CN109531743B - Bamboo veneer, PVC composite floor and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Bamboo veneer, PVC composite floor and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109531743B CN109531743B CN201811430922.0A CN201811430922A CN109531743B CN 109531743 B CN109531743 B CN 109531743B CN 201811430922 A CN201811430922 A CN 201811430922A CN 109531743 B CN109531743 B CN 109531743B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
- B27K3/16—Inorganic impregnating agents
- B27K3/32—Mixtures of different inorganic impregnating agents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K9/00—Chemical or physical treatment of reed, straw, or similar material
- B27K9/002—Cane, bamboo
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a bamboo veneer and a PVC composite floor, and the bamboo veneer and the PVC composite floor prepared by the method. The method for preparing the bamboo veneer comprises the steps of carrying out cell pore dredging treatment, hydroxyl sealing treatment and temperature resistance treatment on an original bamboo veneer cutting material. The bamboo veneer and the PVC composite floor manufactured according to the invention have the characteristics of high temperature resistance and no deformation in the use process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for preparing a bamboo veneer, a method for preparing a PVC composite floor, and the bamboo veneer and the PVC composite floor prepared by the methods.
Background
The bamboo veneer (also called as thin bamboo) not only has the performance similar to that of precious hard broad-leaf wood veneer, but also keeps the unique texture of bamboo, has fresh and natural, simple and elegant and natural texture, gives people a natural feeling after the product is veneered or decorated by the bamboo veneer, and is popular with users. Therefore, the bamboo veneer is widely applied to the fields of veneering and decoration of artificial boards, furniture and the like as a novel high-grade veneering decoration material, and the market demand is rapidly increasing.
However, the bamboo veneer which is not specially treated is not resistant to temperature, and after the bamboo veneer is used at a high temperature (for example, more than 100 ℃) for a certain time, the bamboo veneer can have the conditions of strength reduction, cracking and the like, so that the bamboo veneer becomes a waste product and loses the use value; especially, after the bamboo veneer is used for a long time at high temperature (above 150 ℃), the bamboo veneer can be subjected to thermal decomposition, carbonization, even ignition and combustion, and the like, so that the fire of a building can be caused, and casualties and property loss can be caused. Therefore, the research on the temperature resistance technology of the bamboo veneer is vigorously carried out, and the research not only has very important practical significance, but also has urgent requirements.
The PVC floor is produced by using polyvinyl chloride and copolymer resin thereof as main raw materials through a series of processes, has the characteristics of light weight, good elasticity, water resistance, moisture resistance and the like, and is widely used in the field of decoration in public places. But the PVC floor is not temperature-resistant and easy to age, and begins to soften at a low temperature (80-85 ℃), so that the strength is rapidly reduced and the use value is lost, and the maximum temperature of the PVC floor capable of bearing continuous use is only within a range of 65-80 ℃; if the agent is acted at high temperature (above 140 ℃) for a long time, severe decomposition, combustion and the like occur, and toxic gas is generated. Therefore, the research on the temperature resistance technology of the PVC floor is vigorously carried out, and the research not only has very important practical significance, but also has urgent requirements. In addition, the PVC floor is made of plastics, and has no feeling and characteristics of fresh nature, nature returning and the like of natural biomass materials such as bamboo wood, wood and the like, so that the PVC floor is less in use amount in home decoration in China at present.
Therefore, the research and development of the novel PVC composite floor are used for overcoming the defects, and the novel PVC composite floor has very important significance for widening the application range of the PVC floor and meeting the living needs of people.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention provides a method for preparing a temperature-resistant bamboo veneer and a PVC composite floor, the temperature-resistant bamboo veneer and the PVC composite floor comprising the same, aiming at the defects that the bamboo veneer and the PVC floor are not resistant to temperature, and the strength is easy to reduce, decompose, catch fire and burn under the action of high temperature. The temperature-resistant bamboo veneer and the PVC composite floor manufactured by the invention have the respective excellent characteristics of the bamboo veneer and the PVC floor, have the characteristics of fresh and natural texture, good moisture resistance, high temperature resistance and the like, are not easy to deform and crack when used in a humid environment, and are not easy to generate the phenomena of strength reduction, thermal decomposition, ignition, combustion and the like under the action of high temperature.
According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for preparing a bamboo veneer, comprising sequentially performing cell pore dredging treatment, hydroxyl sealing treatment and temperature resistance treatment on an original bamboo veneer cutting material.
The cell pore dredging treatment sequentially comprises warm water treatment, microwave treatment and acid-base treatment. Wherein the warm water treatment comprises the step of placing the original bamboo veneer cutting material in a water tank with the temperature of 40-60 ℃ for treatment for 40-60 minutes. The microwave treatment comprises the step of placing the bamboo veneer cutting material subjected to warm water treatment in microwave treatment equipment, and carrying out microwave treatment for 10-30 seconds at the power of 2-8 kW. The acid-base treatment comprises the steps of placing the bamboo veneer subjected to microwave treatment in a pool filled with HCl solution with the mass percentage concentration of 0.2% -0.9% for treatment for 20-30 minutes, and then placing the bamboo veneer in a pool filled with NaOH solution with the mass percentage concentration of 0.2% -0.9% for treatment for 20-30 minutes.
The hydroxyl blocking treatment comprises:
(1) drying the bamboo veneer cutting material subjected to cell pore dredging treatment at 100-110 ℃ until the water content is 5-10%, then putting the bamboo veneer cutting material into a treatment pool filled with a mixed solution of acetic anhydride, maleic anhydride and succinic anhydride with the mass percentage of 50-65%, 20-35% and 5-20%, or a treatment pool filled with a mixed solution of propionic anhydride and butyric anhydride with the mass percentage of 60-70% and 30-40% for first soaking treatment for 1-6 hours;
(2) placing the bamboo veneer cutting material subjected to the first soaking treatment into a treatment tank filled with a pyrimidine solution of benzoyl chloride with the mass percentage concentration of 10-35%, or a potassium acetate aqueous solution, a sodium acetate aqueous solution or a sodium propionate aqueous solution with the mass percentage concentration of 10-35%, carrying out second soaking treatment, heating the treatment tank to 50-80 ℃ at the heating rate of 3-6 ℃/h, keeping the temperature constant, and carrying out heat treatment on the bamboo veneer cutting material subjected to the second soaking treatment for 1-6 h;
(3) taking out the heat-treated bamboo veneer cutting material, placing the heat-treated bamboo veneer cutting material in an empty pool, and introducing hot air flow of 40-60 ℃ into the empty pool for 40-60 minutes to remove unreacted treatment solution in the first soaking treatment and the second soaking treatment;
(4) and (3) putting the bamboo veneer cutting material without the unreacted treatment solution into a drying box, and drying at 100-110 ℃ until the water content is 5-10%.
And the temperature-resistant treatment comprises the step of placing the bamboo veneer cutting material subjected to the hydroxyl sealing treatment in a pool filled with a temperature-resistant agent for temperature-resistant treatment for 1-3 hours.
The temperature resistant agent consists of 55-65% of silica sol, 25-35% of aluminum hydroxide, magnesium sulfate and calcium silicate, and 15-25% of silica sol, aluminum hydroxide, magnesium sulfate and calcium silicate.
Preferably, the method for preparing the bamboo veneer comprises the steps of gluing the bamboo veneer cutting material subjected to temperature resistance treatment by using a composite adhesive; the composite adhesive is composed of, by mass, 45-60%, 30-45%, 15-25%, and 5-15% of a polyvinyl acetate emulsion, a styrene-acrylic emulsion, maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene, and an isocyanate adhesive.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of preparing a PVC composite flooring, comprising:
mixing a PVC sheet base material, a composite stabilizer and a temperature resistant agent in a mass ratio of 65-80% to 5-15% to 15-25% and extruding into a PVC sheet;
paving the bamboo veneer prepared by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6 on the upper surface and the lower surface of the PVC sheet along the grain to obtain a PVC composite floor slab;
and carrying out hot pressing on the PVC composite floor slab.
Preferably, the composite stabilizer consists of dibutyltin maleate and dibutyltin dilaurate in a mass ratio of 1: 1; the temperature resistant agent is composed of 55-65% of silica sol, 25-35% of aluminum hydroxide, magnesium sulfate and calcium silicate, and 15-25% of silica sol, aluminum hydroxide, magnesium sulfate and calcium silicate.
The invention also provides the bamboo veneer and the PVC composite floor prepared by the method.
The bamboo veneer and the PVC composite floor prepared by the method have the following beneficial effects:
according to the method for preparing the bamboo veneer, the original bamboo veneer cutting material is subjected to cell pore dredging treatment, hydroxyl sealing treatment and temperature resistance treatment, so that the circulation and permeation efficiency of the treatment liquid in the bamboo veneer cutting material is improved, the water absorption and moisture absorption capacities of the bamboo veneer are greatly reduced, and the temperature resistance capacity is improved. According to the method for preparing the PVC composite floor, the bamboo veneer treated by the specific method is used, and the PVC sheet containing the composite stabilizer and the temperature-resistant agent is used, so that the prepared PVC composite floor has the advantages of no reduction in strength, no deformation, no cracking and no combustion in a humid and high-temperature environment.
Detailed Description
The method for preparing the bamboo veneer provided by the invention comprises the steps of carrying out cell pore dredging treatment, hydroxyl sealing treatment and temperature resistance treatment on the original bamboo veneer cutting material.
The original bamboo veneer cut material can be, for example, an original sliced bamboo veneer cut material, a rotary cut bamboo veneer cut material, or a saw cut bamboo veneer cut material.
Various treatment solutions are generally adopted to carry out temperature resistance, fire prevention, crack prevention and other treatments on the original bamboo veneer cutting material, and the effects of temperature resistance, fire prevention and crack prevention after treatment are closely related to whether a flow channel of liquid in the bamboo veneer cutting material is unblocked or not. The more unblocked the flow channel is, the more sufficient the treatment solution permeates into the bamboo veneer cutting material, and the better the heat-resistant, fireproof and anti-cracking effects are.
Firstly, cell pore dredging treatment
According to the invention, the cell pore dredging treatment sequentially comprises warm water treatment, microwave treatment and acid-base treatment.
1. Warm water treatment
The warm water treatment comprises the step of placing the original bamboo veneer cutting material in a water pool with the temperature of 40-60 ℃ for treatment for 40-60 minutes. Preferably, after warm water treatment, the bamboo veneer is taken out of the warm water pool and stands for 10-20 minutes at room temperature (20-25 ℃) for subsequent processes. The warm water treatment has the functions of removing various hydrophilic starch, sugar, protein and other inclusions in the cell cavities and cell wall pores of the bamboo veneer, expanding the opening of the pore membrane, improving the permeability of the bamboo veneer and providing a foundation for smooth and rapid flow of the treatment liquid in the bamboo veneer.
2. Microwave treatment
The microwave treatment comprises the step of placing the bamboo veneer subjected to warm water treatment in microwave treatment equipment, and carrying out microwave treatment for 10-30 seconds at the power of 2-8 kW. Preferably, after the microwave treatment, the bamboo veneer is taken out of the microwave treatment equipment and stands for 10-20 minutes at room temperature for subsequent processes. The microwave treatment has the effects of breaking through a grain hole plug of the cell wall of the bamboo veneer cut material or breaking a grain hole film, further expanding the opening of the grain hole film, improving the permeability of the bamboo veneer cut material and providing guarantee for the more smooth and rapid flow of the treatment liquid in the bamboo veneer cut material.
3. Acid-base treatment
The acid-base treatment comprises the steps of firstly placing the bamboo veneer cutting material subjected to microwave treatment in a pool filled with HCl solution with the mass percentage concentration of 0.2% -0.9% for treatment for 20-30 minutes, and leaching out the acid content substances which are not removed. Then, the mixture is placed in a pool filled with NaOH solution with the mass percentage concentration of 0.2-0.9% for treatment for 20-30 minutes, and the alkaline inclusion substances which are not removed are extracted. Preferably, after the alkali treatment, the bamboo veneer is taken out of the alkali treatment pool and stands for 10-20 minutes at room temperature.
After the cell pore dredging treatment, the permeability of the bamboo veneer can be improved by more than 85 percent, so that the waterproof, moistureproof and anti-cracking treatment solution in the subsequent treatment process can circulate and permeate in the bamboo veneer cutting material as much as possible, and the performances of the bamboo veneer such as waterproofness, moistureproof and anti-cracking can be greatly improved.
Di, hydroxy group sealing treatment
The main chemical components of the bamboo veneer cutting material are cellulose and hemicellulose, and a large amount of hydroxyl contained in the bamboo veneer cutting material is the most main reason for causing the bamboo veneer to expand and deform due to water absorption and moisture absorption and crack due to drying, water loss and shrinkage. Therefore, the sealing treatment of the hydroxyl groups of the bamboo veneer cutting material is very important.
The hydroxyl blocking treatment comprises the following steps:
(1) drying the bamboo veneer cutting material subjected to cell pore dredging treatment at 100-110 ℃, for example, in a drying box until the water content is 5-10%, then placing the bamboo veneer cutting material into a treatment pool filled with a mixed solution of acetic anhydride, maleic anhydride and succinic anhydride with the mass percentage of 50-65%, 20-35% and 5-20%, or a treatment pool filled with a mixed solution of propionic anhydride and butyric anhydride with the mass percentage of 60-70% and 30-40% for first soaking treatment for 1-6 hours;
(2) placing the bamboo veneer cutting material subjected to the first soaking treatment into a treatment tank filled with a pyrimidine solution of benzoyl chloride with the mass percentage concentration of 10-35%, or a potassium acetate aqueous solution, a sodium acetate aqueous solution or a sodium propionate aqueous solution with the mass percentage concentration of 10-35%, carrying out second soaking treatment, heating the treatment tank to 50-80 ℃ at the heating rate of 3-6 ℃/h, keeping the temperature constant, and carrying out heat treatment on the bamboo veneer cutting material subjected to the second soaking treatment for 1-6 h;
(3) taking out the heat-treated bamboo veneer cutting material, placing the heat-treated bamboo veneer cutting material in an empty pool, and introducing hot air flow (such as hot air flow) at the temperature of 40-60 ℃ into the empty pool for 40-60 minutes to remove unreacted treatment solution in the first soaking treatment and the second soaking treatment;
(4) and (3) putting the bamboo veneer cutting material without the unreacted treatment solution into a drying oven, and drying at 100-110 ℃ until the water content is 5-10% to obtain the hydroxyl-sealed bamboo veneer cutting material.
After the hydroxyl sealing treatment, the hydroxyl sealing rate of the bamboo veneer cutting material reaches more than 85 percent, and the bamboo veneer cutting material basically cannot absorb water and moisture again in the later use process and cannot crack after being dried.
Third, temperature resistant treatment
And (3) placing the bamboo veneer cutting material with the closed hydroxyl groups into a pool filled with a temperature-resistant agent for temperature-resistant treatment for 1-3 hours to prepare the temperature-resistant bamboo veneer cutting material. The temperature resistant agent consists of 55-65% by mass, 25-35% by mass, 15-25% by mass and 5-15% by mass of silica sol, aluminum hydroxide, magnesium sulfate and calcium silicate.
Fourth, temperature resistant glue
Gluing the hydroxyl-closed bamboo veneer cutting material, wherein the adhesive for gluing is a composite adhesive, and the double-sided gluing amount is 300-360 g/m2。
In the method of the present invention, the gumming is performed using a four-roll gumming machine. The four-roller glue spreader comprises two front glue spreading rollers and two rear mechanical brush rollers. The mechanical brush rolls are made with resilient brushes (e.g., highly resilient horse, nylon, hog, ground, etc.).
Compared with the gluing process in the prior plywood production, the two front gluing rollers of the four-roller gluing machine are used for gluing, and the two rear mechanical brush rollers are completely different from the two rear gluing rollers in the prior gluing process, so that the two mechanical brush rollers can enable the adhesive to be evenly coated on the bamboo veneer more than the gluing rollers, and the condition that the conventional gluing rollers are adopted to cause glue shortage can not occur.
The composite adhesive consists of polyvinyl acetate emulsion, styrene-acrylic emulsion, maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene and isocyanate in the mass percentage of 45-60%, 30-45%, 15-25% and 5-15%.
The bamboo veneer cutting material after gluing is finished, trimmed and sanded by the conventional technology, and the bamboo veneer product with the moisture-proof, temperature-resistant and crack-resistant performances can be obtained.
The invention also provides a method for preparing the PVC composite floor, which comprises the following steps:
mixing a PVC sheet base material, a composite stabilizer and a temperature resistant agent in a mass ratio of 65-80% to 5-15% to 15-25% and extruding into a PVC sheet;
paving the bamboo veneers prepared by the method for preparing the bamboo veneers on the upper surface and the lower surface of a PVC sheet along the grain to obtain a PVC composite floor board blank;
and (3) carrying out hot pressing on the PVC composite floor slab.
The PVC sheet base material comprises 100 parts of PVC resin, 30 parts of plasticizer, 4 parts of epoxy oil, filler and 210 parts of pigment.
The composite stabilizer consists of dibutyltin maleate and dibutyltin dilaurate in a mass ratio of 1: 1. The temperature resistant agent consists of 55-65% of silica sol, 25-35% of aluminum hydroxide, magnesium sulfate and calcium silicate in a mass ratio of 15-25% to 5-15%.
The number of layers of the bamboo veneers on the upper surface and the lower surface can be selected at will according to needs, the layers can be selected at will between 1-5 layers generally, and the texture and the number of the temperature-resistant bamboo veneers on the upper surface and the lower surface are preferably symmetrical so as to ensure that the appearance of the composite floor is unchanged in the use process.
The hot pressing process parameters are as follows: hot pressing temperature is 60-90 ℃, pressure per unit plate area is 0.8-2.0 MPa, and hot pressing time is 1.2-1.5 min/mm plate thickness.
And stacking the PVC composite floor boards obtained after hot pressing at room temperature for 8-24 h preferably, and then cutting edges and sanding to obtain the PVC composite floor board product.
The PVC composite floor has high temperature resistance, and does not soften or decrease in strength after being subjected to heating at 80-85 ℃ for 8-24 hours; the paint is used for 1-6 hours at the high temperature of more than 140 ℃, and the conditions of violent decomposition, ignition, combustion and the like do not occur.
The present invention is further illustrated by way of the following examples, which are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Examples
Example 1
Firstly, preparation of bamboo veneer
1. Placing the sliced bamboo veneer cutting material in a water pool at 40 ℃ for treating for 60 minutes, taking out the bamboo veneer cutting material, and standing for 10 minutes at 20 ℃;
2. placing the bamboo veneer cutting material treated in the step 1 into a microwave oven, carrying out microwave treatment for 30 seconds at the power of 2kW, taking out, and standing for 10 minutes at 20 ℃;
3. placing the bamboo veneer cutting material treated in the step 2 in a pool filled with HCl solution with the mass percentage concentration of 0.2% for treatment for 30 minutes, then placing the bamboo veneer cutting material in a pool filled with NaOH solution with the mass percentage concentration of 0.2% for treatment for 30 minutes, and then taking the bamboo veneer cutting material out of the alkali treatment pool and standing the bamboo veneer cutting material for 10 minutes at the temperature of 20 ℃;
4. drying the bamboo veneer cutting material processed in the step 3 in a drying oven at 100 ℃ until the water content is 5%, and then completely soaking the bamboo veneer cutting material in a treatment pool filled with a mixed solution of acetic anhydride, maleic anhydride and succinic anhydride with the mass percentage of 50 to 30 to 20% for 1 hour;
5. placing the soaked bamboo veneer cutting material into a treatment pool filled with 10% benzoyl chloride pyrimidine solution by mass percent, completely soaking, heating the treatment pool to 50 ℃ at a heating rate of 3 ℃/h, keeping the temperature constant, and carrying out heat treatment on the soaked bamboo veneer cutting material for 6 hours;
6. taking out the heat-treated bamboo veneer cutting material, placing the heat-treated bamboo veneer cutting material in an empty pool, and introducing hot air flow at 40 ℃ into the empty pool for 60 minutes to remove unreacted treatment solution;
7. placing the bamboo veneer cutting material without the unreacted treatment solution into a drying oven, and drying at 100 ℃ until the water content is 5% to obtain the bamboo veneer with the sealed hydroxyl groups;
8. placing the hydroxyl-sealed bamboo veneer cutting material into a pool filled with a temperature-resistant agent for temperature-resistant treatment for 1 hour, wherein the temperature-resistant agent is composed of silicon dioxide sol, aluminum hydroxide, magnesium sulfate and calcium silicate in a mass ratio of 55 to 25 to 15 to 5;
9. gluing the bamboo veneer cutting material subjected to temperature resistance treatment by using a composite adhesive,wherein the composite adhesive comprises polyvinyl acetate emulsion 45% to 30% to 15% to 10%, styrene-acrylic emulsion, maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene and isocyanate, the adhesive coating is carried out by a four-roller adhesive coating machine comprising two front adhesive coating rollers and two rear brushing rollers, and the double-sided adhesive coating amount is 300g/m2And obtaining the temperature-resistant bamboo veneer.
Preparation of PVC composite floor
1. Mixing a PVC sheet base material, a composite stabilizer and a temperature resistant agent in a mass ratio of 65 to 15 to 20% and extruding the mixture into a PVC sheet, wherein the PVC sheet base material consists of 100 parts of PVC resin, 30 parts of plasticizer, 4 parts of epoxy oil, a filler and 210 parts of pigment, the composite stabilizer consists of dibutyltin maleate and dibutyltin dilaurate in a mass ratio of 1:1, and the temperature resistant agent consists of silica sol, aluminum hydroxide, magnesium sulfate and calcium silicate in a mass ratio of 55 to 25 to 15 to 5;
2. paving the temperature-resistant bamboo single board on the upper surface and the lower surface of a PVC sheet along the grain to obtain a PVC composite floor board blank;
3. carrying out hot pressing on the three layers of the PVC composite floor board blanks to obtain the PVC composite floor board, wherein the hot pressing conditions are as follows: the hot pressing temperature is 60 ℃, the maximum pressure of the plate blank per unit area is 0.8MPa, and the hot pressing time is 0.8min/mm of plate thickness.
The PVC composite floor prepared in the way is measured for the water absorption thickness expansion rate, the moisture absorption rate and the cracking condition in 24 hours according to the method of testing the physical and chemical properties of the artificial board and the facing artificial board (GB/T17657-2013), and the results are shown in Table 1.
The PVC composite floor is respectively kept at 80 ℃ for 8 hours and 140 ℃ for 1 hour, and whether the phenomena of softening, decomposition or burning occur or not is observed. The results are shown in Table 1, respectively.
Example 2
Firstly, preparation of bamboo veneer
1. Placing the sliced bamboo veneer cutting material in a water pool at 40 ℃ for treating for 60 minutes, taking out the bamboo veneer cutting material, and standing for 10 minutes at 20 ℃;
2. placing the bamboo veneer cutting material treated in the step 1 into a microwave oven, carrying out microwave treatment for 30 seconds at the power of 2kW, taking out, and standing for 10 minutes at 20 ℃;
3. placing the bamboo veneer cutting material treated in the step 2 in a pool filled with HCl solution with the mass percentage concentration of 0.2% for treatment for 30 minutes, then placing the bamboo veneer cutting material in a pool filled with NaOH solution with the mass percentage concentration of 0.2% for treatment for 30 minutes, and then taking the bamboo veneer cutting material out of the alkali treatment pool and standing the bamboo veneer cutting material for 10 minutes at the temperature of 20 ℃;
4. drying the bamboo veneer cutting material processed in the step 3 in a drying oven at 100 ℃ until the water content is 5%, and then completely soaking the bamboo veneer cutting material in a treatment pool filled with a mixed solution of acetic anhydride, maleic anhydride and succinic anhydride with the mass percentage of 50 to 30 to 20% for 1 hour;
5. placing the soaked bamboo veneer cutting material into a treatment pool filled with 10% benzoyl chloride pyrimidine solution by mass percent, completely soaking, heating the treatment pool to 50 ℃ at a heating rate of 3 ℃/h, keeping the temperature constant, and carrying out heat treatment on the soaked bamboo veneer cutting material for 6 hours;
6. taking out the heat-treated bamboo veneer cutting material, placing the heat-treated bamboo veneer cutting material in an empty pool, and introducing hot air flow at 40 ℃ into the empty pool for 60 minutes to remove unreacted treatment solution;
7. placing the bamboo veneer cutting material without the unreacted treatment solution into a drying oven, and drying at 100 ℃ until the water content is 5% to obtain the bamboo veneer with the sealed hydroxyl groups;
8. placing the hydroxyl-sealed bamboo veneer cutting material into a pool filled with a temperature-resistant agent for temperature-resistant treatment for 1 hour, wherein the temperature-resistant agent is composed of silicon dioxide sol, aluminum hydroxide, magnesium sulfate and calcium silicate in a mass ratio of 55 to 25 to 15 to 5;
9. gluing the temperature-resistant processed bamboo veneer cutting material by using a composite adhesive, wherein the composite adhesive comprises 45 percent of polyvinyl acetate emulsion, 30 percent of styrene-acrylic emulsion, 20 percent of maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene and 5 percent of isocyanate, the gluing is carried out by using a four-roller gluing machine comprising two front gluing rollers and two rear grinding brush rollers, and the gluing amount on two sides is 300g/m2To prepare the temperature-resistant bamboo sheetAnd (3) a plate.
Preparation of PVC composite floor
1. Mixing a PVC sheet base material, a composite stabilizer and a temperature resistance agent in a mass ratio of 80 to 5 to 15% and extruding the mixture into a PVC sheet, wherein the PVC sheet base material consists of 100 parts of PVC resin, 30 parts of plasticizer, 4 parts of epoxy oil, 210 parts of filler and pigment, the composite stabilizer consists of dibutyltin maleate and dibutyltin dilaurate in a mass ratio of 1:1, and the temperature resistance agent consists of silica sol, aluminum hydroxide, magnesium sulfate and calcium silicate in a mass ratio of 55 to 25 to 15 to 5;
2. paving the temperature-resistant bamboo single board on the upper surface and the lower surface of a PVC sheet along the grain to obtain a PVC composite floor board blank;
3. carrying out hot pressing on the three layers of the PVC composite floor board blanks to obtain the PVC composite floor board, wherein the hot pressing conditions are as follows: the hot pressing temperature is 90 ℃, the maximum pressure of the plate blank per unit area is 2.0MPa, and the hot pressing time is 1.5min/mm of plate thickness.
The PVC composite flooring obtained as described above was measured for the expansion rate of water absorption thickness, moisture absorption rate and cracking at 24 hours, and maintained at 80 c for 8 hours and 140 c for 1 hour, respectively, and it was observed whether the softening, decomposition or burning phenomenon occurred, and the results are shown in table 1.
Example 3
A PVC composite floor was prepared in the same manner as in example 1, except that the mixed solution in the step 4 of preparing the bamboo veneer was a mixed solution of 60% to 40% of propionic anhydride and butyric anhydride.
The PVC composite flooring obtained as described above was measured for the expansion rate of water absorption thickness, moisture absorption rate and cracking at 24 hours, and maintained at 80 c for 8 hours and 140 c for 1 hour, respectively, and it was observed whether the softening, decomposition or burning phenomenon occurred, and the results are shown in table 1.
Example 4
A PVC composite floor was prepared in the same manner as in example 1, except that the soaking solution in the step 5 of preparing the bamboo veneer was a 10% potassium acetate solution.
The PVC composite flooring obtained as described above was measured for the expansion rate of water absorption thickness, moisture absorption rate and cracking at 24 hours, and maintained at 80 c for 8 hours and 140 c for 1 hour, respectively, and it was observed whether the softening, decomposition or burning phenomenon occurred, and the results are shown in table 1.
Example 5
A PVC composite floor was prepared in the same manner as in example 1, except that the soaking solution in the step 5 of preparing the bamboo veneer was a 35% potassium acetate solution.
The PVC composite flooring obtained as described above was measured for the expansion rate of water absorption thickness, moisture absorption rate and cracking at 24 hours, and maintained at 80 c for 8 hours and 140 c for 1 hour, respectively, and it was observed whether the softening, decomposition or burning phenomenon occurred, and the results are shown in table 1.
Comparative example 1
A PVC composite flooring is prepared in the same manner as in example 1, except that the step 3 of preparing the bamboo veneer is not performed.
The PVC composite flooring obtained as described above was measured for the expansion rate of water absorption thickness, moisture absorption rate and cracking at 24 hours, and maintained at 80 c for 8 hours and 140 c for 1 hour, respectively, and it was observed whether the softening, decomposition or burning phenomenon occurred, and the results are shown in table 1.
Comparative example 2
A PVC composite flooring is prepared in the same manner as in example 1, except that the step 4 of preparing the bamboo veneer is not performed.
The PVC composite flooring obtained as described above was measured for the expansion rate of water absorption thickness, moisture absorption rate and cracking at 24 hours, and maintained at 80 c for 8 hours and 140 c for 1 hour, respectively, and it was observed whether the softening, decomposition or burning phenomenon occurred, and the results are shown in table 1.
Comparative example 3
A PVC composite flooring is prepared in the same manner as in example 1, except that the step 5 of preparing the bamboo veneer is not performed.
The PVC composite flooring obtained as described above was measured for the expansion rate of water absorption thickness, moisture absorption rate and cracking at 24 hours, and maintained at 80 c for 8 hours and 140 c for 1 hour, respectively, and it was observed whether the softening, decomposition or burning phenomenon occurred, and the results are shown in table 1.
Comparative example 4
A PVC composite floor was prepared in the same manner as in example 1, except that the composite stabilizer and the temperature resistant agent were not added in the step 1 of preparing the PVC sheet.
The PVC composite flooring obtained as described above was measured for the expansion rate of water absorption thickness, moisture absorption rate and cracking at 24 hours, and maintained at 80 c for 8 hours and 140 c for 1 hour, respectively, and it was observed whether the softening, decomposition or burning phenomenon occurred, and the results are shown in table 1.
Comparative example 5
A PVC flooring was prepared in the same manner as in example 1, except that the upper and lower surfaces of the PVC sheet were not coated with bamboo veneers.
The PVC laminate flooring obtained as described above was measured for 8 hours at 80 ℃ and 1 hour at 140 ℃ to observe whether or not softening, decomposition or burning occurred, and the results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
Note:
and 5, stage: no fine cracks
4, level: micro cracks only under 6 times magnifying glass
And 3, level: in addition to the 2-stage defect, cracks were observed with the naked eye at the edge of the hole, but did not extend to either side of the test piece
And 2, stage: cracks can be observed by naked eyes at the edge of the hole, the cracks extend to one side of the test piece, but the test piece is not cracked into 2 pieces
Level 1: the test piece is split into 2 pieces
As can be seen from table 1 above, according to the method for preparing the bamboo veneer and the PVC composite floor of the present invention, the bamboo veneer is subjected to cell pore dredging treatment (including warm water treatment, microwave treatment and acid-base treatment in sequence), hydroxyl sealing treatment and temperature resistance treatment, the composite stabilizer and the temperature resistance agent are added to the components of the PVC sheet, and the steps are mutually supported and have a synergistic effect, such that the 24h absorption thickness expansion rate of the PVC composite floor is less than or equal to 1.0%, the moisture absorption rate is less than or equal to 0.5%, and the PVC composite floor is not softened and does not burn when kept at 80 ℃ for 8h and 140 ℃ for 1 h.
Claims (7)
1. A method for preparing a bamboo veneer is characterized by comprising the steps of sequentially carrying out cell pore dredging treatment, hydroxyl sealing treatment and temperature resistance treatment on an original bamboo veneer cutting material;
the cell pore dredging treatment sequentially comprises warm water treatment, microwave treatment and acid-base treatment;
wherein the warm water treatment comprises the step of placing the original bamboo veneer cutting material in a water tank with the temperature of 40-60 ℃ for treatment for 40-60 minutes; the microwave treatment comprises the steps of placing the bamboo veneer cutting material subjected to warm water treatment in microwave treatment equipment, and carrying out microwave treatment for 10-30 seconds at the power of 2-8 kW; the acid-base treatment comprises the steps of placing the bamboo veneer cutting material subjected to microwave treatment in a pool filled with HCl solution with the mass percentage concentration of 0.2-0.9% for treatment for 20-30 minutes, and then placing the bamboo veneer cutting material in a pool filled with NaOH solution with the mass percentage concentration of 0.2-0.9% for treatment for 20-30 minutes;
the hydroxyl blocking treatment comprises:
(1) drying the bamboo veneer cutting material subjected to cell pore dredging treatment at 100-110 ℃ until the water content is 5-10%, then putting the bamboo veneer cutting material into a treatment pool filled with a mixed solution of acetic anhydride, maleic anhydride and succinic anhydride with the mass percentage of 50-65%, 20-35% and 5-20%, or a treatment pool filled with a mixed solution of propionic anhydride and butyric anhydride with the mass percentage of 60-70% and 30-40% for first soaking treatment for 1-6 hours;
(2) placing the bamboo veneer cutting material subjected to the first soaking treatment into a treatment tank filled with a pyrimidine solution of benzoyl chloride with the mass percentage concentration of 10-35%, or a potassium acetate aqueous solution, a sodium acetate aqueous solution or a sodium propionate aqueous solution with the mass percentage concentration of 10-35%, carrying out second soaking treatment, heating the treatment tank to 50-80 ℃ at the heating rate of 3-6 ℃/h, keeping the temperature constant, and carrying out heat treatment on the bamboo veneer cutting material subjected to the second soaking treatment for 1-6 h;
(3) taking out the heat-treated bamboo veneer cutting material, placing the heat-treated bamboo veneer cutting material in an empty pool, and introducing hot air flow of 40-60 ℃ into the empty pool for 40-60 minutes to remove unreacted treatment solution in the first soaking treatment and the second soaking treatment;
(4) putting the bamboo veneer cutting material without the unreacted treatment solution into a drying oven, and drying at 100-110 ℃ until the water content is 5-10%;
the hydroxyl sealing rate of the bamboo veneer cutting material after the hydroxyl sealing treatment reaches more than 85 percent;
and the temperature-resistant treatment comprises the step of placing the bamboo veneer cutting material subjected to the hydroxyl sealing treatment in a pool filled with a temperature-resistant agent for temperature-resistant treatment for 1-3 hours.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the temperature resistant agent comprises 55-65% of silica sol, 25-35% of aluminum hydroxide, magnesium sulfate and calcium silicate, and 15-25% of silica sol, 5-15% of aluminum hydroxide, magnesium sulfate and calcium silicate.
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, comprising gluing the temperature-resistant treated bamboo veneer cutting material with a composite adhesive; the composite adhesive is composed of, by mass, 45-60%, 30-45%, 15-25%, and 5-15% of a polyvinyl acetate emulsion, a styrene-acrylic emulsion, maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene, and an isocyanate adhesive.
4. A method of preparing a PVC composite floor, comprising:
mixing a PVC sheet base material, a composite stabilizer and a temperature resistant agent in a mass ratio of 65-80% to 5-15% to 15-25% and extruding into a PVC sheet;
paving the bamboo veneer prepared by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 3 on the upper surface and the lower surface of the PVC sheet along the grain to obtain a PVC composite floor slab;
and carrying out hot pressing on the PVC composite floor slab.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the composite stabilizer consists of dibutyltin maleate and dibutyltin dilaurate in a mass ratio of 1: 1; the temperature resistant agent is composed of 55-65% of silica sol, 25-35% of aluminum hydroxide, magnesium sulfate and calcium silicate, and 15-25% of silica sol, aluminum hydroxide, magnesium sulfate and calcium silicate.
6. A bamboo veneer prepared according to the method of any one of claims 1 to 3.
7. A PVC composite flooring made according to the method of claim 4 or 5.
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