CN104819807A - Blade static balance device of large rotating machinery - Google Patents
Blade static balance device of large rotating machinery Download PDFInfo
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- CN104819807A CN104819807A CN201510243099.2A CN201510243099A CN104819807A CN 104819807 A CN104819807 A CN 104819807A CN 201510243099 A CN201510243099 A CN 201510243099A CN 104819807 A CN104819807 A CN 104819807A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a blade static balance device of large rotating machinery, the device overcomes defects of an existing static balance device that debugging is troublesome and precision is poor. Provided is a static balance device which is convenient, accurate, and rapid. The device comprises an electrical measuring cabinet, a base, a support stand column fixed on the middle of the base, a fixture which is used to fix a blade and connected with the upper end of the support stand column, and four resistance strain gauges R1, R2, R3, R4 whose characteristics are the same symmetrically adhered on the position under the fixture and on the support stand column. The resistance values of the resistance strain gauges R1, R2, R3, R4 are equal. The four resistance strain gauges R1, R2, R3, R4 are connected in a bridge circuit. A bridge arm of the bridge circuit is connected with a power supply, and the other bridge arm is an output end. The output end is connected with the input end of the electrical measuring cabinet. The device is advantaged in that eccentric torque values of the blade relative to the axis are automatically and rapidly measured by using an electrical measuring method, static balance of a whole large impeller is rapidly and accurately realized, and the blade is prevented from being damaged.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to testing tool technical field, be specifically related to the blade static balancing apparatus of a kind of test and adjustment rotating machinery, the static equilibrium of the blade of especially large-scale impeller.
Background technology
The plant equipment of prior art is to the rigidity pivoting part of High Rotation Speed, all static equilibrium must be carried out, such as emery wheel, impeller, all types of rotors etc., in case non-return rotation member vibration effect serviceability, prevent fatigue damage and noise, extend the life-span of the parts such as bearing, guarantee security of operation.The static equilibrium of so-called rotor is exactly selected suitable correcting plane on rotor, adds suitable correction mass or quality group thereon, makes the vibration of rotor reduce to below certain permissible value.Such as use one side to correct and remove static-unbalance, first will find out the size and Orientation of static-unbalance.For the non-individual body component of emery wheel one class, static equilibrium adjustment is relatively simple, commonly circumferentially establishes compensating groove in the clamp body side of emery wheel, establish odd number counterbalance weight just passable in compensating groove, this kind of adjustment, for the skilled worker known the business, need not just can ensure for two minutes.And for discontinuous body component, as the impeller of water pump, then cannot apply and circumferentially establish the method for compensating groove to solve, the method that the static equilibrium of impeller is commonly used is that some position is increased the weight of or the method for loss of weight solves on the blade of impeller, be commonly called as counterweight, but know and add deduct wherein, add and how much subtract how many, first static-unbalance orientation and the size thereof of impeller must be found accurately, especially for large-scale impeller, operation like this there is very large difficulty, and large-scale impeller is generally turn to join the structure of formula, than must not can integral cast or injection moulding complete by small impeller.But the method for finding impeller static-unbalance accurately of prior art all uses conventional methods substantially, by rotor or impeller set on mandrel again frame on static balancing frame by swing method to find accurately, consult corresponding relative assembly and through patent retrieval, also just see and consider the improvement of core shaft structure, let alone have the how statically balanced data of large-scale impeller can be for reference.
Such as application number is 201320305678.1, the Chinese patent that name is called " water pump vane dynamic balance test tool ", discloses the large-scale water pump vane dynamic balance test tool of a kind of impeller diameter more than more than 2000mm.Its structure is, mandrel middle part is provided with taper platform, and mandrel taper platform is assemblied in axle sleeve in hole, and fixing by key radial direction, and the two ends of axle sleeve arrange axial locking device.This device does not improve to some extent on static balancing method, just mandrel is changed into multiplex structure to be beneficial to save, its method of testing remains swing method, and the deficiency of swing method is that operation debugging bothers, it is longer to calculate the time that is loaded down with trivial details and cost, is also difficult to be adapted to large-scale impeller.
And for example application number is 201110262941.9, name is called the Chinese patent of " rotary wheel of water turbine three fulcrum Weighing type static balancing apparatus and static equilibrium technique ", disclose a kind of rotary wheel of water turbine three fulcrum Weighing type static balancing apparatus, comprise three pressure transducers be evenly located at bottom runner, described three pressure transducers are positioned on same uniform pitch circle, angle between described arbitrary neighborhood two pressure transducers is 120 degree, the uniform pitch circle center of circle of described three pressure transducers is positioned on the center line of runner, described three pressure transducers are supported on a balance base, described balance base is supported in ground surface platform by adjustment parallels, described ground surface platform is also provided with the synchronization lifting mechanism risen by runner.The maximum weak point of this device and method is to support needs certain area, and the too little contact strength of area is inadequate and yielding, and area is large and make measuring accuracy inadequate.Installation and adjustment operation inconvenience, computing method are complicated, and equilibration period is longer.
Summary of the invention
The technical issues that need to address of the present invention are, debugging trouble, spended time that the static balancing apparatus overcoming prior art exists be many, calculate defect that is loaded down with trivial details, low precision, and provide one large rotating machinery blade static balancing apparatus easily, fast and accurately.
The object of the invention is to be achieved by following technical proposals: a kind of large rotating machinery blade static balancing apparatus, comprise electrical measurement case, there is a base, the centre of base is fixed with support post, the upper end of support post is connected with the fixture for fixed blade, and position support post is positioned at below fixture is pasted with the identical resistance strain gage R of four characteristics symmetrically
1, R
2, R
3, R
4, resistance strain gage R
1, R
2, R
3, R
4resistance value equal, four sheet resistance foil gauge R
1, R
2, R
3, R
4connect by double-way circuit, a brachium pontis of double-way circuit connects power supply, and another brachium pontis is output terminal, and output terminal is connected with the input end of electrical measurement case.
The strain utilizing resistance strain gage to produce because being subject to stress and resistance change rate dR/R linear, with measure component strain, resistance strain gage R
1, R
2, R
3, R
4the upper end being pasted onto support post by the requirement of regulation is positioned at close to position below fixture, and press double-way circuit connection request connecting lead wire, then the blade of ready to balance impeller is fixed on fixture, the eccentric force produced by fixture due to blade, to the Moment of support post, causes resistance strain gage R
1, R
2, R
3, R
4resistance value there is different changes, make double-way circuit exporting change voltage, this change voltage through electrical measurement case detect, amplify, computing in the hope of strain, and then learn stress, then moment M can be tried to achieve, thus, then by electrical measurement case automatically draw the eccentric moment value of blade and show on numerical display device.
Preferred version, the output end voltage of described double-way circuit is
V＝E(ΔR
1–ΔR
2+ΔR
3–ΔR
4)/4R
The output end voltage (V) of V in formula---double-way circuit;
The supply voltage (V) of E---double-way circuit;
R---resistance strain gage R
1, R
2, R
3, R
4resistance value (Ω);
Δ R
1, Δ R
2, Δ R
3, Δ R
4---be respectively four sheet resistance foil gauge R
1, R
2, R
3, R
4corresponding resistance change amount (Ω).
Described support post is cylindrical structural, and the position be positioned at below fixture, support post upper end has symmetrical everywhere for the plane of adhering resistance strain sheets.
Preferred version, described resistance value R=R
1=R
2=R
3=R
4=120 Ω.
Preferred version, described power supply is constant pressure source.Constant pressure source can be considered that interior resistance is approximately equal to zero, so then can get rid of because loop current change causes terminal voltage to change, ensure measuring accuracy.
Preferred version, the fixture of described fixed blade is identical with the wheel hub of impeller, and its periphery has the mechanism connecting also fixed blade, and described mechanism comprises the location of blade and fastening structure.
Preferred version, described fixture is through static equilibrium, and the statically balanced grade of fixture is higher than the statically balanced grade of impeller.
Preferred version, electrical measurement case comprises amplifying circuit, microprocessor and numerical display device, and the output terminal of described double-way circuit connects the input end of amplifying circuit, and amplification circuit output end is connected with microprocessor, and the output terminal of microprocessor connects numerical display device; The input end of amplifying circuit is made up of the emitter-follower of high impedance or source follower.
Preferred version, the blade assernbling of impeller is apolegamy system, and namely according to the test result of the moment values of blade bias, from some blades after tested, select the blade that moment values difference is less than certain value is that one group of part assembles.
Preferred version, the outside of base and support post is connected with hub.Hub shields.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, be converted into the straingauge resistance variations on support post by the moment of flexure of blade to support post, utilize the automatic Quick Measuring of electrical measuring method to go out the eccentric moment value of blade for axle center, thus lay reliable basis for the impeller static-unbalance after assembling is up to standard;
2, fixture directly adopts impeller hub or simulation wheel hub, practical;
3, fixture static equilibrium grade is higher than impeller static equilibrium grade, eliminates fabrication error;
4, the upper end that resistance strain gage is pasted onto support post is positioned at position below fixture, highly sensitive;
5, the output quantity of resistance strain gage is not disturbed by variation of ambient temperature and is affected;
6, measurement automatically, automatically display measurement result;
What 7, avoid routine asks the trouble that the method for static-unbalance is time-consuming and calculate, the especially large-scale impeller of static equilibrium by swing method.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the principle schematic of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is double-way circuit connection diagram;
Fig. 4 is A-A diagrammatic cross-section in Fig. 2;
Fig. 5 is A-A diagrammatic cross-section in Fig. 2 of another embodiment.
In figure, electrical measurement case 1; Double-way circuit 11; Amplifying circuit 12; Microprocessor 13; Numerical display device 14; Base 2; Support post 3; Fixture 4; Resistance strain gage 5; Blade 6; Power supply E; Ρ represents the mass force of blade 6; χ represents the distance between the barycenter of blade and the axis of support post 3.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiments, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1:
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of large rotating machinery blade static balancing apparatus, comprise electrical measurement case 1, there is a base 2, the centre of base 2 is fixed with support post 3, the upper end of support post 3 is connected with the fixture 4 for fixed blade, and position support post 3 is positioned at below fixture 4 is pasted with the identical resistance strain gage 5 of four characteristics symmetrically, i.e. resistance strain gage R
1, R
2, R
3, R
4, resistance strain gage R
1, R
2, R
3, R
4resistance value equal, four sheet resistance foil gauge R
1, R
2, R
3, R
4connect by double-way circuit, a brachium pontis of double-way circuit connects power supply, and another brachium pontis is output terminal, and output terminal is connected with the input end of electrical measurement case.
As shown in Figure 2, support post 3 is fixed on base 2, and fixture 4 and blade 6, Ρ represent the mass force of blade 6, and χ represents the distance between the barycenter of blade and the axis of support post 3.
By being fixed on the upper end of support post 3 through statically balanced fixture 4, then blade 6 is fixed on fixture 4.
The connection of double-way circuit 11 as shown in Figure 3.
Utilize resistance strain gage to be subject to strain that stress produces and resistance change rate dR/R linear, to measure component strain, resistance strain gage R
1, R
2, R
3, R
4the upper end being pasted onto support post 3 by the symmetrical requirements of regulation is positioned at position below fixture 4, and press double-way circuit connection request connecting lead wire, then the blade 6 of ready to balance impeller is fixed on fixture 4, the eccentric force produced by fixture 4 due to blade 6, to the Moment of support post 3, causes resistance strain gage R
1, R
2, R
3, R
4resistance value there is different changes, make double-way circuit exporting change voltage, this change voltage detect through electrical measurement case 1, amplify, computing, strain and stress can be tried to achieve, and stress
σ＝M/W (Ρa)，
Can moment M be tried to achieve thus,
M＝σ·W (N·m)，
W=bh in formula
2/ 6,
W---module of anti-bending section (m
3);
B---support post cross-sectional width (m);
H---support post depth of section (m).
Then automatically draw the eccentric moment value of blade by electrical measurement case 1 and show on numerical display device.
The cross sectional shape of support post 3 as shown in Figure 4.
The output end voltage of double-way circuit is
V＝E(ΔR
1–ΔR
2+ΔR
3–ΔR
4)/4R
The output end voltage (V) of V in formula---double-way circuit;
The supply voltage (V) of E---double-way circuit;
R---resistance strain gage R
1, R
2, R
3, R
4resistance value, and
R
1＝R
2＝R
3＝R
4＝R＝120Ω；
Δ R
1, Δ R
2, Δ R
3, Δ R
4---be respectively four sheet resistance foil gauge R
1, R
2, R
3, R
4corresponding resistance change amount (Ω).
Choose R=120 Ω, can be conducive to considering conductor resistance, the correction of reading strain, the correction of gauge factor.
Support post 3 is cylindrical structural, and the position be positioned at below fixture 4, support post 3 upper end has symmetrical everywhere for the plane of adhering resistance strain sheets 5.
Why resistance strain gage is pasted onto the upper end of support post 3 close to the position below fixture 4, its principle is summarized as follows, support post 3 is considered as the semi-girder that bottom is fixing, the upper end of semi-girder is subject to moment of flexure due to the effect of the amount of unbalance of blade bias, under the effect of moment of flexure, the amount of deflection of semi-girder is set to y, y is asked and once substitutes into curvature formulations with second derivative, get extreme value again, the top that maximum curvature is in semi-girder can be tried to achieve, also namely topmost the radius-of-curvature at place is minimum, this place is bending the most severe in other words, therefore, resistance strain gage is pasted onto this place, the strain difference being conducive to each foil gauge is maximum, be conducive to improving measurement sensistivity.
The resistance change amount Δ R of resistance strain gage 5
1, Δ R
2, Δ R
3, Δ R
4not only contain the resistance change amount that blade static-unbalance produces the moment of flexure that support post 3 acts on, also contains the resistance change amount of blade 6 mass force by making resistance strain gage produce to the pressure of support post 3, and contain the resistance change amount that temperature variation produces.
If each sheet resistance foil gauge 5 is respectively Δ R by the moment of flexure suffered by support post 3
1m, Δ R
2m, Δ R
3m, Δ R
4m; Suffered pressure is respectively Δ R
1P, Δ R
2P, Δ R
3P, Δ R
4P; Temperature t is respectively Δ R to the resistance delta that each sheet resistance foil gauge 5 causes
1t, Δ R
2t, Δ R
3t, Δ R
4t.
Wherein Δ R
1P, Δ R
2P, Δ R
3P, Δ R
4Pthe same symbol of numerical value is all negative; Δ R
1t, Δ R
2t, Δ R
3t, Δ R
4tthe same symbol of numerical value is just all.
Thus:
ΔR
1＝ΔR
1m-ΔR
1P+ΔR1t
ΔR
2＝ΔR
2m-ΔR
2P+ΔR2t
ΔR
3＝ΔR
3m-ΔR
3P+ΔR3t
ΔR
4＝ΔR
4m-ΔR
4P+ΔR4t
So,
V＝E(ΔR
1–ΔR
2+ΔR
3–ΔR
4)/4R
＝E(ΔR
1m–ΔR
2m+ΔR
3m–ΔR
4m)/4R
Above-described resistance strain gage 5 is subject to strain that stress produces and the linear principle of resistance change rate, therefore can be calculated by superposition principle, in the hope of the strain of component, and then tries to achieve moment values.The resistance change amount size of the four sheet resistance foil gauges 5 that the pressure of mass force to mandrel support post 3 of fixture 4 and blade 6 produces is identical, symbol is identical, and therefore difference is zero; The resistance change amount of the four sheet resistance foil gauges 5 that variation of ambient temperature produces is that size is identical, symbol is identical equally, and therefore difference is also zero; The resistance change of four sheet resistance foil gauges is uniquely acted on and the effect only having fixture 4 and the moment of flexure of blade 6 static-unbalance to support post 3 to play shown on numerical display device.
Described power supply E is constant pressure source.Constant pressure source can be considered that interior resistance is approximately equal to zero, so then can get rid of because loop current changes the change causing terminal voltage, ensure measuring accuracy.Because in power supply, resistance is approximately equal to zero, add that the input end of the amplifying circuit be connected with double-way circuit output terminal is general to be all made up of the emitter-follower of high impedance or source follower, therefore the output terminal of double-way circuit can be considered as open circuit, i.e. just only output voltage and no current exports, so just make the calculating changing double-way circuit, the conversion of such as Δ--Y and abbreviation are greatly easy.
The fixture 4 of described fixed blade 6 is identical with the wheel hub of impeller, and its periphery has the mechanism connecting also fixed blade 6, and described mechanism comprises the location of blade 6 and fastening structure.
Described fixture 4 is through static equilibrium, the statically balanced grade of fixture 4 is higher than the statically balanced grade of impeller, such as the present embodiment does static balancing test to a fan propeller, should get G 6.3 grades during test by rigid rotor balance accuracy class, and choose the statically balanced grade of fixture is G 2.5 grades simultaneously.
Electrical measurement case 1 comprises amplifying circuit 12, microprocessor 13 and numerical display device 14, the output terminal of double-way circuit 11 connects the input end of amplifying circuit 12, amplifying circuit 12 output terminal is connected with microprocessor 13, and the output terminal of microprocessor 13 connects numerical display device 14.
The blade 6 of impeller assembles and adopts apolegamy system, and namely according to the test result of the moment values of blade 6 bias, from some blades 6 after tested, select the blade 6 that moment values difference is less than certain value is that one group of part assembles.This kind of assembly method also has 2 advantages, and one is without the need to adopting material reducing or reinforced to blade 6.Eliminate many troubles, because material reducing or reinforced must know particular location and expect weight accurately; Two be through material reducing or reinforced after, the surface state of blade becomes that irregularity, intensity are impaired, hydrodynamic performance becomes bad, makes the hydraulic performance decline of impeller, even off-design standard.
The outside of base 2 and support post 3 is connected with hub.Hub shields.
The present invention verifies by experiment, is below one group of experimental data.
One: pilot project
The middle-size and small-size cooling tower of GB/T7190.1.2-2008 glass fiber reinforced plastic cooling tower 1..2. large cooling column.
JB/T9101-2014. fan propeller balance.Blower fan should do static balancing test, should get G6.3 level during test by rigid rotor balance accuracy class.
G＝ωe/1000
In formula: G is quality and grade of balance (mm/s)
E is eccentricity of rotor (μm)
ω is angular velocity,
ω=2 π n/60 (radian)
N is rotation speed of fan.(rev/min)
Two: test supplementary instrument
HW-500 type hard bearing balan electrical measurement case, electronics sky claim, test counterweight
Three: test figure:
This test, by appointing the blade taking out six 2400# in warehouse, measures the moment values (strain data) of blade X-direction and Y-direction with strain-type moment instrument
Get X in form, 3# and 6# two panels blade that Y value is close, be installed on the wheel hub that balanced, use dynamic balancing machine testing results.Test result is, distance R=1170mm place 2g, and then by 3# and 6# blade exchange 180 degree, again measure after being fixedly mounted with, result is 1170mm place 3g.
Four: conclusion (of pressure testing)
2400# rotation speed of fan is 408 revs/min, is learnt by 6.3=408e/1000, and allowable offset is apart from e=154.41 μm;
The gross mass of wheel hub and blade, axle is 27.3Kg, and 1170*3=3510 (gmm), 1170*2=2340 (gmm);
Therefore, e=85.71 μm when e=128.57 μm, 2g during 3g;
Therefore the value that this group vanes moment instrument is measured can meet the accuracy requirement of G 6.3 grades on blower fan.
Embodiment 2:
Change square by embodiment 1 into about A-A section in Fig. 2, four sheet resistance foil gauges are pasted onto foursquare four sides respectively symmetrically, and width b is equal with height h, i.e. b=h, as shown in Figure 5, all the other structures are with embodiment 1.
The present invention is particularly useful for the blade static equilibrium of the large-scale impeller of fabricated blade, have and utilize the automatic Quick Measuring of electrical measuring method to go out the eccentric moment value of blade for axle center, realize the static equilibrium of large-scale impeller entirety quickly and accurately and avoid the advantage of damaged blade, if those skilled in the art does simple amendment to foregoing invention content or replaces, such change can not be thought to depart from the scope of the present invention, all like this to the apparent amendment of those skilled in the art by be included in claim of the present invention scope within.
Claims (9)
1. a large rotating machinery blade static balancing apparatus, comprise electrical measurement case, it is characterized in that, there is a base, the centre of base is fixed with support post, the upper end of support post is connected with the fixture for fixed blade, and position support post is positioned at below fixture is pasted with the identical resistance strain gage R of four characteristics symmetrically
1, R
2, R
3, R
4, resistance strain gage R
1, R
2, R
3, R
4resistance value equal, four sheet resistance foil gauge R
1, R
2, R
3, R
4connect by double-way circuit, a brachium pontis of double-way circuit connects power supply, and another brachium pontis is output terminal, and output terminal is connected with the input end of electrical measurement case.
2. rotating machinery impeller static balancing apparatus according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the output end voltage of described double-way circuit is
V＝E(ΔR
1–ΔR
2+ΔR
3–ΔR
4)/4R
The output end voltage (V) of V in formula---double-way circuit;
The supply voltage (V) of E---double-way circuit;
R---resistance strain gage R
1, R
2, R
3, R
4resistance value (Ω);
Δ R
1, Δ R
2, Δ R
3, Δ R
4---be respectively four sheet resistance foil gauge R
1, R
2, R
3, R
4corresponding resistance change amount (Ω).
3. rotating machinery impeller static balancing apparatus according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described resistance value R=R
1=R
2=R
3=R
4=120 Ω.
4. rotating machinery impeller static balancing apparatus according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, described power supply is constant pressure source.
5. rotating machinery impeller static balancing apparatus according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, the fixture of described fixed blade is identical with the wheel hub of impeller, and its periphery has the mechanism connecting also fixed blade, and described mechanism comprises the location of blade and fastening structure.
6. rotating machinery impeller static balancing apparatus according to claim 5, is characterized in that, described fixture is through static equilibrium, and the statically balanced grade of fixture is higher than the statically balanced grade of impeller.
7. rotating machinery impeller static balancing apparatus according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, electrical measurement case comprises amplifying circuit, microprocessor and numerical display device, the output terminal of described double-way circuit connects the input end of amplifying circuit, amplification circuit output end is connected with microprocessor, and the output terminal of microprocessor connects numerical display device; The input end of amplifying circuit is made up of the emitter-follower of high impedance or source follower.
8. rotating machinery impeller static balancing apparatus according to claim 7, it is characterized in that, the blade assernbling of impeller is apolegamy system, namely according to the test result of the moment values of blade bias, from some blades after tested, select the blade that moment values difference is less than certain value is that one group of part assembles.
9. rotating machinery impeller static balancing device according to claim 8, it is characterized in that, the outside of base and support post is connected with hub.
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| CN106595957A (en) * | 2016-10-25 | 2017-04-26 | 江苏大学 | Ship propeller eccentric mass automatic detection method |
| CN106644320A (en) * | 2016-11-24 | 2017-05-10 | 天津大学 | Ball screw bending deflection detecting device and method |
| CN107014444A (en) * | 2017-05-27 | 2017-08-04 | 山东罗泰风机有限公司 | A kind of blower fan dynamic performance parameter measuring system |
| CN107014444B (en) * | 2017-05-27 | 2023-08-29 | 山东罗泰风机有限公司 | Fan dynamic performance parameter measurement system |
| CN108254128A (en) * | 2018-01-12 | 2018-07-06 | 王加志 | The calibration method and device of grinding wheel static balancing |
| CN109540389A (en) * | 2019-01-10 | 2019-03-29 | 中国长江电力股份有限公司 | Movable propeller turbine runner static balance test device and method based on stress rods method |
| CN111577640A (en) * | 2020-05-09 | 2020-08-25 | 南京玛格耐特智能科技有限公司 | Fan impeller experimental device |
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