CN109538399B - Floating type wave-gathering refraction multistage wave gathering system - Google Patents
Floating type wave-gathering refraction multistage wave gathering system Download PDFInfo
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- CN109538399B CN109538399B CN201811387972.5A CN201811387972A CN109538399B CN 109538399 B CN109538399 B CN 109538399B CN 201811387972 A CN201811387972 A CN 201811387972A CN 109538399 B CN109538399 B CN 109538399B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
- F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
- F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B11/00—Parts or details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the preceding groups, e.g. wear-protection couplings, between turbine and generator
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/30—Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient
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Abstract
The invention discloses a floating type wave-gathering refraction multistage wave gathering system which is used for energy conversion of low-grade waves with smaller wave heights, the system integrally floats on the sea surface and is fixed through an anchor system, the system comprises a contraction wave channel, an inclined bottom ascending water channel and a wave-gathering lens which are sequentially arranged according to the wave propagation direction, one end of the inclined bottom ascending water channel is connected with the contraction wave channel, and the other end of the inclined bottom ascending water channel is connected with the wave-gathering lens; the wave converging lens is used for changing the propagation direction of waves with increased wave height after passing through the inclined bottom ascending water channel, so that all waves are converged at the focal position of the wave converging lens, and energy conversion is carried out through the wave energy conversion device arranged at the focal position; the wave energy conversion device adopts a floating structure, is flexible in arrangement, easy to build, strong in wave gathering capacity, suitable for sea areas with dispersed waves and small wave height, and improves the adaptability of the wave energy conversion device to different sea conditions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ocean energy utilization and renewable energy power generation, and particularly relates to a floating wave-gathering refraction multistage wave gathering system.
Background
The existing offshore wave energy utilization technology can be divided into a point absorption type and a line absorption type, and the point absorption type wave energy conversion device mainly converts mechanical energy of floating body motion into hydraulic energy or electromagnetic energy through displacement or relative displacement change generated by the heaving motion of the floating body in waves and PTO (Power Take-off) damping, and finally drives a generator to generate electricity through energy storage and transmission units such as an energy accumulator or the like, or produces fresh water or ice through other equipment. The device mainly comprises specific types such as an oscillating floater type and an oscillating water column type. Line absorbing wave energy conversion devices are capable of absorbing wave energy for some distance along the wave propagation line, and are of the type known as the "Pelamis" device in the united kingdom. The device comprises multiunit articulated raft body, and the raft body moves under the excitation of wave, and (angle) displacement between the adjacent raft body changes, and the mechanical energy of raft body motion is drawed through installing the PTO damping mechanism between the adjacent raft body. In addition, the coastal topography is reasonably utilized, the kinetic energy of waves is converted into potential energy, and then the wave-crossing device for generating power by utilizing the differential pressure of the seawater head is also an important type.
The wave energy conversion device has a good energy conversion effect, but can obtain a good wave energy conversion effect only when the wave height is large; compared with wave conditions of sea areas such as Europe, North America and the like (the wave height is 2.0m-6.0m), the wave height of most of the sea areas in offshore China is slightly small (0.5m-3.0m), and the energy flow density of wave energy is low, so that the existing wave energy conversion device is difficult to directly utilize with high efficiency, the comprehensive utilization cost is high, and even part of low-grade wave energy resources are wasted.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a floating wave-gathering refraction multistage wave gathering system which is simple in overall structure and capable of improving the utilization efficiency of wave energy and solving the problem that existing wave energy conversion technology cannot fully utilize wavelet high-grade and low-grade wave energy resources. The specific technical scheme is as follows:
a floating wave-gathering refraction multistage wave gathering system is used for energy conversion of low-grade waves with small wave heights, the system is wholly floated on the sea level and comprises a contraction wave channel, an inclined bottom ascending water channel and a wave-gathering lens, wherein the contraction wave channel, the inclined bottom ascending water channel and the wave-gathering lens are sequentially arranged along the wave propagation direction; the wave collecting lens is used for changing the propagation direction of the waves with the wave heights increased after passing through the inclined bottom ascending water channel, so that all the waves are collected at the focus position of the wave collecting lens; wherein:
the contraction wave channel comprises a left side wall, a right side wall and a smooth bottom surface which are symmetrically arranged, the left side wall and the right side wall form an angle with the same size with the wave propagation direction, and the smooth bottom surface is connected with the bottoms of the left side wall and the right side wall into a whole; the inclined-bottom ascending water channel comprises a left side parallel wall and a right side parallel wall which are parallel to the wave propagation direction, and a water channel bottom surface which is integrally connected with the bottoms of the left side parallel wall and the right side parallel wall; the bottom surface of the water channel is a smooth wall surface which rises along with the wave propagation, the height of the bottom surface of the water channel at the wave inlet of the inclined-bottom ascending water channel is flush with the bottom surface of the contraction wave channel, and the width of the inclined-bottom ascending water channel is consistent with the width of the wave outlet of the contraction wave channel. The wave-gathering lens is a structure with a horizontal section in a semicircular shape or other optical lens shapes and submerged in seawater. The wave-gathering lens is connected with the wave outlet end of the inclined-bottom ascending water channel and is consistent in height.
Furthermore, the system is also provided with a wave energy conversion device for energy conversion at the focus position.
Further, the wave energy conversion device is a point suction type conversion system.
Furthermore, one end of the contraction wave channel, which is connected with the inclined-bottom water ascending channel, is a wave outlet, the other end of the contraction wave channel is a wave inlet, and the width of the wave inlet is larger than that of the wave outlet; the wave outlet is consistent with the width of the inclined-bottom ascending water channel; the wave-collecting lens is consistent with the inclined bottom water ascending channel in width.
Furthermore, the angles between the left side wall and the right side wall and between the inclined bottom water ascending channel are all set between 30 degrees and 60 degrees.
Further, the maximum depth of the bottom surface of the water channel is not greater than 1/2 of the wave wavelength.
Furthermore, the system also comprises an anchor system, wherein one end of the anchor system is fixed on the seabed, and the other end of the anchor system is connected with the contraction wave channel and is used for fixing the whole system on a designated sea surface position.
The invention relates to a floating wave-gathering refraction multistage wave gathering system which comprises a contraction wave channel, an inclined bottom ascending water channel, a wave-gathering lens and a wave energy conversion device, wherein the contraction wave channel, the inclined bottom ascending water channel and the wave-gathering lens are sequentially arranged along the wave propagation direction, the wave energy conversion device is arranged at the focus position of the wave-gathering lens, firstly, the contraction wave channel gathers wave energy, so that the wave height of the wave is increased, the wave energy density is improved, then, the wave height of the wave is increased again through the inclined bottom ascending water channel, finally, the wave is refracted by the wave-gathering lens, the wave propagation direction is changed, the wave energy is gathered at the focus position, and the wave; compared with the prior art, the wave energy conversion device can gather dispersed waves with low energy current density, enhance the adaptability of the wave energy conversion device to various wave conditions, improve the economy and the high efficiency of wave energy conversion, and realize the full, economic and high-efficiency utilization of low-grade renewable energy with low resource utilization value.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic plane structure of the floating wave-focusing multi-stage wave focusing system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a side view of a floating wave-focusing multi-stage wave focusing system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
And (3) identification and explanation: 101: contraction wave channel, 101-1: left side wall, 101-2: right side wall, 101-3: smooth bottom surface, 102: sloping-bottom ascending water channel, 102-1: left parallel wall, 102-2: right parallel wall, 102-3: water channel bottom surface, 103: condenser lens, 103-1: front end edge, 103-2: rear end edge, 103-3: upper surface, 104: focal point, 105: anchoring system, 106: a wave energy conversion device.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.
With reference to fig. 1 and fig. 2, in an embodiment of the present invention, a floating wave-focusing refraction multistage wave focusing system is provided, the system is used for energy conversion of low-grade waves with small wave heights, the system is wholly floating on the sea level, the system includes a convergent channel 101, an inclined-bottom ascending channel 102 and a wave focusing lens 103, which are sequentially arranged according to a wave propagation direction, and one end of the inclined-bottom ascending channel 102 is connected to the convergent channel 101, and the other end is connected to the wave focusing lens 103; in the specific working process of the system, incident waves enter the contraction wave channel 101 and can be gathered in the contraction wave channel 101, so that the wave height of the waves with smaller wave height can be increased to play a role of primary wave gathering, and the inclined bottom ascending water channel 102 is used as secondary wave gathering, so that the wave height of the waves can be further increased on the basis of the contraction wave channel 101, and the waves have better energy utilization value; finally, the propagation direction of the waves passing through the primary wave gathering and the secondary wave gathering is changed through the wave gathering lens 103, and all the waves are gathered to the focus 104 of the wave gathering lens 103; at the moment, the wave energy density of the waves at the focus 104 is greatly improved due to multiple times of wave height; in this case, the present invention provides the wave energy conversion device 106 at the focus 104, and achieves the effect of achieving large energy conversion using low-grade wave energy with a small wave height.
Referring to fig. 1 again, it can be seen that the contraction wave channel 101 of the present invention includes two symmetrically disposed left side walls 101-1, right side walls 101-2 and a smooth bottom surface 101-3, wherein the smooth bottom surface 101-3 is integrally connected with the bottoms of the left side walls and the right side walls; the left side wall 101-1 and the right side wall 101-2 form the same angle with the wave propagation direction, namely the opening width of the wave inlet position of the contraction wave channel 101 is larger than that of the wave outlet position, so that all available waves can be gathered fully; preferably, the angles between the left side wall 101-1 and the right side wall 101-2 and the inclined bottom ascending water channel 102 are all set to be 30-60 degrees, so that the wave energy can be better gathered; meanwhile, according to the specific practical situation, the upper height of the left side wall 101-1 and the upper height of the right side wall 101-2 are set to be higher than the maximum wave height of the sea surface environment where the system is located, so that all available wave heights of waves are fully utilized; under the reflection and aggregation effects of the left side wall 101-1 and the right side wall 101-2, the contraction wave channel 101 can increase the wave height and the wave energy on the unit crest line under the condition that the wave wavelength, the period and the like are not changed, and the continuous increase of the wave density is realized.
Specific wave gathering effect detection is carried out on the system under different conditions, and the fact that when the included angle between the left side wall 101-1 and the right side wall 101-2 and the wave propagation direction is set to be 60 degrees, wave energy loss caused by wave reflection caused by the fact that the wave shrinks the wave channel 101 is the least, and the wave gathering effect of the shrinking wave channel 101 is the best; specifically, assuming that the wave height of the waves is h, assuming that the width of a wave outlet of the convergent channel 101 is b, and the width of an inlet of the convergent channel 101 is 5.0b, after the waves passing through the convergent channel 101 are gathered, the waves with the wave height increased to about 2.1h can be obtained at the outlet of the convergent channel 101, and the wave energy density is increased to 4.4 times of the original wave energy density; meanwhile, the larger the width of the wave inlet of the contraction wave channel 101 is obtained according to multiple actual detection effects, the more obvious the wave energy gathering effect of the contraction wave channel 101 is.
Specifically, the sloping-bottom ascending water channel 102 comprises a left parallel wall 102-1 and a right parallel wall 102-2 which are parallel to the wave propagation direction, and a water channel bottom surface 102-3 which is integrally connected with the bottoms of the left parallel wall 102-1 and the right parallel wall 102-2, and in order to enable all the waves gathered in the contraction wave channel 101 to enter the sloping-bottom ascending water channel, the water channel width of the sloping-bottom ascending water channel 102 is set to be consistent with the wave outlet width of the contraction wave channel 101; in order to perform secondary wave gathering on the basis of the contracted wave channel 101 and enable the wave height of the waves to be lifted again, the bottom surface 102-3 of the water channel is set to be an inclined bottom surface which gradually rises along the wave propagation direction, the maximum depth of the bottom surface 102-3 of the water channel is not larger than 1/2 of the wave wavelength, and specific adjustment can be adjusted according to the self weight of the whole system and the anchor system 105, so that the whole system is enabled to have the optimal wave conversion effect.
Specifically, in the embodiment of the present invention, the wave-collecting lens 103 is a structure in the shape of an optical lens and submerged in seawater, and includes a front edge 103-1 that is consistent with the width of the sloping-bottom ascending water channel 102, a rear edge 103-2 that is far away from the sloping-bottom ascending water channel 102, and an upper surface 103-3 of the lens, and waves that increase the wave density through the sloping-bottom ascending water channel 102 pass through the front edge 103-1, the upper surface 103-3, and the rear edge 103-2 of the lens in sequence; based on the wave refraction theory, when the wave front after passing through the inclined-bottom ascending water channel 102 to collect the wave is parallel to the front edge 103-1 of the wave-collecting lens 103, and the structural platform depth s of the wave-collecting lens 103 is less than 1/2 of the wave length, then after the wave passes through the front edge 103-1 of the wave-collecting lens 103, the wave length and the wave speed are both reduced, and the wave front is kept parallel to the incident wave front; the rear end edge 103-2 of the wave-collecting lens 103 is in a circular shape or other lens curve shape, when waves pass through the rear end edge 103-2, wave rays rotate by an angle and are finally collected at the focus 104, the wave height at the position is greatly increased, the wave energy density is improved to the greatest extent, and a three-level wave-collecting effect is achieved. At this time, the maximum conversion of wave energy can be performed by the wave energy conversion device 106 disposed at the focal point 104.
Preferably, in the present embodiment, the rear edge 103-2 of the wave-collecting lens 103 is semicircular to simplify the manufacturing of the device, the calculation of wave refraction, and the tuning of device parameters; the wave energy conversion device 106 adopts a point absorption system, such as an oscillating float type or an oscillating water column type, so as to simplify the wave energy conversion technology, reduce the wave energy conversion cost and improve the wave energy conversion efficiency; of course, the invention is not limited or fixed and may be selected according to the particular circumstances.
Referring to fig. 2 again, in the embodiment of the present invention, two ends of the anchor cable of the anchor system 105 are respectively connected to the seabed and the midpoint of the front end of the contracting wave channel 101, and the length and mass of the anchor cable are adjusted according to the depth of the water area, so that the whole device system floats on the sea surface; with reference to fig. 1, the longitudinal direction of the device is consistent with the wave propagation direction of the whole system provided by the invention under the combined action of wind, wave and anchor system 105, so that the system can better collect wave energy.
In the specific embodiment, the size, mass, material and the like of the convergent wave channel 101, the sloping-bottom ascending water channel 102, the wave-collecting lens 103, the anchor system 105 and the like adopted by the invention can be adjusted according to the wave conditions of the sea area in use, and the whole device is of a floating structure, so that the device has good adaptability to other sea condition factors such as offshore wind, current and the like, namely the device can be widely applied to various sea condition conditions, such as wave energy dispersion, coastal areas with low energy flow density and offshore areas.
According to the floating wave-gathering refraction multistage wave gathering system, the contraction wave channel, the inclined bottom ascending water channel and the wave-gathering lens are sequentially arranged according to the wave propagation direction, and the wave energy conversion device is arranged at the focus position of the wave-gathering lens, so that the wave energy is gathered by the contraction wave channel, the wave height of the wave is increased, the wave energy density is improved, the wave height of the wave is increased again by the inclined bottom ascending water channel, the wave is refracted by the wave-gathering lens, the wave propagation direction is changed, the wave energy is gathered at the focus position, and the wave energy conversion and utilization are realized by the wave energy conversion device; compared with the prior art, the wave energy conversion device can gather dispersed waves with low energy current density, enhance the adaptability of the wave energy conversion device to various wave conditions, improve the economy and the high efficiency of wave energy conversion, and realize the full, economic and high-efficiency utilization of low-grade renewable energy with low resource utilization value.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments described in the foregoing detailed description, or equivalent changes may be made in some of the features of the embodiments described above. The present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (7)
1. A floating type wave-gathering refraction multistage wave gathering system is used for energy conversion and utilization of low-grade waves with small wave heights and is characterized in that the system integrally floats on the sea surface and comprises a contraction wave channel, an inclined bottom ascending water channel and a wave-gathering lens which are sequentially arranged according to the wave propagation direction, one end of the inclined bottom ascending water channel is connected with the contraction wave channel, and the other end of the inclined bottom ascending water channel is connected with the wave-gathering lens; the wave collecting lens is used for changing the propagation direction of the waves with the wave height increased by the inclined bottom ascending water channel, so that all the waves are collected at the focus position of the wave collecting lens; wherein:
the contraction wave channel comprises a left side wall, a right side wall and a smooth bottom surface which are symmetrically arranged, the left side wall and the right side wall form the same angle with the wave propagation direction, and the smooth bottom surface is arranged between the left side wall and the right side wall and is connected with the bottoms of the left side wall and the right side wall into a whole; the inclined-bottom ascending water channel comprises a left side parallel wall and a right side parallel wall which are parallel to the wave propagation direction, and a water channel bottom surface which is arranged on the left side parallel wall, the right side parallel wall and is connected with the bottoms of the left side parallel wall and the right side parallel wall into a whole; the wave-gathering lens is a structure which is in the shape of an optical lens and is submerged in seawater, and the horizontal section of the structure is in the shape of the optical lens.
2. A floating wave-concentrating and refracting multistage wave concentrating system according to claim 1, further provided with a wave energy conversion device for energy conversion at the focal point.
3. The floating wave concentrating refractive multistage wave concentrating system according to claim 2, wherein the wave energy conversion device is a point suction type conversion system.
4. The floating wave-focusing and refracting multistage wave-focusing system according to claim 1, wherein the contracting channel connects the sloping-bottom ascending water channel with a wave outlet at one end and a wave inlet at the other end, and the width of the wave inlet is larger than the width of the wave outlet; the wave outlet is consistent with the width of the inclined-bottom ascending water channel; the wave-collecting lens is consistent with the inclined bottom water ascending channel in width.
5. The floating wave-concentrating and refracting multistage wave-concentrating system according to claim 4, wherein the angles between the left and right side walls and the inclined-bottom ascending channel are each set to a magnitude of 30 ° to 60 °.
6. The floating wave-concentrating, refracting multi-stage wave focusing system according to claim 1, wherein the maximum depth of the bottom surface of the water channel is no greater than 1/2 of the wave wavelength.
7. A floating wave-concentrating and refracting multistage wave-concentrating system according to any one of claims 1 to 6 further comprising an anchor system fixed at one end to the sea floor and at the other end connected to the convergent channel for securing the entire system at a given sea surface location.
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Application publication date: 20190329 Assignee: Center for technology transfer Jiangsu University of Science and Technology Assignor: JIANGSU University OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Contract record no.: X2021980006173 Denomination of invention: A floating multi-stage wave aggregation system for wave aggregation and refraction Granted publication date: 20200707 License type: Common License Record date: 20210714 |
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