CN109540390B - Method for removing unbalance of high-speed rotor and dynamic balance mandrel - Google Patents
Method for removing unbalance of high-speed rotor and dynamic balance mandrel Download PDFInfo
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- CN109540390B CN109540390B CN201811558999.6A CN201811558999A CN109540390B CN 109540390 B CN109540390 B CN 109540390B CN 201811558999 A CN201811558999 A CN 201811558999A CN 109540390 B CN109540390 B CN 109540390B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M1/00—Testing static or dynamic balance of machines or structures
- G01M1/30—Compensating imbalance
- G01M1/34—Compensating imbalance by removing material from the body to be tested, e.g. from the tread of tyres
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M1/00—Testing static or dynamic balance of machines or structures
- G01M1/02—Details of balancing machines or devices
- G01M1/04—Adaptation of bearing support assemblies for receiving the body to be tested
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for removing unbalance of a high-speed rotor and a dynamic balance mandrel. The invention can quickly and accurately measure the high-speed rotor and control the dynamic unbalance amount of the high-speed rotor.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a dynamic balance method of a high-speed rotating rotor, in particular to a dynamic balance processing method of an integral impeller system part and a high-speed rotor part in the field of aviation.
Background
With the development of science and technology, the performance of aeronautical machinery is continuously improved, rotors serving as important components of the aeronautical machinery are developing towards the directions of high rotating speed and large length-diameter ratio, the working rotating speed is often higher than the bending critical rotating speed, and the structure is increasingly complex. The dynamic characteristics of the rotor have obvious characteristics, for example, the rotor is very sensitive to vibration caused by unbalance, the vibration caused by unbalance of a high-speed rotor is one of important reasons of vibration of the whole machine, according to data statistics, the failure rate of equipment caused by the vibration is about 60% -70%, wherein the failure rate of the unbalance of the rotor is about 30%, and therefore, the research on the balance problem of the rotor has important significance.
The rotor of the rotating machine is influenced by the mass of materials, the processing precision and the like, and the mass distribution on the rotor cannot be absolutely symmetrical relative to the rotating center, so that any rotor cannot realize absolute balance, and a certain eccentric moment exists between the mass center of the rotor and the rotating center line, so that the rotor forms periodic centrifugal force when rotating, dynamic load is generated on a bearing, and the machine vibrates. The dynamic balance can be classified into 2 types according to the supporting form: soft support and hard support.
The soft support dynamic balancing machine is of an amplitude measuring type, unbalance quantity which is in direct proportion to amplitude is detected through a sensor, the soft support dynamic balancing machine is supported in a V shape, the distance between the two supports is determined according to the axial size (150mm) of a workpiece and a belt driving wheel and the balance effect, namely stability, the driving belt is of a downward pressing type, and the driving belt can move axially in a string mode during balance. Generally, the rotating speed is required to be more than 3 times of the resonant rotating speed, and the weight reduction rate is more obvious when the rotating speed is higher. Due to the long measurement time; actual calibration is required, and the overweight measurement has a certain measure. Therefore, the dynamic balance test is mainly carried out by using the hard support in China.
The dynamic balancing machine is supported firmly, the force measuring type is adopted, and the unbalance quantity which is in direct proportion to the centrifugal force is detected through a sensor. The supporting mode is roller supporting, the distance between the two supporting shafts is determined according to the length (300mm) of the dynamic balance shaft, the transmission belt is of a downward pressing type, the two ends of the shaft are provided with string stopping rollers, and the transmission belt cannot move in a string mode in the axial direction during balance.
When the rotation speed is higher than a certain critical value, the influence of the rotor disturbance is considered. The dynamic balance principle of the flexible rotor is more complex than that of a rigid rotor, because the rotating mechanical rotor can generate flexural deformation due to the action of centrifugal force after the rotating speed exceeds a first-order critical rotating speed, the unbalanced centrifugal force is different when the rotating speed of the flexible rotor is different, so that the rotor has different flexural deformations, the mass distribution of the rotor is changed by the flexural deformations of the rotor, the distribution of the unbalance is also changed, and the unbalance condition of the flexible rotor is changed along with the change of the rotating speed.
The unbalance of the rotor spindle needs to be considered during the dynamic balance measurement of the rotor, the unbalance of the spindle needs to be removed firstly during the dynamic balance measurement, and then the unbalance of the spindle and the rotor is integrally measured to remove the unbalance. The shape of the rotor mandrel and the method for removing the unbalance are important for the dynamic balance of the rotor.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problem of complete machine vibration failure caused by high-speed rotor dynamic unbalance, the invention aims to provide a method for removing unbalance of a high-speed rotor and a dynamic balance mandrel.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the method for removing the unbalance amount of the high-speed rotor comprises the following steps:
firstly, performing dynamic balance measurement on a mandrel provided with parts except a high-speed rotor (namely the mandrel is not provided with the high-speed rotor but provided with other parts), and adopting a weight reduction method on the mandrel according to a measurement result until the unbalance amount of the mandrel is smaller than a set value T, and T is smaller than the allowable unbalance amount T of the high-speed rotor;
and step two, performing balance measurement after the mandrel and the high-speed rotor are assembled, and adopting a weight reduction method for the high-speed rotor according to a measurement result until the unbalance amount is less than or equal to the allowable unbalance amount T of the high-speed rotor.
In the first step, the assembly parts comprise a gasket, a transmission key and a nut.
The weight reduction method is a method of removing metal by drilling.
The dynamic balance measurement adopts a hard support mode.
The mandrel comprises a balancing weight, the balancing weight is a cylinder coaxial with the mandrel, and the outer diameter of the cylinder is larger than the maximum outer diameter of the mandrel.
Two end faces of the balancing weight are metal removing faces.
The mandrel is made of 38Cr, the hardness of the mandrel meets HRC 30-35, the surface of the mandrel is subjected to bluing treatment, and sharp edge rounding is performed
The dynamic balance of the high-speed rotor is realized by measuring various high-speed rotors on a hard support dynamic balancing machine and optimizing and combining the size, the diameter, the length and the unbalance amount of a balancing weight of a dynamic balancing mandrel.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the characteristics that: the method can be used for quickly and accurately measuring the high-speed rotor and controlling the dynamic unbalance amount of the high-speed rotor. The invention can eliminate the unbalance caused by disturbance deformation when the rotor rotates at an overlarge speed, eliminate the influence of the unbalance of the mandrel driving the rotor to rotate and quickly remove the unbalance. The mandrel can be repeatedly used, and the material is steel, or other materials with higher hardness can be selected.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic part view of a corresponding mandrel in the embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a dynamic balancing mode of operation;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the mandrel in its entirety dynamically balanced;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the spindle and rotor integrated dynamic balance;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a display interface of the Pasio-50 dynamic balancing machine in the embodiment.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the scope of protection claimed is not limited thereto.
Taking the helicopter environmental control system to control the dynamic unbalance of an impeller (high-speed rotor) as an example, the allowable unbalance of the rotor is 0.2 g-cm, when the residual unbalance of the rotor is too large, the rotor can be caused to rotate radially under high-speed rotation to cause rotor vibration, and the rotor can be seriously caused to fail.
The dynamic balance processing method is adopted for processing, and is specifically implemented as follows:
1. selecting equipment: selecting a dynamic balancing machine with good dynamic property and stability, wherein the dynamic balancing machine with the model of Pasio-50 is selected in the embodiment;
2. selecting a mandrel: as shown in fig. 1, the mandrel adopts a counterweight structure, namely a cylindrical counterweight block, the mandrel is processed by selecting a bar material of 38Cr, after heat treatment, the hardness of the mandrel is ensured to be in accordance with HRC 30-35, the surface of the mandrel is blued, and the size is as shown in fig. 1, and the sharp edge is rounded by R0.2;
3. dynamic balance of the mandrel: as shown in fig. 3, the mandrel is provided with a gasket 3, a transmission key 2 and a nut 4, and a weight reduction method (drilling is performed on the surface of the counterweight block indicated in fig. 3, namely the dynamic balance metal removal position in fig. 3 comprises an M surface) is adopted to remove metal until the residual unbalance amount of the mandrel is less than or equal to 0.03g cm; in the balance mode of the dynamic balancing machine, the mode shown in figure 2 is selected, and the mandrel is a double-correction surface. The setting parameters include distance a, distance b, distance c, radius R1, and radius R2. Then the mandrel, the transmission key 2, the gasket 3 and the nut 4 are integrally balanced, and parameters are set: the balance rotating speed is (700 +/-50 revolutions per minute), the rotating direction is selected to be positive rotation, and the residual unbalance is not allowed to be larger than 0.03g cm.
4. And (3) dynamic balance after the mandrel rotor is assembled, wherein the mandrel assembly rotor is dynamically balanced in the same operation mode as the mandrel dynamic balance, and as shown in figure 4, the two sides of the mandrel assembly rotor are supported by dynamic balancer brackets and driven by a transmission belt. In the balance mode of the dynamic balancing machine, as shown in the mode of FIG. 2, the mandrel rotor is a double-correcting surface, and the setting parameters comprise a distance a, a distance b, a distance c, a radius R1 and a radius R2. The speed was chosen to be 2000 rpm (10% critical speed) and metal was removed on the high speed rotor (a and C as shown in figure 4) until the residual unbalance was 0.2g cm or less. The specific process is as follows: the parameter balance rotating speed is set to be 2000 rpm (critical rotating speed is 10%), and the unbalance amount is selected to be 0.2g cm. The method comprises the steps of starting a motor, slowly adjusting the rotating speed of the motor to 1000-1100 rpm, operating at the rotating speed for 15-30 minutes, and preheating the dynamic balancing machine. When the dynamic balance rotating speed is basically stable, the unbalance amount of the high-speed rotor displayed in the dynamic balance testing software interface is observed, and after the motor completely stops running, the transmission belt is pulled by hand to drive the dynamic balance mandrel and the high-speed rotor to slowly rotate together, when the high-speed rotor rotates to a certain angle range, an angle pointer in the dynamic balance testing software interface can be highlighted (as shown in fig. 5, the unbalance amount of the rotor assembly A surface and the unbalance amount of the rotor assembly C surface are indicated by arrows respectively), which indicates that the unbalance metal needs to be removed in the angle range of the high-speed rotor (namely the impeller in the embodiment), and the weight of the unbalance metal needing to be removed is displayed below the dynamic balance testing software interface.
Through the treatment of the method, the residual unbalance amount of the impeller (high-speed rotor) is less than or equal to the allowable unbalance amount, the removal of metal is reduced as far as possible, the structural strength and the surface quality of the impeller (high-speed rotor) are ensured, and the processing quality of the impeller (high-speed rotor) is greatly improved.
Claims (4)
1. The method for removing the unbalance amount of the high-speed rotor is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
firstly, performing dynamic balance measurement on a mandrel assembled with parts except a high-speed rotor, and performing weight reduction on the mandrel according to a measurement result until the unbalance amount of the mandrel is smaller than a set value T, wherein T is smaller than the allowable unbalance amount T of the high-speed rotor, the mandrel comprises a balancing weight, the balancing weight is a cylinder coaxial with the mandrel, and the outer diameter of the cylinder is larger than the maximum outer diameter of the mandrel; two end surfaces of the balancing weight are metal removing surfaces;
step two, assembling the mandrel and the high-speed rotor, performing dynamic balance measurement, and adopting a weight reduction method for the high-speed rotor according to a measurement result until the unbalance amount is less than or equal to the allowable unbalance amount T of the high-speed rotor;
the weight reduction method is a method of removing metal by drilling.
2. The method for removing unbalance amount of a high-speed rotor according to claim 1, wherein: in the first step, the assembly parts comprise a gasket, a transmission key and a nut.
3. The method for removing unbalance amount of a high-speed rotor according to claim 1, wherein: the dynamic balance measurement adopts a hard support mode.
4. The method for removing unbalance amount of a high-speed rotor according to claim 1, wherein: the mandrel is made of 38Cr, the hardness of the mandrel meets HRC 30-35, the surface of the mandrel is subjected to bluing treatment, and sharp edges are rounded.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201811558999.6A CN109540390B (en) | 2018-12-19 | 2018-12-19 | Method for removing unbalance of high-speed rotor and dynamic balance mandrel |
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| CN201811558999.6A CN109540390B (en) | 2018-12-19 | 2018-12-19 | Method for removing unbalance of high-speed rotor and dynamic balance mandrel |
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| CN109540390B true CN109540390B (en) | 2021-08-17 |
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Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110132492A (en) * | 2019-04-28 | 2019-08-16 | 沈阳透平机械股份有限公司 | A kind of dynamic balance of impeller duplicate removal automatic barring gear and method |
| CN110319976A (en) * | 2019-07-04 | 2019-10-11 | 重庆水轮机厂有限责任公司 | A kind of francis turbine runner dynamic balance running method |
| CN110261112B (en) * | 2019-07-11 | 2021-03-23 | 中国航发哈尔滨东安发动机有限公司 | Dynamic balance evaluation method for ultra-precise journal abrasion condition |
| CN110608845A (en) * | 2019-10-21 | 2019-12-24 | 山西汾西重工有限责任公司 | Dynamic balance test mechanism and dynamic balance test method for lamellar propeller |
| CN111174976B (en) * | 2020-01-15 | 2022-12-06 | 中国南方航空股份有限公司 | Method for controlling unbalance amount of APU rotor assembly |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103439054A (en) * | 2013-08-21 | 2013-12-11 | 重庆江增船舶重工有限公司 | Blind hole impeller dynamic balancing testing device |
| CN208051161U (en) * | 2018-01-30 | 2018-11-06 | 上海鸣志电器股份有限公司 | Device for the automatic duplicate removal of laser after rotor dynamic balancing |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH09234805A (en) * | 1995-12-28 | 1997-09-09 | Himu Kenkyusho:Kk | Method and apparatus for mounting balance weight |
| CN102332796A (en) * | 2011-06-24 | 2012-01-25 | 东方电气（乐山）新能源设备有限公司 | Dynamic balance emendation method of 1.5MW wind power generator with radial fan and rotor |
| CN103115725B (en) * | 2013-01-16 | 2015-06-24 | 长沙赛尔透平机械有限公司 | Balancing device and balancing method for dynamic balancing test before impeller over speed |
| CN103595202B (en) * | 2013-11-19 | 2016-05-25 | 江苏航天动力机电有限公司 | The dynamically balanced method of calibration of a kind of rotor |
| CN204389106U (en) * | 2014-12-05 | 2015-06-10 | 南车洛阳机车有限公司 | A kind of accuracy detection calibration equipment of hard bearing dynamic balancing machine |
| CN207730445U (en) * | 2017-12-11 | 2018-08-14 | 中国航发南方工业有限公司 | Centrifugal impeller overspeed test tooling |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103439054A (en) * | 2013-08-21 | 2013-12-11 | 重庆江增船舶重工有限公司 | Blind hole impeller dynamic balancing testing device |
| CN208051161U (en) * | 2018-01-30 | 2018-11-06 | 上海鸣志电器股份有限公司 | Device for the automatic duplicate removal of laser after rotor dynamic balancing |
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