CN109540388B - Rotary wheel static balance test device and method for axial flow rotating propeller turbine based on three-fulcrum weighing method - Google Patents
Rotary wheel static balance test device and method for axial flow rotating propeller turbine based on three-fulcrum weighing method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a static balance test device and a static balance test method for an axial flow rotating propeller turbine runner based on a three-fulcrum weighing method, wherein the static balance test device comprises a balance disc for supporting the runner body, a plurality of pressure sensors are arranged at the bottom of the balance disc, and the bottom of each pressure sensor is contacted with the top of a balance base; the blade is installed on the runner body, and the connector is installed at the top of runner body. The device and the method replace the traditional steel ball mirror plate method and are used for static balance of the rotating wheel of the axial flow propeller turbine, so that the accuracy of test efficiency is improved, the safety risk of the test is reduced, the test device is solidified, the cost of the test device is reduced, and a guarantee is provided for static balance test of the rotating wheel of the power station unit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention provides an axial flow rotating propeller turbine runner static balance test device and method based on a three-fulcrum weighing method, which are suitable for large and medium axial flow rotating propeller turbine runner static balance tests.
Background
In order to increase the output of a unit, a certain hydropower station performs capacity-increasing transformation on a water turbine and a generator, and after the water turbine runner is manufactured and installed, a static balance test is required to be performed so as to eliminate the influence of static unbalance of the runner on the vibration of the water turbine. The traditional rotating wheel static balance test method is a steel ball mirror plate method, and the method mainly has the following defects: 1. the requirements on the surface hardness, the roughness, the local concave and the like of the balance ball and the balance mirror plate are harsh; 2. the test period is long, the calculation is complicated, and four stages of primary balance, sensitivity inspection, blade weight balancing and total balance are needed; 3. the method is generally used for rotating wheels with the mass not exceeding 250 tons, which is limited by the performance of the balanced mirror plate material; 4. the universality of the test device is poor, and different types of rotating wheels need to adopt different test devices; 5. the key parts of the test device are easy to damage, so that the test cost is increased; 6. there is a greater safety risk that the rotor assembly may topple over during the test.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an axial flow rotating propeller turbine runner static balance test device and method based on a three-fulcrum weighing method, which replace the traditional steel ball mirror plate method and are used for static balance of an axial flow rotating propeller turbine runner, so that the test efficiency precision is improved, the test safety risk is reduced, the test device is solidified, the test device cost is reduced, and the guarantee is provided for a power station unit runner static balance test.
In order to achieve the technical characteristics, the aim of the invention is realized in the following way: the static balance test device for the rotating wheel of the axial flow rotating propeller turbine based on the three-fulcrum weighing method comprises a balance disc for supporting the rotating wheel body, wherein a plurality of pressure sensors are arranged at the bottom of the balance disc, and the bottom of each pressure sensor is contacted with the top of a balance base; the blade is installed on the runner body, and the connector is installed at the top of runner body.
The outer edge of the bottom of the rotating wheel body is provided with a plurality of synchronous jacking devices.
The pressure sensors are three in number and are uniformly distributed at the bottom of the balance disc.
The levelness of the balance base is smaller than 0.02mm/m.
The test method of the rotating wheel static balance test device of the axial flow kaplan turbine based on the three-pivot weighing method of any one of the above claims comprises the following steps:
step1: initial balancing; static balance test is carried out on the primary balance assembly formed by the runner body and the connecting body, so that the residual unbalance amount and the residual unbalance azimuth of the primary balance assembly are checked;
step2: selecting and matching blades; the method comprises the steps of taking the minimum weight of the total balance as the aim, comprehensively considering the mass deviation of each blade according to the unbalance amount and the eccentric position of the primary balance assembly, and determining the optimal installation position of each blade;
step3: total balance; static balance test is carried out on the total balance combination body formed by the rotating wheel body, the connecting body and the blades, and the balance weight enables the residual unbalance quantity to meet the requirement of allowable unbalance quantity.
The specific operation of Step1 is as follows:
step1.1: the synchronous jacking device, the balance disc, the pressure sensor and the balance base are all installed in place;
step1.2: the positions of the pressure sensors on the primary balance assembly are respectively numbered A, B, C, and the positions with 180 degrees of phase difference are respectively numbered A ', B ' and C ';
step1.3: before the test starts, when the primary balance assembly is completely supported by the synchronous jacking device, the readings of the three pressure sensors are set to be zero;
step1.4: the primary balance assembly is alternately supported by the synchronous jacking device and the three pressure sensors, and when the primary balance assembly is completely borne by the pressure sensors, the sum of the mass data of the three pressure sensors is the mass of the primary balance assembly;
step1.5: repeatedly supporting the primary balance assembly with the pressure sensor for 3 times, recording 3 groups of mass data, respectively calculating the average value of A, B, C position sensor data, and marking as P a 、P b 、P c ;
Step1.6: when the pressure sensor is in a non-stressed state, the data of the pressure sensor should return to zero;
step1.7: the synchronous jacking device is used for bearing the primary balance assembly, and the sensors of the 3 groups of sensors are respectively installed at positions A ', B ' and C ' for 180 degrees, namely, the sensor at the A, B, C position; repeating the alternate supporting process, recording 3 groups of quality data, respectively calculating the average value of the A ', B ', C ' position sensor data, and recording as P a '、P b '、P c ';
Step1.8: calculation of residual unbalance amount at A, B, C position of pressure sensor:
P x =P b cos30°-P c cos30°
P y =P a -P b sin30°-P c sin30°
the sensor remaining unbalance calculation at the a ', B ', C ' positions:
P x ′=P c ′cos30°-P b ′cos30°
P y ′=P b ′sin30°+P c ′sin30°-P a ′
wherein P is x 、P x ' is the mass of the unbalance in the X direction, unit: kg; p (P) y 、P y ' is the Y-direction unbalanced mass in units of: kg;
the unbalanced masses in the X and Y directions of the two tests are respectively averagedThe values are expressed as:and->
Calculating the residual unbalance U and azimuth of the initial balance assembly:
wherein U is the residual unbalance, in units of: kg.m; r is the radius of the sensor distribution circle, unit: m; alpha is the included angle between the rest unbalance azimuth and the +X axis, and the unit is: rad;
if U is less than or equal to U per If the balance is qualified, or else, the balance weight is needed;
calculating the weight mass:
wherein P is the calculated weight mass, in units of: kg; r is the distance between the center of mass of the added counterweight and the rotation axis of the rotating wheel, and the unit is: m; u (U) per To allow for an amount of unbalance;
according to the calculation result, placing a balancing weight on the light side of the primary balance assembly, repeating the steps, and calculating the residual unbalance U, if U is less than or equal to U per If the balance is qualified, if the balance is not qualified, the balance weight is needed to be re-balanced, and the mass P of the balance weight added after the balance weight is qualified is measured and recorded c Radius R c And azimuth alpha c 。
The specific operation of Step2 is as follows:
step2.1: the mass and the mass center position of the blade are generally measured and recorded before leaving the factory, and if the mass and the mass center position of the blade are not recorded, the blade is required to be weighed and the mass center is required to be calculated;
step2.2: the unbalanced weight of the initial balance assembly is calculated as the qualified weight in initial balance and is P c R c Is positioned at the symmetrical position of the qualified counterweight, is decomposed to X, Y direction and is respectively marked as U x And U y ;
Step2.3: blade selection and calculation; under different blade position combinations, the moment is calculated on the X axis and the Y axis respectively, so that the unbalance U is calculated 1 The magnitude and orientation of the calculated unbalance amount can be calculated as follows:
in U 1 To calculate the unbalance amount, units: kg.m; w (W) i For a certain blade mass, units: kg; x is X i X coordinate of a certain blade centroid, unit: m; y is Y i Y coordinate of a certain blade centroid, unit: m; u (U) x The X-axis component of the unbalance of the primary balance assembly, unit: kg.m; u (U) y Y-axis component, unit, of unbalance of the initial balance assembly: kg.m; θ is the angle between the calculated unbalance and +X axis, unit: rad;
calculating unbalance amount U 1 The blade position at the minimum time is the recommended position for blade matching.
The specific operation of Step3 is as follows:
step3.1: after the primary balance is finished, hoisting the blades according to the number of the selected blades, fixing the blades on the rotating wheel body through a connecting plate by using a screw rod, wherein the installation angles of the blades are the same, and the blades are in a fully closed position;
step3.2: carrying out static balance test again according to the initial balance method; after the total balance is qualified, recording the mass, radius and azimuth of the added balancing weight; and converting the result to the weight block installation position of the connecting body or the runner body according to the principle of equal moment;
step3.3: after the balancing weight is installed, carrying out balance test rechecking; if U is less than or equal to Uper, the total balance is qualified, otherwise, the balance weight is needed again until the requirement is met; the final weight mass, radius and orientation are respectively recorded as P pz 、R pz 、α pz 。
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the running wheel test by the new method has no running wheel tilting risk, and the safety of the running wheel static balance test is improved.
2. Under the condition of selecting a proper sensor, the accuracy of the rotating wheel static balance test is improved, and the calculation process is simple.
3. By using the newly proposed method, the cost increase caused by the damage of the test device is avoided, and meanwhile, the utilization rate of the test device is greatly improved.
4. The primary balance is a static balance test performed on a combination of a runner body and a connecting body, called a primary balance combination, and aims to check the unbalance amount and the eccentric position of the primary balance combination.
5. The blade selection aims at minimizing the weight of the balance weight during the total balance, and the optimal installation position of each blade is determined by comprehensively considering the mass deviation of each blade according to the unbalance amount and the eccentric position of the primary balance assembly.
6. The total balance is a static balance test for a combination formed by the runner body, the connecting body and the blades, and is called a total balance combination, and the balance weight enables the residual unbalance to meet the requirement of allowable unbalance.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and examples.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a test apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic numbered view of a pressure sensor according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a vane selection calculation according to the present invention.
In the figure: the device comprises a connecting body 1, a rotating wheel body 2, blades 3, a balance disc 4, a pressure sensor 5, a balance base 6 and a synchronous jacking device 7.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1:
referring to fig. 1-3, an axial flow kaplan turbine runner static balance test device based on a three-fulcrum weighing method comprises a balance disc 4 for supporting a runner body 2, wherein a plurality of pressure sensors 5 are arranged at the bottom of the balance disc 4, and the bottom of each pressure sensor 5 is contacted with the top of a balance base 6; the blade 3 is arranged on the rotating wheel body 2, and the connector 1 is arranged at the top of the rotating wheel body 2. The device and the method replace the traditional steel ball mirror plate method and are used for static balance of the rotating wheel of the axial flow propeller turbine, so that the accuracy of test efficiency is improved, the safety risk of the test is reduced, the test device is solidified, the cost of the test device is reduced, and a guarantee is provided for static balance test of the rotating wheel of the power station unit.
Further, a plurality of synchronous jacking devices 7 are arranged at the outer edge of the bottom of the runner body 2. The synchronous jacking device 7 can be used for jacking up the whole runner body 2, and then is used for realizing weight measurement by matching with the pressure sensor 5.
Further, the total of three pressure sensors 5 are uniformly distributed at the bottom of the balance disc 4. The use of the pressure sensor 5 described above can be used for measuring the weight of the sheave body 2.
Further, the levelness of the balance base 6 is less than 0.02mm/m. The precision of the whole static balance can be ensured by adopting the precision control.
Example 2:
the test method of the rotating wheel static balance test device of the axial flow kaplan turbine based on the three-pivot weighing method of any one of the above claims comprises the following steps:
step1: initial balancing; static balance test is carried out on the primary balance assembly formed by the runner body 2 and the connecting body 1, so that the residual unbalance and the residual unbalance azimuth of the primary balance assembly are checked;
step2: selecting and matching blades; the method comprises the steps of taking the minimum weight of the total balance as the aim, comprehensively considering the mass deviation of each blade according to the unbalance amount and the eccentric position of the primary balance assembly, and determining the optimal installation position of each blade;
step3: total balance; the static balance test is carried out on the total balance combination body formed by the rotating wheel body 2, the connecting body 1 and the blades 3, and the balance weight enables the residual unbalance quantity to meet the requirement of allowable unbalance quantity.
The specific operation of Step1 is as follows:
step1.1: the synchronous jacking device 7, the balance disc 4, the pressure sensor 5 and the balance base 6 are all installed in place;
step1.2: the positions of the pressure sensors 5 on the primary balance assembly are respectively numbered A, B, C, and the positions with 180 degrees of phase difference are respectively numbered A ', B ' and C ';
step1.3: before the test starts, when the primary balance assembly is completely supported by the synchronous jacking device 7, the readings of the three pressure sensors 5 are set to be zero;
step1.4: the primary balance assembly is alternately supported by the synchronous jacking device 7 and the three pressure sensors 5, and when the primary balance assembly is completely borne by the pressure sensors 5, the sum of the mass data of the three pressure sensors 5 is the mass of the primary balance assembly;
step1.5: repeating the support of the initial balance assembly 3 times by the pressure sensor 5, recording 3 groups of mass data, respectively calculating the average value of A, B, C position sensor data, and marking as P a 、P b 、P c ;
Step1.6: when the pressure sensor 5 is in a non-stressed state, the data of the pressure sensor should return to zero;
step1.7: the synchronous jacking device 7 is used for bearing the primary balance assembly, and the sensors of the 3 groups of sensors are respectively arranged at positions A ', B ' and C ' for 180 degrees, namely, the sensor at the A, B, C position; repeating the alternate supporting process, recording 3 groups of quality data, respectively calculating the average value of the A ', B ', C ' position sensor data, and recording as P a '、P b ′、P c ′;
Step1.8: calculation of the residual unbalance of the pressure sensor 5 at A, B, C position:
P x =P b cos30°-P c cos30°
P y =P a -P b sin30°-P c sin30°
the sensor remaining unbalance calculation at the a ', B ', C ' positions:
P x ′=P c ′cos30°-P b ′cos30°
P y ′=P b ′sin30°+P c ′sin30°-P a ′
wherein P is x 、P x ' is the mass of the unbalance in the X direction, unit: kg; p (P) y 、P y ' is the Y-direction unbalanced mass in units of: kg;
the respective averages of the X-and Y-direction imbalance masses from the two tests are expressed as:and->
Calculating the residual unbalance U and azimuth of the initial balance assembly:
wherein U is the residual unbalance, in units of: kg.m; r is the radius of the sensor distribution circle, unit: m; alpha is the included angle between the rest unbalance azimuth and the +X axis, and the unit is: rad;
if U is less than or equal to U per If the balance is qualified, or else, the balance weight is needed;
calculating the weight mass:
wherein P is the calculated weight mass, in units of: kg; r is the distance between the center of mass of the added counterweight and the rotation axis of the rotating wheel, and the unit is: m; u (U) per To allow for an amount of unbalance;
according to the calculation result, placing a balancing weight on the light side of the primary balance assembly, repeating the steps, and calculating the residual unbalance U, if U is less than or equal to U per If the balance is qualified, if the balance is not qualified, the balance weight is needed to be re-balanced, and the mass P of the balance weight added after the balance weight is qualified is measured and recorded c Radius R c And azimuth alpha c 。
The specific operation of Step2 is as follows:
step2.1: the mass and the mass center position of the blade 3 are generally measured and recorded before the blade leaves factory, and if the mass and the mass center position are not recorded, the blade needs to be weighed and the mass center is calculated;
step2.2: the unbalanced weight of the initial balance assembly is calculated as the qualified weight in initial balance and is P c R c Is positioned at the symmetrical position of the qualified counterweight, is decomposed to X, Y direction and is respectively marked as U x And U y ;
Step2.3: blade selection and calculation; under different blade position combinations, the moment is calculated on the X axis and the Y axis respectively, so that the unbalance U is calculated 1 The magnitude and orientation of the calculated unbalance amount can be calculated as follows:
in U 1 To calculate the unbalance amount, units: kg.m; w (W) i For a certain blade mass, units: kg; x is X i X coordinate of a certain blade centroid, unit: m; y is Y i Y-coordinate of mass center of certain blade:m;U x The X-axis component of the unbalance of the primary balance assembly, unit: kg.m; u (U) y Y-axis component, unit, of unbalance of the initial balance assembly: kg.m; θ is the angle between the calculated unbalance and +X axis, unit: rad;
calculating unbalance amount U 1 The blade position at the minimum time is the recommended position for blade matching.
The specific operation of Step3 is as follows:
step3.1: after the primary balance is finished, hoisting the blades according to the number of the selected blades, fixing the blades on the rotating wheel body through a connecting plate by using a screw rod, wherein the installation angles of the blades are the same, and the blades are in a fully closed position;
step3.2: carrying out static balance test again according to the initial balance method; after the total balance is qualified, recording the mass, radius and azimuth of the added balancing weight; and converting the result to the weight block installation position of the connecting body or the runner body according to the principle of equal moment;
step3.3: after the balancing weight is installed, carrying out balance test rechecking; if U is less than or equal to Uper, the total balance is qualified, otherwise, the balance weight is needed again until the requirement is met; the final weight mass, radius and orientation are respectively recorded as P pz 、R pz 、α pz 。
The above-described embodiments are intended to illustrate the present invention, not to limit it, and any modifications and variations made thereto are within the spirit of the invention and the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. The test method of the rotating wheel static balance test device of the axial flow kaplan turbine based on the three-fulcrum weighing method comprises a balance disc (4) for supporting a rotating wheel body (2), wherein a plurality of pressure sensors (5) are arranged at the bottom of the balance disc (4), and the bottom of each pressure sensor (5) is contacted with the top of a balance base (6); the rotating wheel body (2) is provided with blades (3), and the top of the rotating wheel body (2) is provided with a connector (1);
a plurality of synchronous jacking devices (7) are arranged at the outer edge of the bottom of the rotating wheel body (2);
the test method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step1: initial balancing; static balance test is carried out on the primary balance assembly formed by the runner body (2) and the connecting body (1), so that the residual unbalance amount and the residual unbalance azimuth of the primary balance assembly are checked;
step2: selecting and matching blades; the method comprises the steps of taking the minimum weight of the total balance as the aim, comprehensively considering the mass deviation of each blade according to the unbalance amount and the eccentric position of the primary balance assembly, and determining the optimal installation position of each blade;
step3: total balance; static balance test is carried out on the total balance combination body formed by the rotating wheel body (2), the connecting body (1) and the blades (3), and the balance weight is used for enabling the residual unbalance quantity to meet the requirement of allowable unbalance quantity;
the specific operation of Step1 is as follows:
step1.1: the synchronous jacking device (7), the balance disc (4), the pressure sensor (5) and the balance base (6) are all installed in place;
step1.2: the positions of the pressure sensors (5) on the primary balance assembly are respectively numbered A, B, C, and the positions with the phase difference of 180 degrees are respectively numbered A ', B ' and C ';
step1.3: before the test starts, when the primary balance assembly is completely supported by the synchronous jacking device (7), the readings of the three pressure sensors (5) are set to be zero;
step1.4: the primary balance assembly is alternately supported by the synchronous jacking device (7) and the three pressure sensors (5), and when the primary balance assembly is completely borne by the pressure sensors (5), the sum of the mass data of the three pressure sensors (5) is the mass of the primary balance assembly;
step1.5: repeatedly supporting the primary balance assembly 3 times by using a pressure sensor (5), recording 3 groups of mass data, respectively calculating the average value of A, B, C position sensor data, and marking as P a 、P b 、P c ;
Step1.6: when the pressure sensor (5) is in a non-stressed state, the data of the pressure sensor should return to zero;
step1.7: the primary balance assembly is borne by a synchronous jacking device (7), and the sensors of the 3 groups of sensors are respectively installed at positions A ', B ' and C ' for 180 degrees, namely, the sensor at the A, B, C position; repeating the alternate supporting process, recording 3 groups of quality data, respectively calculating the average value of the A ', B ', C ' position sensor data, and recording as P a '、P b ′、P c ′;
Step1.8: calculation of residual unbalance of the pressure sensor (5) at A, B, C position:
P x =P b cos30°-P c cos30°
P y =P a -P b sin30°-P c sin30°
the sensor remaining unbalance calculation at the a ', B ', C ' positions:
P x ′=P c ′cos30°-P b ′cos30°
P y ′=P b ′sin30°+P c ′sin30°-P a ′
wherein P is x 、P x ' is the mass of the unbalance in the X direction, unit: kg; p (P) y 、P y ' is the Y-direction unbalanced mass in units of: kg;
the respective averages of the X-and Y-direction imbalance masses from the two tests are expressed as:and->
Calculating the residual unbalance U and azimuth of the initial balance assembly:
wherein U is the residual unbalance, in units of: kg.m; r is the radius of the sensor distribution circle, unit: m; alpha is the included angle between the rest unbalance azimuth and the +X axis, and the unit is: rad;
if U is less than or equal to U per If the balance is qualified, or else, the balance weight is needed;
calculating the weight mass:
wherein P is the calculated weight mass, in units of: kg; r is the distance between the center of mass of the added counterweight and the rotation axis of the rotating wheel, and the unit is: m; u (U) per To allow for an amount of unbalance;
according to the calculation result, placing a balancing weight on the light side of the primary balance assembly, repeating the steps, and calculating the residual unbalance U, if U is less than or equal to U per If the balance is qualified, if the balance is not qualified, the balance weight is needed to be re-balanced, and the mass P of the balance weight added after the balance weight is qualified is measured and recorded c Radius R c And azimuth alpha c 。
2. The test method of the rotating wheel static balance test device of the axial flow kaplan turbine based on the three-pivot weighing method according to claim 1, wherein the test method comprises the following steps of: the pressure sensors (5) are three in number and are uniformly distributed at the bottom of the balance disc (4).
3. The test method of the rotating wheel static balance test device of the axial flow kaplan turbine based on the three-pivot weighing method according to claim 1, wherein the test method comprises the following steps of: the levelness of the balance base (6) is smaller than 0.02mm/m.
4. The test method of the rotating wheel static balance test device of the axial flow kaplan turbine based on the three-pivot weighing method according to claim 1, wherein the specific operation of Step2 is as follows:
step2.1: the mass and the mass center position of the blade (3) are generally measured and recorded before the blade leaves factory, and if the mass and the mass center position are not recorded, the blade is required to be weighed and the mass center is required to be calculated;
step2.2: the unbalanced weight of the initial balance assembly is calculated as the qualified weight in initial balance and is P c R c Is positioned at the symmetrical position of the qualified counterweight, is decomposed to X, Y direction and is respectively marked as U x And U y ;
Step2.3: blade selection and calculation; under different blade position combinations, the moment is calculated on the X axis and the Y axis respectively, so that the unbalance U is calculated 1 The magnitude and orientation of the calculated unbalance amount can be calculated as follows:
in U 1 To calculate the unbalance amount, units: kg.m; w (W) i For a certain blade mass, units: kg; x is X i X coordinate of a certain blade centroid, unit: m; y is Y i Y coordinate of a certain blade centroid, unit: m; u (U) x The X-axis component of the unbalance of the primary balance assembly, unit: kg.m; u (U) y Y-axis component, unit, of unbalance of the initial balance assembly: kg.m; θ is the angle between the calculated unbalance and +X axis, unit: rad;
calculating unbalance amount U 1 The blade position at the minimum time is the recommended position for blade matching.
5. The test method of the rotating wheel static balance test device of the axial flow kaplan turbine based on the three-pivot weighing method according to claim 1, wherein the specific operation of Step3 is as follows:
step3.1: after the primary balance is finished, hoisting the blades according to the number of the selected blades, fixing the blades on the rotating wheel body through a connecting plate by using a screw rod, wherein the installation angles of the blades are the same, and the blades are in a fully closed position;
step3.2: carrying out static balance test again according to the initial balance method; after the total balance is qualified, recording the mass, radius and azimuth of the added balancing weight; and converting the result to the weight block installation position of the connecting body or the runner body according to the principle of equal moment;
step3.3: after the balancing weight is installed, carrying out balance test rechecking; if U is less than or equal to Uper, the total balance is qualified, otherwise, the balance weight is needed again until the requirement is met; the final weight mass, radius and orientation are respectively recorded as P pz 、R pz 、α pz 。
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