter bore is arranged near the edge of the upper end face of the shell (47), the outer ring of the ball bearing III (50) is in interference connection with the inner groove of the counter bore, and the inner ring of the ball bearing III (50) is fixedly connected with the upper end of the guide rod (48); the center of the incomplete gear (49) is fixedly connected with the inner side of the lower end of the guide rod (48), and the lower end face of the incomplete gear (49) is fixedly connected with the upper end face of the sleeve (36).
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