CN109529938B - 一种超分子金属催化剂的制备和应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种超分子金属催化剂的制备方法,是将4‑氨基吡啶功能化的均苯三甲酰氯、柱[5]芳烃及六水合高氯酸铁加热充分溶解到DMSO‑H2O中,然后冷却至室温,形成稳定的超分子金属催化剂。实验表明,本发明制备的超分子金属催化剂用于催化氧化苯甲醇制备苯甲醛的反应中,苯甲醇的转化率达到99.85%,具有高效、快速等特点;同时该超分子金属催化剂相可以循环使用,绿色、环保、无污染。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种超分子有机凝胶TP-Q,尤其涉及一种氢键及π-π作用的超分子有机凝胶;本发明同时还涉及该超分子有机凝胶与Fe3+在DMSO-H2O体系中,形成稳定的超分子催化剂,该催化剂可以催化苯甲醇制备苯甲醛,属于超分子有机科研领域。
背景技术
超分子有机凝胶是一种低分子量的有机化合物(凝胶因子)在有机溶剂中通过氢键、范德华力、π-π堆积作用及亲水-疏水作用等分子间弱相互作用自组装形成的超分子(软)材料。这种材料同时具有固体材料和液体材料特有的优点:超分子有机凝胶分子保持自己的化学性质,可以进行其在溶液中的一些反应,同时该凝胶材料又具有类似于固体的稳定,如易于保存等优点,因此,在超分子软材料领域具有广泛的应用。超分子金属催化剂是超分子有机凝胶与金属离子,通过配位或阳离子-π作用形成稳定的超分子金属有机凝胶,即超分子金属催化剂,其在有机合成等领域具有广泛的应用。
由醇氧化得到醛或酮的反应是非常重要的有机化学反应,在大规模化学工业生产及精细化工品的生产中有着广泛的应用。随着人们对环境污染的日益重视,目前,在催化剂存在下,以清洁氧化剂催化醇氧化的研究日益受到重视。醇的催化氧化研究主要集中在两个方面,即醇在非金属催化剂作用下的催化氧化和在金属催化剂作用下的催化氧化,目前研究的重点主要是后者。醇氧化金属催化剂主要是过渡金属或稀有金属配合物催化剂,这类化合物由于中心金属离子的特殊电子层结构,从而可以与不同的配体试剂形成各种各样的金属配合物催化剂;如:醇可以在铜催化剂和碘苯的存在下被氧化,但有些反应需要共还原剂,这给反应产物的分离和分析带来了困难。超分子金属络合物作为催化剂,将有望在醇的氧化过程中得到理想的结果。同时,由于催化剂的独特性,使得反应有可能在非均相体系中进行,这为催化剂的重复利用提供了良好的途径。
Fenton试剂,1894年,英国人H.J.H.Fenton首次研究表明,H2O2 在Fe2+ 离子的催化作用下具有氧化多种有机物的能力。过氧化氢与亚铁离子的结合即为Fenton试剂,其中Fe2+ 离子主要是作为同质催化剂,而H2O2 则起氧化作用。Fenton试剂具有极强的氧化能力,特别适用于某些难生物降解的或对生物有毒性的工业废水的处理方面。其具有较强的的氧化能力,是因为在Fe2+离子的催化作用下H2O2KJ 的分解活化能较低(34.9 /mol),能够分解产生羟基自基OH·;Fenton试剂具有反应迅速、温度和压力等反应条件缓和且无二次污染等优点,近30年来,其在工业废水处理中的应用越来越受到国内外的广泛重视;很多情况下,将其用在生物降解及工业废水的处理方面。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种的超分子金属催化剂的制备方法;
本发明的另一目的是提供超分子金属催化剂在催化氧化苯甲醇制备苯甲醛的应用。
一、超分子金属催化剂的制备
将4-氨基吡啶功能化的均苯三甲酰氯(标记为Q),柱[5]芳烃(标记为TP)及六水合高氯酸铁,在加热下充分溶解于DMSO-H2O中,然后冷却至室温,形成稳定的超分子金属催化剂,标记为TP-Q-Fe。
4-氨基吡啶功能化的均苯三甲酰氯的结构式为:
柱[5]芳烃的结构式为:
4-氨基吡啶功能化的均苯三甲酰氯Q与柱[5]芳烃TP的摩尔比为1:3~1:3.5;柱[5]芳烃TP与六水合高氯酸铁的摩尔比为2.5:1~3:1。
DMSO-H2O中,DMSO与H2O的体积比为1.5:1~2:1;4-氨基吡啶功能化的均苯三甲酰氯Q、柱[5]芳烃TP、六水合高氯酸铁以50~60mg/mL的质量体积比溶解于DMSO-H2O中。
二、超分子金属有机催化剂TP-Q-Fe催化氧化苯甲醇制备苯甲醛
1、超分子金属有机催化剂TP-Q-Fe催化氧化苯甲醇的实验
在50ml的圆底烧瓶中,加入10ml的环己烷作溶剂,再向其中加入3mg的TP-Q-Fe,20μl的苯甲醇,400μl 30% H2O2;在80℃下,回流24h,即可制得苯甲醛。
对比实验:在50mL的圆底烧瓶中,加入10mL的环己烷作溶剂,再向其中加入20μl的苯甲醇和400μl 30% H2O2;在80℃下,回流24h,即可制得少量的苯甲醛。
2、催化氧化所制产物的鉴别实验
将苯甲醇与所制得产物分别通入到盛有新制Schiff试剂的试管中,发现只有通入所制得产物的试管变成红色,而通入苯甲醇的试管未变色。从而确定产物为苯甲醛。为了进一步确定产物为苯甲醛,通过1HNMR与ESI-MS进一步的进行确定。
3、苯甲醇催化氧化制备苯甲醛转化率的实验
将苯甲醇催化氧化所得到的产物通过离心去除催化剂得到液体。取少量液体注入高效气相色谱仪,从高效气相色谱图上,计算出其转化率为99.85%。同样方法计算对比试验的转化率为11.0%。
三、超分子金属有机催化剂TP-Q-Fe催化氧化苯甲醇制备苯甲醛的机理
超分子金属有机催化剂TP-Q-Fe催化氧化苯甲醇制备苯甲醛,其中的Fe3+促使30%H2O2分解,自身被还原成Fe2+,Fe2+与30% H2O2组成Fenton试剂,Fenton试剂促使30% H2O2分解产生OH·,OH·去进攻苯甲醇中的苄基碳,进行自由基的转移,产生苄基自由基,苄基自由基与OH·碰撞,自由基的终止,最后脱水,即得到苯甲醛。另外,本发明的超分子金属催化剂相比于其它无机催化剂而言,其在有机溶剂中的溶解性增加,实现苯甲醇的非均相催化氧化,提高了其催化效率;同时,其超分子金属催化剂可以循环使用,绿色、环保无污染。
附图说明
图1为苯甲醛催化氧化制备苯甲醛的机理图。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例对本发明超分子金属催化剂TP-Q-Fe的合成,以及催化氧化苯甲醇制备苯甲醛的方法作进一步说明。
实施例1、超分子金属催化剂TP-Q-Fe的制备
(1)柱[5]芳烃TP的合成:参见文献T. Ogoshi, S. Kanai, S. Fujinami, T.Yamagishi and Y. Nakamoto, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2008, 130, 5022;
(2)4-氨基吡啶功能化的均苯三甲酰氯Q的合成:参见X.Z. Luo, X. J. Jia, J.H. Deng, J. L. Zhong, H. J. Liu, K. J. Wang,and D. C.Zhong, J. Am. Chem.Soc., 2013, 135, 11684-11687;
(3)超分子金属催化剂TP-Q-Fe的制备:称取柱[5]芳烃TP(20.2mg,0.027mmol),4-氨基吡啶功能化的均苯三甲酰氯凝胶因子Q(4.1mg,0.0093mmol)及六水合高氯酸铁(4.6mg,0.010mmol),一同加入到0.5mL DMSO-H2O(0.3mL DMSO,0.2mL H2O)中,加热使其溶解,冷却至室温后,形成了超分子金属有机催化剂。
实施例2、超分子金属有机催化剂TP-Q-Fe催化氧化苯甲醇
在50mL的圆底烧瓶中,加入10mL的环己烷作溶剂,在向其中加入3mg TP-Q-Fe,0.02 mL苯甲醇,0.4 mL 30% H2O2;在80℃下,回流24h,即可制得苯甲醛。其苯甲醛转化率为99.85%。
Claims (6)
2.如权利要求1所述一种超分子金属催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:DMSO-H2O中,DMSO与H2O的体积比为1.5:1~2:1。
3.如权利要求1所述一种超分子金属催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:4-氨基吡啶功能化的均苯三甲酰氯、柱[5]芳烃、六水合高氯酸铁以50~60mg/mL的质量体积比溶解于DMSO-H2O中。
4.如权利要求1所述一种超分子金属催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:4-氨基吡啶功能化的均苯三甲酰氯与柱[5]芳烃的摩尔比为1:2.5~1:3.5。
5.如权利要求1所述一种超分子金属催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:柱[5]芳烃与六水合高氯酸铁的摩尔比为2.5:1~3:1。
6.如权利要求1所述方法制备的超分子金属催化剂在催化氧化苯甲醇制备苯甲醛的应用。
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