CN100589944C - Method of treating fire retardant wood using microwave - Google Patents
Method of treating fire retardant wood using microwave Download PDFInfo
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- CN100589944C CN100589944C CN200810058530A CN200810058530A CN100589944C CN 100589944 C CN100589944 C CN 100589944C CN 200810058530 A CN200810058530 A CN 200810058530A CN 200810058530 A CN200810058530 A CN 200810058530A CN 100589944 C CN100589944 C CN 100589944C
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- XHXFXVLFKHQFAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoryl trichloride Chemical compound ClP(Cl)(Cl)=O XHXFXVLFKHQFAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- OTRAYOBSWCVTIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N OB(O)O.OB(O)O.OB(O)O.OB(O)O.OB(O)O.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N Chemical compound OB(O)O.OB(O)O.OB(O)O.OB(O)O.OB(O)O.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N OTRAYOBSWCVTIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 13
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
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- DZHMRSPXDUUJER-UHFFFAOYSA-N [amino(hydroxy)methylidene]azanium;dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound NC(N)=O.OP(O)(O)=O DZHMRSPXDUUJER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for processing fire retarding wood with microwave. The method comprises the following steps: heating and processing wood through microwave; subjecting to vacuum pressure treatment; soaking the wood in flame retardant solution with mass ratio being 5-50% and under the atmospheric pressure of 0.1-10MPa for 3-720 minutes; subjecting to vacuum pressure treatment; and heating and treating through microwave to obtain the fire retarding wood. Since heat is not conducted from the outer part of the wood, but in the wood through the interaction between the microwave alternative electric field and water molecules, so as to quickly raise the whole temperature of the wood and improve the permeability of the heat, and meanwhile, kill bristletails and ova in the wood, improve the distribution state of flame retardant in the wood, and enable the flame retardant not to be segregated in-situ along with the migration of the solution, thus basically solving the problems with the traditional method that the flame retardant is present in large amounts on the surface of the wood and serious segregation occurs to the flame retardant when the fire retarding wood is treated.In addition to microwave heating, no additional heat energy is consumed. The fire retarding wood can be directly used as architectural decorative materials.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of processing method of fire retarding wood, specifically is the method for handling fire retarding wood with microwave drying technology, belongs to the timber treatment technology field.
Background technology
The fire resistance of timber not only depends on the performance and the consumption of fire retardant, but also relevant in the distribution situation of timber inside with fire retardant.Influencing the leading indicator that fire retardant permeates in timber is exactly the fluid permeability of timber.The timber fluid permeability is to describe fluid permeates complexity in timber physical quantity, because the infiltration of fluid in timber is different from the diffusion of fluid in timber, and in the treating of wood process, impregnating of the discharge of moisture, liquid is all closely related with the permeability of timber.Therefore, can fully infiltrate timber inside in order to guarantee fire retardant, form effective medicine carrying effect, the processing that timber is carried out before the medicine carrying is very important.
Traditional drying of wood processing method all is the thermal source in the external world to be passed to the surface of timber earlier by the mode of convection current, conduction or radiation (far infrared), and the mode by conduction passes to timber inside by wood surface again.Because timber is the non-conductor of heat, particularly in the low-water-content stage, its pyroconductivity is very low, is seriously restricting the raising of drying of wood speed.Mostly there is following point in the method for drying wood of prior art at present: (1) is long arid cycle, is generally 6～24 hours, and the drying of wood time that indivedual thickness are bigger is longer; (2) uneven drying is even, usually shows as timber and does interior wetting outward, has a strong impact on Wood Dimensional Stability and mechanical property; (3) drying efficiency is low, does behaviour because it mostly is batch (-type), so the labour intensity height.And the subject matter of conventional method in fire-retarding of wood is handled is: (A) rate of drying is low, easily causes the flame treatment cycle long (the high thickness timber cycle of large scale is longer) of timber; (B) uneven drying is even, causes the phenomenon of " wet in outer the doing ", and the anti-corrosion property of timber can be descended, perhaps increase the phenomenon that causes " outer burnt interior doing " drying time, even cause wood surface cracking, darken that even carbonization has a strong impact on the exterior quality and the mechanical property of timber; (C) timber is in dry run, the mode of the liquid that contains fire retardant by traditional seepage flow is to external diffusion, cause the fire retardant solute constantly to external migration, in a large amount of enrichments in the surface of timber, make the distribution of fire retardant in timber seriously uneven, the macrosegregation phenomenon appears, directly influence the fire resistance of timber, influence the character and the properties for follow of wood surface simultaneously, because the content of timber core fire retardant seldom, in the process that fire takes place, in case wood surface is destroyed, timber is lost fire resistance immediately, gives and produces, lives and cause tremendous loss.
Summary of the invention
At the prior art above shortcomings, the invention provides a kind of method,, improve medicine carrying efficient to improve the fire retardant medicine carrying effect of timber with microwave drying technology processing fire retarding wood, improve the distribution situation of fire retardant, improve the fire-retarding of wood performance in timber inside.
For reaching above purpose, the present invention realizes by following technical proposal: a kind of method for the treatment of fire retardant wood using microwave is characterized in that through the following step:
(1) timber being placed microwave heating appts, is 915MHz or 2450MHz in microwave frequency, vacuum or normal pressure, and temperature is under 50～160 ℃ of conditions, microwave heating treatment 30～5000 seconds;
(2) will deliver in the vacuum pressed jar through the timber of (1) step process, be evacuated to 20～90KPa vacuum, remove vacuum, containing mass ratio is in 5～50% the retardant solution, and under 0.1～10MPa pressure, soaked timber 3～720 minutes, behind the taking-up timber, under 10～95KPa vacuum, application of vacuum 0.1～12 hour;
(3) will place microwave treater through the timber of (2) step process, be 915MHz or 2450MHz in microwave frequency, vacuum or normal pressure, and temperature is under 50～160 ℃ of conditions, microwave heating treatment 30～5000 seconds gets fire retarding wood.
The treatment temperature of described step (1), (3) and processing time look timber kind, timber self characteristics and product requirement and specifically determine.
Vacuum, the processing pressure of described step (2) looked timber kind, timber self characteristics and product requirement and specifically determined.
The fire retardant consumption of described step (2) equally also will be looked timber kind, timber self characteristics and product hierarchy and require concrete definite.
Described fire retardant is a conventional inorganic combustion inhibitor of the prior art, i.e. the FRT of phosphoric acid in the phosphorus-containing compound, pyrophosphoric acid, U.S. Di Ruikang and in its esters one or more; In ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) in the phosphorous-nitrogen compounds, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP), carbamidophosphoric acid salt GUP, the ammonium polyphosphate APP one or more; Halophosphoric acid fat in phosphorus-halogen compound or in the POCl3 one or more; In ammonium pentaborate in boric acid in the boride, borax and composition thereof, boric acid fat, the boric acid second fat one or more; Or a kind of or two or more mixtures in other compounds.
The present invention is preferential to recommend following fire retardant: be that 98% carbamidophosphoric acid salt GUP and purity are 99% the composite inorganic combustion inhibitor of boric acid by commercial purity (A), its mass ratio is: carbamidophosphoric acid salt GUP: boric acid: water=1～2: 0.1～1: 0.1～2; (B) be that 98% ammonium polyphosphate APP and purity are 99% the composite inorganic combustion inhibitor of boric acid by commercial purity, its mass ratio is: ammonium polyphosphate APP: boric acid: water=1～2: 0.1～1: 0.1～2.5.
Described microwave treater is a conventional equipment of the prior art.
Why the present invention adopts microwave integrated treatment fire retarding wood, be because the mechanism of microwave drying timber is as follows: timber microwave drying is as dielectric wet timber, place the microwave alternating electromagnetic field, under frequent alternating electromagnetism field action, polarized water molecule in the timber rotates rapidly, the phase mutual friction produces heat, thus heating and desiccated wood.Its heating mechanism roughly has three kinds: 1. ion moves rapidly under the effect of microwave electromagnetic field in the timber, causes ionic conduction loss fuel factor; 2. the wood substance amorphous regions exists many light basic isopolarity dipole groups and the hygroscopic water molecule of sorption on the light base of hydrophily, under the alternating electromagnetism field action frequent orientation movement can take place and causes dielectric loss fuel factor circle; 3. the polarized water molecule in the timber is along with the variation of high frequency alternating electromagnetism field direction is rotated also phase mutual friction rapidly and produced heat.Because the relative dielectric constant and loss factor (loss angle tangent) maximum of water in the timber, caloric value is maximum under the microwave field effect, so frequent orientation movement takes place and produces heat in the polar molecule of being commonly considered as in the timber, thereby realizes the drying to timber.
During with heating using microwave timber, have than a large amount of heat of the very fast acquisition in the timber inside of high-moisture percentage, temperature is higher; And wood surface low and medium heat radiation towards periphery because of moisture content, temperature is lower, has formed low inside and high outside temperature field (traditional heating mode is then for high outside and low outside), helps moisture and directly evaporates with the form of steam.In addition, the inner quick heating of timber, the vaporization rate of moisture is much larger than migration velocity, cause the steam pressure in the lumen to raise rapidly, poor with the static pressure that environment formation is bigger, can produce extrusion effect to the fine duct of timber inside, can make the minute aperture road become big and extension, the fine variation in this duct generally can not cause the remarkable change of timber macroscopic property, but the influence that will produce essence to the infiltration of fire retardant soup; In addition, the pre-treatment of microwave will produce a kind of " pumping effect ", make Free water in the timber with the form of osmotic flow to external migration, accelerated the velocity of discharge of moisture greatly.The low inside and high outside temperature field and the existence of inside and outside static-pressure gradient make microwave drying be different from traditional drying means fully, have formed the unique mechanism of timber microwave drying.Heating using microwave can make timber integral body obtain heat in a short period of time, is warming up to desired temperature rapidly, has shortened the heat conducting time greatly, helps improving the speed of the drying of wood.
Based on technique scheme and mechanism, the present invention has following advantage and effect: adopt such scheme, making heat is not to import into from the timber outside, but directly take place in inside by the interaction of hydrone in microwave alternating electric field and the timber, thereby make the whole heating that heats up of timber, the frequent alternation of electromagnetic field in addition, cause the strenuous exercise of hydrone, friction generates heat, thereby heating timber, to get through steam-water channel, improve its permeability, in addition, utilizing microwave to carry out in the process of pre-treatment drying, can kill the moth and the worm's ovum of timber inside simultaneously, utilizing microwave to carry out in the last handling process of fire retarding wood, can significantly improve the distribution situation of fire retardant in timber inside, the migration that can make fire-retardant soup is not in traditional liquid stream mode, but with the form of steam to external diffusion, fire retardant moves together and is separated out by original position with regard to not following solution like this, thereby has fundamentally solved when conventional method is handled fire retarding wood fire retardant in the problem of a large amount of enrichments of wood surface and macrosegregation.In addition, wet heart phenomenon can not appear in the fire retarding wood of microwave treatment, and be heated evenly, residual stress is little, the fire retardant depth of penetration is dark, and the infiltration state is good, and resistance leachability is good, hygroscopicity is low, and making wood surface keep its original natural colour, the present invention does not have extra heat energy loss except that heating using microwave, heating system itself is no longer heating again, heat time heating time is extremely short, compares the utilization rate that has improved electric energy with routine techniques, has reduced energy consumption, and obtained flame-retardant timber need not to do insect protected or other further processing again, can be directly as the architectural decoration material.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of conventional microwave drying treatment device in the prior art used of the present invention.Among the figure, 1 is microwave generator, and 2 is the guided wave mouth, and 3 is coupler, and 4 is the multistage resonant chamber, and 5 is exhaust outlet, and 6 are the anti-current door, and 7 are microwave supression device, and 8 is belt timber conveyer.
The course of work is: microwave takes place from microwave generator 1, enters many through guided wave mouth 2, coupler 3 In the level resonator 4, timber, advances by the feeding port of microwave supression device 7 is housed with belt conveyer 8 Enter in resonator 4, and be subjected at this that aforementioned microwave irradiation is dry to be processed, drying is finished by by being equipped with The discharging opening of microwave supression device 7 is sent, and the dry damp-heat air that produces presses down through exhaust fan and microwave are housed End the exhaust outlet 5 of device and discharge, for continuity and the maintainability of assurance device work, multistage humorous 4 both sides, chamber that shake have anti-current door 6, in order to the timely usefulness of handling failure and daily cleaning in the dry run, All openings in multistage resonant chamber 4 all are provided with microwave and restrain device 7, anti-current door 6.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
A, will be of a size of 1500mm * 200m * 25mm, first moisture content is 30% oak, sends in the microwave heating appts that microwave frequency is 915MHz, and under normal pressure, baking temperature is controlled at 60 ℃, can be dried to moisture content 10% in dry 10 minutes; B, the desiccated wood of steps A is delivered in the vacuum pressed jar, be evacuated to 77KPa vacuum, remove vacuum, at the composite mixed solution of the inorganic combustion inhibitor of following mass ratio: in 20% carbamidophosphoric acid salt, 10% boric acid, 70% the water, be under the pressure of 1.6MPa promptly in gauge pressure, soaked timber 15 minutes, pressure relief is discharged fire retardant, is evacuated to 77KPa vacuum again, remove vacuum, take out timber then; C, the timber of step B is delivered in the microwave heating appts that microwave frequency is 915MHz, under normal pressure, 60 ℃ of control baking temperatures dry 3 minutes, can obtain the fire-retardant dry oak sheet material that the fire retardant depth of penetration surpasses 8mm.
A, will be of a size of 300mm * 100m * 25mm, first moisture content is 42% larix olgensis, sends in the microwave heating appts that microwave frequency is 2450MHz, and under normal pressure, 80 ℃ of control baking temperatures dry 10 minutes, can be dried to moisture content 8%; B, above-mentioned timber is delivered in the vacuum pressed jar, be evacuated to 77KPa vacuum, remove vacuum, with the composite mixed solution of the inorganic combustion inhibitor of following mass ratio: i.e. the FRT of 15% U.S. Di Ruikang, 12% borax, in 73% the water, be to soak timber 30 minutes, pressure relief under the pressure of 1.2MPa in gauge pressure, discharge fire retardant, be evacuated to 77KPa vacuum again, remove vacuum, take out timber then; C, above-mentioned timber is delivered in the microwave heating appts, under normal pressure, baking temperature is controlled at 80 ℃, can obtain the fire-retardant dry larix olgensis sheet material that the fire retardant depth of penetration surpasses 10mm in dry 2 minutes.
A, will be of a size of 200mm * 100m * 60mm, first moisture content is 52% masson pine, sends in the microwave dryer that microwave frequency is 2450MHz, and under normal pressure, baking temperature is controlled at 70 ℃, can be dried to moisture content 12% in dry 10 minutes; B, timber is delivered in the vacuum pressed jar, be evacuated to 377KPa vacuum, remove vacuum, with the composite mixed solution of the inorganic combustion inhibitor of following mass ratio: i.e. 18% ammonium polyphosphate APP, 6% ammonium pentaborate in 76% the water, is under the pressure of 1.4MPa in gauge pressure, soaked timber 25 minutes, pressure relief is discharged fire retardant, is evacuated to 57KPa vacuum again, remove vacuum, take out timber then; C, above-mentioned timber is delivered in the microwave heating appts, under normal pressure, baking temperature is controlled at 75 ℃, can obtain the fire-retardant dry masson pine sheet material that the fire retardant depth of penetration surpasses 9mm in dry 3 minutes.
Embodiment 4
A, will be of a size of 100mm * 100m * 50mm, first moisture content is 48% Chinese larch, sends in the microwave treater that microwave frequency is 915MHz, and under normal pressure, baking temperature is controlled at 90 ℃, can be dried to moisture content 14% in dry 4 minutes; B, timber is delivered in the vacuum pressed jar, be evacuated to 77KPa vacuum, remove vacuum, with the composite mixed solution of the inorganic combustion inhibitor of following mass ratio: i.e. 18% urea phosphate, 8% boric acid second fat, in 74% the water, be to soak timber 25 minutes, pressure relief under the pressure of 1.4MPa in gauge pressure, discharge fire retardant, be evacuated to 77KPa vacuum again, remove vacuum, take out timber then; C, above-mentioned timber is delivered in the microwave heating appts, under normal pressure, baking temperature is controlled at 70 ℃, can obtain the fire-retardant dry Chinese larch sheet material that the fire retardant depth of penetration surpasses 12mm in dry 5 minutes.
The above only is several specific embodiment of the present invention; should be understood that; for those skilled in the art, on this embodiment basis, can make various deformation and improvement, all do not exceed the described distortion of claim or improvement all should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1, a kind of method for the treatment of fire retardant wood using microwave is characterized in that through the following step:
(1) timber being placed microwave heating appts, is 915MHz or 2450MHz in microwave frequency, normal pressure, and temperature is under 50～90 ℃ of conditions, microwave heating treatment 4～10 minutes;
(2) will deliver in the vacuum pressed jar through the timber of (1) step process, be evacuated to 77KPa vacuum, remove vacuum, containing mass ratio is in 5～50% the retardant solution, and under 0.1～10MPa pressure, soaked timber 15～30 minutes, behind the taking-up timber, under 10～95KPa vacuum, application of vacuum 0.1～12 hour;
(3) will place microwave treater through the timber of (2) step process, be 915MHz or 2450MHz in microwave frequency, normal pressure, and temperature is under 50～80 ℃ of conditions, microwave heating treatment 2～5 minutes gets fire retarding wood.
2, the method for the treatment of fire retardant wood using microwave according to claim 1 is characterized in that described fire retardant is a conventional inorganic combustion inhibitor of the prior art, i.e. phosphoric acid in the phosphorus-containing compound, in the pyrophosphoric acid one or more; Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) in the phosphorous-nitrogen compounds, in the ammonium polyphosphate APP one or more; Halogenated phosphate in phosphorus-halogen compound or in the POCl3 one or more; In ammonium pentaborate in boric acid in the boride, borax and composition thereof, borate, the borogen one or more.
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| CN200810058530A CN100589944C (en) | 2008-06-13 | 2008-06-13 | Method of treating fire retardant wood using microwave |
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| CN200810058530A CN100589944C (en) | 2008-06-13 | 2008-06-13 | Method of treating fire retardant wood using microwave |
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| CA976813A (en) * | 1972-10-19 | 1975-10-28 | Canadian Wood Council | Method of manufacturing fire retardant plywood employing a high frequency electromagnetic field |
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| CN1520506A (en) * | 2001-06-27 | 2004-08-11 | ��Ī���ѧ | Method of microwave treatment of wood |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA976813A (en) * | 1972-10-19 | 1975-10-28 | Canadian Wood Council | Method of manufacturing fire retardant plywood employing a high frequency electromagnetic field |
| CN1119980A (en) * | 1994-09-12 | 1996-04-10 | 季儒彦 | Wood flame-retarded technology |
| CN1520506A (en) * | 2001-06-27 | 2004-08-11 | ��Ī���ѧ | Method of microwave treatment of wood |
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